Indifference is spiritual deafness. An indifferent person is deaf, indifferent to the troubles and joys of other people, unable to come to the rescue, empathize. Indifference, as if a disease strikes the soul of a person. It is dangerous because a person who has fallen into its power loses the ability to love, make friends, appreciate the feelings of other people, their lives and their own. Indifference is dangerous both for the one who shows it and for the one to whom it is shown. It destroys faith in yourself and in other people.

In the literature we find many examples of indifference and what it can lead to. Indifference to others and to oneself leads to the moral death of a person, harms not only oneself, but also those around.

The protagonist of Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time", Pechorin, succumbed to the influence of a lazy, depraved secular society and began to live according to its laws. He suppressed all sincere feelings, began to wear masks. Despite all his talents, he could not find a worthy application for them in society. Not finding a purpose in life, he lost interest in it, cooled off. Pechorin's indifference led him to lose faith in people. The hero believed that friendship does not exist: one is always the slave of the other, does not believe in love and does not know how to love. Indifferent to the feelings of other people, he committed cruel selfish acts. Because of his indifference, Bela and Grushnitsky perished, Princess Mary broke down and closed herself in, Vera suffered. He treated me coldly at the meeting with Maxim Maksimovich. Pechorin's indifference brought suffering to those around him. Pechorin himself says that he is not capable of sacrifice and calls himself a moral cripple. Only once do real feelings awaken in him. When Pechorin realized that he could lose Vera, she becomes dearer to him than anything in the world, but he realized this too late, he was no longer destined to be happy. Having missed his happiness, Pechorin is finally disappointed in life, becomes indifferent to himself. Often risking their own lives unnecessarily. At the end we learn that the hero dies on the way to Persia. Thus, Pechorin's indifference slowly killed him and harmed those around him.

The hero of Pushkin's novel of the same name, Eugene Onegin, is also indifferent to everything in the world, sees no point in anything. Eugene Onegin, a young nobleman, received a typical secular education, led an idle, empty life. In the end, the monotonous social life made him indifferent to everything. He is trying to get out of this state: he moves to the village, takes care of the affairs of the estate, gets acquainted with the Larins, makes friends with Lensky - but all in vain. Onegin quickly got bored with the rural landscape, he began to appear less often at the Larins. His coldness, indifference does not give a manifestation of sincere feelings, he rejects Tatiana's love. The hero flirts with Olga, not caring about Lensky's feelings, and this leads to tragic consequences. Because of his selfishness, Onegin accepts a challenge to a duel. The murder of Lensky sobers him up, awakens human feelings, because he indifferently allowed this to happen. This event contributed to changes in his character, lifestyle. Onegin traveled for several years. Having met Tatyana again, feelings awaken in him. The hero is no longer indifferent, he repents. The loss of a friend, love, the opportunity to be happy with Tatyana - he paid a high price, but these sacrifices led him to a spiritual rebirth.

Thus, indifference leads to the suppression of sincere feelings, an indifferent attitude to what is happening, harms the person himself and those around him, makes the person unhappy. Indifference to human life corrupts the soul, leads to spiritual death.

Indifference and indifference are the most terrible vices of today's life. Recently, we have been faced with this so often that for us such behavior of people, unfortunately, has become the norm. Almost every day you can see the indifference of people. Have you ever wondered where it comes from?

Reasons for indifference

Often, indifference is a way to protect a person, an attempt to hide from a cruel reality. For example, if a person was often humiliated or hurt by offensive phrases, he will try to avoid and will not make contact with others. That is why a person will unconsciously try to show an indifferent look so that he is not touched.

But over time, the following trend may develop: a person will have the problem of human indifference, because indifference will become his internal state, not only in relation to himself, but also to others.

It is not hatred that kills us, but human indifference.

Why does indifference kill?

Indifference kills all living things in a person, this is the callousness of the heart and the lack of sincerity. At the same time, a person is not responsible for such behavior, and this is perhaps the worst thing.

