A story about water for children. Why do we need water? A lesson plan on the world around us (senior group) on the topic: Message to who needs water and why

Sections: Primary School

Lesson objectives:

Summarize children's knowledge about the water cycle, properties and states of water in nature.
Work on developing and enriching your vocabulary.
To develop knowledge about the ecological integrity of nature.
Foster respect for water.

Equipment:

globe;
physical map of the Rostov region;
posters and drawings by children on the theme “Save water”;
blanks for collective work of students “Let's save water on the planet!” (an aquarium in the shape of the Earth drawn on whatman paper, squares of colored paper for folding origami - a fish).

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Teacher: Hello. We checked readiness for the lesson. Sit down.

- Guess the riddle.

Running down the mountain without difficulty,
It roars like thunder.
On a frosty day it is hard -
Chop with an ax!
Heat it up and go to heaven
She will take off then.
Now you will answer me yourself.
Her name is ... (Water).

II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Slide 3 (goals)

III. Updating knowledge.

Teacher: Today in class we will continue to talk about the most amazing substance on our planet. About Water.

– We will find out where there is water on Earth.

– Let us remember in what state it occurs.

– Let’s find out who needs water and why.

– Let’s determine the role of water in the life of our planet.

– Let’s find out whether it is necessary to preserve and protect water?

Teacher: I propose to start our lesson in an unusual way. Let's imagine ourselves in a spaceship and look out the porthole window. We're in space. What do we see?

Students: Stars and planets.

Slide 4 (planets)

Teacher: How do we recognize our planet from space?

Students: It is bright blue with a yellow-green pattern. This is water and land.

Teacher: Water is the most extraordinary substance in the world. It exists in all corners of the Universe. Among the planets of the solar system, water is distributed very unevenly.

– Do you think there is water on other planets?

Students: Yes.

Slide 5 (Venus and Mars)

Students: There is very little water on Venus and it is in a gaseous state.

There is some water in the form of ice on Mars.

Teacher: Why is our planet called blue?

Students: Our planet is blue due to the large amount of water. Water takes up twice as much space as land. Only on Earth there is a kingdom of liquid water!

Slide 6 (water on Earth)

Teacher: Water occupies 3/4 of the earth's surface. (example – ¾ apple)

– What is the name of the shell that makes up all the waters of the Earth?

Students: All the waters of the Earth make up a shell of water called the hydrosphere.

IV. Work on the topic.

Teacher: How is water distributed on Earth?

Students: Most of the water is concentrated in the ocean, much less in the seas, rivers, lakes and groundwater. There are also reserves of water in the atmosphere, in the form of clouds and water vapor. Another part of the water is in a solid state in the form of glaciers and snow cover.

Slide 7 (oceans)

Teacher: How many oceans are there on Earth?

Students: 4

Teacher: Name them.

Students: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic.

Teacher: Which ocean is the largest?

Students: Quiet

Teacher: Which one is the deepest?

Students: Quiet

Teacher: Do you think it would be possible to hide the highest mountain in the deepest ocean trench?

Students: Yes. Even the highest Mount Everest (8,844 m) would disappear into the ocean trench. If it were possible to descend into the deepest place of the Pacific Ocean, into the Mariana Trench (11,022 m), in the cabin of an ordinary elevator, one would have to drive 5 hours in a row without stopping. From the 10th floor of the house it’s only half a minute, but here it’s 5 hours! So much depth!

Teacher: How much water then is there in the ocean, in all oceans and seas together?

Here's how much. If the globe were as smooth as a globe, and all the oceans, seas and rivers, lakes would spill over its surface, then our entire planet would be flooded with a 9-meter layer of water.

Teacher: Are there many seas on Earth?

Students: 54 seas.

Teacher: What seas do you know?

Students: Azov, Black, Red, Yellow, Japanese, etc.

Slide 8 (sea)

Teacher: What interesting things do you know about them?

Students make short messages about the seas:

The saltiest seas of the world's oceans - Red And Dead Sea . 1 liter of the Red Sea contains 41 g of salts. In the Red Sea, the water is very well and evenly mixed. It is the warmest on the planet. Not a single river flows into it.
The Dead Sea is called because, due to its high salt content, neither fish nor other organisms can live in it. Over the years, under the hot rays of the sun, the water of the Dead Sea evaporated and minerals accumulated, increasing the salinity of the sea. These conditions largely determine the unique composition of the water and mud of the Dead Sea. The increase in water density when immersed in water creates a buoyant effect, so you cannot drown in this sea.
The clearest sea is called Weddella. It is located off the coast of Antarctica. A white object lowered to a depth of 80 m remains visible.

Teacher: How is the sea different from a lake?

Students: The sea has a connection with the ocean, but the lake does not.

Slide 9 (Baikal. Nile)

Teacher: Name the deepest lake.

Students: The deepest lake is Baikal. (its depth is 1,620 m). It is located in Russia.

Teacher: Do you think there are many rivers on Earth?

Students: So many.

Teacher: Which river is the largest?

