Daniel Defoe (c.1660-1731)
This name ranks among the best writers not only in England, but probably in the whole world.
A merchant and traveler, advisor to kings and governments, secret agent in England and Scotland, father of many children and a rich man, he was persecuted by the authorities more than once, and was pilloried several times.
and were even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system .
Parents' dream
The father decided to make a son
religious preacher
Education
He studied at J. Fisher's school in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.
Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe
In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.
For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of a hosiery factory, then first a manager, and then the owner of a brick and tile factory.
It is known that in the period before 1685, on the way between Harwich and Holland, Defoe was captured by Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.
Bankruptcy
In 1684 Defoe married Mary Tuffley, who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £3,700.
Public punishment
Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.
Air Crow
Defoe - editor
Defoe began editing the Review, a periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in the Review are the best known.
In 1719, without stopping his active journalistic work, Defoe began to write prose.
It is no secret that Defoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then the Earl of Oxford, Robert Harley.
"Adventures Robinson Crusoe"
One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe is “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe.”
The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself"
First edition of the novel.
On the left is an engraving of Clark and Pine,
redrawn by Jean Granville in 1840
Prototype
In 1712, the book of the English captain Rogers, “A Voyage Around the World,” was published in London, which told about the incident that happened on January 31, 1709: “...We approached the island of Juan Fernandez. Our boat brought to the ship a man dressed in goatskins, which had a wilder appearance than their original owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander Selkirk."
Returning to his homeland, Selkirk said: “Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days...”
Geographical location of the islands
Island
Alexandra Selkirk
Alexander Selkirk
In October 1704, Selkirk, after a quarrel with the captain of the galleon Cinque Ports, was landed on the deserted island of Mas a Tierra or Aquas Buenas (now called Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Fernandez archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from the coast of Chile.
Alexander Selkirk/
Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721)
Alexander Selkirk born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy coastal corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where from an early age he had to help his elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly drawn to the Red Lion tavern, located not far from their house. Experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fairy-tale lands and seen many wonders there.
Robinson Crusoe Island (the old name of Robinson Crusoe Island is Mas a Tierra Island)
The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located
667 kilometers away
west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.
Story
Alexandra Selkirk
Story
1. Born in 1711.
Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.
4.He went on a voyage as a boatswain for gold.
3. After being captured by pirates, he was sold into slavery and escaped a few years later.
4. He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.
5. He came to the island of his own free will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.
6. Lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
7. Was rescued by a ship captured by pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).
8. Became a rich man and decided to stay in England.
Novel about Robinson
The famous novel “The Life, Extraordinary and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was written by Defoe in his 58th year and was published on April 25, 1719. The book sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.
First of all
"Robinson Crusoe" is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and fled from his parents' home in order to entrust his fate to the game of chance that involved dangerous journeys on land and sea.
Novel about Robinson
- Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe turned into a literary epic consisting of three parts.
- In the second part (1720), called “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” and received much more coolly by the public, the hero once again goes on his wanderings: he visits his favorite island, makes a trip around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
- The third part of the epic, entitled “Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World” (1721), is not a complete work of fiction, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious topics.
Illustrations to the novel
Illustrations to the novel
Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.
(“The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. He lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died. Except for him alone, with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself")
Moderatomoderatorr
2.Who was the prototype of Robinson Crusoe?
(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander
Selkirk, who lived on the uninhabited island of Mas a Tierra, 400 kilometers from Chile, for more than four years.)
4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first went on a sea voyage?
5. The English of the 17th-18th centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands; name the reason why one could be a resident of the island.
(The English fleet had a cruel custom of leaving sailors who had done something wrong on the islands.)
6. What animals did you take?
from R. Crusoe's ship?
1. Two cats and a dog.
2. Guinea pigs.
3. Parrot.
Two cats and a dog
8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?
1Saturday.
2. Monday.
3. Friday.
3. Friday.
7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot first?
1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you end up? 2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home". 3. “We will return home.”
- “Poor, poor Robinson.
Where did you end up?
9. Who did Robinson take with him when he left the island?
1. Cat and dog. 2. Friday and the parrot. 3. Friday and the dog.
Friday and a parrot.
10. How many years have you lived?
on the island of R. Crusoe?
1. 28 years old. 2. 32 years old. 3. 15 years old.
How many trips to the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?
twelve
What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?
In the first three years I wore
shirt and trousers,
then I sewed my own clothes
from the skins of the dead
im animals
Why did Robinson sew his umbrella and clothes with the fur on the outside?