Indifference is dangerous because it can gradually develop even into a mental illness. The reasons for indifferent behavior can be long-term use of psychotropic drugs, mental illness, drug and alcohol use. Also, a feeling of indifference can occur after severe stress or shock - for example, the loss of a loved one. In adolescents, cruelty and indifference can develop due to lack of attention from parents, from lack of love, due to violence from the family.

In psychology, the term is used - obsessive human behavior. Such people cannot understand their emotions, and they are indifferent to the feelings and experiences of other people. They do not know what pity and compassion are. Alexithymia can be both a congenital diagnosis and a consequence of psychological trauma. Scientists say that indifference is not treated.

There are many examples of indifference. From a conversation with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Kuklin Innokenty Ivanovich: “I once walked through the center of Irkutsk. Suddenly, I suddenly felt bad, and I fell right in the middle of the street .. For a long time everyone bypassed me, throwing the phrase “here is the grandfather, he got drunk in the middle of the day ..”. But I fought for these people. Terrible time."

One can talk endlessly about indifference, and it especially hurts us when the questions concern our loved ones. Then the pain becomes incredibly sharp.

Indifference leads to the destruction of the personality, interferes with the harmonious existence of a person. Therefore, it is so important to properly educate your children, your younger brothers and sisters. It is necessary from childhood to teach kids responsiveness and kindness so that they can empathize and support others.

It is always important to remember that sometimes the life of another person can depend on your behavior, and it does not matter who you are - a doctor, a driver or just a person passing by.

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness".

Why is indifference dangerous? Can mindfulness save lives?

Indifference can hurt a person, indifference can even kill. The indifference of people caused the death of a little girl, the heroine of H.K. Andersen. Barefoot and hungry, she wandered the streets in the hope of selling matches and bringing money home, but it was New Year's Eve in the yard, and people had absolutely no time for buying matches, and even less for a beggar girl hanging around houses. No one asked her why she was wandering alone in the cold, no one offered her food, a passer-by boy even stole her shoe, which was out of size and fell off her small foot. The girl dreamed only of a warm place where there is no fear and pain, of homemade food, the aromas of which came from every window. She was afraid to return home, and it was unlikely that the attic could be called home. In desperation, she began to burn the matches she was supposed to sell. Each burned match gave her wonderful images, she even saw her dead grandmother. The mirage was so clear that the girl believed in it, she asked her grandmother to take her with her. They ascended high into the heavens with joy on their faces. In the morning, people found a little dead girl with a smile on her lips and an almost empty box of matches in her hands. She was killed not by cold and poverty, but by human indifference to the troubles of the people around her.

Should we learn empathy?

Compassion can and should be learned. The protagonist of J. Boyne's The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, Bruno, is a prime example of my position. His father, a German military officer, hires a tutor for the children, who must teach them to understand modern history, to understand what is right and what is not. But Bruno is not at all interested in what the teacher says, he loves adventure and does not understand at all how some people differ from others. In search of friends, the boy goes to "explore" the area near his home and stumbles upon a concentration camp, where he meets his peer, the Jewish boy Shmuel. Bruno knows that he should not be friends with Shmuel, so he carefully hides the meetings. He brings food to the prisoner, plays with him and talks through the barbed wire. Neither propaganda nor his father can make him hate the prisoners of the camp. On the day of his departure, Bruno again goes to a new friend, he decides to help him find his father, puts on a striped robe and sneaks into the camp. The ending of this story is sad, the children are sent to the gas chamber, and only by the remnants of clothes, Bruno's parents understand what happened. This story teaches that compassion must be nurtured in oneself. Perhaps you need to learn to look at the world the way the main character does, then people will not repeat monstrous mistakes.

Indifferent (indifferent) attitude to nature

One of the main characters of the novel by B.L. Vasilyeva "Don't shoot white swans" Yegor Polushkin is a man who does not stay long at one job. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart”. He loves the forest very much, takes care of it. That is why he is appointed a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Yegor manifests himself as a real fighter for the protection of nature. He boldly enters into a fight with poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man is an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Against Buryanov's cruelty, goodness must always come out in the person of the caring "polushkins".