Students: Nile

Teacher: There are a lot of rivers on Earth. There are about 3 million rivers in our country alone, and in our Rostov region there are about 5 thousand, of which 4.5 thousand are very small.

Slide 10 (rivers of our region)

Teacher: What rivers in our region do you know?

Students: Don. The length of the river is 2 thousand km. Our city stands on it. It flows into the Volga River. There are also the rivers Dead Donets, Temernik, Seversky Donets, Manych, Sal.

Teacher: Our Earth is surrounded by a network of rivers. It’s not for nothing that river networks are called the Earth’s circulatory system. Where does the water from rivers and seas go? Why doesn't water flow over the edge?

Slide 11 (water cycle)

Students: When water evaporates from the Earth's surface, steam is formed. It is carried by winds over various distances. When the steam condenses, clouds form. As the steam cools, water droplets form and fall to Earth as precipitation. This process is called the water cycle in nature.

Teacher: In what form of precipitation can water fall to Earth?

Students: Snow, rain, hail.

Teacher: Guess the riddle:

I am both cloud and fog,
I am the stream and the ocean
I fly and run
And I can be glass. (Water)

Teacher: Why is this said about water?

Slide 12 (three states of water)

Students: Water in nature exists in three states: liquid, solid, gaseous.

Teacher: Water is the only substance on the planet that can exist in three states. - What determines the state of water?

Students: From temperature.

Teacher: What do you know about liquid water?

Students: Colorless, odorless, transparent, flowable, shapeless, solvent.

Teacher: What is ice?

Students: Frozen water.

Teacher: At what temperature does water turn into ice?

Students: 0 degrees and below.

Teacher: Name the properties of solid water.

Students: Colorless, odorless, transparent, shaped, fragile.

Teacher: Where can we observe water in a solid state?

Students: This is ice on rivers, puddles, icicles, snow, icebergs, glaciers in the mountains

Teacher: When can we observe the gaseous state of water?

Students: Boiling water, fog.

Teacher: At what temperature does water boil and begin to evaporate?

Students: About 100 degrees.

Teacher: You and I have traveled on Earth for a long time, and now we will swim.

PHYSMINUTE.

We are floating along a warm river, (Swimming movements with hands)
The water splashes quietly.
There are clouds in the sky like sheep (Stretching - arms up and to the sides)
They ran away in all directions.
We are crawling out of the river, (Walking in place.)
Let's take a walk to dry off.
Now take a deep breath, (Children raise their hands up)
And we sit down on the sand. (Children sit at tables.)

Teacher: As a result of the cycle, the amount of water on the planet has been constant for millions of years.

– Where else can we find water? Who needs water?

Slide 13 (who needs water)

Students: People, plants, animals.

Slide 14 (use of water)

Teacher: What else do we know about water?

Students make short messages about the use of water:

Water is everywhere: on the surface of the Earth, inside the planet, in the air and even inside us. It was in water that the first living beings arose. Water is part of all living organisms.
Without water, neither animals, nor birds, nor plants, nor people can live. Fields and forests drink water. Water brings life to deserts. Some organisms can live without oxygen, but not a single one can live without water.
Water spreads throughout the Earth in huge oceans and small puddles. We wash, swim, swim, and sled, skate, and ski in water. Mineral spring water has a healing effect on people. Resort areas are being created in these places.
Water is a convenient road. Thousands of ships sail the seas and oceans. That is why people have always settled along the banks of rivers. The first cities appeared on the banks of rivers.
Water “produces” electric current by rotating turbines in hydroelectric power plants. Water washes cities, cars, roads. That's what it is, water!

Slide 15 (animals and water)

Teacher: An elephant needs 90 liters of water per day.

– A camel can go without water for 10 days, and then immediately drink 10 buckets of water.

– How much water does a person use per day?

Slide 16 (how much water does a person use)

Students: A lot of. Brushes teeth, bathes, washes hands, drinks, washes dishes.

Teacher: Here's how much. Look at this data:

Hand washing – 6-8 liters
Brushing teeth – 6-8 liters
Taking a shower – 150 liters

Teacher: A hundred years ago, a city person consumed 11 liters of water per day: in 1890, and up to 700 liters in 2010. Why do you think there is such a difference?

Students: Previously there were no water pipes. People had to bring it in and take out the used water. People used water very carefully, because if the water ran out quickly, they had to go to the river or well again to get it. People treated water more carefully. Many rural people still use less water than urban people.

Teacher: A person wastes a lot of water. All businesses also need water. Without water, neither plants nor factories can operate. Where does the dirty water end up?

Slide 17 (cleaning station)

Students: The water is first purified. Then the purified water is poured into rivers.

Teacher: You're right. People purify water in special facilities. Every city has a treatment plant where all the dirty water is collected. It is cleaned using filters. They also use special microbes that are not harmful to people. They purify water.

– What happens if untreated or poorly treated water gets into the water?

Students: The water in the river will become dirty. The fish will die. People can be poisoned by such water.

Teacher: Why do people talk about water shortages today, since there is so much of it on Earth?