So that rainwater can
flow down the fur as if down an inclined plane
Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?
On the tree.
He was afraid of wild animals
Prototype
In 1712, a book by an English captain was published in London
Rogers
“A Voyage Around the World,” which told about an incident that happened on January 31, 1709: “...We approached the island
Juan Fernandez
. Our boat brought to the ship a man dressed in goat skins, which had a wilder appearance than their original owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander
Selkirk
».
Returning to my homeland,
Selkirk
declared: “Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days...”
Geographical location of the islands
Island
Alexandra
Selkirk
9. Who did Robinson take with him when he left the island?
1. Cat and dog.
2. Friday and the parrot.
3. Friday and the dog.
Friday and the parrot
.
Born under the name
Daniel
Foe
around 1660
Cripplegate
. Died April 26, 1731
Moorfields
. His father was a butcher. Around 1703 Daniel changed his surname to Defoe.
4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first went on a sea voyage?
18 years
What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?
In the first three years I wore
shirt and trousers,
then I sewed my own clothes
from the skins of the dead
im animals
What did Robinson come up with to avoid losing track of time?
He set up a pillar and did
nicks with a knife
Daniel Defoe. Aphorisms
It's never too late to wise up.
In every situation you will find something comforting if you look hard enough.
A good adviser can bring a person back to life, he inspires courage in the faint-hearted and awakens in the human mind the ability to do the right thing.
In moments of hesitation, boldly follow the suggestion of your inner voice if you hear it, even if, apart from this voice, nothing prompted you to do as it advises you.
What ridiculous decisions does a person come to under the influence of fear! Fear takes away our ability to control the means that the mind offers to help us.
A person lacks the wisdom to rest on his laurels.
The highest degree of human wisdom is the ability to adapt to circumstances and remain calm in spite of external thunderstorms.
Fear is a disease that relaxes the soul, just as a physical illness relaxes the body.
Bankruptcy
In 1684 Defoe married Mary
Tuffles
, who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £3,700.
For some time, Defoe could be considered a relatively wealthy man, but in 1692, both his wife’s dowry and his own savings were swallowed up by bankruptcy, which claimed 17 thousand pounds sterling.
Story
Alexandra
Selkirk
Story
Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1711
year.
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.
3. After capture
He was sold into slavery by pirates and escaped a few years later.
4. Set sail as a boatswain
for gold.
4.
He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.
5. I got to the island on my own
will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.
6.
Lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.
7. Was rescued by a hijacked ship
pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
8.
He became a rich man and decided to stay in England.
3. How many volumes does the book about Robinson Crusoe consist of?
from three volumes:
1st – 1719,
2nd – 1719, - “The Further Adventures of R. Crusoe”,
3rd – 1720 – “Serious Reflections of R. Crusoe.”
7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot first?
1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you end up?
2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home".
3. “We will return home.”
“Poor, poor Robinson.
Where did you end up?
How did Robinson transport things to the island?
Robinson built a raft
Daniel Defoe
(c.1660-1731)
This name ranks among the best writers not only in England, but probably in the whole world.
A merchant and traveler, adviser to kings and governments, a secret agent in England and Scotland, a father of many children and a rich man, he was persecuted by the authorities more than once, and was pilloried several times.
and were even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system
.
Robinson Crusoe Island (old name Robinson Crusoe Island - island
Mas
-A-
Tierra
)
The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located
667 kilometers away
west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.
First of all
«
Robinson Crusoe" is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and ran away
from
parental
Houses
in order to entrust his fate to the game of chance with which dangerous journeys on land were associated
And
sea.
twelve
How many trips to the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?
Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe
In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.
For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of a hosiery factory, then first a manager, and then the owner of a brick and tile factory.
It is known that in the period before 1685 on the way between
Harwich
and Holland, Defoe was captured by Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.
"Adventures
Robinson Crusoe"
One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe is “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe.”
The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself"
First edition of the novel.
On the left is an engraving of Clark and
Payna
,
redrawn by Jean
Granville
in 1840
Illustrations for the novel
2.Who was the prototype of Robinson Crusoe?
(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander
Selkirk
who lived on a desert island
Mas a Tierra
, which is 400 kilometers from Chile, more than four years.)
8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?
1Saturday.
2. Monday.
3. Friday.
3. Friday.
10. How many years have you lived?
on the island of R. Crusoe?
1. 28 years old.
2. 32 years old.
3. 15 years old.
28 years.
Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?
On the tree.
He was afraid of wild animals
Education
He studied at J. Fisher's school in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.