"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. In the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéard Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area. For four decades, Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: the valley became like a Garden of Eden. The authorities took this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official state protection. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Buffier. Elzéard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also able to create. Human resources are inexhaustible, purposefulness can create life where it does not exist. This story was translated into 13 languages, it had such a strong impact on society and authorities that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest were restored after reading it.

Indifferent attitude towards nature.

The story "" touches upon the problem of attitude to nature. A positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day, she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, they all fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is impossible to recognize: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers”, and “birds and butterflies flew over it”. Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but it always brings such important results. Having spent an hour of his time, each person can save or "give life" to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.

Indifference to art.

The protagonist of the novel I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is completely devoid of interest in art. He denies it, recognizing only "the art of making money." He considers a decent chemist more important than any poet, calls poetry "nonsense." The painter Raphael, in his opinion, "is not worth a penny." Even music for is a “frivolous” occupation. Eugene is proud of the "lack of artistic meaning" in his nature, although he himself is quite familiar with works of art. The denial of generally accepted values ​​is the most important thing for him. For the idea of ​​"necessity" should prevail in everything: if he does not see practical benefits in something, then it is not very important. His profession should be taken into account. He is a doctor, and therefore a zealous materialist. Everything that is subject to the mind is of interest to him, but that which is in the realm of the senses and has no rational justification is tantamount to danger for him. What he cannot understand scares him the most. And as we know, art is something that cannot be explained in terms, it can only be felt with the heart. That is why Bazarov shows a deliberate indifference to art, he simply does not understand it. Because if he understands, he will have to give up everything he believes in. It means to admit one's wrong, to "change the principles", to appear before all the followers of a person who says one thing and does another. Yes, and how could he abandon his ideas after he defended them, bringing the boiling point in the dispute to the maximum.
His profession also played an important role. It is difficult for a person who knows the anatomical structure of the body well to believe in the existence of the soul. It is difficult for a doctor who sees death, denies the miracle and believes in the power of medicine, that the soul also needs medicine - and this is art.

Another example illustrating indifference to art can be Dr. Dymov from the story "" by A.P. Chekhov. His wife Olga Ivanovna charges him with one shortcoming, namely, a lack of interest in art. To which Dymov replies that he does not deny art, but simply does not understand it, he studied medicine all his life, and he had no time. Osip argues that if some smart people devote their entire lives to art, while other smart people pay huge money for works, then they are needed. Partly the indifference to art is connected with his activities, partly with the fact that he had to work several jobs so that Olga Ivanovna could afford to "live in the world of art" and move in the society of "exalted" people. It is possible that Dymov did not understand exactly the fake art, the love for which Olga tried so hard to instill in him. Pretense, flattery, snobbery were companions of people of art who attended Olga Ivanovna's receptions. It can be said that Dymov was indifferent not to genuine art, but to false art, because the sad motives that his friend played on the piano touched his heart.

What leads to indifference? Why is indifference dangerous?

For Onegin, indifference turned out to be a poison that destroyed him for many years. His inability to strong feelings played a cruel joke on him. When Tatyana confessed her love to Eugene, he turned out to be deaf to her impulses. At that stage of his life, he simply could not do otherwise. It took him years to develop the ability to feel. Unfortunately, fate did not give him a second chance. However, the recognition of Tatiana can be considered an important victory, the awakening of Eugene.
The attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives. What causes indifference to loved ones? Do you agree with Shaw’s statement: “The worst sin in relation to one’s neighbor is not hatred, but indifference, this is truly the pinnacle of inhumanity” Do you agree with the statement: An ungrateful son is worse than a stranger: this is a criminal, since the son has no right to be indifferent to his mother "

Indifferent attitude towards relatives.

Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "" shows the attitude of the daughter to her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried little Katerina Petrovna, she reread a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother for the last time in her life, to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words, but she did not have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."

Why is indifference dangerous? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? What kind of person can be called indifferent? How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself?"