Slide 18 (fresh water)

Students: People only need fresh water to live. There is little of it on Earth.

Teacher: Yes, I agree with you, there is a lot of water on Earth, but people cannot drink salt water.

– Where on Earth is fresh water found?

Students: Rivers, mountain rivers, fresh lakes and springs, groundwater. There is a lot of fresh water in the polar ice of the Arctic and Antarctic (but the water there is in the form of ice, so we cannot use it yet).

Slide 19 (beautiful river)

Teacher: Rivers not only give us drinking water, we love to relax on the banks of rivers on a summer day. Would you like to relax on the banks of this river?

Students: Yes.

Slide 20 (dirty river)

Teacher: And on the banks of this river?

Students: No.

Teacher: Why did the river become like this?

Students express their versions.

Teacher: How else do water bodies get polluted?

Students:

People relaxing on the banks of the river often leave garbage, which can then end up in the water.
They also wash cars in rivers.
When toxic substances enter the soil, they dissolve and also enter the water.
If accidents occur on river vessels, fuel gets into the water. The fish are dying.

Slide 21 (disaster)

Teacher: What do you think happened on Earth?

Pupils: People did not save water, they polluted it. There is no clean water left on Earth. All living things died. This is a catastrophe.

Teacher: While we are not in danger of a complete disappearance of water, the problem of a lack of clean water is acute. In many countries there is already a shortage of it today. How should this problem be solved?

Slide 22 (save water)

Students: People use too much water, we need to save water and not pollute it.

Teacher: If your faucet is constantly dripping water, then in 20 minutes you will lose 1 glass of clean water. In a month, 540 liters of water will run out of your tap.

V. Lesson summary.

Teacher: The problem of fresh water shortage is very acute, so the whole world is trying to solve this problem. Therefore, 2003 was declared the Year of Fresh Water. And since 1994, March 22 has been called World Water Day.

The problem of water protection was solved today in class by you and me. What rules have you remembered for yourself and will you share them with your parents today?

Slide 23 (rules for caring for water)

Students:

Make sure that water does not drip from the tap.
Do not waste excess water.
Do not leave garbage on river banks.
Do not allow chemicals to enter rivers.

Team work in progress. Students make paper fish.

On the board hangs a poster “Let's save water on the planet!”, which depicts the Earth in the form of a round aquarium. Students glue the fish onto the poster.

Students (in unison at the blackboard): We want our rivers to be clean and fish always splashing in them. So that there is enough clean water for all people on Earth.

Slide 24 (Save water!)

Teacher: I want to end the lesson with the words: “Water is a priceless gift of nature. Water is one of the main resources on Earth. SAVE WATER!”

Homework

Grading.

Slide 25 (Well done!)

Water is the main source of life for all living organisms on our planet. Daily replenishment of the body with water is very important for health. If a person can live without food for several weeks, then he can live without water- only a few days.

The human body does not retain moisture well, losing it through urination, sweating and breathing, so constant replenishment of fluid reserves is required. Maintaining a drinking balance is important for the functioning of the body.

This means that our body must receive and excrete an equal amount of water from the outside. If this balance is disturbed, negative changes occur in the process of life.

If there is not enough water– weight falls, blood viscosity increases, temperature rises, performance decreases. Excessive water consumption increases the load on the kidneys and heart, and worsens digestion.

The amount of water a person consumes daily depends on various factors: his weight, physical activity, air temperature, etc. On average, the daily norm of fluid entering the body (taking into account other drinks and food) is 2 liters.

Let us consider specifically how lack of water affects the human body.

Brain. A lack of water in the body deprives it of oxygen and provokes a stroke (especially in the heat).

Vessels. Blood consists of a solid part (plasma) and liquid. If there is not enough water, blood clots may occur, which means strokes and heart attacks.

Intestines. Prevention of constipation.

Leather. Excess wrinkles are a consequence of dehydration.

Kidneys. Water prevents the occurrence of kidney stones and bladder cancer.

Most beneficial for the body clean water without gas.

Summary of the club meeting on the environment

in 2nd grade.

Educational and educational complex "Prospective Primary School"

Topic: “Who needs water and why?”

Goals and objectives:

To repeat and expand children’s ideas about the importance of water for life on Earth, to convey to children the idea of the great importance of water for planet Earth, awareness of it as an integral part of the human body, understanding of the extraordinary properties of this wonderful substance .

Understand the importance of water in human life, know ways to preserve natural fresh water reserves, and be able to use water sparingly.

Equipment and visual aids:

Textbooks.

Notebooks for independent work.

Exhibition of books about water.

Invitation cards.

Presentation

Announcement

Sample advertisement

Members of the scientific club for junior schoolchildren “We and the world around us” invite everyone to take part in the next meeting of the club.

Topic of the meeting: Is it possible to plant all garden plants at the same time?

The meeting will take place _____________ in the classroom ______ lesson _____

Responsible ____________________________________________________

Speakers___________________________

Topic " Who needs water and for what?” .

