MOU "Pronskaya secondary school"
XVIchildren's and youth competition-festival
literary creativity
"Sow a good word..."
Section of literary local history.
Report
D. M. Garmash and her book
"Love wins."
Prepared
11th grade student
Levushkina Elizabeth.
Head: Starikova G.A.
Pronsk, 2015
Plan
1.Introduction.
Dedicated to Daria Garmash...
2. The history of the creation of the book "Love Wins".
3. With love for the land (a book about our countrymen).
4. Significant dates of 2015.
You walked, hiding your grief,
The harsh way of labor.
The whole front, from sea to sea,
You fed with your bread.
M.Isakovsky
Seventy years separate us from the first bright Victory Day, but we remember that it was achieved thanks to the heroic work and those who worked in the rear. Ryazan people made a significant contribution to the common cause.
The war was a severe test for agricultural workers. And here women have become the main, decisive force.
During the war, more than 85% of the able-bodied population made up the Ryazan village. The entire burden of agricultural labor fell on the shoulders of collective farmers, workers of the MTS and state farms. The selflessness and courage shown by them in the grain field were akin to a feat of arms.
With each passing day, the war years go further and further into the past, and that is why we have no right to forget about them...
It's hard and teary on the side,
The one where the war rages.
Only a stubborn girl
Her strength is not terrible.
Who will sit still
In the terrible years of struggle?
Dasha with her friends
Tears a loaf of fate.
Bold, with a new idea,
Smart in the fields foreman
Daryushka tenderly rejoices:
"Bread, dear, come up."
Seven tractor drivers - girls
They work for the benefit of the country.
Did you measure, dumbass,
The strength of a girl in war?
Did you think that in Russia
The girls will be able to plow
Harvest throw your strength
The front could not starve?
You, who aspired to victory,
How will you pay us back?
If everyone was born here
The best, like Daria Garmash.
This poem by Ekaterina Kamenshchikova, a graduate of the Sapozhkovsky Agrarian College in 2009, is dedicated to the once famous and very respected not only in the Ryazan region, but also throughout the Soviet Union of the USSR tractor driver - shock worker D. M, Garmash. She went from a leader to the head of a large agricultural entrepreneur, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a Hero of Socialist Labor, she showed the youth of the post-war years an example of a bright personality, a strong woman, purposeful and hardworking, demanding and gentle. Heading the female tractor brigade of the Rybnovskaya MTS, Daria Garmash, together with her fighting girlfriends, overcame the most difficult living conditions of the military rear, thereby accomplishing a real labor feat. A monument was erected to them - a modest tractor, everyone passing along the Ryazan-Moscow highway can see it.
About her love for the land, for people, about the hard work that Russian women shouldered, Daria Garmash once told journalist Natalya Pentyukhova. Their meeting took place in 1968, at one of the meetings in the capital, to which D. M. Garmash was often invited as a well-deserved and respected person and which was attended by N. Pentyukhova as a museum employee, recording events of national importance in the history of the country. Almost the same age, active and purposeful, loving and caring mothers, they became spiritually close. Perhaps it was at this stage of their communication that the idea was born to write a book about the labor feat of women - tractor drivers. While working on it, N. Pentyukhova visited the Ryazan region, lived with Darya Matveevna, wrote down her memoirs, worked in the archive with the press of the war years. Many years of literary work was crowned with success - the book was published in 1973 by the publishing house "Soviet Russia" in the series "Years and People" with a dedication to the Lenin Komsomol.
Friendly relations between the two women continued until the death of Darya Matveevna in 1988. The sincerity and sincerity that united them became the hallmark of the book Love Conquers.
Oh you horses, you steel horses,
Fighting friends of the tractor,
Buzz more cheerfully, relatives, -
It's time for us to go hiking!
V. Lebedev - Kumach.
The book “Love Wins” is an autobiography of the Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, Honored Machine Operator of the RSFSR, manager of the Rybnovsky regional branch of “Selkhoztekhnika” Dariya Matveevna Garmash.
The whole story is imbued with a great love for the earth, work on it, people - the love that more than once helped a woman overcome difficulties in life, confidently walk the earth, win one victory after another.