Indifference is a feeling that can manifest itself not only in relation to other people, but also to life in general. , the central character of the "Hero of Our Time", is shown by M.Yu. Lermontov as a person who does not see the joys of life. He is bored all the time, he quickly loses interest in people and places, so the main goal of his life is the search for "adventure". His life is an endless attempt to feel at least something. According to the well-known literary critic Belinsky, Pechorin "is furiously chasing life, looking for it everywhere." His indifference reaches the point of absurdity, turning into indifference to himself. According to Pechorin himself, his life "is becoming emptier day by day." He sacrifices his life in vain, embarks on adventures that do no good to anyone. On the example of this hero, one can see that indifference spreads in the soul of a person, like a dangerous disease. It leads to sad consequences and broken destinies of both those around and the most indifferent person. An indifferent person cannot be happy, because his heart is not capable of loving people.

HERO OF OUR TIME ANALYSIS
Indifferent attitude to the profession.

The role of a teacher in human life is difficult to overestimate. A teacher is the one who is able to open a wonderful world, reveal the potential of a person, help determine the choice of a life path. The teacher is not only the one who transfers knowledge, it is, first of all, a moral guide. So, the main character of M. Gelprin's story "" Andrey Petrovich is a teacher with a capital letter. This is a man who remained true to his profession even in the most difficult times. In a world where spirituality has faded into the background, Andrey Petrovich continued to defend eternal values. He did not agree to betray his ideals despite the poor financial situation. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that for him the meaning of life is to transfer knowledge and share it. Andrei Petrovich was ready to teach anyone who knocked on his door. Indifferent attitude to the profession is the key to happiness. Only such people can make the world a better place.

What kind of person can be called indifferent? Why is indifference dangerous? What leads to indifference? Can indifference hurt? How are the concepts of indifference and selfishness related? Can an indifferent person be called selfish?

What can indifference lead to?

In fiction, the theme of indifference is also reflected. So, E. Zamyatin in the novel "We" shows us a certain model of life, as well as the consequences of the tacit consent of both individual individuals and the whole society as a whole. Before the reader's eyes, a terrifying picture arises: a totalitarian state in which people are deprived not only of their individuality, their own opinion, but also of morality. But if you try to understand the reasons for what is happening, then you come to the conclusion: each society gets the leader it deserves, and the inhabitants of the One State themselves allow the bloodthirsty dictator to rule them. They themselves join the “slender ranks” of robot-like ones, go on their own legs for an operation to “remove fantasy”, which deprives themselves of the opportunity to live fully.
However, there were units who were able to say “no” to this system. For example, the main character of the novel I-33, who understands the absurdity of this world. She created a coalition of resistance, because she firmly knew that no one has the right to deprive a person of freedom. She could have lived immersed in comfortable hypocrisy, but she chose to protest. On her shoulders lay a great responsibility not only for herself, but also for many people who did not understand the horror that was happening in the state.
D-503 did the same. This hero was favored by the authorities, held a high position, lived in a calm, indifferent, mechanical state. But meeting I changed his life. He realized that the ban on feelings is immoral in nature. No one dares to take away from a person what life has given him. After he experienced love, he could no longer remain indifferent. His struggle did not bring results, since the state deprived him of his soul, destroying the ability to feel, but his "awakening" cannot be called in vain. Because the world is able to change for the better only thanks to the brave and caring.

What is the danger of indifference? Do you agree with the statement: "Be afraid of the indifferent - they do not kill and do not betray, but it is with their tacit consent that betrayal and murder exist on earth"?

In "Cloud Atlas" David Mitchell we meet examples of indifferent attitude towards people. The novel is set in the dystopian state of Ni-So-Kopros, which developed on the territory of modern Korea. In this state, society is divided into two groups: purebloods (people born naturally) and fabricators (clone people artificially raised as slaves). Slaves are not considered human, they are destroyed like broken equipment. The author focuses on the heroine Sunmi-451, who, by chance, becomes involved in the struggle against the state. When she learns the terrible truth about how the world truly works, Sunmi can no longer remain silent and begins to fight for justice. This becomes possible only thanks to the caring "purebreds" who understand the injustice of such a division. In a fierce battle, her comrades and a loved one are killed, and Sunmi is sentenced to death, but before her death she manages to tell her story to the "archivist". This is the only person who heard her confession, but it was he who later changed the world. The moral of this part of the novel is that as long as there is at least one caring person, the hope for a just world will not fade away.

