The concept of need and their classification. What are human needs: basic types The most important human need

Basic human needs - stability and comfort

I have already mentioned in my articles about human needs and the importance of recognizing them, both in ourselves and in the people with whom we are in contact. This will give us the opportunity to better understand our own goals, and we will also learn to understand the behavior and actions of other people.

Let's try to understand the needs of a person in more detail. Everything we do in life, all our actions and deeds are aimed at satisfying some of our needs.

Stability and comfort

Consider physiological needs. Everything that we need to physically survive has gathered here. We cannot survive without food, without water, without a roof over our heads, without rest, without sleep; we need health, sex drive, and so on. Every person, whoever he is, a homeless person or a millionaire, has the same needs for survival. The presence of money creates only greater comfort of living. But both the homeless and the millionaire want to eat, only one gets food, rummaging through garbage containers, and the millionaire eats in a restaurant. The difference is that a homeless person is forced to take action to satisfy his need, and a millionaire, most likely, does not focus on food at all.

But as soon as our millionaire gets alone on a desert island, his unsatisfied need for food crawls to the fore, it will not give him peace, he will not be able to think about anything else, all other problems will fade into the background until he finds at least something - anything edible.

Security Needs- the second most important group of needs is everything that provides us with a safe life, that protects us from various threats, and relieves us of various fears. We strive for security, stability, constancy, correctness, because we want to be sure that no one and nothing threatens our life. We don’t want a brick to fall on our heads, we don’t want our plane to be hijacked by terrorists or not to land at all, we don’t want to be left without income, and we are worried that we will be put out on the street. We need confidence that doctors really treat us, and teachers really teach our children and much, much more.

The instability of the world around us often has a very negative effect on our confidence in life and gives rise to many fears in us. Therefore, we are afraid of uncertainty and prefer stability (stagnation) to new and incomprehensible changes in life.

Love and relationships

It's a need feel love and install relationships with other people. We experience the need for love throughout our lives from the very moment of our birth. First, we need the care and love of our parents, otherwise we simply will not survive in this world - we simply cannot survive alone. Then every day more and more new faces appear in our lives with whom we have some kind of relationship.

It is through contacts with these people that we get to know life, we learn that the world is different and the people in it are different. We begin to form our own attitude to this world, which is manifested in our behavior. Then a kindergarten, school, institute, work - we are already becoming part of some kind of team. And we strive to become part of this team, we do not want to be thrown out of it. Moreover, we need good relationships with other people. So in our life there are both friends and enemies, friends and just acquaintances.

And, finally, a person appears in our life who becomes dearer to us than everyone else, closer and dearer - romantic love enters our life. Every person, even if he tries to deny it, feels the need for communication, and all people strive for each other in the hope of love, respect and recognition.

Significance

It's a need feel important Every person wants to be important, necessary. It is, firstly, the need for self-respect. Of course, we want to be self-confident, we want to feel competent, to be proud of our skills and our achievements, our independence and freedom. On the other hand, the need for evaluations from others is no less important for us.

We are not indifferent to how we are evaluated, what our prestige and reputation is, whether our achievements are recognized, how we are received in society and what signs of attention are given to us. Significance is our litmus test, with which we test our goals and the correctness of their direction. Significance comes when we compare ourselves to others. We can feel important because we have achieved something, built something, succeeded in something, or conversely, we can achieve importance by destroying everything in our path and disproving someone or something.

And even our homeless person is not at all indifferent to how his “colleagues in misfortune” will react if he manages to get much more food.

Diversity

This need for curiosity, in the desire to learn and understand something new for yourself. Another aspect of this need is diversification into your daily life. Our life will become completely monotonous and boring if we perform the same actions every day. If we serve fried potatoes for dinner every evening, then, no matter how appetizing it may be, our family will refuse to have dinner literally on 3-4 days. This also includes the need for a periodic change of some of our activities.

If we do the same work for a long time, it turns into a routine, and we lose the desire to do it, our efficiency drops, and we switch to something more pleasant for ourselves, diversify our being. It can be a coffee break, watching some kind of television program, or maybe a vacation on the Cote d'Azur or a walk through the streets in Paris. Diversity also includes our desire to overcome obstacles and solve difficult situations. We all need all of these needs to be met, but we value them differently. If for us the need for stability is more valuable, then everything in our life will obey this need. We will work in one place for many years, live in the walls dear to our hearts, we don’t change friends like gloves, we don’t change spouses, but any cardinal changes in life take us out of our comfort zone and bring heartache.