The book takes readers back to the time of childhood and youth of Darya Garmash, when her love for the land was born, when there was a stubborn struggle to establish new orders in the life of the village, when the first collective farms had just appeared, when they went out onto the high road of life. Daria recalls: “In 1929, collective farms began to be organized ... I went to school, and in the summer and autumn, together with my family, I worked on the collective farm. Although I was only ten or eleven years old, I already helped the elders and worked out a lot of workdays. The artel was still weak, the collective farmers lived in poverty.
Then the family moved to the Rybnovsky district to the state farm Glebkovo-Divovo.
Daria Matveevna warmly talks about her peers and older comrades: Tonya Loginova, Marusa Muravyova, Steshka, Marusa Gorshkova, teacher Maria Petrovna Rusakova, Komsomol secretary Petya Zhuchkov, brother Stepan and other people, shoulder to shoulder with whom she lived and grew up, comprehended wisdom life, learned to love the earth, not to be afraid of difficulties, to be needed by people in difficult days for them.
“Our foreman was instructed to create another link of ten people in the greenhouses. In this new link, I was placed as a leader, although I was only fourteen years old. My link included girlfriends - Tanya Loginova, Nyura Bychkova, Marusya Gorshkova, a few more girls and adult women. We worked in greenhouses. This work is both difficult and responsible ... Our link was friendly, we went to work on time, there were no absenteeism, no one was lazy, they were ashamed of each other ... And none of the girls ever complained, everyone tried to fulfill their norm ... "
A significant place in the book is occupied by pages about the labor heroism of the brigade in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. The heroine simply and convincingly leads her story about her friends, their selfless work, their great desire to do as much as possible in the name of victory, heroic work to help the valiant Soviet Army in defeating the fascist invaders. “Girls,” I repeat more calmly, “we will remember that every minute counts, twenty full hours the tractor must work without interruption ... If we fill up the work, there will be no bread. And no one will give it to us. Our country alone is fighting face to face with a terrible, devilishly strong enemy! Our people, our front, our soldiers and our children need bread.” Strong female friendship, mutual assistance, constant readiness to give up personal things in the name of a common cause - all this helped the Rybnovka girls to become winners in the All-Union competition of women's tractor brigades. “We started working in a new way. In the morning, I gave each tractor driver a personal task, and after Metelkin's shift I reported how it was done ...
It was a warm sunny day. In the morning I worked in our workshop... Suddenly I see two carts coming, people walking. Evteev congratulates and gives a fresh issue of the newspaper. And I read ... The women's youth team of the Rybnovskaya MTS of the Ryazan region, headed by foreman Daria Matveevna Garmash, came out on top. The brigade was awarded the Red Banner of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and a prize of 10,000 rubles.
The book ends with an episode in which Daria Matveevna Garmash, already wise with life experience, talks with Katenka, the daughter of her friend Steshka, a representative of the younger generation who came to work in agriculture in the 70sXXcentury. The words from their dialogue became the title of the book - a stage of a long journey, carried out by a tractor driver-foreman, director of the MTS, manager of the district branch of Selkhoztekhnika.
“Yes, Katenka, love always and in everything wins ... Only the one who loves, only he wins. Not hate, not anger, not deceit, but love. Never change her! If you change your love for the land, Motherland, man, for your work - you will not be happy!
For the topic topic, for the topic topic
Gives us our amazing people,
I would like to write a poem
About the glorious collective farmer Dasha Garmash.
D. Poor
2015 is rich in anniversaries. The most important is 70 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, and another 95 years since the birth of Daria Matveevna Garmash, 40 years since the publication of D. Garmash's book “Love Wins”, which I just talked about.
Bibliography:
D.M. Garmash "Love wins", Ryazan "Priz", 2014
Newspaper "Priokskaya Pravda" 1973.
Materials of MBUK "Historical and technical museum complex "Museum of rear defense".
Garmash Daria Matveevna - manager of the Rybnovsky district association "Selkhoztekhnika" of the Ryazan region.
She was born on December 21, 1919 in the village of Staroe, Irkleyevsky district, Kiev (now Cherkasy) region of Ukraine, in a large peasant family, after the death of her father, a participant in the First World War, who died of wounds.