The meeting is chaired by the next chairman of the science club for junior schoolchildren ________________________________________________________________

Organizing time.

Teacher:

Today we are opening the third meeting of the school club “We and the world around us”, the chairman of which is _________________. There are no absentees in the class.

Setting a goal.
Chairman of the Junior Scientific Society:

I propose to write down the topic of the meeting (“Who needs water and why?”) and discuss the work plan, as well as the regulations. In addition, for the next lesson you must prepare a report on the importance of water and drawings.

Students:

We suggest first listening to the guys’ messages “What do we know about water?” - 15 minutes.

Teacher information – 15 min.

Write your conclusions in your notebook for independent work – 10 min.

Summarizing. - 5 minutes.

Learning new material.
3.1. Chairman

For today's work you need to divide into groups. Each group prepared information on the topic.

Listen to the guys’ report “What do we know about water?” (They read it out).

What new did the guys tell us about water?

3.2. Students (invited):

We already know that pure water is a solvent, tasteless, odorless, colorless, transparent, takes the shape of a vessel, and has the property of fluidity.

We also know that life on Earth is impossible without water. For many plants and animals, water is their place of life. But even those who live on land cannot live without water.

Water is an extraordinary substance because it can exist in one place in three different states: liquid, solid, gaseous.

3.3.Teacher’s word (using presentation):

Our whole life is centered around water. Just imagine for a minute - you don’t have ANY WATER in your house. Agree, it is impossible to imagine a more bleak situation.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of water in human life. “Water is the fundamental principle of everything. Everything in the world consists of water and ultimately turns into it” - these words belong to the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus, who lived more than 2 thousand years ago.

Indeed, water saturates us with its life-giving moisture (more than half of us are made of water), gives life to plants and animals on our planet. Water is as priceless as air. Nothing can replace it! And if it just runs or drips from your tap, this is a big problem, because to ensure that clean drinking water gets into your home at this moment, thousands and thousands of people work day and night. Nature also works, giving people fresh water.

Yes, more than 70% of our planet is covered in water, but only a tiny part of it, less than 1%, is fresh water that can be used by humans. Fresh water is rapidly becoming a scarce natural resource. Today, more than 2 billion people on our planet suffer from a lack of drinking water. Think seriously about this, dear friends. I hope you will treat water with care and respect. Don't let it waste away from your taps.

3.4.Group work:

1. Poems about water.

A drop

A drop of water flows out of a tap -

A drop of water we purified,

A drop of tear flows from the eye -

A drop of suffering and pain of the soul.

A drop of rain flows from a cloud -

A drop of hope and rainbow light,

A drop of the river flows from the mouth -

A drop of nature and our victories.

A drop and a drop - it turns out to be a sea,

Sea plus sea equals ocean.

The sea of water rewarded us with pain

For the nightmare we caused her.

Hardworking water

Time to take a bath.

Water is waiting, it won’t wait,

She will have to work -

Wash hands and feet.

Wash your back with soap - brothers

And with a washcloth - sister,

It’s not easy for water sometimes,

If you don't obey her.

The water girl is offended -

Dirt does not decorate the face.

Who wants to become beautiful

Must respect water.

***

Streams, murmuring and meandering,

And calling out to each other,

They rush to the echoing valley,

And the raging waters

Under white marble vaults

They fly with a cheerful roar

A. Fet

***

Looks like they're wearing lace

Trees, bushes, wires.

And it seems like a fairy tale,

But in essence - only water.

The vast expanse of the ocean

And the quiet backwater of the pond,

The flow of a waterfall and the spray of a fountain,

And all this is just water.

***

Don't wash, don't get drunk

Without water.

The leaf won't bloom

Without water.

They can't live without water

Birds, animals and people.

And that's why it's always

Everyone, everywhere needs water!

***

Riddles about water.

I am both a cloud and a fog,

And the stream and the ocean,

And I fly and I run,

And I can be glass (water)

Flows, flows -

It won't leak.

Runs, runs -

Will not run out (river)

Without wings, I'm flying.

Without legs I run

Without a sail - I float (cloud)

Trees in white velvet -

And the fences and the village.

And how the wind attacks,

This velvet is falling (frost)

Milk floated over the river,

There was nothing to be seen.

The milk has dissolved -

It became visible far away (fog)

No boards, no axes

The bridge across the river is ready.

The bridge is like blue glass:

Slippery, fun, light (ice)

Born from water and turned into water (snow)

3. A Tale of Water.

Tale of a Brook

I want to tell you a fairy tale about a small stream. Listen carefully.

There lived a trickle in the world. The stream was small, but cheerful. He gurgled joyfully in the riffles. The stream had many friends, most of them animals. He loved to race with the little hares and gave his fresh, cool water to tits, starlings, and finches. He also loved the mountains. More than once he helped them carry the snow water that flowed down their slopes in the spring.

In addition to a huge reserve of cheerfulness, the stream had one more good quality: it treated people well, although Mother Earth had repeatedly warned that they were insidious.