Conversely, if we value diversity more, then we will have a completely different lifestyle and different goals. We are easy-going, we change many professions, we do not like everything that binds our actions, we get tired of constant relationships, we love to travel. When, for example, in a married couple - one spouse loves stability, and the second variety, unsolvable situations will naturally arise in the family. A simple example - one wants to buy a summer house, and the other spouse becomes terribly afraid of the prospect of spending all weekends in the garden, and he will resist such an acquisition in every possible way. But discomfort can also arise within the person himself, if he simultaneously has a great need for stability, and a need for diversity. A person will not know which of the needs to satisfy in the first place, so he will stagnate.

The need for significance is also poorly compatible with the need for relationships. It is hard to love someone who constantly considers himself important. Therefore, there are many successful people who, while satisfying their need for significance, have problems in personal relationships and often feel that they themselves love insincerely and shallowly. Once we figure out what are the most important needs we are meeting, we can clearly see what needs to be changed to increase our happiness levels in our lives and feelings of satisfaction in our relationships.

For the normal existence of a person on earth, he needs to satisfy his needs. All living beings on the planet have needs, but most of all they have a reasonable individual.

Types of human needs

organic. These needs are connected with the development of man, with his self-preservation. Organic needs include many needs: food, water, oxygen, optimal ambient temperature, procreation, sexual desires, existence security. These needs are also present in animals. Unlike our smaller brothers, a person needs, for example, hygiene, culinary processing of food and other specific conditions;

material Needs are based on their satisfaction with the help of products created by people. These include: clothing, housing, transport, household appliances, tools, as well as everything that is necessary for work, leisure, everyday life, knowledge of culture. In other words, a person needs the goods of life;

social. This type is associated with the need for communication, position in society, a certain position in life, gaining respect, authority. A person cannot exist on his own, so he needs to communicate with other people. emerged from the development of human society. Thanks to such needs, life becomes the most secure;

creative types of needs represent satisfaction in different artistic, scientific, technical. People are very different. There are those who cannot live without creativity. They even agree to give up something else, but they cannot exist without it. Such a person is a high personality. Freedom to engage in creativity for them is above all;

moral self-improvement and psychological development - these are the types in which he ensures his growth in the cultural and psychological direction. In this case, a person strives to become deeply moral and morally responsible. Such needs contribute to the introduction of people to religion. Moral self-improvement and psychological development become the dominant needs for people who have reached a high level of personality development.

In the modern world, it is very popular among psychologists. Its presence speaks of the highest level of human psychological development. Human needs and their types can change over time. There are desires that need to be suppressed in oneself. We are talking about the pathology of psychological development, when a person has needs of a negative nature. These include painful conditions in which a person has a desire to inflict pain on another, both physical and moral.

Considering the types of needs, we can say that there are those without which a person cannot live on earth. But there are some that you can do without. Psychology is a subtle science. Each individual needs a special approach. The question is, why do some people have particularly pronounced needs, while others have others? Some like to work, others don't, why? The answer must be sought in generic genetics or in lifestyle.

Species can also be divided into biological, social, ideal. The classification of needs has a wide variety. The need for prestige and recognition in society appeared. In conclusion, it can be said that it is impossible to establish a complete list of human needs. The hierarchy of needs is different. Satisfying the needs of the basic level implies the formation of the rest.

Earlier we said that the subject of needs can be the physical (object-oriented needs), social (subject-oriented needs) and cultural (person-oriented needs) aspects of the world. Accordingly, as a result of satisfaction of needs, certain bodily (physiological), social and personal changes occur. These changes can be reflected in consciousness (for example, a change in the state of consciousness when taking psychoactive substances or the joy of achieving a high social status) or proceed without the participation of consciousness (keeping the sclera of the eye moist). Needs can be met both passively (for example, when the temperature drops, the blood capillaries in the skin narrow) and actively (moving to a warmer place). Moreover, the active form of satisfaction can be instinctive or active form.

It should be noted that a person's way of actively implementing any need is of a sociocultural nature. For example, a person does not tear a raw piece of meat with his hands, but prepares a steak from it, which he eats with a knife and fork. The basic specificity of human needs (compared to representatives of the animal world) is as follows:

1) a person is able to produce new items to meet his needs (for example, to invent synthetic fibers);
2) at a certain stage of his development, he acquires the possibility of arbitrary regulation of needs (for example, he can go on a hunger strike in protest);
3) new needs are constantly formed in its activities;
4) a person is included in the dynamics of objectification and deobjectification of his existing needs, i.e. can change (including consciously choose) the objects of needs.