In 1932, due to the beginning of the famine in Ukraine, mother D.M.Garmash with her children was forced to move to her eldest son in the Rybnovsky district of the Ryazan region, where Dasha, after graduating from the 6th grade of the Glebkovsky school, as a teenager began working on the collective farm, first as a team farm, and at 15 years, led the field-farming brigade.
Inspired by the example of the Donetsk tractor driver Pasha Angelina, who organized the first women's tractor brigade in the USSR, D.M.
In 1938, the Garmash family moved to the village of Bagramovo (the central estate of the Rybnovskaya MTS), and Daria Matveevna began working in the team of A.I. Shchelkunov. In 1939, she graduated from the Sapozhkov School of Mechanics without interruption from work.
In 1941, D.M.Garmash accepted the brigade of A.I.Shchelkunov, who was appointed senior mechanic of the MTS.
In 1942, she initiated the competition of women's tractor brigades of the USSR, taking on high obligations to carry out the first military sowing, to save fuel and spare parts. Throughout the entire period of the Great Patriotic War, the brigade she led - seven tractor drivers and three U-2 tractors - worked 12 hours in two shifts - day and night, fulfilled the seasonal norm by 267 percent. The next season, the brigade issued 6 annual norms.
For 5 years, the D.M.Garmash brigade took first place in the All-Union competition out of 4 thousand Soviet women's tractor brigades, fulfilling the plan by 256%, constantly holding the passing Red Banner of the Komsomol Central Committee, which in 1946 was forever left in storage in the forward brigade .
Now this banner is in the Museum of Modern History of Russia (the former State Museum of the Revolution of the USSR) in Moscow.
In 1946, she was awarded the Stalin Prize of the third degree for a radical improvement in the methods of operating wheeled tractors, which ensured a fivefold increase in the seasonal norm of tractors with great fuel economy and high quality work.
In 1951, D.M.Garmash was appointed to the post of director of the Rybnovskaya MTS, which at that time took 67th place in the tractor repair competition.
In a short time, she managed to strengthen labor discipline and raise labor productivity, as a result of this, in February of the following year, MTS moved to 3rd place.
D.M.Garmash permanently headed this enterprise, which changed the name of MTS - RTS - RTP - since 1961, the Rybnov branch of Selkhoztekhnika.
In 1958, she was awarded the title of Honored Mechanic Operator of the RSFSR.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 8, 1971, for the outstanding successes achieved in the development of agricultural production and the implementation of the five-year plan for the sale of agricultural and livestock products to the state, she was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
In 1975, D.M.Garmash was awarded an honorary prize named after Pasha Angelina.
D.M.Garmash, being a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 2 - 4 convocations (1946 - 1958), devoted a lot of energy to public work, she contributed to the effective construction of housing stock in the village of Bagramovo, the House of Culture and the shopping center, and the reconstruction of the elementary Bagramovskaya school, which since 1963 it became eight years old, and in 1979 the first departmental kindergarten "Solnyshko" in the region was opened in the village.
A member of the AUCP(b)/CPSU since 1943, she was a delegate to the 19th Party Congress and the 1st World Congress of Women in Paris in 1945.
In 2007, Lyceum No. 21 of the workers' settlement of Sapozhok, Ryazan Region, was named after the Hero of Socialist Labor Daria Matveevna Garmash. Tractor brand "Universal - 2" is installed on a pedestal near the village of Bagramovo. Members of the brigade D.M.Garmash worked on such tractors.
She was awarded the Order of Lenin (04/08/1971), 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (02/07/1957, 01/08/1960), the Order of the Badge of Honor (12/23/1976), medals.
Composition: autobiographical book "Love Wins" (1973).
The biography was compiled on the basis of publications on the Internet of the local history museum of the Bagramovskaya secondary school and materials from the Rybnovsky regional museum of local lore in the Ryazan region.
And recently, the working machine is guarded by anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank hedgehogs. But first things first.
Tractor
The tractor can be seen from afar, thanks to the high pedestal. On the pedestal of the pedestal there is an inscription: “In the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, Soviet women accomplished a great labor feat. The first of the first to head the All-Union competition of tractor drivers was the glorious heroine of the Ryazan land Daria Garmash. This modest monument was erected by fellow countrymen at the end of 1972 as a sign of respect for women's labor feat. Even during the life of Daria Matveevna Garmash herself. Ten kilometers from Ryazan on its Moscow side, the old Universal-2 tractor reminds, like the familiar T-34 tanks, that the path to victory lay not only through battlefields, but also through arable land.