What kind of person can be called responsive? Are there people unworthy of sympathy?

A responsive person can be called someone who thinks about others more than about himself, is always ready to help those in need, and also takes other people's experiences to heart. The hero of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" by Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin. Prince Myshkin is a representative of a noble family, orphaned early, having spent 4 years abroad due to a nervous illness. To others, he seems a strange, but interesting person. He strikes people with the depth of his thoughts, but at the same time shocks with his straightforwardness. However, everyone notes in him openness and kindness.
Her responsiveness begins to show soon after meeting the main characters. He finds himself at the epicenter of a family scandal: Ganya Ivolgina's sister, in protest against his marriage, spits in his face. Prince Myshkin stands up for her, for which he receives a slap in the face from Ganya. Only instead of getting angry, he pities Ivolgin. Myshkin understands that Ghana will be very ashamed of her behavior.
Lev Nikolaevich also believes in the best in people, therefore he turns to Nastasya Filippovna, claiming that she is better than she tries to seem. The ability to compassion, like a magnet, attracts the surrounding people to Myshkin. Nastasya Filippovna falls in love with him and, later, Aglaya.
A distinctive feature of Myshkin is pity for people. He does not approve of their bad deeds, but he always empathizes, understands their pain. Having fallen in love with Aglaya, he cannot marry her, because he takes pity on Nastasya Flippovna and cannot leave her.
He feels sorry even for the robber Rogozhkin, who subsequently kills Nastasya.
The compassion of Lev Myshkin does not divide people into good and bad, worthy and unworthy. It is directed at all mankind, it is unconditional.

How do you understand Suvorov's words: "How painful is indifference to oneself"?

Indifference to oneself is a heavy burden that pulls a person to the very bottom of life. An example confirming the above can be the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova Ilya. His whole life is a geometric progression of indifference to himself. It starts small: with his appearance, to which Ilya Ilyich does not attach any importance. He wears an old worn dressing gown, slippers. These things lack individuality and beauty. Everything in his room is broken and dusty. In his financial affairs - the collapse. But most of all, the manifestation of indifference in oneself can be considered Oblomov's rejection of the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhappiness with Olga. He is so indifferent to himself that he deprives himself of the opportunity to fully live. This leads him to hook up with a woman he doesn't love, just because it's convenient.

Why is indifference dangerous? To answer this question, you need to parse the term itself. In my opinion, indifference is an indifferent attitude to people, to the environment, to what is happening. People with this quality met at all times. The reasons for indifference are different, but it is safe to say that it is directly related to selfishness. People who are indifferent to everything cannot but be selfish. And now we will try to understand why indifference is still dangerous.

In literature, we can see many examples of human indifference, as well as its consequences. In addition, there are situations in which people show their indifference, and, perhaps, the internal torment of the selfish heroes of the works.

Let's look at a couple of examples from fiction.

The theme of indifference is raised in the work of N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat". In this story, the author presented the image of a little man with his little desires and possibilities. The dream of an overcoat for Akaky Akakievich was the only joy of life. In order to earn money for her, he saved on everything: he even went to bed early so as not to spend money on light. Finally, having bought an overcoat, the main character is immensely happy, everyone praises his purchase. But, returning home late in the evening, Akaky Akakievich is left without an overcoat. He is robbed and left in a snowdrift. The people who committed this atrocity, I am sure, are the most selfish. They didn’t care what kind of person he was, how he scrupulously saved up money for an overcoat, how important it was to him. They thought only of themselves, and their indifference will continue to push the thieves to new atrocities.