From the point of view of adequate satisfaction of the need, the processes of their objectification And deobjectification. In the act of objectifying a need, a motive is born. The essence of the process of objectification of needs is the meeting of a living being with the world, when the internal readiness for action acquires a specific direction - it becomes an activity. Activity is always motivated, i.e. determined by the motive - the subject to which it is directed. The possibility of the opposite process - disobjectification of needs - provides flexibility and variability of behavior both with changes in the external world (environment of animals or human life conditions), and in connection with changes in the subject himself, which is especially important for the life of the individual.

Instinctive satisfaction of needs

From the point of view of evolution, the most significant needs have acquired fixed ways of satisfaction in phylogenesis. Need-satisfying behavior that is carried out on the basis of innate programs is called instinctive behaviour. Instinctive satisfaction of needs is homeostatic in nature. The principle of homeostasis is chronologically the first explanatory principle of the mechanism of action of need. It consists in affirming the body's tendency to maintain a constant optimal for a representative of this type of internal state of the body. In homeostatic concepts, the need is thought of as a stress that the body seeks to minimize.

The realization of an instinct is a chain of fixed actions that is initiated by innate and specific to a given animal species. signal stimulus, those. some aspect of the environment (color, size, smell, etc.), and not a holistic object. For example, in the male of a small fish - three-spined smelt - during the mating season, the abdomen becomes bright red. The red spot on the abdomen of the fish acts as a signal stimulus that triggers instinctive territorial defense behavior in other males. During the breeding season, male smelt will make formidable attacks even on a rough model with a red spot, while maintaining complete indifference towards the male of his species, in which the redness will be masked.

The classical concept of instinctive behavior was formulated by K. Lorentz and N. Tinbergen, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1973. Scientists argued that both internal and environmental factors are important for the realization of instinct. The model proposed by Lorentz and Tinbergen is called hydromechanical model of motivation (Fig. 4.2).

Instinctive behavior of a certain type may be initiated under various conditions. Firstly, such a large amount of "energy" of instinct can accumulate in the "reservoir" that behavior begins to unfold without the influence of external stimuli. Thus, hunger forces the animal to seek food, even when nothing in the external environment reminds of it; and some birds perform highly elaborate mating dances in the absence of a potential mate, simply because "the time has come."

Rice. 4.2.

1 - a reservoir in which the "energy" of activation is accumulated, which is different for each need. The accumulation of energy is associated with the physiological state of the body; 2 - external signal stimuli ("weights"); 3, 3", 3" - options for the intensity of the implementation of instinctive behavior; 4 - threshold for triggering instinctive behavior

Secondly, a sufficiently high degree of activation lowers the threshold for triggering instinctive behavior, and a signal stimulus of low intensity is triggered. A striking example of such a mechanism is salmon migration (A. Hasler, 1960). Pacific salmon are born in the streams of the western United States and Canada. Then the fry, along with the current, go to the Pacific Ocean. Two years later, when the required level of sex hormones accumulates in their bodies, salmon rush back to their birthplace. The implementation of the sexual instinct of salmon includes an orientation to the minimum concentration of chemicals in the native stream, which gives them the opportunity to accurately choose the direction and go to spawn where they need to. Prepubescent fish remain indifferent to this kind of signaling stimuli, while mature fish show fantastic sensitivity: literally a drop of native water is enough to trigger instinctive behavior.

Rice. 4.3.

With instinctive motivation, the process of objectifying a need often has the character imprinting, those. instantaneous and irreversible finding by the need of its subject. The discovery of the phenomenon of imprinting belongs to Douglas Spolding (D. Spolding, 1875), who, observing the development of chickens hatched from eggs, found that in the first days after birth, chickens follow any moving object. They seem to "consider" him their mother and subsequently demonstrate affection for him. However, Spaulding's observations were not appreciated during his lifetime and became widely known only in the 1950s.