In the new millennium, like any car without a garage, the tractor began to look noticeably worse from standing in the sun, wind, rain and snow. In 2008, an off-budget fund for the reconstruction of the monument was organized. And by May 7, 2010, on the eve of the 65th anniversary of the Victory, the restored tractor was again put on a pedestal.
"Universal-2" deserved to become a monument, being the main working tool for a brigade of Stakhanovka tractor drivers. The work of female tractor drivers in the rear was equated to a feat of arms, because, working in the field, they performed a combat mission. Daria Matveevna wrote on a piece of paper from a school notebook: "Combat mission for May 5 Fomina ...". The girls worked 20 hours a day, slept for 2-3 hours during the suffering. They went to work in any weather, despite the rain, frosty winds and the scorching sun. And it is in the future that the tractor will acquire a cabin: the fact that the girls worked in the open air added to the severity of the tests for the tractor drivers. At the same time, they did not leave the fields and managed to exceed the norm several times. In memory of this, since 2004, the best machine operators of the Rybnovsky district continue the work of the best tractor driver and fight for the Darya Garmash prize.
When creating the Universal-2 tractor, Soviet developers took the American 1930s called Farmall F-20 as a basis. The mechanism was nothing special. A vertical rudder wheel rotated a long bar extending over the engine cowl. At the front end of the rod, a small diameter spur gear transmitted rotation to a large diameter spur gear, on the same axis with which a bevel gear was installed, in turn connected to a gear sector on a vertical axis passing in front of the engine to the front wheels. The vertical axis of the steering drive was connected to the steering rods of the front wheels. The front axle beam swayed in the transverse direction. The tractor moved due to a 22-horsepower four-cylinder kerosene engine with a volume of 3.6 liters. The fuel tank was located between the engine and the steering wheel. On the right side were the ignition and generator. On the left side are the carburetor and manifolds. The pipe at the front is the intake manifold with air filter. An exhaust manifold with an exhaust pipe exited above the engine. The front wheels were made of metal, had neither depreciation nor suspension. If necessary, weighting agents were installed on them - weighty metal castings. The rear wheels were distinguished by huge lugs. The rear axle was rigidly fixed in the frame. The tractor had three forward and one reverse speeds (from 3.9 to 8.1 kilometers per hour). Such machines were produced from 1934 to 1940 at the Krasny Putilovets plant in Leningrad, and from 1944 to 1955 at the Vladimir Tractor Plant. Throughout history, 211 thousand 500 "Universal-2" rolled off the assembly line.
The Rybnovsky tractor, on which Daria Garmash plowed, had one more detail. A tin can was attached under the kerosene engine. It was the tin that helped save fuel and break records at tractor driver competitions. Garmash in 1942 helped her team win first place in the All-Union Competition of Women's Tractor Brigades, completing the tractor work plan by 256%. The brigade transferred a huge prize of 10 thousand rubles for the first victory in competitions to the fund for the construction of a tank column. The Garmash brigade became the best in the country and held the title until 1947, when the challenge Red Banner was left in the team forever. At the same time, the girls not only provided food for the front and rear, but also collected money for tanks and planes, sent parcels to the front, received evacuees, and looked after the wounded.
frontier
Since May 8, 2017, the Rybnov tractor has been guarded by tank guns and anti-aircraft guns. In memory of the heroes of the front, the Rubezh Memorial Military Historical Complex arose at the pedestal. The entire ensemble was transferred to the balance, visiting which you can learn almost everything about the life and work of not only Daria Matveevna, but also other equally glorious personalities who have worked for the benefit of these places.
"Frontier" covered the tractor-monument for a reason. During the war years, regular military units were located in the villages of Bagramovo and Voynyukovo, which covered not only the strategic point - the junction station, but also the military airfield and the 21st Guards Aviation Regiment, located near the villages of Zhitovo and Nogino. In November 1941, an anti-aircraft battery of the 17th Tank Brigade under the command of Lieutenant General Vasily Mishulin, which is part of the Ryazan Defense Forces, defended this historic site. At the end of December, it was replaced by the 1085th Infantry Regiment of the 322nd Infantry Division of the 10th Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Filipp Golikov.