Alexander
Selkirk
born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy coastal corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where from an early age he had to help his elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly drawn to the Red Lion tavern, located not far from their house. Experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fairy-tale lands and seen many wonders there.
Illustrations
to the novel
Illustrations
to the novel
6. What animals did you take?
from R. Crusoe's ship?
1. Two cats and a dog.
2. Guinea pigs.
3. Parrot
.
Two cats and a dog
What kind of utensils did Robinson use?
clay
Daniel Defoe's grave
The famous novel “The Life, Extraordinary and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was written by Defoe in his 58th year and was published on April 25, 1719. The book sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.
Novel about Robinson
Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.
Moderatomoderatorr
(“The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. He lived twenty-eight years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the river
Orinoco, where
he was cast out in a shipwreck during which the entire crew died. excluding him alone, with an account of his unexpected liberation by the pirates, written by himself")
How many boats did Robinson Crusoe build?
Two
Parents' dream
The father decided to make a son
religious preacher
Defoe - editor
Defoe began to edit "
Review
» («
Review
"), a periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in "
Review
" are best known.
In 1719, without stopping his active journalistic work, Defoe began to write prose.
It is no secret that Defoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then Earl of Oxford Robert
Harley
.
Defoe died in London on April 26, 1731.
Alexander
Selkirk
In October 1704
Selkirk
after a quarrel with the galleon captain
Cinque
Ports
was landed on a deserted island
Mas a Tierra
or
Aquas
Buenas
(now named Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Archipelago
Fernandez
in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from the coast of Chile.
Alexander
Selkirk
Alexander
Selkirk
(1676-1721)
Novel about Robinson
Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe turned into a literary epic consisting of three parts.
In the second part (1720), called “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” and received much more coolly by the public, the hero once again goes on his wanderings: he visits his favorite island, makes a trip around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
The third part of the epic, entitled “Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World” (1721), is not a complete work of fiction, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious topics.
QUIZ
5. The English of the 17th-18th centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands; name the reason why one could be a resident of the island.
(The English fleet had a cruel custom of leaving sailors who had done something wrong on the islands.)
Why did Robinson sew his umbrella and clothes with the fur on the outside?
So that rainwater can
flow down the fur as if down an inclined plane
What grains did Robinson grow from?
From barley and rice grains
Public punishment
Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.
Air
became Alexander Selkirk. The writer changed a lot in the history of Selkirk, but the fiction turned out to be more convincing than the truth.
The Story of Alexander Selkirk
The Story of Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1711.
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.
3. After being captured by pirates, he was sold into slavery and escaped a few years later.
4.He went on a voyage as a boatswain for gold.
4. He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.
5. He came to the island of his own free will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.
6. Lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.
7. Was rescued by a ship captured by pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
8. Became a rich man and decided to stay in England.
From time immemorial, books have been a source of knowledge and information about the world around us. Proverbs and sayings reflect the philosophical wisdom of the people about the role of books and reading in people's lives. A book is a man's friend. Books don't tell, but they tell the truth. A book is a book, but move your mind. The book decorates in happiness, and consoles in misfortune.
I really like the hero of Valentin Rasputin's story "French Lessons". The writer shows a gifted boy whose life is difficult. The willpower of a child is amazing. I was surprised by the boy’s phrase that he couldn’t imagine coming to school without learning some lesson. What's going on at school today? Many guys don’t do their homework for months, relying on their comrades and desk neighbors to let them copy and help on the test. There are many books, they teach us science and help us navigate life. I love reading books, it helps with my studies.
I would advise all my peers to read Daniel Defoe's book "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Robinson Crusoe." I am sure that my opinion will coincide with the opinion of people of older generations, because this book has been read for more than three hundred years, and interest in it has not waned. I think this book will appeal to everyone: lovers of adventure and fantasy, and those who are interested in the real lives of people and want to learn to understand their character and actions, and those who love descriptions of travel and distant wanderings. Defoe's book has it all! After all, it is written based on real events.
Brief summary of the book “The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died, with an account his unexpected release by pirates, written by himself.
