Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
4. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
5. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
6. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
9. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”

Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle.
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
6. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
9. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
10. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.

Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
1. He told me he was ill.
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
3. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
5. She told me she had caught cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
7. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
8. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor.
9. He said he would not come to school until Monday.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.

Indirect Questions
Special questions	He asked (me)… He wanted to know… He wondered…
“What are you doing?” “Where do you live?” “Where does he work?” “What is Nick doing?” “What have you prepared for today?” “When did you come home yesterday?” “When will your mother come home?”	…what I was doing. …where I lived. …where he worked. …what Nick was doing. …what I had prepared for that day. …when I had come home the day before. …when my mother would come home.

Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
4. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
5. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
6. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”

Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
5. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)
10. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)

Indirect Questions
General questions	He asked (me)… He wanted to know… He wondered …
“Are you watching TV?” “Do you play chess?” “Does she go to school?” “Are you listening to me?” “Have you done your homework?” “Did you skate last winter?” “Will you see your friend tomorrow?”	if, whether	…I was watching TV. …I played chess. …she went to school. …I was listening to him. …I had done my homework. …I had skated the winter before. …I should see my friend the next day.

Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

Обойтись без косвенной речи никак невозможно, так же как невозможно изучать английский, не пересказывая тексты. Делайте это как можно чаще, не забывая о согласовании времен, и вы улучшите разговорные навыки автоматически. В заключение, предлагаем выполнить упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке на уровне advanced для продолжающих. Некоторые упражнения взяты из учебника: Макарова Е.В., Пархамович Т.В., Ухванова И.Ф. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс

Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения Reported Speech Advanced

Перевод предложений в косвенную речь (повторение)

Упражнение 1. Переведите повествовательные предложения в косвенную речь.

1. I The secretary has said, «The press conference is taking place now in the main hall».
2. My brother has said, «Aunt Sally will come on Monday.»
3. The students have said, «We had two tests last week.»
4. Her daughter said, «I am not listening to music now.»
5. My friend said, «I have visited all these places,»
6. Tom said, «‘I am a first year student now.»
7. She said, «I have not been speaking to him since yesterday.»
8. Susan said, «I was in the library two days ago.»
9. The boy said, «I was not watching TV in my home at 8 o’clock.»
10. The teacher said, «They have been writing since early morning».
11. He said, «I will visit you next Friday.»
12. She said, «I will be leaving my home at 10 o’clock tonight»

Упражнение 2 . Переведите общие вопросы в косвенную речь.

1. John asked, «Has anybody seen the film?»
2. He asked, «Are you listening to music now?»
3. She asked, «Have you been working hard on this problem?»
4. She asked, «Were you in the library yesterday?»
5. He asks, «Does she work now?»
6. He asks, «Has she been reading this book since Monday?»
7. Jane asked, «Can anybody tell me what you have been discussing all the time?»
8. He asked, «Will you be at Nick and Carol’s party tonight?»

Упражнение 3 . Переведите специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.

1. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody..)
2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…)
3. Where is he? (Did you know…)
4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…)
5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…)
6. When will he come back? (She asked them…)
7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…)
8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…)

Упражнение 4. Переведите повелительные предложения в косвенную речь.

1. The army captain said, «Don’t shoot!»
2. The police officer said, «Put your hands over your head!»
3. The flight attendant said, «Fasten your seat belts!»
4. The teacher said, «Don’t use your dictionaries!»
5. The doctor said, «Take this medicine three times a day.»
6. The firefighter said, «Don’t go near the house, it is dangerous!»

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки в предложении.

1. The instructor asked me if I can swim and I said I can.
2. He said me that he had been waiting for me here.
3. She asked me where I had lived two years ago.
4. Mr. Grey told that he missed his hometown.
5. The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left.
6. The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time.
7. He wanted to know why Bob is missing a class today.
8. He asked me if Ted had been sick yesterday.

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте диалог.

A.: Excuse me? В.: Yes…
A.: This chicken is underdone.
В.: What do you mean?
A.: It’s not cooked.
В.: Yes, it is.
A.: No, it isn’t.
В.: Look, that’s how we always serve it.
A.: Well, I don’t want it. And I won’t pay.
В.: You’ll pay whether you eat it or not.
A.: In that case, I want to see the manager.
В.: I’m the manager.

Используя косвенную речь, расскажите о ситуации. Напри­мер, начните так:
«I ordered the chicken. It wasn’t properly cooked. I told the waiter…»

Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст и перепишите его, используя прямую речь.

The waiter recommended the fish. When it arrived, it was in­edible. I summoned the waiter and complained that the fish was un­cooked. He appologized and offered to replace it. I told him that I wasn’t hungry, and requested the bill… .

Упражнения на Reported Speech (advanced)

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения ниже в косвенную речь, используя глаголы:ask, beg, congratulate, thank, insist, offer, object, refuse, invite, suggest, complain, remark .

1.“Please, please, do as I say”, I said.

2. Peter, “I will pay.”
Alec, “Oh, no you mustn’t”.
Peter, “I insist on paying”

3.“Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!”
“Congratulations”, — I said.

4.“Many happy returns of the day”, we said.
“Thank you,” said the boy.