The military did everything that depended on them. Therefore, from now on, guns have joined the tractor: a 57-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60 and an 85-mm divisional gun D-44. The exposition is surrounded by the simplest but effective inventions against enemy tanks - four anti-tank hedgehogs.
And recently, the working machine is guarded by anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank hedgehogs. But first things first.
Tractor
The tractor can be seen from afar, thanks to the high pedestal. On the pedestal of the pedestal there is an inscription: “In the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, Soviet women accomplished a great labor feat. The first of the first to head the All-Union competition of tractor drivers was the glorious heroine of the Ryazan land Daria Garmash. This modest monument was erected by fellow countrymen at the end of 1972 as a sign of respect for women's labor feat. Even during the life of Daria Matveevna Garmash herself. Ten kilometers from Ryazan on its Moscow side, the old Universal-2 tractor reminds, like the familiar T-34 tanks, that the path to victory lay not only through battlefields, but also through arable land.
1. Dasha Garmash at the helm of a tractor. 2. Ryazan region on the highway near the village of Bagramova. "Universal" on a pedestal. D.M. worked on such a tractor. Garmash during the war. Photo: Y.Dyakonova and A.Ovchinnikova.
In the new millennium, like any car without a garage, the tractor began to look noticeably worse from standing in the sun, wind, rain and snow. In 2008, an off-budget fund for the reconstruction of the monument was organized. And by May 7, 2010, on the eve of the 65th anniversary of the Victory, the restored tractor was again put on a pedestal.
"Universal-2" deserved to become a monument, being the main working tool for a brigade of Stakhanovka tractor drivers. The work of female tractor drivers in the rear was equated to a feat of arms, because, working in the field, they performed a combat mission. Daria Matveevna wrote on a piece of paper from a school notebook: “Combat mission for May 5 Fomina ...”. The girls worked 20 hours a day, slept for 2-3 hours during the suffering. They went to work in any weather, despite the rain, frosty winds and the scorching sun. And it is in the future that the tractor will acquire a cabin: the fact that the girls worked in the open air added to the severity of the tests for the tractor drivers. At the same time, they did not leave the fields and managed to exceed the norm several times. In memory of this, since 2004, the best machine operators of the Rybnovsky district continue the work of the best tractor driver and fight for the Darya Garmash prize.
When creating the Universal-2 tractor, Soviet developers took as a basis the American 1930s called Farmall F-20. The mechanism was nothing special. A vertical rudder wheel rotated a long bar extending over the engine cowl. At the front end of the rod, a small diameter spur gear transmitted rotation to a large diameter spur gear, on the same axis with which a bevel gear was installed, in turn connected to a gear sector on a vertical axis passing in front of the engine to the front wheels. The vertical axis of the steering drive was connected to the steering rods of the front wheels. The front axle beam swayed in the transverse direction. The tractor moved due to a 22-horsepower four-cylinder kerosene engine with a volume of 3.6 liters. The fuel tank was located between the engine and the steering wheel. On the right side were the ignition and generator. On the left side - the carburetor and manifolds. The pipe at the front is the intake manifold with air filter. An exhaust manifold with an exhaust pipe exited above the engine. The front wheels were made of metal, had neither depreciation nor suspension. If necessary, weighting agents were installed on them - weighty metal castings. The rear wheels were distinguished by huge lugs. The rear axle was rigidly fixed in the frame. The tractor had three forward and one reverse speeds (from 3.9 to 8.1 kilometers per hour). Such machines were produced from 1934 to 1940 at the Krasny Putilovets plant in Leningrad, and from 1944 to 1955 at the Vladimir Tractor Plant. Throughout history, 211 thousand 500 "Universal-2" rolled off the assembly line.