K. Lorentz repeated and significantly expanded Spaulding's data. He believed that the phenomenon of imprinting is possible only at a strictly defined stage of development of the organism ( sensitive periods ). The chick shows a pronounced following reaction (mother imprinting) only in the period of 5–25 hours after hatching from the egg. After the end of this period, when a similar object approaches, he is more likely to show a reaction of fear. The presence of sensitive periods for the instinctive objectification of needs is biologically expedient. Indeed, the creature that the cub sees immediately after birth is most likely to be its mother, and the one who comes later can be a dangerous predator. In turn, the mother also observes the imprinting of her cub. So, goats have a special sensitivity to the smell of a cub, which quickly disappears. If a goat is replaced during this sensitive period, then, according to the data of P. Klopfer and J. Gamble, the goat will perceive him as his own, and turn away his own cub (P. Klopfer, J. Gamble, 1966).

The question of the presence of instinctive behavior in humans is still debatable. There is evidence that phenomena similar to imprinting in animals are also observed in humans. The term " bonding " is used to refer to the process of the emergence of emotional attachment between parents and a newborn, which is formed in the first hours and days after birth. For example, fathers who were present at the birth of their children and had the opportunity to communicate with them in the first hours of life subsequently showed much more love and participation An alternative interpretation of these results is that such men were generally more interested in fatherhood and that this influenced their attitude towards children.

Another study showed that mothers who were in the same room with an infant for three days after giving birth, even after several years, showed significantly higher attachment to their children than those to whom infants were brought only for feeding. There is also evidence that people who have spent childhood together have no sexual attraction to each other. This fact is associated with the operation of a mechanism similar to inbreeding imprinting in animals: since inbreeding is evolutionarily dangerous, animals avoid their family counterparts when pairing, imprinting them in the early period of life.

Despite the important role of instinctive behavior for biological evolution, it is obvious that, at the human level, life-long forms of satisfying needs play an incomparably greater role than innate ones. This is especially significant in the process of deobjectification of needs, i.e. when a need changes its object. As already mentioned above, the classical idea of instinct includes the idea of irreversible nature imprinting - the formation of a rigid motivational connection with the object. Although outwardly similar phenomena can be observed in human behavior (some men, for example, fall in love only with blondes), in fact, one can speak of “instincts” in a person only in a metaphorical sense: human activity is motivated not by isolated characteristics of the environment, but by a holistic picture of the world , which has semantic and value dimensions.

Activity satisfaction of needs

In human life, the instinctive way of satisfying needs (if it exists at all) is a vestige rather than a predominant form. A person is included in a constant chain of activity in which he not only satisfies his needs, but also creates new ones. We can say that a person acts as a "producer" of his motives. A person sets goals (conscious ideas about the required future) and is guided by them no less than by the current situation.

One of the ways to generate new motives in activity is the mechanism shifting the motive to the goal, described by A. N. Leontiev. In this case, a new motive arises from the goal of an action that was previously a component of another activity. Let us explain the operation of this mechanism with an example. A student goes to a lecture by a new teacher, attracted by the intriguing title of his course. She is driven by cognitive motivation, as well as the achievement motive, as she wants to master everything necessary for her future profession in the best possible way. These two motives inherent in our heroine were embodied in action - going to a lecture. But when she enters the classroom, she discovers that the new teacher is a very attractive young man. From that day on, she does not miss a single one of his lectures, and even those that are read at other faculties and are not included in her curriculum; the teacher acquires a motivating force for her in itself, as a person of interest to her. There was a shift of the motive to the goal, i.e. what at first was for the student the goal of a specific action (listening to a course) within the framework of a higher-level activity (learning and mastering a profession), has now turned into an independent motive (to see this person). Using this example, it is convenient to explain another important division in the activity approach into external And internal activity motives: internal motives are those that coincide in content with the activity being performed, and external motives are those that go beyond its scope. In our case, the internal motives of the student remain the motives of learning and achievement (after all, the girl has not ceased to be interested in her profession and has not become less inquisitive), coinciding with what she actually does (goes to college and attends lectures). The external motive for her was the attractiveness of the teacher. At first glance, this motive has nothing to do with learning activity, but in fact it additionally encourages and supports it.

The needs of a person necessary for his life activity are water, air, nutrition and protection from environmental hazards. These needs are called basic because they are necessary for the body.

Basic needs differ from others in that their deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome - dysfunction or death. In other words, it is what is needed for a safe and healthy life (e.g. food, water, shelter).

In contact with

In addition to this, people have needs of a social nature: communication in a family or group. Needs can be psychological or subjective, such as the need for self-esteem and respect.