5.“Let us wait here till the rain stops,” I said.

6.“Oh, I’ve hit my thumb with the hammer!” Peter cried.

7.“Have an apple,” Mary said. – “No, thanks,” I replied.

8.“What about going for a walk?” he said. – “It’s quite fine now.”

Упражнение 9. Переделайте предложения с прямой речью в предложения с косвенной речью, используя глаголы: advise, remind, warn, invite, ask, encourage.

1. R u t h: Don’t forget to post the letter, Bruno.
2. R i с h a r d: Carolina, I think you should see a doctor.
3. К a t h y: Olivia, please do the dishes.
4. R u t h: Patrice, would you and Manny like to come to din­ner?
5. M a r i a: Roger, close the door, please.
6. M о t h e r: Ben, don’t touch the heater.
7. M i k e: Vicki, why don’t you run in the marathon?
8. Be careful! Don’t sit down, that paint is wet.

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте совет врача и переведите его на английский язык .

Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).

Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями.

Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.

Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ.

Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit). Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.

Упражнение 11. Передайте в косвенной речи цитаты известных людей. Запомните три из них .

1. “I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde)

Oscar Wilde said that…

2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important”(Conan Doyle)

Conan Doyle said that …

3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)

Robert Stevenson wrote that…

4. “Always do what you are afraid to do” (Ralf Emerson, American poet and essayist)

Ralf Emerson wanted us….

5. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)

Benjamin Disraeli asked us….

6.“If a man doesn’t make new friends as he advanced through life – he will soon find himself alone. A man should keep his friendship in constant repair.” (Samuel Johnson, English writer)

Samuel Johnson warned us that…

7. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful. ”(Thomas Moore, Irish poet)

Thomas Moore said if…

8. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)

Benjamin Franklin advised us…

9. “Every man has three characters: that which he exhibits, that which he has and that which he thinks he has. ” (Karr)

Karr thought that…

Упражнение 12. Перепишите шутку в прямой речи.

• be annoyed – быть раздраженным
• patient – терпеливый
• calm – спокойный
• sensible – разумный
• swear – ругаться
• wave – махать
• small things – пустяки

One day, when Jack the Patient came home from work he found his wife very annoyed about something.

1. He asked what the matter was.
2. And she answered that she had been annoyed by a bee.
3. Jack the Patient continued that he had always been more sensible than his wife so he was going to give her a lecture at the moment.
4. He added that he would prove to her the impor­tance of always remaining calm.
5. He said it was a waste of time and strength to get excited about small things.
6. He told her to train herself to be patient like him.
7. He asked her to look at the fly that had just landed on his nose.
8. He asked if he was getting excited or annoyed, if he was swearing or waving his arms around.
9. He explained that he wasn’t, he was perfectly calm. Just as he had said that Jack the Patient started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly.
10. His wife got surprised and asked what had made him so excited. He couldn’t say a word for some time. But at last he was able to tell his wife that the thing on his nose hadn’t been a fly, it had been a bee!

Упражнение 13. Перепишите шутки в косвенной речи, не забывая про подчеркнутые слова.

— Mummy, why is it cold today ?
— It is winter now. It’s always cold in winter.
— But why is it always cold in winter?
— Oh, Susan, I didn’t ask my mother so many questions.
— Now I understand why you can’t answer my questions!

Susan asked her mother …. Her mother answered …. Susan repeated the question …. Susan’s mother got angry and exclaimed that…. Susan came to the conclusion that….

— Daddy, can you write in the dark?
— Of course, I can.
— Then turn off the light and sign my report card (дневник), please.

Susan wondered …. Her father answered …. Then she asked him to ….

The client: It’s the most terrible fish I’ve ev­er eaten. Bring me the fish I ate in this restaurant last week .
The waiter: Sorry, sir, but it’s the same fish.

Вill: I broke off my engagement to Mary two months ago .
Tom: But why? Have you told her about your rich uncle?
Bill: Yes, I have. She’s my aunt now .

Teасher: Why are you late this morning , Jack?»
Jack: I pressed the toothpaste so hard that it took me half an hour to get the paste back into the tube.

Вill: I saw the doctor last Monday about my loss of memory.
Tom: What did he do?
Bill: He made me pay in advance.

Kate: What did you hear at the opera yesterday ?
Jane: All sorts of things: Oleg is going to Lon­don next month, Boris passed his exam last week, Ann took the first place in the literature Olympiad two days ago .

The tourist: Are you sure there are no croco­diles here ?
The guide: Yes, I am. We haven’t found any crocodiles here .
The tourist: I think I can have a swim in this river tomorrow . And what makes you think there are no crocodiles in this place?
The guide: They are afraid of the sharks.

Mrs Worry: Does your son smoke?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t.
Mrs Worry: Does he go out late?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t. He went to bed after dinner yesterday .
Mrs Worry: What is he doing now ?
Mrs Calm: He is watching cartoons.
MrsWorry: Oh, he is an ideal son. How old is he?
Mrs Calm: Three years today .

Mr Green: Last month a grain of sand got into my wife’s eye and she had to go to a doctor. I had to pay two hun­dred dollars for it.
Mr White: That’s nothing, last week a fur coat got into my wife’s eye and I had to pay two thousand dollars for it.