In addition, the story “The Man in the Case” by A.P. Chekhov. The protagonist of the work is Belikov, a teacher of the Greek language. He was known throughout the city because of his "case" considerations. Belikov always tried to protect himself from everything, and he treated any deviations from the norm negatively. It so happened that a new teacher was appointed to the gymnasium, who arrived with his sister, who immediately made an impression on everyone in the gymnasium, including Belikov. The main character walks with her, falls in love. However, the caricature on which he is depicted makes a very heavy impression on him, and then the laughter of his beloved, which hurt Belikov very much. Arriving home, he goes to bed, and a month later he dies. And in this work, we clearly see how society does not understand and does not accept the considerations of a single person. It treats him indifferently, indifferently, which ultimately destroys the main character.

Summing up, we can say with confidence that the consequences of people's indifference are often very tragic, and this is confirmed by a huge number of examples from life and literature. Indifference is one of the worst qualities of a person, which destroys not only himself, but also all those around him.

Unfortunately, many people live by the proverb: "My hut is on the edge - I don't know anything."

Additional material for arguments:

1) G. Troepolsky. "White Bim Black Ear"

Bim meets different people - good, evil, indifferent. Such as Tolik, Matryona, Dasha help the dog. Among people there are those who betray, poison, kill. Because of human malice, Bim suffers.

Ivan Ivanovich brought up kindness and faith in people in Bima. When the owner was taken to the hospital, the dog was faithfully waiting for him. The two felt responsible for each other because they were "tamed". Remembering the owner's attitude towards himself, Bim trustingly goes to people when Ivan Ivanovich is taken to the hospital.

2) V. Zheleznikov. "Scarecrow".

The moral lessons of the story: do not be cruel to people, to animals and plants - to all life on earth; protect your human dignity, never let anyone trample on it; you need to learn to understand people, because disappointment hurts the soul.

Lena Bessoltseva, in the difficult trials that fell on her adolescence, all the time saw her grandfather next to her, felt the strength of his character, leaned on his shoulder. Nikolai Nikolayevich helped her to survive and not to break. Lena appreciated it. Yes, old people need to be protected, listen to their advice, appreciate their experience and willingness to share the misfortune of a loved one. This is a lesson for all of us.

The theme of the cruelty of teenagers in relation to their peers, not like everyone else. Lena Bessoltseva became the object of ridicule in the class. Her classmates staged a boycott, and then committed a terrible deed: they burned an effigy depicting a girl at the stake. Iron Button, Redhead, Shaggy and other peers of Lena, who arranged difficult trials for the girl, I think, received a lesson for life.

The heroine of the story says to her classmates: “To be honest, I feel sorry for you. Poor you, poor people." What did Lena Bessoltseva mean and is she right? Yes, right: her peers are poor not only in their way of life (lack of interests, empty pastime, primitive entertainment), but also in their spiritual qualities (rude, indifferent to someone else's misfortune, envious, cruel).

3) A. Platonov. "Unknown Flower"

This story is about a flower that grew among stones and clay. He worked hard, overcame a lot of obstacles to light up with living fire. The flower really wanted to live. It took a lot of willpower, relentless stubbornness to survive.

A. Platonov in his fairy tale claims that one must work hard in order to live and not die, in order to shine a bright fire on others and call to oneself with a silent voice the joys of life.

“Really, adults are very strange people,” we can repeat after the Little Prince. Often adults do not understand their children at all. Weren't they small themselves? Why do they not always answer children's questions, do not listen to their child?

The little prince lived alone on a very small planet with only volcanoes. Every morning the hero cleaned his volcanoes, weeded the ground so that baobabs would not grow. And people, instead of maintaining order on their planet, cultivating their garden, decorating their home, wage wars, insult the beauty of life with their greed. The little prince claims that it is necessary to restore order on his planet and work every day.

The little prince goes on a journey. He finds himself on planets inhabited by a king and an ambitious man, a drunkard and a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. The hero does not linger on any of them, because he sees vices, but does not understand and does not accept them. Lust for power and ambition, drunkenness and greed, fatalism and ignorance - all this prevents people from living. Only on Earth, having met a snake, a flower and a fox, does the Little Prince learn wisdom: "Only the heart is vigilant." The hero returns to his planet, to Rose, whom he has already tamed.