One fine morning, the stream was splashing with its friends - fish, their scales glistening in the morning sun, he looked up and saw that a jay was sitting on the branch of a tree that grew nearby. She gathered a flock of birds around her and was enthusiastically talking about something.

What's happened? - asked the stream, stopping.

The jay went down and, sitting on a stone, began to chirp that below, under the mountain, the village was left without water - the spring that provided people with water had dried up. The stream became thoughtful, its stormy waters calmed down. We know what the brook was thinking: he could not allow people to be thirsty somewhere nearby. And the trickle made up its mind. Saying goodbye to his friends, he hurried down to the people to give them clean water to drink.

On this day there was a holiday in the village - people rejoiced at the water. Brook was proud, although from time to time doubt crept in the depths of his soul. He recalled the words of Mother Earth: “Remember, little brook, people are treacherous and prone to betrayal.”

Several of the most boring days in the brook's life have passed. At first he was entertained by the village dogs fighting in the clouds of dust and the children playing on its banks. Soon he got bored with all this. Brook watched people a lot. He was increasingly surprised by their dislike for nature, especially the earth, and their ignorance. He didn’t understand how you could litter the place where you live with heaps of garbage and waste. Soon the stream began to choke and turned into a dirty ditch, into which unpleasant liquid flowed from all sides. The stream turned from transparent to a whitish, muddy stream. And he cried, which is why the water became salty... Now he understood why streams disappear from such places.

At night our little stream was forced to leave the village. Along the way, to cleanse himself, he made as many turns as possible, bending in every possible way. A carefree life and loyal friends awaited him ahead.

Although the fairy tale is a lie, there is a hint in it - a lesson for humanity.

A conversation about the importance of water in human life.

Why did the cheerful stream leave people?

If all the rivers took offense at people and ran away, what would happen to us?

Could people live without water?

Reservoirs are a real decoration of nature, a natural home for many plants and animals.

Proverbs and catchphrases about water

1. The tap is a clean spring in the apartment.

2. Bread is father, and water is mother.

3. If you have bread and water, then it’s no longer a problem.

4. Not all water is suitable for drinking.

5. Lots of water - lots of grass.

6. Water flowed from the mountains and brought spring.

8. Water wears away the earth and chisels the stone.

9. Water is a valuable gift of nature.

10. If we don’t preserve nature, there will be no Motherland.

11. To save water means to protect the health, life and beauty of our native nature.

12. Water is one of the most important resources on Earth.

"That's interesting to know."

Water on Earth is different. Sea water is salty. Mineral water is the most delicious and healthy. Rainwater is dangerous to drink; it can be contaminated with dust, germs, and toxic substances. Clean fresh water is of great value. The main reservoir of fresh water on the planet is glaciers.

Both fog and clouds are made up of tiny droplets of water. The difference is that fog spreads across the Earth, while a cloud forms high above the Earth.

A spring of clear, clean water emerges from under the Earth. This is spring water. Where does it come from? This is groundwater (underground) water that has seeped through the top layers of soil.

At night, especially in the morning, dew appears on the leaves of bushes and on the grass. Dew is droplets of water. At night, the air cools and the steam it contains turns into water.

In an hour he will drip 2 glasses of water from a broken tap.

How much water will dripping out of 10 hours?

What will this water be enough for if:

Water the cucumbers with 1 bucket - 10 glasses of water;

Boil soup - 6 glasses of water;

Wash – 3 glasses of water;

Boil compote - 8 glasses of water;

Wash dishes - 5 glasses of water.

For the rain to fall from the sky,

So that the ears of bread grow,

For the ships to sail,

To cook jelly,

So that there is no trouble -

We cannot live without water!

4. Consolidation of new material.

Chairman:

The floor is given to the librarian.

A librarian reviews books about water. At the same time, he uses the exhibition of scientific literature prepared for the meeting.
Chairman:

I suggest discussing control questions:

5. Summing up.

Chairman:

Express your opinion about the meeting.

2nd grade students present prepared gifts.

Homework:

textbook pp. 50 – 61,

prepare illustrations for fairy tales and riddles that you heard in class.

Teacher reference material

1. There is no life without water; there is water in every living creature. You can live much longer without food than without water. Humans and many animals are almost 2/3 water. And some plants are about 4/5 water.

Water occupies 2/3 of the surface of the globe, and only 1/3 is land. Water - in oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, underground and in soil. Glaciers and icebergs are also water, only frozen. There is a lot of water in the atmosphere: clouds, fog, steam, rain, snow.

There is no completely pure water in nature. It can only be obtained in the laboratory. Such water is tasteless, it does not contain the salts needed by a living organism. And there are too many different salts dissolved in sea water, so it is also not suitable for drinking.

The total amount of water on Earth does not change. Water evaporates from the surface of seas and oceans, rivers and lakes, and clouds form. They rain or throw snow - and again return the water to the land and oceans.