В заключение, устный тренинг по теме «Косвенная речь в английском языке. Reported Speech (advanced)».

Упражненеие 14. Переведите предложения, запомните свой ответ и проверьте себя.

1. Он говорит, что Мэри сделает это.
2. Он только что сказал мне, что урок начался.
3. Он сказал мне, что урок начался.
4. Он попросил ее дать ему стакан воды.
5. Она сказала ему прийти в 5 часов.

1. Не says (that) Mary will do it.
2. He has just told me that the lesson has begun.
3. He told me that the lesson had begun.
4. My brother has just said that he will come at 5 o’clock
5. Не said that he got up at 8 o’clock.
6. He said that the delegation would leave at the end of the week.
7. Не said that he would write the letter that day.
8. Не asked me where I lived.
9. Не asked me when they would send the documents.
10. Не asked me if (whether) I had received his telegram.
11. He asked her to give him a glass of water.
12. She told him to come at 5 o’clock.

Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент ОмА МВД России В.Г. Болотюк, ст. препод. каф. английского языка О.В. Гоголь

К710 Косвенная речь в английском языке: сб. трениро-

вочных упражнений по практической грамматике: для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков / сост.: Д.Ю. Малетина, О.А. Никитина, Р.Р. Фазмутдинова.

– Омск: Изд-во ОмГУ, 2005. – 60 с.

ISBN 5-7779-0589-7

Сборник грамматических тренировочных заданий составлен на основе аутентичных источников, включающих материал английских и американских учебников, подготовлен с учетом требований учебной программы по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка».

Цель издания – помочь изучающим английский язык ознакомиться с грамматическим явлением «Косвенная речь» и отработать его на практике.

Сборник предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков и может быть использован в группах с разным уровнем подготовленности.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное издание представляет собой сборник грамматических тренировочных упражнений.

Сборник упражнений составлен в соответствии с учебной программой по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка» и прежде всего предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков, однако также может быть рекомендован студентам других факультетов, изучающим английский язык как основную специальность.

Сборник состоит из двух разделов:

1. Теоретическая часть (базовые правила по теме «Косвенная речь»).

2. Практическая часть (упражнения, направленные на отработку, закрепление и употребление в речи грамматических структур по данной теме).

Большая часть теоретического раздела представлена в таблицах, что способствует лучшему усвоению и запоминанию материала.

Задания из второй части сборника включают в себя проверочные и тренировочные упражнения, выстроенные по принципу нарастания сложности:

– подстановочные упражнения,

– трансформационные упражнения,

– упражнения на исправление ошибок,

– упражнения на грамотное завершение предложений,

– упражнения на правильное соединение начала и конца предложений,

– упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский, а также с английского на русский,

– пересказ диалогов из оригинальных текстов в косвенной

Разнообразие упражнений позволяет использовать пособие

в группах разного уровня подготовленности, а также осуществлять разные формы работы со студентами.

При работе с упражнениями по теме «Косвенная речь» возможна отработка и некоторых других грамматических явлений, тесно связанных с использованием прямой речи.

Данный сборник тренировочных упражнений можно использовать в качестве дополнительного пособия в сочетании с другими, основными учебниками по грамматике английского языка.

PART I. RULES OF REPORTING

1. REPORTING STATEMENTS

When the statement in direct speech is converted into reported speech the following rules must be observed:

♦ If the verb to say introducing the indirect statement is followed by an object, use the preposition to (to say to smb.), though the expression to tell smb . is more preferable in this case.

Tom said, “I"m awfully tired.”	Tom said that he was awfully tired.
Tom said to Bob, “I"m awfully	Tom said to Bob that he was awfully
	Or: Tom told Bob that he was aw-

To say is usually used without an object to introduce the subordinate clause while to tell is followed by a direct object. Compare:

¾ She told me that she would be late.

¾ She said that she would be late.

The verb to tell can be a part of set expressions where a direct object can be omitted: to tell (somebody) a lie; to tell (somebody) a story; to tell fortunes (= to say what will happen to somebody in the future).

♦ No inverted commas are used in the reported statements.

♦ All personal and possessive pronouns are changed according to the person referring to the speaker.

♦ So and such are replaced by very, exceedingly etc. In exclamatory sentences:

She said, “Jane plays the pi-	She said Jane played the piano very
She said, “Jane is such a	She said Jane was an exceedingly
good pianist!”	(very) good pianist.

♦ The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the reported statements:

The Present Indefinite	The Past Indefinite
“I like peaches.”	He said he liked peaches.
The Present Continuous	The Past Continuous
“Is it raining?”	He asked if it was raining.
The Past I ndefinite	The Pas t Perfect
“I didn"t recognize you.”	She explained that she hadn"t recognized
The Present Perfect	The Past Perfect
“You"ve annoyed the dog.”	I told her she had annoyed the dog.
The Past Continuous	The Past Continuous or the Past Perfect
“I was joking about the	Continuous : He said he was joking (or:
	he had been joking) about the price.
The Past Perfect	The Past Perfect
“I hadn"t seen her before.”	You said you hadn"t seen her before that
The Future Indefinite	The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
“We"ll be late.”	I was afraid we should (would) be late.