Born into the family of a Presbyterian meat merchant, he trained to become a pastor, but was forced to abandon his church career. After graduating from Newington Academy, where he studied Greek and Latin and classical literature, he became a clerk at a wholesale hosiery merchant. On trade matters he often visited Spain and France, where he became acquainted with the life of Europe and improved his languages. Subsequently, he himself was at one time the owner of a hosiery production and then first the manager and then the owner of a large brick and tile factory, but he went bankrupt. In general, Defoe was an entrepreneur-businessman with an adventurous streak, a type common in that era. He was also one of the most active politicians of his time. A talented publicist, pamphleteer and publisher, he, without officially holding any government position, at one time had a great influence on the king and the government
“Robinson Crusoe” Robinson Crusoe is the brightest example of the so-called adventurous sea genre, the first manifestations of which can be found in English literature of the 16th century. The development of this genre, which reached its maturity in the 18th century, was determined by the development of English merchant capitalism. The story of Selkirk, who actually existed, caused a lot of noise at that time and was, of course, known to Defoe. The appearance of travel descriptions is primarily due to production and economic necessity, the need to acquire skills and experience in navigation and colonization. These books were used as guides. Based on them, geographical maps were corrected, and judgments were made about the economic and political profitability of acquiring one or another colony.
The role of the book After reading the book “Robinson Crusoe”, I realized that you have to be hardworking, otherwise you can die if you find yourself in a difficult life situation. Robinson Crusoe was hardworking and, thanks to this, he survived on the island. Robinson Crusoe was very patient. He waited for the ship to pick him up, knowing that he could not make the raft himself. He also tamed the savage and gave him the name Friday. They became fast friends, helping each other survive in difficult conditions. I would also like to have more loyal and true friends in my life.
- Teacher of Russian language and literature
- Shapovalova N.M.
- Municipal educational institution Malo-Vyazemskaya secondary school
- Lesson objectives:
- briefly talk about the life of D. Defoe and the history of the creation of the novel;
- - show the significance of the novel for the formation of personality.
- The novel "Robinson Crusoe" has been known throughout the world for about 300 years - it was published in 1719. The success was unprecedented! In the same year, 4 new editions appeared! During Defoe's lifetime, the novel went through 17 editions, books were sold for 5 shillings - considerable money at that time.
- The only illustration in the first edition of Robinson Crusoe, 1719, engraved by John Clarke and John Pine
- A modern edition with illustrations by the artist Igor Ilyinsky
- Received spiritual education. Subsequently, he himself was at one time the owner of a hosiery production and then first the manager and then the owner of a large brick and tile factory, but he went bankrupt. In general, Defoe was an entrepreneur-businessman with an adventurous streak - a type common in that era. He was also one of the most active politicians of his time.
- Daniel Defoe was born into the family of Presbyterian meat trader James Faw (1630-1712), trained to become a pastor, but was forced to abandon his church career. After graduating from Newington Academy, where he studied Greek and Latin and classical literature, he became a clerk at a wholesale hosiery merchant.
- D. Defoe wrote many books during his life, but on his tombstone there is an inscription carved: “Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe.”
- This novel became the main work of Defoe's life, the prototype of the main character was Alexander Selkirk. The writer changed a lot in the history of Selkirk, but the fiction turned out to be more convincing than the truth.
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- Alexander Selkirk Island.
- The genre of allegorical parable was popular in the literature of that time. Allegory (from ancient Greek ἀλληγορία - allegory). A parable is a short edifying story in an allegorical form, containing a moral lesson. According to this tradition, almost any narrative about the life and fate of a person implied not only a literal, but also an allegorical reading.
- Pirates and their captives
- Fate did not immediately throw Robinson onto a desert island. At first, against his parents' will, he fled from home, led a wild life, and was captured. The shipwreck became for him something like retribution for his sins.
- Ship hijacked by pirates
- Life on the island became a kind of rebirth, atonement for sins
- Alone with nature, the hero supports his existence, first by hunting, then by cattle breeding, and agriculture.
- Defoe writes with taste and thoroughness,
- how Robinson’s housing and life are arranged,
- how the hero retraces the path already taken by civilization.
- Gradually Robinson not only overcomes despair,
- but also learns to be grateful to fate for
- what was sent down to him,
- finds joy in simple things.
- Defoe introduces savages into the story,
- when Robinson achieves peace of mind,
- now he can teach others what
- what I realized myself. At first Robinson is shocked by the bloodthirstiness of the cannibal savages,
- but gradually he realizes that they simply do not know true values.
- “Re-educating” all the savages is an impossible task for one person.
- Robinson educates and “enlightens” one of them.
- The name he gave to the savage - Friday - is symbolic.
- On Friday, humanity received redemption for its sins.
- D. Defoe, using the example of his hero, showed that a person, having met face to face with nature, is able not only to survive, but also to show courage, ingenuity, and perseverance. A person is able to overcome his weakness and prove through labor his strength and limitless possibilities.
- Homework. Write an essay - an argument on the topic: “What would you take from a broken ship if you were in Robinson’s place?”