But there is less and less clean water on Earth. People are increasingly using water for industrial needs and polluting water with industrial waste. Engineers have already come up with different ways to purify water. In our country it is prohibited to discharge industrial waste and sewage into water bodies. Remember: you need to save water! Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote about water: “You are life itself... You are the greatest wealth in the world.” Water is the most abundant substance on Earth, but it is unevenly distributed. There are vast spaces on Earth that are devoid of water - these are deserts. The main amount of water is contained in the oceans (95.7%), in the form of ice (2.14%), water from rivers and lakes is 2.14%, and atmospheric water is 0.0005%. In nature, there is a constant and active water cycle. Almost ¼ of all solar energy that falls on the Earth is spent on the evaporation of water from the surfaces of reservoirs. Approximately 2/3 of atmospheric water returns as precipitation back to the ocean, and 1/3 falls on land. Mountain glaciers are an important regulator of water on land. Glaciers are the main reservoir of fresh water on the planet. They contain about 30 million cubic meters. km. fresh water. Swamps are large reservoirs of fresh water. The total reserves of free water on Earth are 1.4 billion cubic meters. km. Fresh water supplies on Earth are quite limited. Freshwater sources are unevenly distributed, with some countries experiencing acute shortages of freshwater, such as Algeria and certain coastal areas and islands of Greece.

Clean fresh water is of great value, but, unfortunately, its natural resources are exhaustible, so water must be protected and protected from pollution, remembering that it is an important part of the human environment.

2. Water in the human body

Humans are approximately 65% water. With age, the water content in the body decreases. In a healthy adult body, a state of water equilibrium, or water balance, is observed, i.e. the amount of water consumed is equal to the amount of water removed from the body. Water metabolism is an important part of the overall human metabolism. Water metabolism includes the processes of absorption of water entering the stomach when drinking and with food, and its distribution in the body. Excretion through the kidneys, urinary tract, lungs, skin and intestines. Water is also formed in the body due to the oxidation of fats, carbohydrates and proteins taken with food.

The total volume of water consumed by a person per day when drinking and eating is 2-2.5 liters. About 50-60% of water is removed through the kidneys and urinary tract. When the body loses 6-8% of moisture above the normal norm, body temperature rises, heart rate increases, and muscle weakness appears. A loss of 10% of water can lead to irreversible changes in the body, and a loss of 15-20% of water leads to death. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days. Different tissues of the human body contain different amounts of water. The richest tissue in water is the vitreous body of the eye (99%). The poorest is tooth enamel (0.2%).

In this lesson we will talk to you about water. Is there a lot of water on Earth? What role does it play in the life of animals, plants and humans? What properties does water have? We will consider these and other questions in this lesson.

Theme: Nature

Lesson: Water

Let's remember what inanimate phenomena water is associated with. Dew, fog, cloud, steam, rain, snow, ice, frost - this is all water.

Rice. 1. Water

Water on the globe and on the map is indicated in blue. This color is the most abundant on the globe, because ¾ of the Earth's surface is covered with water. Water is everywhere. Our globe is enveloped in a thick layer of air, and there is also a lot of water, steam, clouds, and clouds in the air. There is also water underground - these are springs. Huge accumulations of ice are located at the north and south poles of the planet, and ice is water.

Water is part of all living organisms. If you crush a green leaf in your hand, you will find moisture. Water is found in all parts of plants.

Remember how much juice is contained in fruits and berries. Juice is also water with substances dissolved in it.

Rice. 2. Fruits and berries

Even dry plant seeds contain water, although in much smaller quantities.

Rice. 3. Plant seeds

The Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci called water the juice of life. And it is true. If we don't water the plants, they will dry out.

In the body of animals, water usually makes up more than half the mass, and the body of a jellyfish is 90-95% water.

A person can live without water for only 3 days, and without food for 30-50 days. Man himself is 2/3 water. Water is part of human blood. Water evaporates from the surface of the skin and thus regulates our body temperature. Water removes harmful substances from the body. Fields and forests need water; neither animals, nor birds, nor people can live without it. Water not only gives you water, but also feeds you. There are a huge number of fishing vessels sailing the seas and oceans. Water produces electric current when working in power plants. Water washes everything in the world. And water is the largest and most convenient road. Ships sail along it day and night, carrying various cargoes and passengers. All this became available to man only after he studied the properties of water.

Let's look at them:

1. Water takes the form of the vessel in which it is located;

2. Water is a transparent liquid;

3. Water flows and moves. This property is called fluidity;

4. Water is odorless;

5. Water has no taste;

6. Water is a solvent, but not for all substances.

Water is life, and people pollute it with waste from factories and factories. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to build treatment facilities, and water must be used carefully and sparingly.

Pleshakov A.A. The world around us: textbook. and slave tetr. for 2 grades beginning school - M.: Education, 2006.
Bursky O.V., Vakhrushev A.A., Rautian A.S. The world around us. - Balass.
Vinogradova N.F. The world around us. - VENTANA-COUNT.

Topic of the meeting:

Topic " Who needs water and for what?” .

Organizing time.
Teacher:

Setting a goal.
:

Students:

Teacher information - 15 min.

Write your conclusions in your notebook for independent work - 10 min.

Summarizing. - 5 minutes.

Learning new material.
3.1. Chairman

We also know that life on Earth is impossible without water. For many plants and animals, water is their place of life. But even those who live on land cannot live without water.

Water is an extraordinary substance because it can exist in one place in three different states: liquid, solid, gaseous.

Our whole life is centered around water. Just imagine for a minute - you don’t have ANY WATER in your house. Agree, it is impossible to imagine a more bleak situation.

Indeed, water saturates us with its life-giving moisture (more than half of us are made of water), gives life to plants and animals on our planet. Water is as priceless as air. Nothing can replace it! And if it just runs or drips from your tap, this is a big disaster, because thousands and thousands of people work day and night to ensure that clean drinking water gets into your home right now. Nature also works, giving people fresh water.

3.4.Group work:

1. Poems about water.

A drop

A drop of water flows out of a tap -

A drop of water we purified,

A drop of tear flows from the eye -

A drop of suffering and pain of the soul.

A drop of rain flows from a cloud -

A drop of hope and rainbow light,

A drop of the river flows from the mouth -

A drop of nature and our victories.

A drop and a drop - it turns out to be a sea,

Sea plus sea equals ocean.

The sea of water rewarded us with pain

Looks like they're wearing lace

Trees, bushes, wires.

And it seems like a fairy tale,

But in essence - only water.

The vast expanse of the ocean

And the quiet backwater of the pond,

And all this is just water.

Riddles about water.

I am both cloud and fog,

And the stream and the ocean,

And I fly and I run,

And I can be glass (water)

Flows, flows -

It won't leak.

Runs, runs -

Will not run out (river)

Without wings - I'm flying.

I'm running without legs,

Without a sail - I'm floating (cloud)

Trees in white velvet -

And the fences and the village.

And how the wind attacks,

This velvet is falling (frost)

Milk floated over the river,

There was nothing to be seen.

The milk has dissolved -

It became visible far away (fog)

No boards, no axes

The bridge across the river is ready.

The bridge is like blue glass:

3. A Tale of Water.

Tale of a Brook

What's happened? - asked the stream, stopping.

Although the fairy tale is a lie, there is a hint in it - a lesson for humanity.

Reservoirs are a real decoration of nature, a natural home for many plants and animals.

1. The tap is a clean spring in the apartment.

2. Bread is father, and water is mother.

5. Lots of water - lots of grass.

6. Water flowed from the mountains - it brought spring.

9. Water is a valuable gift of nature.

10. If we don’t preserve nature, there will be no Motherland.

11. To save water means to protect the health, life and beauty of our native nature.

12. Water is one of the most important resources on Earth.

"That's interesting to know."

At night, especially in the morning, dew appears on the leaves of bushes and on the grass. Dew is droplets of water. At night, the air cools and the steam it contains turns into water.

Water the cucumbers with 1 bucket - 10 glasses of water;

Boil soup - 6 glasses of water;

Wash - 3 glasses of water;

Boil compote - 8 glasses of water;

Wash dishes - 5 glasses of water.

Chairman:

5. Summing up.

Chairman:

Homework:

textbook pp. 50 - 61,

View document contents
“Who needs water and for what? »

Summary of the club meeting on the environment

in 2nd grade.

Educational and educational complex "Prospective Primary School"

Topic: “Who needs water and why?”

Goals and objectives:

Understand the importance of water in human life, know ways to preserve natural fresh water reserves, and be able to use water sparingly.

Equipment and visual aids:

Textbooks.

Notebooks for independent work.

Exhibition of books about water.

Invitation cards.

Presentation

Announcement

Sample advertisement

Members of the scientific club for junior schoolchildren “We and the world around us” invite everyone to take part in the next meeting of the club.

Topic of the meeting: Is it possible to plant all garden plants at the same time?

The meeting will take place _____________ in the classroom ______ lesson _____

Responsible ____________________________________________________

Speakers___________________________

Topic " Who needs water and for what?” .

The meeting is chaired by the next chairman of the science club for junior schoolchildren ________________________________________________________________

Organizing time.

Teacher:

Today we are opening the third meeting of the school club “We and the world around us”, the chairman of which is _________________. There are no absentees in the class.

Setting a goal.
Chairman of the Junior Scientific Society:

Students:

We suggest first listening to the guys’ messages “What do we know about water?” - 15 minutes.

Teacher information – 15 min.

Write your conclusions in your notebook for independent work – 10 min.

Summarizing. - 5 minutes.

Learning new material.
3.1. Chairman

For today's work you need to divide into groups. Each group prepared information on the topic.

Listen to the guys’ report “What do we know about water?” (They read it out).

What new did the guys tell us about water?

3.2. Students (invited):

We already know that pure water is a solvent, tasteless, odorless, colorless, transparent, takes the shape of a vessel, and has the property of fluidity.

We also know that life on Earth is impossible without water. For many plants and animals, water is their place of life. But even those who live on land cannot live without water.

Water is an extraordinary substance because it can exist in one place in three different states: liquid, solid, gaseous.

3.3.Teacher’s word (using presentation):

Our whole life is centered around water. Just imagine for a minute - you don’t have ANY WATER in your house. Agree, it is impossible to imagine a more bleak situation.

3.4.Group work:

1. Poems about water.

A drop

A drop of water flows out of a tap -

A drop of water we purified,

A drop of tear flows from the eye -

A drop of suffering and pain of the soul.

A drop of rain flows from a cloud -

A drop of hope and rainbow light,

A drop of the river flows from the mouth -

A drop of nature and our victories.

A drop and a drop - it turns out to be a sea,

Sea plus sea equals ocean.

The sea of water rewarded us with pain

For the nightmare we caused her.

Hardworking water

Time to take a bath.

Water is waiting, it won’t wait,

She will have to work -

Wash hands and feet.

Wash your back with soap - brothers

And with a washcloth - sister,

It’s not easy for water sometimes,

If you don't obey her.

The water girl is offended -

Dirt does not decorate the face.

Who wants to become beautiful

Must respect water.

Streams, murmuring and meandering,

And calling out to each other,

They rush to the echoing valley,

And the raging waters

Under white marble vaults

They fly with a cheerful roar

Looks like they're wearing lace

Trees, bushes, wires.

And it seems like a fairy tale,

But in essence - only water.

The vast expanse of the ocean

And the quiet backwater of the pond,

The flow of a waterfall and the spray of a fountain,

And all this is just water.

Don't wash, don't get drunk

Without water.

The leaf won't bloom

Without water.

They can't live without water

Birds, animals and people.

And that's why it's always

Everyone, everywhere needs water!

Riddles about water.

I am both a cloud and a fog,

And the stream and the ocean,

And I fly and I run,

And I can be glass (water)

Flows, flows -

It won't leak.

Runs, runs -

Will not run out (river)

Without wings, I'm flying.

Without legs I run

Without a sail - I float (cloud)

Trees in white velvet -

And the fences and the village.

And how the wind attacks,

This velvet is falling (frost)

Milk floated over the river,

There was nothing to be seen.

The milk has dissolved -

It became visible far away (fog)

No boards, no axes

The bridge across the river is ready.

The bridge is like blue glass:

Slippery, fun, light (ice)

Born from water and turned into water (snow)

3. A Tale of Water.

Tale of a Brook

I want to tell you a fairy tale about a small stream. Listen carefully.

In addition to a huge reserve of cheerfulness, the stream had one more good quality: it treated people well, although Mother Earth had repeatedly warned that they were insidious.

What's happened? - asked the stream, stopping.

Although the fairy tale is a lie, there is a hint in it - a lesson for humanity.

A conversation about the importance of water in human life.

Why did the cheerful stream leave people?

If all the rivers took offense at people and ran away, what would happen to us?

Could people live without water?

Reservoirs are a real decoration of nature, a natural home for many plants and animals.

Proverbs and catchphrases about water

1. The tap is a clean spring in the apartment.

2. Bread is father, and water is mother.

3. If you have bread and water, then it’s no longer a problem.

4. Not all water is suitable for drinking.

5. Lots of water - lots of grass.

6. Water flowed from the mountains and brought spring.

8. Water wears away the earth and chisels the stone.

9. Water is a valuable gift of nature.

10. If we don’t preserve nature, there will be no Motherland.

11. To save water means to protect the health, life and beauty of our native nature.

12. Water is one of the most important resources on Earth.

"That's interesting to know."

Both fog and clouds are made up of tiny droplets of water. The difference is that fog spreads across the Earth, while a cloud forms high above the Earth.

A spring of clear, clean water emerges from under the Earth. This is spring water. Where does it come from? This is groundwater (underground) water that has seeped through the top layers of soil.

At night, especially in the morning, dew appears on the leaves of bushes and on the grass. Dew is droplets of water. At night, the air cools and the steam it contains turns into water.

In an hour he will drip 2 glasses of water from a broken tap.

How much water will dripping out of 10 hours?

What will this water be enough for if:

Water the cucumbers with 1 bucket - 10 glasses of water;

Boil soup - 6 glasses of water;

Wash – 3 glasses of water;

Boil compote - 8 glasses of water;

Wash dishes - 5 glasses of water.

For the rain to fall from the sky,

So that the ears of bread grow,

For the ships to sail,

To cook jelly,

So that there is no trouble -

We cannot live without water!

4. Consolidation of new material.

Chairman:

The floor is given to the librarian.

A librarian reviews books about water. At the same time, he uses the exhibition of scientific literature prepared for the meeting.
Chairman:

I suggest discussing control questions:

5. Summing up.

Chairman:

Express your opinion about the meeting.

2nd grade students present prepared gifts.

Homework:

textbook pp. 50 – 61,

prepare illustrations for fairy tales and riddles that you heard in class.

Teacher reference material

2. Water in the human body

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III. Updating knowledge.

IV. Work on the topic.

V. Lesson summary.

Let us consider specifically how lack of water affects the human body.

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“Who needs water and for what? »