♦ If the time or the place of the events described in the direct statement has changed, replace the demonstrative pronouns and the adverbs of time and place in the following way:

	that day, at the time
the day after tomorrow	two days later, in two days" time
	the day before, on the previous day
the day before yesterday
	the next year, the following year
	the previous week/year

	the other/previous night

Note : In the sentences like: I said, “I"ll be here tomorrow.” (Я ска-

зал: «Я буду здесь завтра».) the adverbs here and tomorrow may stay unchanged if the statement is reported on the same day and at the same place: I said I would be here tomorrow. Notice that it is also correct to change the adverbs according to the rule mentioned above: I said I"d be there the following day.

♦ If the statement consists of a few clauses referring to the past, only the verb of the first clause is used in Past Perfect.

John: Tom has done all his	John said that Tom had done all
homework. He did it before go-	his homework. He did it before
ing to the concert.	going to the concert.

2. QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. ♦ A reported general question is introduced by the conjunc-

tion if or whether (before which there is no comma!):

Robert: Does it often rain in your	Robert asked if it often rained in
part of the country?	their part of the country.
Helen: Have you seen this film	Helen wanted to know if Peter
	had already seen that film.

♦ A reported special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question:

Tom said to the boys, “Who has	Tom asked the boys who had
tickets for “Hamlet?”	tickets for “Hamlet.”
John: Why are you late, Mary?	John wanted to know why Mary

♦ If a direct question to the subject contains the link verb to be, the direct order of words is not always strictly observed:

¾ Robert said,	Robert asked Bob	what his telephone number
		what was his telephone

In set expressions like “What"s the time?”, “What"s the matter?”, “What"s the news!” inverted word order doesn"t change in reported speech.

♦ Reported questions are generally introduced by the following verbs and word combinations: to question; to inquire (more official than to “ask”); to want to know; I wonder; I"d like to know; Can you tell me and etc.

Short answers in reported speech

Short answers are converted into reported speech by repeating of the auxiliary or modal verb that a direct short answer contains. An auxiliary verb changes according to the rules of the sequence of tenses.

	Frank: Has it stopped raining,	Frank asked Polly if it had
		stopped raining and she said it
	yet? Polly: Yes.
	Mary: Does John ever come to	Mary asked Bob if John ever
		came to see him and Bob said he
	see you? Bob: Never.
	Bob: Are you very tired, Mary?	Bob asked Mary if she was tired
		and Mary answered she wasn"t.

Reporting elliptical sentences

If some parts of the sentence are missing, they should be restored according to the situation in the reported speech.

Mrs. Armstrong: I say, Peter. Do	Mrs. Armstrong told her hus-
	band sensational news. She
know the latest sensation? The	said the Browns were applying
are applying for a divorce.	Mr. Armstrong was very much
Mr. Armstrong: Sounds incredi-	surprised and said it sounded
	incredible, for the Browns had
seemed so attached to each other.	seemed very attached to each
Mrs. Armstrong: Never expected	His wife said she had never
	expected it herself.
Nick: Feeling out of sorts?	Nick asked Michael why he
Michael: Rather.	was feeling out of sorts.
Nick: Private trouble?	Michael said it was because of
Michael: Yes, the children are	the children. They were getting
getting unmanageable.

3. REPORTED ORDERS AND REQUESTS

An order or a request in reported speech is expressed by an infinitive; in a negative sentence the particle to precedes the infinitive.

Orders and requests are introduced into reported speech with the help of one of the following verbs: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg and others. The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

♦ The verb most commonly used to introduce reported orders is the verb to tell: the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command. The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to

приказать.

♦ The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить. The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a request.

♦ Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to

♦ The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emo-

♦ Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

♦ The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insis-

The doctor said to the patient,	The doctor told the patient to
“Keep the bed for some days.”	keep the bed for some days.
Peter said to Mary, “Would you	Peter asked Mary to ring him up
mind ringing me up at nine?”
The lieutenant said to the soldiers,	The lieutenant ordered (com-
“Get ready for the march.”	manded) his men to get ready for
The teacher said to the pupils,	The teacher told his pupils not to
“Don"t talk.”

He said to me, “Let"s go to the	He invited me to go to the pic-
Betty said to her friend, “Do stay	Betty begged her friend to stay
with us a little longer.”	with them a little longer.
Eliza said to the stranger, “Do	Eliza implored the stranger to
save my child!”
The mother said to her son, “Do	The mother urged her son to
take care of yourself!”	take care of himself.

4. CONVERSATIONAL PATTERNS

IN REPORTED SPEECH

Greetings and Saying Good-by

To report greetings and saying good-by the following phrases are used:

Не greeted them,	He said good-bye to…
They greeted each other	He bade them good-bye...
He welcomed them.	He took his leave.
	He took leave of...
	He wished them good night.

The following phrases used in greetings and saying good-by (It "s good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come and etc.) may not be reported at all.

“Hello, Тоm.”		Tom and Jack greeted each other.
“Hello, Jack.”
“Happy to see you at my place,		Betty welcomed Mary saying that
Mary,” Betty said.		she was happy to see her at her
Tom called, “Good night, Mary,”		Tom wished Mary good night as
as he went down the steps.		he went down the steps.

He said, “Good-bye, Helen.”	He said good-bye to Helen.
	He bade Helen good-bye.
	He took leave of Helen.
	He took his leave.

To report someone"s words used to introduce a person to another one the verb “to introduce” is used:

Mary: Mother, this is	Mary introduced Mr. Prinston to

To report someone"s words used in response to someone"s invitation the following phrases are used: he readily accepted the invitation; said he "d come most willingly; said she would be happy to…; declined the invitation and etc.:

Mr. Jackson: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.

Mr. Black: I"d love to. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Parker: Can you come to dinner tomorrow? Mr. Eden: I"m sorry I can"t. I"m leaving tonight.

Mr. Jackson invited Mr. Black to lunch on Sunday and Mr. Black readily accepted the invitation.

Mrs. Parker invited Mr. Eden to dinner but he declined the invita- tion, as he was leaving that night.

To report expressions of gratitude the following phrases are

¾ Не thanked them for... – Он поблагодарил их за...

¾ Не said he was much obliged to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень обязан ему за…

¾ Не expressed his gratitude to him for... – Он выразил свою благодарность ему за...

¾ Не said he was grateful to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень благодарен ему за..

Words used in response to expressions of gratitude may not be reported at all:

Dick: Thanks for helping me with	Dick thanked Tom for helping
	him with the bike.
Tom: Oh, that"s all right.
Mr. Jackson: Thank you ever so	Mr. Jackson expressed his grati-
much for your timely assistance.	tude to Mr. Brown for his timely
It saved me a lot of trouble.	assistance which had saved him a
Mr. Brown: Oh, not at all. It was a
real pleasure to be of help.	Mr. Brown said it had been a real
	pleasure to be of help.

Apologies and Excuses

To report apologies and responses to them the following phrases are used: Не begged his pardon; He apologized to them for; She asked him to excuse her; He said it was all right:

Dick: Sorry for interrupting you.	Dick begged Mrs. Parker"s par-
Mrs. Parker: That"s all right. We	don for interrupting her and she
were just having a chat.	said it was all right. Dick apolo-
Dick: I"m sorry. I"m late.	gized for being late.
Bob: Excuse my rudeness. I didn"t	Bob asked Mr. Black to forgive
mean to hurt you.	his rudeness but Mr. Black was
Mr. Black: How could you be so	too much hurt to forgive him.
rude! It"s really unforgivable.

Offers and advice are rendered in reported speech with the help of the following verbs: to suggest, to offer, to advise.

The verbs “to suggest” and “to offer” are a little different in meaning, which is reflected in the corresponding sentence structures. “То offer” is used when the speaker is willing to fulfill an action by himself: Не offered to see Mary home. Besides, “to offer” is used when they tell about something material: a cup of tea, a cigarette etc. “To suggest” is used when they tell about some idea, advice.

Nick: Let"s walk home, Mary.	Nick suggested to Mary that
	they should walk home.
Tom: What about going to the	Tom suggested going to the
Mary: You"d better stay at home,
	he should stay at home.
Mary: Have a cup of tea, Bob.	Mary offered Bob a cup of tea.
Tom: I can fix that radio of yours	Tom offered to fix the radio.

The verb “to offer” is always followed by the infinitive, while the verb “to suggest” is used only in the following patterns:

was against it objected to doing it said she didn"t mind said she would not

In response to offers in the reported speech the following

phrases can be used:
¾ He				¾ He		strongly objected to his
						refused point blank.
						said he had better not.
						said he needn"t.

To decline an offer sounds more polite than to turn down and to reject an offer; said he had better not…and said he needn"t… are typical to the spoken language, which is less formal.

Mr. Smith: I can drive you home	Mr. Smith offered to drive Ben
in my car, Ben. Ben: It"s very	home in his car and Ben will-
	ingly accepted the offer (but Ben
Ben: Oh, no, thanks a lot.	refused point blank).

Expressions of Surprise, Joy, Rapture

and Other Emotions in Reported Speech

said with surprise (amazement)...

said in surprise...

He expressed his surprise (amazement) at the news.

was surprised (amazed) to hear...

was surprised (amazed) at hearing…

Peter: Believe me or not! Paul	Peter told Nelly that Paul had won
won the European boxing title.	the European boxing title. Nelly
Nelly: You don"t say so! Who	was surprised to hear it (or: at
would have expected it of such a	hearing that) and said she would
	never have expected it of him.

¾ Не was delighted at their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He was delighted

¾ He expressed his joy (delight) at

to hear the news.

to hear that they...

the news. their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He said joyfully (with joy) that…

expressed his admiration of...

Mrs. Parker: I"m so happy! My	Mrs. Parker told Mrs. Green joy-
daughter has entered the Univer-	fully (with joy) that her daughter
	had entered the University.
Mrs. Green: Such joy! I"m de-	Mrs. Green was delighted to hear
lighted to hear that.	the news (at the news).

Regret, Consolation, Sympathy

being unable to do it. ¾ He regretted having said it.

that he had said it.