The Rybnovsky tractor, on which Daria Garmash plowed, had one more detail. A tin can was attached under the kerosene engine. It was the tin that helped save fuel and break records at tractor driver competitions. Garmash in 1942 helped her team win first place in the All-Union Competition of Women's Tractor Brigades, completing the tractor work plan by 256%. The brigade transferred a huge prize of 10 thousand rubles for the first victory in competitions to the fund for the construction of a tank column. The Garmash brigade became the best in the country and held the title until 1947, when the challenge Red Banner was left in the team forever. At the same time, the girls not only provided food for the front and rear, but also collected money for tanks and planes, sent parcels to the front, received evacuees, and looked after the wounded.
frontier
Since May 8, 2017, the Rybnov tractor has been guarded by tank guns and anti-aircraft guns. In memory of the heroes of the front, the Rubezh Memorial Military Historical Complex arose at the pedestal. The entire ensemble was transferred to the balance of the Museum of Defense and Logistics in Bagramovo, visiting which you can learn almost everything about the life and work of not only Daria Matveevna, but also other equally glorious personalities who have worked for the benefit of these places.
"Frontier" covered the tractor-monument for a reason. During the war years, regular military units were located in the villages of Bagramovo and Voynyukovo, which covered not only the strategic point - the Rybnoye junction station, but also the military airfield and the 21st Guards Aviation Regiment, located near the villages of Zhitovo and Nogino. In November 1941, an anti-aircraft battery of the 17th Tank Brigade under the command of Lieutenant General Vasily Mishulin, which is part of the Ryazan Defense Forces, defended this historic site. At the end of December, it was replaced by the 1085th Infantry Regiment of the 322nd Infantry Division of the 10th Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Filipp Golikov.
The military did everything that depended on them. Therefore, from now on, guns have joined the tractor: a 57-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60 and an 85-mm divisional gun D-44. The exposition is surrounded by the simplest but effective inventions against enemy tanks - four anti-tank hedgehogs.
Encyclopedic YouTube
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✪ Mikhail and Inessa Garmash
Subtitles
Biography
Daria Garmash was born on December 21, 1919 in the village of Staroe, Irkleevsky district, Kyiv region, into a poor peasant family. During the Great Patriotic War, the initiator of the competition of women's tractor brigades in the USSR (), foreman of the tractor brigade. Oksana Filippovna and Matvey Ivanovich Garmash had five children - three sons and two daughters: Grigory, Stepan, Andrei, Anna and Dasha. My father was a participant in the First World War, demobilized due to injury. Shortly after the birth of Dasha, he died. Oksana Filippovna raised the children alone. Anna, Dasha's sister, recalled: “We helped our mother as much as we could: we took care of the cattle, did all the housework. Dasha grew up a lively girl, was a ringleader in all matters. They often gathered in a circle with their girlfriends and sang their Ukrainian songs. In those years, the children of the poor could not study for many reasons. One of them was the lack of normal clothes, shoes. Almost all the children ran barefoot until the frost. In order to somehow help my mother, after school, Dasha and I served as servants in a wealthy Jewish family. They gave me old clothes for work.” Thanks to her hard work and great desire to learn, Dasha successfully completed four grades at a school in Ukraine. In 1932, when a severe famine broke out in Ukraine, Oksana Filippovna decided to move with her younger children to her son Stepan. In the early 1920s, he settled down at the Glebkovo-Divovo state farm in the Rybnovsky district of the Ryazan region. Here Dasha continues to study. After finishing six classes at the Glebkov school, Dasha goes to work at the state farm. At first she was a link, then a foreman of a field-breeding brigade. When she first saw a tractor in the field, having learned about the initiative of Praskovya Angelina, she decided to become a tractor driver. In one of her already post-war television interviews, Daria Matveevna recalled: “I became interested in this work during the time of Pasha Angelina. I remember P. Angelina's speech at the session of the Supreme Soviet of the 1st convocation in 1937. Newspapers wrote about her. And I kept thinking, at least a little bit to be like her. I've always had that desire." In 1936, Daria Matveevna entered the courses of tractor drivers at the Rybnovskaya MTS. She studied hard and enthusiastically, graduated from the courses with excellent marks. After returning to her state farm, she worked as a tractor driver for a whole year. For the rest of her life, Dasha remembered her first working day on a tractor. She felt that the earth gave her great strength. “Forever I am with him, with the field, with the arable land, with the tractor!” she thought. For five years, her women's brigade became the winner of the All-Union competition. Since 1951, the manager of the district association "Selkhoztekhnika"