Needs are a need experienced and perceived by a person. When this need is supported by purchasing power, it can become an economic demand.

Types and description of needs

As it is written in the 6th grade social science textbook, needs are divided into biological, necessary for anyone to live, and spiritual, which are necessary for understanding the world around us, gaining knowledge and skills, achieving harmony and beauty.

For most psychologists, a need is a psychological function that prompts action, giving purpose and direction to behavior. It is a felt and perceived need or need.

Basic needs and human development (driven by the human condition) are few, finite, and classified as distinct from the conventional notion of ordinary economic "desires" that are endless and insatiable.

They are also constant in all human cultures, and over historical periods of time can be understood as a system, that is, they are interconnected and interactive. There is no hierarchy of needs in this system (beyond the basic need for existence or survival), since simultaneity, complementarity, and trade-offs are features of the satisfaction process.

Needs and wants are the subject of interest and form a common substratum for sections:

philosophy;
biology;
psychology;
social sciences;
economy;
marketing and politics.

The well-known academic model of needs was proposed by the psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. His theory suggests that humans have a hierarchy of psychological desires that range from basic physiological or lower needs such as food, water and security to higher ones such as self-fulfillment. People tend to spend most of their resources (time, energy and finances) trying to satisfy basic needs before higher desires.

Maslow's approach is a generalized model for understanding motivation in a wide variety of contexts, but can be adapted to specific contexts. One difficulty with his theory is that concepts of "needs" can change radically among different cultures or between different parts of the same society.

The second notion of necessity is presented in the work of the professor of political economy Yana Gou, which published information on human needs in the context of social assistance provided by the welfare state. Together with Professor of Medical Ethics Len Doyle, he also published The Theory of Human Need.

Their view goes beyond the emphasis on psychology, it can be said that the needs of the individual represent a "cost" in society. One who cannot meet his needs will function poorly in society.

According to Gou and Doyle, everyone has an objective interest in preventing serious harm that prevents him from striving to achieve his vision of what is good. This drive requires the ability to participate in a social setting.

In particular, each individual must have physical health and personal autonomy. The latter includes the ability to make informed choices about what to do and how to implement it. This requires mental health, cognitive skills and the ability to participate in society and make collective decisions.

Needs Satisfaction Issues

Researchers identify twelve broad categories of "intermediate needs" that define how needs for physical health and personal autonomy are met:

adequate food and water;
adequate housing;
safe working environment;
cloth;
safe physical environment;
appropriate medical care;
childhood safety;
meaningful primary relationships with others;
physical security;
economic security;
safe birth control and childbearing;
appropriate basic and intercultural education.

How satisfaction details are determined

Psychologists point to the rational identification of need, using modern scientific knowledge, consideration of the actual experiences of people in their daily lives, and democratic decision making. Satisfaction of human needs cannot be imposed "from above".

Individuals with greater intrinsic assets (such as education, mental health, physical strength, etc.) are better able to meet their wants and needs.

Other types

In their works Karl Marx defined people as "needy beings" who experienced suffering in the process of learning and working to meet their needs, which were both physical and moral, emotional and intellectual necessities.

According to Marx, the development of people is characterized by the process of satisfying their needs, they develop new desires, implying that in some way they create and remake their own nature. If people satisfy their need for food through crop and animal husbandry, then a higher level of social self-knowledge is required to satisfy spiritual thirst.

People differ from other animals because their life activity, work is dictated by the satisfaction of needs. They are universal natural beings capable of turning all nature into the object of their needs and their activities.

The conditions for people, as social beings, are given by labor, but not only by work, since it is impossible to live without relationships with others. Work is a social activity because people work with each other. Humans are also free beings, capable of reaching objective possibilities generated by social evolution during their lifetime based on their conscious decisions.

Freedom should be understood both in a negative sense (freedom to decide and establish relationships) and in a positive sense (dominion over natural forces and the development of human creativity of basic human forces).

Summing up, it should be noted that the main interrelated features of people are as follows:

people are conscious beings;
people are social beings.

Humans tend to be universal, which manifests itself in the three previous traits and makes them natural-historical, universal conscious entities.

Rosenberg's Necessity Model

Model Marshall Rosenberg"Compassionate Communication", known as "Hate Communication", distinguishes between universal needs (what sustains and motivates human life) and the specific strategies used to meet one's needs. Feelings are perceived neither as good nor bad, neither right nor wrong, but as indicators of whether human needs are being met or not. Essential needs are highlighted.