¾ He sympathized with…

expressed his sympathy with…

Bob: I"m so sorry I can"t attend		Bob regretted being unable to
		attend the conference.
		Bob regretted that he was un-
		able to attend the conference.
Mike: I"ll have to be operated on.	Mike was nervous about the com-
There"s no getting away from it.	ing operation, and Peter sympa-
I"m awfully nervous about it.	thized with him.
Peter: I"m so sorry for you.

Irritation, Indignation, Offence

was annoyed (irritated) with him, at his words. expressed his annoyance (irritation) with her because of her conduct.

was angry (indignant) with him, at the news. ¾ He said (cried) in anger (in indignation) that…

resented their criticism (interference). said resentfully that…

said in a resentful tone that…

Mr. Sievers: I"ve been waiting for Peter for an hour. How very annoying! I wonder if he will come at all.

The professor: How dare you talk like this to me!

1. Mr. Sievers expressed his annoyance (anger) with Peter for being late.

2. Mr. Sievers was annoyed (angry) with Peter for being late.

3. Mr. Sievers cried in anger (in an angry voice) that Peter had kept him waiting.

1. The professor was angry at the way the students spoke to him and said so.

2. The professor got angry with the students for the way they spoke to him.

3. The professor resented the way the students spoke to him.

¾ Не expressed his grief at the news.

¾ Не was filled with despair at...

¾ He cried in despair that...

Helen: Such a pity Bob is out. I	1. Helen was disappointed at
rather hoped to find him in and	not finding Bob in. She had
talk the matter over.	hoped to talk the matter over
	2. Helen expressed her disap-
	pointment at not finding Bob at

5. MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

When the sentences with modal verbs are converted into reported speech, modal verbs undergo the following changes:

Must , as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it expresses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance (должно быть).

Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity arising out of circumstances.

She said to him, “You must be	She told him he must be more
more careful.” (advice)
She said, “You must be very	She said he must be very fond of
fond of music if you go to con-	music if he went to concerts so
certs so often.” (supposition)
She said, “I must get up early	She said she had to get up early
every morning.”

When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are converted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains unchanged.

♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may , may is changed into might if the verb in the principal clause stands in a past tense.

“I would be discharged if I were		She said that she would be dis-
		charged if she were seen talking
seen speaking to you.”

	“It is true I drink, but I wouldn"t			He admitted that he drank, but
				said he wouldn "t have taken to
	have taken to that if things had
				that if things had gone differ-
	gone differently.”
	“I think cheerfulness is a fortune			She thought cheerfulness was a
				fortune in itself. She wished she
	in itself. I wish I had it.”
				had it.
	“Oh, how I wish I had never			She said she wished she had
	seen him!”			never seen him.
	“I suggest that we should have a			She suggested that they should
				have a rest.
	“I insist that you go there imme-			He insisted that we go there
	“The boys will think none the			He said that the boys would
	worse of you whatever you may			think none the worse of him
	have done .”			whatever he might have done .

7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS

INTO REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask” )

♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, и звещать) is used when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:

He announced that the conference would be postponed.

♦ То declare (объ являть, заявлять, провозглашать) is more formal than to announce . The statement with this verb sounds more solemn:

The strikers declared they would not give in.

♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements, especially news:

Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.

♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to report remarks:

Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.

♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, из лагать, формулировать)

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Упражнение 1.

1. “Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?” he asked me. “Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some very difficult translation.” “All right,” I said. “I won’t need it tonight.”

2. “I thought about you last night, Lydia,” said Nellie. “Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish school?”

3. “Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob?” asked Mike. “ I thought of inviting you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you nearly always do your homework in the evening.”

4. “I am fond of Dickens,” said Jack. “ I have been reading ‘The Old Curiosity Shop’ the whole week. I like the novel very much. I am reading it for the second time.”

5. “I think my friend has finished reading ‘Jane Eyre’ ,” said Tanya. “I hope she will give it to me soon: I am eager to read it.”

1. He asked me if I had a Russian-English dictionary. He wondered if I could let him have it for that evening. He added that he must (had to) do some very difficult translation. I agreed and added that I should not need the dictionary that night.

2. Nellie told Lydia that she had thought about her the night before. She wanted to know if Lydia had decided to go to Omsk with her parents or whether she would remain there with her aunt until she finished school.

3. Mike asked Bob if he had done his homework or left it till the evening. He added that he had thought of inviting Bob to go to the theatre with him but had remembered that he nearly always did his homework in the evening.

4. Jack said that he was fond of Dickens. He said that he had been reading “The Old Curiosity Shop” the whole week. He added that he liked the novel very much and that he was reading it for the second time.

5. Tanya said that she thought her friend had finished reading “Jane Eyre” . She added that she hoped her friend would give it to her soon and explained that she was eager to read it.

Упражнение 2.

Восстановите прямую речь в предложениях.

1. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. - Will you be busy tomorrow?

2. John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunderstorm.

3. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather.

5. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry.

6. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day.

7. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her days off.

8. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress.

9. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book.

10. Tom asked if Jane would come to the Philharmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get there. Jane asked where they would meet.

2. Are you afraid of thunderstorm?

3. Have you ever walked in rainy weather?

4. I prefer sunny days.

5. Are you in a hurry?

6. Will you go to the country tomorrow?

7. What do you like to do on your days off?

9. Will you give me your book?

10. Will you come to the Philharmonic with me? - At what time are you planning to go? - It will take us long to get there. - Where shall we meet?

Упражнение 3.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. «Do you know where the Browns live?» we asked a passerby.

2. «There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday,» said Andrew to us. «You will have no problems getting to my country place.»

3. «Do you often meet my sister at the library?» he asked me.

4. «Will the teacher return our exercise books today?» asked Nick.

5. «My nephew is a very capable young man,» said the woman. «He has just graduated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist.»

6. «Sit still and don’t move your head,» said the doctor to me.

7. «I want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital,» said Vera to Helen.

8. «Don’t forget to bring your exercise books tomorrow,» said the teacher to us. «You are going to write a very important paper.»

9. «How can I get to the circus?» asked the girl. «Take tram number five,» said the man.

10. «I am very sorry, Kate,» said Mike, «I have forgotten to bring your dictionary.»

11. «When does your mother go shopping?» asked the neighbour.

1. We asked a passerby whether he knew where the Browns lived.

2. Andrew told us that there were a lot of trains to his station on Sunday and added that we should have no problems getting to his country place.

3. He asked me if I often met his sister at the library.

4. Nick wanted to know if the teacher would return their exercise books that day.

5. The woman said that her nephew was a very capable young man. She added that he had just graduated from college, but he was already a very skilful specialist.

6. The doctor told me to sit still and not to move my head.

7. Vera told Helen that she wanted to know how her cousin liked working at that hospital.

8. The teacher told us not to forget to bring our exercise books the next day and explained that we were going to write a very important paper.

9. The girl wanted to know how she could get to the curcus. The man told her to take tram number five.

10. Mike told Kate that he was very sorry and added that he had forgotten to bring her dictionary.

11. The neighbour wondered when my mother went shopping.

Упражнение 4.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: «Come at nine o’clock, I shall be free at that time and we shall have a nice cup of coffee.»

2. Nina asked her friend: «What did the professor speak about in his lecture?»

3. Ann said: «He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard.»

4. He said: «I haven’t yet seen the film you are talking about.»

5. He said: «I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was very busy.»

6. She asked her brother: «Will you manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?»

7. My friend said: «We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day we went to have a look around the city.»

8. She said to me: «Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?»

9. She said to me: «Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer?»

10. My friend said to me: «The discussion will still be going on when you return.»

11. He said: «I am proud of my brother who took the first prize at the competition.»

12. She asked me: «How long have you been living in St. Petersburg?»

13. She said: «He has just left.»

14. He asked me: «When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?»

15. She said to me: «Were you present at the meeting yesterday?»

Ответы:

1. He told me to come at nine o’clock and added that he would be free at that time and we should have a nice cup of coffee.

2. Nina asked her friend what the professor had spoken about in his lecture.

3. He said that the man was one of the best speakers he had ever heard.

4. He said that he had not yet seen the film I was talking about.

5. He said that he had seldom gone to see his friend in May as he had been very busy.

6. She asked her brother whether he would manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday.

7. My friend said that they had arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day they had gone to have a look around the city.

8. She asked if I had lived in St. Petersburg ten years before.

9. She asked me if I was going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer.

10. My friend told me that the discussion would still be going on when I returned.

11. He said that he was proud of his brother who had taken the first prize at the competition.

12. She wanted to know how long I had been living in St. Petersburg.

13. She said that he had just left.

14. He was interested to know when my parents would arrive in St. Petersburg.

15. She wanted to know if I had been present at the meeting the day before.

Упражнение 5.

Переделайте предложения из прямой в косвенную речь.

1.

Tom. What would you do if you were in my shoes?

Tim. I would polish them.

2.

Teacher. What’s wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go to the library yesterday as she had had a birthday”?

Student. If the sentence which had “had had”

3.

A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly. “What would happen,” she asked, “if we struck a large iceberg?” “The iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened,” replied the captain. The old lady was very much relieved.

4.

Wife. Darling, where would you go for a holiday if you could afford it?

Husband. I would go somewhere I’ve never been to.

Wife. Well, how about the kitchen?

5.

Roger. Why do you think your marriage has lasted so well?

Jeff. My wife and I always have dinner out on Saturdays.

Roger. How very romantic! I wish Laura and I had done so too, maybe we wouldn’t have parted. Where do you go?

Jeff. Well, I go for a Chinese. I haven’t the foggiest idea where she goes.

Roger. Well, well, sometimes two is a crowd, too.

Ответы:

had had “had”, it would have been correct.

1. Tom asked Tim what he would do if he were in his shoes. Tim answered that he would polish them.

2. The teacher asked the student what was wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go…”. The student explained that if the sentence which had “had had” had had “had”, it would have been correct.

3. A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly and asked him what would happen if they struck a large iceberg. The captain replied that the iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened. The old lady was very much relieved.

4. A wife asked her husband where he would go for a holiday if he could afford it. The husband answered that he would go somewhere he had never been to. The wife offered him to go to the kitchen.

5. Roger asked Jeff why he thought his marriage had lasted so well. Jeff explained that he and his wife always had dinner out on Saturdays. Roger considered it to be very romantic. He said he wished Laura and he had done so too, then they wouldn’t have parted. And he wondered where they usually went. Jeff replied that he personally went for a Chinese. And he added that he had no idea (didn’t have the foggiest idea) where she went. To this Roger remarked that sometimes two is a crowd, too.

1. Измените предложения с общими вопросами на косвенную речь.

Например: «Are you happy?» he asked her. («Ты счастлива?», спросил он ее.) - He asked her if she was happy. (Он спросил, счастлива ли она.)

1. I asked him, “Have you seen my dog?” (Я спросил его: «Ты видел мою собаку?»)
2. “Can you give me an ice-cream?” asked the little girl. («Вы можете дать мне мороженое?» - спросила маленькая девочка.)
3. “Do you know when she will return?” he asked. («Ты знаешь, когда она вернется?» - спросил он.)
4. The teacher said to the girls, “Have you done your homework?” (Учитель сказал девочкам: «Вы сделали домашнее задание?»)
5. The little boy asked the man, “Will you help me?” (Маленький мальчик попросил мужчину: «Вы поможете мне?»)
6. “Are you coming home with me?” he asked me. («Ты пойдешь со мной домой?» - спросил он меня.)
7. “Do you really come from Japan?” the prince asked the young man. («Вы действительно родом из Японии?» - спросил принц молодого человека.)
8. “Don’t you have a driving license?” I asked her. («Разве у вас нет водительских прав?» - спросил я ее.)
9. Ann said, “Did anybody see you?” (Анна сказала: «Тебя кто-нибудь видел?»)
10. “Are they hungry?” my mother asked. («Они голодны?» - спросила моя мама.)
11. “Can you speak French?” the manager asked. («Вы можете говорить по-французски?» - спросил менеджер.)
12. “Was your sister at home?” Bob asked. («Твоя сестра была дома?» - спросил Боб.)

2. Вы встретили бывшего соседа Уильяма. Он задает вам много вопросов:

1. How are you?
2. Where have you been?
3. Where is your sister?
4. What does her husband do?
5. How much do you earn?
6. When will you pay my money back?
7. Why did you move to another place?
8. Where are you going?
9. Why didn’t you call me last month?
10. What time can I call you?

Расскажите своему другу, о чем вас расспрашивал Уильям. Начинайте со слов: Не asked me ..., He wanted to know ..., He wondered ...

Например: He asked me how I was. (Он спросил, как у меня дела.)

3. Выберите подходящую форму глагола в каждом предложении.

1. Paul asked me whether I liked travelling. - “... (Do you like/Did you like) travelling?” asked Paul.
2. He asked me if I had finished the essay. – “... (Did you finish/Had you finished) the essay?” he asked me.
3. Helen asked me if she could leave. – “... (Can/Could) I leave?” asked Helen.
4. I asked Sam where we were going. – “Where ... (are we/were we/we were) going?” I asked.
5. Mark asked Liz if she had met anyone the previous Sunday. – “... (Did you meet/Have you met) anyone last Sunday?” asked Mark.
6. The policeman asked him whether the gun belonged to him. – “... (Does/Did) the gun belong to you?” asked the policeman.
7. David asked his daughter when she would get back. – “When ... (would you get/will you get/have you got) back?” asked David.
8. Diana asked me what time the film started. – “What time ... did/does the film start?” asked Diana.
9. A passer-by asked me where the nearest toilet was. – “Where ... (was/has been/is) the nearest toilet?” asked a passer-by.
10. She wondered who would buy that car. – “Who ... (will/would) buy that car?” she wondered.

Ответы:

1. I asked him if he had seen my dog.
2. The little girl asked whether I could give her an ice-cream.
3. He asked me if I knew when she would return.
4. The teacher wondered if the girls had done their homework.
5. The little boy asked whether the man would help him.
6. He asked if I was coming home with him.
7. The prince asked the young man if he really came from Japan.
8. I wanted to know if she didn’t have a driving license.
9. Ann asked if anybody had seen her.
10. My mother asked whether they were hungry.
11. The manager asked if I could speak French.
12. Bob wanted to know if my sister had been at home.

2. He asked me where I had been. (Он спросил меня, где я был.)

3. He wanted to know where my sister was. (Он хотел узнать, где моя сестра.)

4. He wondered what her husband did. (Он интересовался, чем занимается ее муж.)

5. He asked me how much I earned. (Он спросил меня, сколько я зарабатываю.)

6. He asked when I would pay his money back. (Он спросил, когда я верну ему деньги.)

7. He wondered why I had moved to another place. (Он поинтересовался, почему я переехал в другое место.)

8. He asked me where I was going. (Он спросил меня, куда я иду.)

9. He wanted to know why I hadn’t called him the previous month. (Он хотел узнать, почему я не позвонил ему в прошлом месяце.)

10. He asked what time he could call me. (Он спросил, во сколько можно мне позвонить.)

1. Do you like travelling?
2. Did you finish the essay?
3. Can I leave?
4. Where are we going?
5. Did you meet anyone last Sunday?
6. Does the gun belong to you?
7. When will you get back?
8. What time does the film start?
9. Where is the nearest toilet?
10. Who will buy that car?