This tale teaches us to be “responsible for those who have been tamed”, that only with the heart can one feel love, that a person is threatened with loneliness among the crowd, that one who has no roots is doomed to loneliness.

5) Sasha Cherny. The story on a moonlit night.

This story is about home, loneliness and happiness. All the characters, except for the children, are homeless and rootless. They lack happiness. And it is so necessary for everyone, because life is given to a person for happiness. The gardener dreams of buying back the house where he was born. Lydia Pavlovna, sitting by the sea, recalls the last time she was madly and simply happy. But happiness is always there, you just need to be able to find it. The author leads readers to this conclusion.

The idea of ​​the story is the pursuit of happiness, the ability to be happy in the world under the sun and moon with other people, nature.

6) K. Paustovsky. "Telegram".

“Be a man,” says Paustovsky. “Repay good for good!” We must not forget about the closest, dearest people who need your attention, care, warmth, kind words, otherwise it may be too late. This happened to the main character of the story, Nastya, who, due to the eternal bustle, lack of time to write and come, did not see her mother for three years. And Katerina Petrovna was waiting for her only daughter, but she never did. The villagers saw off the old woman on their last journey, and the daughter was late for the funeral, cried all night and left the village early (it was a shame in front of people). Nastya did not have time to ask for forgiveness from her mother.

7) A. Green. "Green lamp".

The story that a person must build his own destiny, overcoming difficulties, and not passively wait for good luck, not turn into another person's "toy". John Eve becomes a doctor at the end of the story. He managed to keep his dignity and fulfilled his dream. Yes, a person is not a toy of fate, but its creator, if he has the desire and will to achieve something, if he works and believes in himself and his strength.

Part 4 (Book by V.N. Aleksandrov and O.I. Aleksandrova "Encyclopedia of Arguments")

By creating this book, we wanted to help students successfully pass the unified state exam in the Russian language. In the process of preparing for the essay, a seemingly strange circumstance became clear at first glance: many high school students cannot substantiate this or that thesis with any examples. Television, books, newspapers, information from school textbooks, all this mighty flow of information should, as it were, provide the student with the necessary material. Why does the hand of the writing essay helplessly freeze in the place where it is necessary to argue a personal position?

The problems that a student experiences when trying to substantiate this or that statement are rather caused not by the fact that he does not know some information, but by the fact that he cannot apply the information he knows in the right way. There are no arguments "from birth", the statement acquires the function of an argument when it proves or refutes the truth or falsity of the thesis. An argument in an essay on the Unified State Examination in the Russian language acts as a certain semantic part that follows after some statement (everyone knows the logic of any proof: theorem - justification - conclusion),

In a narrow sense - in relation to the essay on the exam, an example should be considered an argument, which is designed in a certain way and occupies an appropriate place in the composition of the text.

An example is a fact or special case used as a starting point for a subsequent generalization or to reinforce a generalization made.

The example is not just a fact, but typical fact, i.e., a fact that reveals a certain trend, serving as the basis for a certain generalization. The typing function of the example explains its widespread use in argumentation processes.

In order for an example to be perceived not as a separate statement representing some information, but as an argument, it must be arrange composition: it must occupy a subordinate position in the semantic hierarchy in relation to the affirmed, serve as material for the deduced provisions.

Our encyclopedia of arguments contains several thematic headings, each of which is divided into the following sections:

1. Problems

2. Approving theses that need to be substantiated

3. Quotes (they can be used both to expand the introduction and to create the final part of the essay)

4. Examples that can be used to argue the general thesis.

Perhaps someone will be confused by the obvious identity of the arguments from different thematic headings. But after all, any social problem, ultimately, comes down to a naked confrontation between good and evil, life and death, and these universal categories draw into their orbit all the diversity of human manifestations. Therefore, speaking, for example, about the need to protect nature, we must also talk about love for the motherland and the moral qualities of a person.