People also talk about the needs of the community or organization. These may include demand for a particular type of business, for a particular government program or organization, or for people with special skills. This example presents the logical problem of reification.

Speaking of human needs, they mean different types of needs which are both conscious and unconscious.

They are the source of generations of feelings, emotions, desires, aspirations and a catalyst for activity in order to satisfy them.

What it is?

What does the term "need" mean? Human survival depends on the availability of appropriate conditions and means.

If at a certain moment they are absent - this is causes a state of need.

Ultimately, the human body begins to respond to irritating factors and show activity, since by nature it is programmed to preserve life and further survival.

The state of need, leading to the activity of the subject, is called need.

Not a single living being on the planet there are not as many needs as people. In order to realize them, a person is forced to act actively, as a result of which he develops and cognizes the world around him in different directions.

Satisfying a need is accompanied by positive emotions, otherwise negative ones.

Regardless of gender, nationality or position in society, every person has needs. Some of their types appear at birth, others in the course of later life.

With age, the list of needs changes. Among the primary include the need for air, water, food, sex. Secondary needs are directly related to psychology. These include the need for respect, success, recognition.

Classification

The question related to human needs has been studied by many scientists and at different times. In this regard, there are many theories and interpretations that describe the relationship between needs, needs and the process of their satisfaction in different ways.

Main types of needs:

According to Simonov

In the scientific work of psychologist P. V. Simonov, the following classification of human needs is given:

For others;
for myself.

Ideal needs, consisting in the desire to know the truth, do not contain such a division.

Since the true meaning of things and processes implies them the only form.

In the study of human needs in our time, an integrated approach and a full arsenal of scientific methods are used.

Without knowing the reliable reasons for the origin and formation of needs and the degree of their influence on brain activity, it is impossible to effectively solve the following tasks:

prevention and treatment of mental disorders;
prevention of antisocial and inappropriate behavior;
right upbringing.

Concept of hierarchy

Hierarchy of needs brought psychologist Abraham Maslow. He arranged numerous needs and desires of people in a form that clearly demonstrated his scientific view on this problem. In the pyramid, Maslow placed needs as they increase.

The scientist was sure that while an individual is in dire need of primitive things, he does not think about the needs of a higher level. Maslow gave examples to prove his theory.

The individual begins to search for a social group, belonging to which could satisfy his desires and save him from loneliness.

The fourth level is associated with prestigious needs of people. These are the needs that a person satisfies as a result of his activity. These include:

Each member of society needs recognition of his abilities and talents from those around him. Human seeks self-respect and begins to believe in his own strength when he achieves certain results in life.

They are on the fifth level. Here are:

self-identification;
self-expression;
self-realization;
self-affirmation;
self-development.

Maslow is convinced that the need for self-expression manifests itself in a person only after all lower needs are fully satisfied.

In accordance with the theory of the scientist, the individual acts in strict accordance with the hierarchy given in the pyramid. Most people do just that.

However, there are exceptions. There is a narrow group of individuals who put their ideals above everyday problems.

This includes people of science and art, striving for self-realization and development, despite deprivation and hunger. Typically, these individuals have personal hierarchy of needs by which they live.

Differences between lower and higher

What is the difference between higher and lower needs? Lower needs are associated with natural needs of the body.

The need for basic conditions for survival - food, air, water - is determined by nature itself.

What are the highest needs? higher needs go far beyond necessary for physical survival and to support the functioning of the body.

The individual's need for development, care for other people and love, self-realization is no longer just a series of important needs, but a list of values that are not directly related to the needs of the body.

Objects and means of satisfaction

For physical survival and a comfortable existence, a person needs to satisfy needs. To achieve this goal, people learn different means and learn different ways to achieve what they want.

Goods are the objects and means of satisfying human needs. These are things or means that are designed to satisfy certain human needs.

In this capacity are:

spiritual;
intellectual,
educational and informational.

Detection Options

How can people's needs be identified? Natural needs are most fully described by Maslow.

They characteristic of the vast majority of people. An effective way to identify needs is to carefully analyze the characteristics and actions of a particular person:

motive;
dominant;
customs;
skills;
tastes.

Natural needs are an integral part of human existence. It does not matter what level he is at the moment and what he needs.

If you have difficulty meeting basic needs, the individual to go down a step. And it will stay there until it fully satisfies this need.

Fundamental human needs and their satisfaction: