Having put on a headdress, you climb onto the carriage - a promotion awaits you.

Tying a headband is happiness.

Wearing an official headdress, you climb the tower - there will be a promotion.

A noble person gives out hats to people - fortunately.

Losing a hat is a mandatory appointment to the position one aspires to.

If you choose a headdress or a belt, you will have a promotion.

Decorated women's head decorations speak of meanness on the part of a wife or mistress.

If you burn a headdress or a headband, your position will change.

Interpretation of dreams from the Chinese dream book

Dream Interpretation - Headdress

If you dream of a rich headdress such as a fur hat, it means that fame and good luck await you in reality.

A cheap and unpretentious headdress means loss of property.

A head tied with a scarf portends you a fleeting affair, a flirt that does not bind you to anything.

Wearing a cap in a dream means soon becoming a mother, taking it off means unrequited love, washing a cap means happiness and contentment in the house, sewing a cap means a wedding. Seeing a child's cap in a dream means rushing to a love date.

A cap seen in a dream foreshadows an unexpected meeting with an old acquaintance. Kartuz means willingness to sleep with any man.

Wearing or seeing an old bonnet on someone means you will become dependent on a person with backward ideas. Wearing a beret means good news; seeing it on someone else means you will become a victim of slander.

Interpretation of dreams from

By protecting the head from adverse environmental influences, a hat can instantly change a person’s image: an ordinary man in a hat looks like a gentleman, and a woman looks like a lady! In addition, in a class society, they showed which rung of the social ladder a person managed to climb.

Headwear: types: knitted hat with a pom-pom, knitted hat-sock, knitted earflaps (women's)

All types of hats can be divided into two large groups: special and household.

Household hats: types

Household hats according to age and gender are divided into men's, women's, youth, teenage and children's.

According to the season, they are winter, summer and for the spring-autumn period of wear. The degree of rigidity of the headgear design is determined by the materials for the external, internal and intermediate parts of the product. They are hard, semi-hard and soft.

Various materials are used to make hats: natural and artificial fur, various types of leather, fabrics, straw, etc.

Based on the manufacturing method, there are molded, sewn and woven hats.

Main types of hats:

• hats;
• hats;
• caps and caps;
• berets

Hat(from German Schappe) - a headdress consisting of a bottom, crown and brim. To make hats, straw, felt, cloth, leather, fur, etc. are used. Due to the varying sizes of the crown, brim and bottom, there are many styles of hats. Nowadays, any men's hat can be a women's hat.

Photo - women's fedora hat (Gucci), floppy hat, bibi hat

Photo - cowboy hat and slouch

Hat styles

Bibi - common name miniature women's hats that complement evening dresses.

Borsalino(Borsalino) is not a style of hat, but the name of an Italian company founded in 1857 by Giuseppe Borsalino. The company produces hats of various styles, but most often the mention of the Borsalino hat is associated with the classic Fedora model, which determined the appearance of gangsters and mafiosi in the 40s and 50s of the 20th century.

Boater(from the French canotier - rower) - a low hat made of straw with a flat top and straight fields for boat trips. In Venice - gondoliers' headdress, decorated with a red or blue ribbon.

Cowboy hat(Statson hat) - a wide-brimmed, turned-up fedora hat, common among cattlemen in the Western United States since 1870.

Cloche hat- a small, deep bell-shaped women's hat, popular in the 20s of the XX century.

Bowler(bowler hat) - a traditional headdress of the British since 1850 made of dark or light felt, having a rounded crown, small fields and a rep ribbon for. It is shaped like a cooking pot.

Models of hats - photo: tablet, cylinder and cloche

Panama- a summer hat made of white fabric: pique, linen, linen, etc. Named after the state in Central America.

Slouch- an elegant women's hat with a lowered brim, which appeared in the 30s of the 20th century.

Sombrero- people's headdress Latin America in the form of a wide-brimmed hat made of felt or straw.

Tablet- an elegant women's hat without a brim, round or oval, popular in the 30s - 60s of the 20th century. It is a stylish accessory to a wedding or cocktail outfit.

Trilby- a small hat with short brim and a dent on the crown, decorated with a ribbon and a small bow on the left side. Popular among young people and show business stars. The classic trilby is brown, but today it can be any shade.

Headdress styles - photo: turban, hijab and turban (Balenciaga)

Fedora(Fedora or snap brim) - a deep felt hat with a wide brim and three dents on the crown - on the top, left and right, so that it is convenient to lift it as a sign of greeting using three fingers. It received its name in 1882 in honor of the play of the same name by Victorien Sardou. Another name for Fedora is snap brim, which translated means “broken brim”, since in the front part it was lowered over the eyes, and at the back it was folded up.

Floppy(Floppy hat) - a felt hat with a wide brim, similar to a cowboy's, but the brim is not curved.

Homburg(homburg) - an elegant men's hat made of felt with a deep dent at the crown and curved brim, named after the German city where it was first made. Gained popularity since 1882. An integral part of the official men's suit during the 20th century.

Cylinder- a high headdress made of black silk plush with small fields, which appeared in 1797 in London, was popular throughout the 19th century. Nowadays, the top hat is worn for official events: it is mandatory when visiting the royal races at Ascot, etc.

Shapoklyak(from the French chapeau a claque - "cotton hat") - a folding cylinder with a soft crown and a mechanical device inside, invented in 1823 in France.

Hats: Shapes - photo: malachai fur hat, beanie hat (Colin Farrell) and cap (Burberry, winter 2011-2012)

Types of fur hats

Ambassador(Moscow) - a muton hat in the form of a cap with a band, which was worn by members of the USSR government until the 70s of the XX century. In the 90s, M.S. Gorbachev again introduced the fashion for such a hat, only made of mink fur, which was nicknamed by the people "pie".

Boyarka- a round winter hat, consisting of a cap made of leather or fabric with an insulated lining and a fur band. In Rus', both women and men wore the boyarka.

Bomber- a youth model of a winter headdress with long ears and sheepskin trim, similar to aviator hats of the 20s of the XX century.

Gogol- Mouton hat in the form of a cap without a band, having a deep longitudinal jam. It was popular among the Russian intelligentsia of the early 20th century. This type of hat was worn by M. Kirov, M. Suslov and others.

Photo - men's trapper hat, bomber jacket and ambassador

Photo - women's fur beret, kubanka (women's) and papakha (women's)

Kubanka- a low cylindrical fur hat with a flat top - a uniform headdress of the Cossack troops. Before World War II, it was a popular men's headdress in the Kuban, and in the 80s of the 20th century it came into fashion as a women's winter hat.

Malachai- a voluminous hat made of fur from fur-bearing animals, covering the back of the neck or decorated with a tail.

Trapper- a combined hat with earflaps made of leather and beaver fur, created in a hunting style.

Papakha- a tall headdress in the form of a pipe with a flat top, created based on the papas of the Caucasian peoples and the Don Cossacks.

Hat with ear flaps(“Russian hat”) - a fur or combined headdress consisting of a cap, a visor, a back cover and headphones. The prototype of the hat with earflaps is the headdress of nomads, known since ancient times. In Western countries, a hat with earflaps made from the fur of fur-bearing animals is called a “Russian hat.”

Photo - baseball cap (Sean Penn) and gondoliers in Kanotye

Caps and caps - headdresses with a visor

Types of caps

Baseball cap- summer cap made of lightweight material with a long visor.

Casket- a men's cap with a visor, without a band or crown, known from early XIX century.

Kartuz- a cap made of cloth with a high band, the top of which consists of wedges or a round bottom and walls. In pre-revolutionary Russia, caps were used as decorations for holidays.

Coppola- a cap made of drape or soft felt, which was the headdress of Sicilian drivers and has become popular all over the world.

Photo - 1st row: Nomburg hat, boater, bowler hat and cap; 2nd row: shapoklyak hat, cap, fez, trilby (classic)

Types of knitted hats

Beanie(beanie) - a knitted hat that fits tightly to the head, without decorations in the form of pompoms or patterns. Initially it was a headdress for workers, but, having become fashionable, it is used by all segments of the population.

Norwegian hat- a knitted hat decorated with patterns and a pompom.

Trumpet hat- a knitted hat in the shape of a tube, knitted with a “stocking” or having one seam, which reliably protects the head and neck from cold and wind.

Helmet- a knitted hat, the design of which covers the head and neck.

Beret- round headdress of soft shape. It can be knitted, felt or sewn from fabric, leather, fur.

Photo - knitted funnel hat, knitted helmet hat and niqab

Oriental headwear

Yarmulka- a Jewish headdress in the form of a round cap without a band, which fits tightly to the head and is often attached to the hair with a hairpin.

Niqab- a headdress for Muslim women made of black fabric with a narrow slit for the eyes, covering the head and neck. The simplest niqab consists of a headband to which two scarves are attached - front and back.

Skullcap- a small round or square hat, common among all segments of the population in eastern countries.

Turban(French turban) - headdress eastern peoples made of light fabric wrapped around the head.

Fez(fes) - a headdress made of red felt in the form of a truncated cone, which is worn by both men and women in Arab countries. The decoration of the men's fez is a black or blue tassel, while the women's fez is decorated with gold embroidery.

Types of headdresses - photo: boyarka fur hat (women's), skullcap (women's) and cap (Moschino)

Hijab(Arabic - veil) - this is the name in Islam for any type of clothing that covers a woman’s body, but in Western countries this name means .

Turban- a headdress for men and women made of a long piece of fabric wrapped around a fez, cap or skullcap.

Special headwear: styles and models

In the group of special headwear, the following subgroups can be distinguished:

• industrial - necessary to protect the head when performing various types works;
• sports - protect the head during sports competitions;
• military - are part of military equipment;
• religious - are part of the vestments of clergy.

Photo - 1st row: balaclava - mask (protection from the cold), mask hat, Finnish cap (men's), swimmer's cap; 2nd row: heat-resistant balaclava with helmet, safety helmet, work helmet, helmet with visor

The following special headgear is used to protect the head in hazardous working conditions:

Helmet(from Spanish casco - helmet, skull) - hard headdress made of plastic or metal. It may have a visor to protect the eyes from chips or sparks getting into them.

Helmet- round hard protective headgear.

Balaclava- a knitted hat worn under a helmet or helmet to protect against cold, wind and sparks getting into the collar of clothing.

Sports headwear ensures the safety of the athlete's health during competitions and training.

Some types of sports hats:

Ski cap- a knitted hat that fits tightly to the head.

Cap for swimmers- a thin cap made of elastic material, pressing to provide the swimmer with maximum speed over the distance.

Goalkeeper helmet- a hard headgear with a protective mesh that protects the face from being hit by a puck or being hit by a stick.

Helmet for a boxer- a soft helmet with an open top that protects the athlete’s head from the sides from impacts during a fight.

Photo - skull cap with hairpin, tennis visor and ski helmet

Beret- a flat, round headdress that is part of the military equipment of the armies of many countries around the world. In connection with the reform of the Russian army, in the spring of 2011, the beret replaced the cap in the military uniform of soldiers.

Capless cap- a uniform headdress in the form of a cap without a visor, characteristic of the Russian army and navy. Introduced in 1811 as part of the uniform of soldiers, sailors, junior commanders and cadets of naval schools. In 1872, ribbons appeared in the cap, which indicated the name of the ship or the number of the naval crew. Nowadays, the name of the fleet or school is indicated on the ribbons.

Budenovka- uniform headdress of the Red Army soldiers in the form of a pointed helmet, which was in service in the Red Army until 1940. Soviet-Finnish War 1939-1940 showed the impracticality of the budenovka, and it was replaced with a hat with earflaps in accordance with Order No. 187 of the NCO of the USSR dated June 5, 1940.

Papakha(kubanka) - headdress military equipment Cossacks made of black sheepskin with a cloth top. The height of the fur band of the hat was 3 vershok (1 vershok = 4.445 cm). Papah cloth color Kuban Cossacks was scarlet, Tersky - blue. The top of the hat consisted of 4 wedges and was trimmed with galloon along the seams (crosswise) and in a circle. The color of the braid for cavalry regiments and divisions is silver, for Plastun battalions and artillery - . According to the Decree of V.V. Putin dated May 8, 2005, the papakha was introduced into use as a headdress for colonels and generals of the Russian Army.

Photo - peakless cap, Cossack hat andmilitarycap

Cap- summer army head until 2011. The cap was first introduced in aviation units in 1913: pilots wore a folding headdress in their pocket or in their bosom, putting it on after flights instead of a heavy helmet. The first names of the cap are “flight”, “perletka” (“flight folding cap”). In 1919, the cap was introduced as a uniform headdress for students of military courses, and it appeared in the army in 1935.

Cap- a headdress for the spring-autumn season, consisting of an oval bottom, four walls, a band and a visor.

Finnish hat- winter headdress for middle, senior and top commanding personnel of the Red Army since 1931, and since 1936 - for the command staff of the NKVD troops of the USSR. A special feature of the hat is an oval cap made of cloth with a button at the top, consisting of 4 - 6 wedges, to which a visor and a cap made of merlushka or astrakhan wool, lined with cloth, were sewn. The cap and backplate were insulated with cotton wool and secured with hooks, but if necessary, the backplate could be lowered. The color of the fur of the hat was gray or brown, and the cloth was gray or khaki. A badge - a cockade - was attached to the visor.

Hat with ear flaps(Kolchakivka) - a combined winter headdress for military personnel since 1940, made of fur and cloth. Used in 1919 in A. Kolchak’s units. The color of cloth and fur is currently gray.

Hat-mask- a knitted hat that covers the head and face, with holes for the eyes and mouth. Necessary for special forces soldiers for camouflage.

Models of headgear - photo: hockey goalie helmet, boxer helmet and hockey player helmet

Types of religious headdresses

Kamilavka- the headdress of priests of the Orthodox Church, which looks like a black or purple cylinder expanding upward.

Cowl- the headdress of the Orthodox clergy, consisting of a kamilavka (cylinder) and a “basting” attached to it - a blanket with three long ends going down the back and shoulders. The monks have a black hood, the Metropolitan and the Patriarch have a white one.

Miter- headdress of the highest clergy of the Orthodox and Catholic churches in the form of a hemisphere

Skufia- a small pyramid-shaped cap of black or purple color, which is the everyday headdress of monks and clergy. In the upper part of the fold the skufiya forms a cross.

Tiara- a cone-shaped headdress of the highest clergy of the Catholic Church made of brocade, decorated with gold embroidery and precious stones.

A variety of hats can reliably protect the head from adverse environmental influences and can be created for each person in accordance with fashion trends and their own taste.

Headdress styles - photos - miter, skufiya and hood (classic)

Fammeo.ru All rights reserved.

Hats. Drawings from "".

Headdress- a term that includes both methods of hairstyle itself, and methods of decorating and covering the head.

Both of them in highest degree varied depending on place, era, religion, degree of cultural development. However, the many forms of headdresses are based on several basic varieties.

Story

The root motive for caring about head decoration is functional. First of all, hair, falling in disarray on the face, ears, neck, shoulders, not only causes a general unpleasant sensation, but interferes with seeing, hearing, eating and indirectly - the correctness of work, for example. when hunting, fishing, sewing, fighting, sometimes presenting a serious danger, for example, when passing through dense thickets, when escaping. (See Hairstyle.)

The head is covered not only to secure the hair (frontal bandages, scarves, turbans, bags, nets, wallets), but mainly to protect against climatic and atmospheric influences (from heat, cold, rain, wind). Hence, depending on the purpose and location, there is a variety of forms and material of the head cover.

To keep their hair in order, the South American Teguelga, Ain, Japanese laborer, Pamaki, Hottentots, etc. are content with a simple forehead bandage; in Sumatra, a fighter puts on a wooden ring covering his head for the same purpose. The Batak (also in Sumatra) wear a headscarf in the form of a turban.

The headdress also personified the status of the owner: crowns, tiaras, hoops were (and are to this day) a symbol of power. Richly decorated headdresses could indicate the status of its owner from afar, while the poorer classes often used more utilitarian items.

The headdress finally became a subject of special art, and thanks to its early specialization, the development of headdress forms. even among primitive peoples it reached the most elaborate proportions. Vanity, routine, idleness upper classes, etiquette have turned clothing into an object of the most careful cultivation, a serious concern for life.

An important fact in the history of attire in later periods the influence of the central government and the examples set by individual rulers appeared. Twice in modern times There was a reaction in favor of simplicity of attire. For the first time, she came out of the Puritan movement, which demanded simplicity in the name of humility before God. This movement left a legacy of the custom of having short hair for men and smooth hair for women.

Headdresses of historical peoples

To illustrate the genesis of headdresses, let's look at some of them.

Already known to primitive people whole line Varieties of clothing include fur or leather hats and hoods, tiaras, and headbands.

Greeks

Headgear, used by men only when traveling or for protection from the sun, consisted of caps made of felt, leather or straw and hats with wide brims. The caps were conical (for the Boeotians) or semi-oval for the sailors. The Thessalian felt soft and round cap (petasos) is characteristic, one edge of which was wide, movable, descending like an umbrella; used by hunters, travelers and soldiers. Any headdress belonged only to a free person. Women wore mesh caps, pouches that covered their hair and head and tied at the back of the head. Pointed hats were also in use. Ribbons and tiaras were also used to hold hair together. The most popular types of tiaras were Stefana, similar to the old Russian kokoshnik and calaf, resembling a crown.

Romans

As for women, in ancient times they tied their hair at the back of their heads, using two kinds of needles for hairstyles, one ( discriminations) for detangling hair and others (comotoriae), metal or made of Ivory ending with images of Venus - for fastening hair. The usual head covering was a soft hat with a wide brim, which was used, however, only during games and for protection from the sun. Augustus also wore a similar hat during public celebrations. Sailors and fishermen wore straw, leather or felt hats. During sacrifices, the head was covered with a toga, and the flamens wore a kind of pointed helmet tied under the chin. Wreaths were often used (see Crown).

Women wore a veil (rica), which was fastened on the top of the head and fell over the shoulders; as actual head coverings, like the Greeks, they used kerchiefs or small bags that replaced nightcaps and nets ( reticula), made of gold and silver threads. Newlyweds and matrons wore a light yellow, sometimes red veil on their wedding day ( flammeum).

Gauls And Germans under Louis the Pious and Charles the Red, they began to shave the hair at the temples and the back of the head and wear fur hats. From the beginning of the 12th century, the main head coverings were caps, velvet for the nobility, cloth for townspeople, over which a hood was thrown in bad weather. Young people wore metal hoops decorated with precious stones around their heads. Pointed hats, toque hats, or English hard hats decorated with peacock feathers were also in use.

Jacket: - free cut; - central side fastener, wind flap, buttons; - yoke made of finishing fabric; -2 welt slanted pockets with a flap, with buttons at the bottom of the front; - 1 patch slanted pocket on the sleeves; - reinforcing shaped pads in the elbow area; - the bottom of the sleeves with an elastic band; - double hood, with a visor, has a drawstring for volume adjustment; - adjustment at the waist using drawstrings; Trousers: - free cut; -2 side vertical pockets; - in the knee area, on the back halves of the trousers along the seat seam - reinforcing linings; -2 side patch pockets with flap; -2 rear patch pockets with buttons; - the cut of the details in the knee area prevents them from stretching; - the back halves under the knee are assembled with an elastic band; - elastic waistband; - bottom with elastic; - fastened braces (braces); - belt loops; wearing - both in boots and out. material: tent fabric; composition: 100% cotton; density: 270 gr.; overlays: ripstop, oxford; cuffs: yes; sealing gum: yes; jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes; optional: lightweight summer version; high strength fabric and seams; How to wash a Gorka suit.

Semi-fitting dress in dark blue with a V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included in the set). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve there is a chevron designating the service of a police/justice officer. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. The scarf is worn with the dress in a triangle folded into a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked into the back under the collar. The wide side is tucked in under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in the office. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at the level of the knees. The Police/Justice dress with short sleeves is part of the new police uniform. Example of material pattern:

The Gorka-3 suit is the most successful and widespread type of Gorka suit. Made from 270g rip-stop material. per 1 m2, black, structurally consists of a jacket and trousers. Used to protect the fighter from adverse weather conditions, all-season. The main difference of this suit is the fleece lining. The jacket has a deep hood with drawstrings, two side welt pockets covered with flaps fastened with a button, one internal pocket for documents and two pockets on the sleeves, just below the shoulders. It is worth noting that the fleece lining is removable, which increases the usability of the suit and allows it to be used in a wider temperature range. The shoulders, elbows, and cuffs are reinforced with synthetic rip-stop Oxford fabric 0. The reinforcement on the elbows of the mountain suit-3 is made in the form of a Velcro pocket and is equipped with rigid inserts. The sleeves are equipped with anti-dust cuffs and a hidden elastic band for volume adjustment just above the wrist. The jacket is also equipped with an adjustable drawstring along the edge and fastens with buttons. The trousers of the slide suit have six pockets. Two side slots, two cargo slips and two rear ones. The knees, the bottom of the legs and other loaded areas of the trousers are reinforced with synthetic rip-stop Oxford fabric 0. The bottom of the legs is double, the so-called “boot”, reinforced with a cuff that fits over the boot and prevents dust, dirt and small stones from getting into it. Just below the knee, the trousers have a fastening elastic band. It automatically adjusts the volume of the trouser leg and prevents the fabric from sailing. The trousers are equipped with removable suspenders. Main features: removable fleece lining demi-season suit strong material internal pocket hood CHARACTERISTICS SUIT CHARACTERISTICS Material: ripstop Composition: 70/30 Density: 240 g. Linings: Oxford 0 Cuffs: yes Sealing elastic bands: yes Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: demi-season Additional: reinforced inserts, removable fleece lining, dust boots on trousers, suspenders included

Semi-fitting dress in dark blue with a V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included in the set). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve there is a chevron designating the service of a police/justice officer. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. The scarf is worn with the dress in a triangle folded into a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked into the back under the collar. The wide side is tucked in under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in the office. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at the level of the knees. The Police/Justice dress with short sleeves is part of the new police uniform. Example of material drawing:

Please note - this model has fleece insulation only in the jacket! Color: khaki Jacket: - loose fit; - central side fastener, wind flap, buttons; - yoke made of finishing fabric; -2 welt slanted pockets with a flap, with buttons at the bottom of the front; - 1 patch slanted pocket on the sleeves; - reinforcing shaped pads in the elbow area; - the bottom of the sleeves with an elastic band; - double hood, with a visor, has a drawstring for volume adjustment; - adjustment at the waist using drawstrings; Trousers: - free cut; -2 side vertical pockets; - in the knee area, on the back halves of the trousers along the seat seam - reinforcing linings; -2 side patch pockets with flap; -2 rear patch pockets with buttons; - the cut of the details in the knee area prevents them from stretching; - the back halves under the knee are assembled with an elastic band; - elastic waistband; - bottom with elastic; - fastened braces (braces); - belt loops; wearing - both in boots and out. material: tent fabric; composition: 100% cotton; density: 270 gr.; Overlays: ripstop, oxford 0; cuffs: yes; sealing gum: yes; seasonality: demi-season; additionally: reinforced inserts, removable fleece lining, dust covers on trousers, suspenders included

The jacket is part of the daily and weekend uniform of police officers of the new model. Worn with trousers. Material: Suit (wool blend) fabric. Composition: 75% wool, 25% polyester 280 g/m2 Lining: Twill 100% viscose 105% g/m2. Slim fit, single breasted, fastened with four buttons. Turn-down collar with lapels. Shelves with cut-off barrels. Horizontal welt side pockets in a “frame” with flaps. The back has a central seam, in the lower part of which there is a vent. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. Jacket with lining. On the left shelf of the lining there is an internal pocket with a “leaf”. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks, as well as for cadets (listeners) educational institutions higher vocational education Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Has red trim on the sleeves. According to Order No. 575 of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of a suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve a chevron indicating the service of a police officer is sewn. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. In addition, shoulder straps with buttons are sewn onto this jacket, and two lapel emblems are also attached. How to sew on shoulder straps? For this, in addition to the jacket itself and shoulder straps, you will need a ruler, scissors, a needle, a thimble and strong red thread. Be sure to wear a thimble, even if you are used to sewing without one, as sometimes the needle passes through the shoulder straps with great difficulty, and you can injure your fingers. If you find it difficult to pull the needle and thread out of the shoulder strap, you can use pliers or tweezers. 1) First of all, prepare the shoulder straps, i.e. attach all the required insignia to it, since it will be much more difficult to do this on an already sewn shoulder strap. 2) Take the shoulder strap and position it so that the side farthest from the button is close to the seam that connects the shoulder of the jacket to the sleeve. At the same time, the upper edge of the shoulder strap, directed towards the back, should overlap the seam running along the shoulder by 1 cm. In other words, the shoulder strap should be slightly moved forward. 3) Thread a needle and fasten the shoulder strap to the jacket at three points: at the corners of the shoulder strap, at the place where it comes into contact with the sleeve seam and in the center of the semicircular cut. Now the shoulder strap will be securely fastened and will not move from the correct position during the sewing process. 4) Then very carefully sew the shoulder strap around the perimeter, making stitches in such a way that only barely visible points remain on its surface in those places where the needle enters the shoulder strap, and the thread between two adjacent holes passes mainly from the wrong side (along the lining) of the jacket . Then the thread will not be noticeable even if its color does not exactly match the color of the shoulder straps. In this case, the optimal length of each stitch should be about 1 cm. 5) With the second shoulder strap, follow the same pattern. How to strengthen lapel emblems? On the collar of the jacket - along the bisector (a line dividing the corner of the collar in half), at a distance of 25 mm from the corner of the collar to the center of the emblem, the vertical axis of symmetry of the emblem should be parallel to the flight of the collar. How to place awards on a police jacket? On the left side of the chest, awards are located in the following order: Insignia of special distinction are located so that the upper edge of the medal block is at the level of the ledge of the lapel of the tunic and jacket. When wearing two or more special insignia, they are arranged separately in one row, from right to left, with intervals of 10 mm between the lateral ends of the stars in the order listed. Special insignia of one designation are arranged in the order in which they were awarded. Badges of orders, orders and medals are arranged horizontally in a row from the center of the chest to the edge, from top to bottom in the order listed. When wearing two or more orders or medals, their blocks are connected in a row on a common bar. Orders and medals that do not fit in one row are transferred to the second and subsequent rows located below the first, also placing them from the center of the chest to the edge in the above order. The blocks of orders and medals of the second row must go under the orders and medals of the first row, while the upper edge of the blocks of the bottom row is placed 35 mm below the blocks of the first row. Subsequent rows are arranged in a similar order. Badges of orders, orders and medals are located on a single-breasted police jacket so that the upper edge of the block of orders and medals of the first row is located 90 mm below the level of the lapel ledge. On the right side of the chest, awards are located in the following order: Orders are located from left to right in the order listed. The upper edge of the largest order of the first row is located at the level established for the common bar (block) of the first row of orders and medals placed on the left side of the chest. Orders that do not fit in one row are transferred to the second and subsequent rows located below the first, placing them also from the center of the chest to the edge in the indicated order. The centers of the orders in a row should be at the same level. The distance between orders and rows of orders is 10 mm. The sign of the number of wounds made of golden galun (for a severe wound) or dark red color (for a light wound) is located on the fabric strip of the top of the product. Braid width 6 mm, length 43 mm. The severe wound badge is placed below the light wound badge. The distance between stripes is 3 mm. The sign of the number of wounds is placed on the tunic and jacket to the right of the sign for honorary titles of the Russian Federation, and in its absence, in its place.

Thanks to innovative technologies and high-quality materials that provide maximum protection from rain and wind, you will be in constant comfort, which helps reduce fatigue throughout the day. Characteristics Protection from rain and wind Regular cut Upper material: Rip-stop Insulation: Thinsulate

The women's demi-season raincoat is part of the new uniform for police officers. The raincoat has a semi-fitting silhouette, with a central inner hidden fastener with five loops and buttons and an additional top button and a through-stitched loop, on an insulated stitched lining. On the yokes in the area of ​​the shoulder seams there are two belt loops and one non-slit loop for attaching removable shoulder straps. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. Patches are sewn into the lower part of the middle seam of the sleeve, fastened with a loop and a uniform button. Turn-down collar, with a detachable stand. The removable belt is threaded into belt loops located in the side seams and fastened with a buckle with a tongue, the free end of which is threaded into the belt loop. On the right hem there is an internal welt pocket with a leaf. Jacket fabric (100% polyester) with rip-stop weaving threads and water-repellent impregnation. The second layer is the membrane. Filler: Thinsulate 100 g/m. Recommended temperature range: from +10°C to -12°C. Worn with a dark blue muffler or a white muffler. It is allowed to wear a demi-season raincoat neatly folded with the front side out on the left hand. Demi-season raincoats are worn buttoned up. It is allowed to wear demi-season raincoats with the top button undone. Demi-season raincoats are worn with or without removable insulation and a belt fastened with a buckle. This raincoat has removable dark blue shoulder straps and dark blue stripes.

Jacket with a combined (stitched and removable) insulated lining, a removable insulated hood, a removable faux fur collar. The jacket is short, straight cut. The central clasp has a two-way detachable zipper, closed with a windproof flap with buttons. Turn-down collar with a pata fastener on a textile fastener. In the area of ​​the shoulder seams there are shoulder straps, shoulder straps View all products by tag shoulder straps on buttons with removable false stripes for attaching insignia. Shelves and back with yokes. Along the yoke line there is a red edging. Two chest pockets with flaps with buttons and textile Velcro fasteners. Two side pockets with flaps with buttons and textile Velcro fasteners. The burlap patch pockets have welt pockets with a zippered entrance. At the bottom of the jacket See all products by jacket tag there is a detachable belt, the volume of which is adjusted by the side sections with elastic braid stitched on a multi-needle special. chain stitch machine. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. On the right sleeve there is a welt pocket with a zipper. A bandage with a reflective tape is sewn inside the pocket, fastened with a Velcro textile fastener. At the bottom of the sleeves there are stitched cuffs with elastic tape sewn on a multi-needle special stitch. chain stitch machine. Stitched insulated lining with Fibertek-200 insulation. On the inside of the left shelf there is a pocket for a pistol (with a carabiner on a cord for fastening the pistol) and a patch pocket with a vertical entrance with a zipper. The removable insulated hood is fastened with a detachable zipper. The volume is adjustable at the back of the head and the front neckline. The chin part is fastened with a Velcro textile fastener. A removable collar made of faux fur containing Kanekaron fiber (Made in Japan) is fastened with a detachable zipper. Removable insulated lining (vest) made of Fibertek 150 insulation, quilted on both sides with lining fabric, fastened with a detachable zipper. On the removable insulation there is a patch pocket with a horizontal entrance with a zipper. Fibertek insulation has a number of advantages over traditional fillers: - It perfectly retains its shape and restores it after washing. - Can be washed and dried multiple times. - Provides a greater heat-shielding effect compared to other materials of similar thickness and density. - Moisture resistant. - Stable during long-term use. - It is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic insulation material. - Practical in terms of price and quality ratio.

Without Velcro under the chevrons. The size is indicated by the collar. You can use shoulder straps Worn untucked The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands 2 pockets on the chest Material: 65% Polyester 35% Viscose

Material: gabardine - Classic trousers with piping along the side seam. - The volume of the belt is regulated by the side sections with elastic band. -There are 6 belt loops on the belt. -Two side pockets. -One welt pocket with a flap on the back half of the trousers. - Along the side seam - red piping Example of material pattern:

Demi-season boots with an upper made of durable elastic chrome leather 1.4 mm thick and with a reliable rubber sole equipped with a large tread are the optimal shoes used by numerous employees of law enforcement and security agencies, tourists and ordinary people leading an active lifestyle. The lining is made from durable yet very soft nylon mesh. The toe cap and heel of the boot are reinforced with a special thermoplastic material. The boots use speed lacing, which allows you to quickly and securely fix your foot in the boot. The model is equipped with a blind valve that prevents foreign objects from getting inside the boot. CITY TYPE ASSAULT BOOTS Combined upper: natural chrome leather (1.2-1.4 mm) + elastic natural leather on the soft edging and flap. Lining: laminated mesh. Sole: rubber with increased wear resistance (Italy), BUTEK 1. Method of fixing the sole: adhesive. Arch support: metal. Toe cap and heel counter: Reinforced thermoplastic material. Sizes: 40-46. Semi-blind valve. Soft edging. Black color. Weight: 580 gr. Specifications Assault boots. Model Mongoose 24111 Manufacturer BUTEX Country Belarus Upper material natural chrome leather (1.2-1.4 mm) + soft edging and flap elastic natural leather Lining material laminated mesh Sole fastening adhesive Instep support metal Toe and heel reinforced from thermoplastic material Sole material rubber of increased wear resistance BUTEK 1 , (Italy) Available size range 38-46 Shoe color black Valve type semi-blind valve Soft edging present

A set of windproof smok (jacket) and a warm lining with Primaloft ® Black insulation, which can be worn separately as a standalone smok jacket: Can be worn with or without a lining High and wide collar. A hood with a peak in which plastic is inserted to give a rigid form. For a thorough fit of the hood, it has three adjustments. Front zipper with two locks, unfastened both at the top and bottom. Windproof flap covering the front zipper. Velcro cuffs for smooth adjustment of the wrist girth. Front closure flap and pockets are fastened with Canadian (ribbon stem) buttons. , having greater reliability compared to conventional buttons. The buttons are large, making them easy to work with in thick gloves. Volume pockets on the body have a bendable entrance that protects the contents from falling out. Pockets: 2 volume pockets on the chest, 2 volume pockets at the bottom of the jacket, 2 Napoleon pockets with a zipper on the chest, one flat pocket. on the left sleeve and one inside on the left with a zipper Drawstrings: at the waist and bottom of the jacket, with elastic cords to protect against cold penetration under the clothes Lining: Quilted lining together with insulation, which increases the service life of the clothes (the insulation remains in place during dry cleaning or washing ) Fastening to a smoke jacket and fastening when worn as a separate jacket is done using comfortable American-style lens-shaped buttons. The hood is adjustable to fit the shape of the face. Hood interior lined with fleece for comfortable wear Underarm vents Knitted cuffs for comfort Inside left zip pocket 65% polyester Smoka lining: thin blend, 35% cotton, 65% polyester Main liner: 100% polyester Insulation: body - Primaloft® Black 2×133 g/m 2 sleeves - Primaloft® Black 2×80 g/m 2 Product weight: 46/176 size -1969 g 50/176 size -2097 g 54/182 size -2181 g 56-58/188 size -2439 g Also on the site are models of trousers with insulation Primaloft® YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN: We strongly recommend front loading washing machines, if you own a top loading machine we recommend washing your clothes and equipment in a mesh laundry bag to protect against possible damage from parts of the washing machine drum . Before washing, you must fasten all zippers and Velcro fasteners and completely loosen all adjustments. If the upper fabric is membrane, then it is better to wash the product with the lining out (turned inside out). Wash on a delicate cycle at 30°C with a double rinse cycle (it is better to use two rinse cycles to ensure that all detergent residues are removed from the fabric and insulation) and spin at medium speed. It is acceptable to use a tumble dryer at medium temperature (40-60°C) for 30-40 minutes or until completely dry, if the top fabric is membrane, it is better to dry the product with the lining out (turned inside out). You can hang dry the product with the lining facing out. To remove stubborn stains, you can treat the stains with a special solution such as Grangers Performance Wash or Nikwax Tech Wash before washing, allowing the detergent to soak in for 10-15 minutes. It is better to store clothes and equipment with synthetic insulation in a straightened (not compressed) state. How to restore DWR treatment on insulated clothing or equipment DWR is a special polymer applied to the surface of the fabric to give it water-repellent properties. DWR processing is not forever. During use of the product, as well as after a certain number of washes, the effectiveness of DWR decreases. If water droplets no longer roll off the surface of the fabric and wet the fabric even after washing, it’s time to restore the splashproof treatment. We recommend using a special spray-on or in-the-machine splash-proofing treatment such as Grangers Clothing Repel or Performance Repel, or Nikwax TX.Direct Wash-In or Spray-On. First, wash the item in accordance with the washing recommendations, then use the selected solution to restore the splash-proof treatment by spraying it directly onto the front of the item while it is still damp, or running a second wash cycle after pouring the required amount of wash-in into the washing machine . The manufacturer's instructions for the splashproof restoration product on the packaging must be followed exactly. Many DWR restoration products require heat activation, so it is best to tumble dry treated clothing and equipment on medium heat (40-60°C) for 40-50 minutes or until completely dry.

Border cap with a green top, black band and red edging. The cap is equipped with a cockade and a metallized filigree (or varnished) cord. Crown height -7 cm. Made within 3-5 working days.

Demi-season boots, in which the ankle boots and the upper part of the vamp are made of nylon fabric with a density of 1000 D, and the lower part of the vamp is made of natural chrome leather with a thickness of 1.6 mm, are perfect for both employees of law enforcement and security departments, as well as tourists or people who are interested in active types of outdoor recreation. The undoubted advantages of this model are that the front part of the boot is protected from mechanical damage and moisture by a “Matrix” leather lining and, in addition, the toe and heel are reinforced with a special thermoplastic material to maintain shape. The lining of this model is made of durable nylon mesh. The high lacing system securely fixes the model on the foot; in addition, the presence of three pairs of hooks in the upper part of the boot allows you to quickly lace up the boots. The blind valve prevents foreign objects from entering the boot. The flexible and durable rubber outsole has a large tread pattern that provides optimal traction on a wide variety of surfaces, be it sand, gravel, rocks or grass. CITY TYPE ASSAULT BOOTS This model is a classic “tactical” police boot. Has been tested in many special units of Russia. Received the highest ratings for such indicators as wear resistance and comfort from the BULAT SOBR staff. Combined upper: genuine chrome leather (1.4-1.6) + high-strength fabric made from non-textured 1680D nylon thread. Lining: laminated mesh Sole: rubber with increased wear resistance (Italy), BUTEK 1. Method of fixing the sole: adhesive. Arch support: metal. Toe cap and heel counter: Reinforced thermoplastic material. Sizes: 40-46. The deaf valve protects a foot from influence of environment (dust, dirt). Black color. The toe part is reinforced - leather with high-strength PU coating "Matrix" (Italy). Weight: 545 gr. Specifications Assault boots. Model Viper 2331 Manufacturer BUTEX Country Belarus Upper material natural chrome leather (1.4-1.6) + high-strength nylon fabric 1680D Lining material laminated mesh Sole fastening adhesive Instep support metal Toe and heel reinforced from thermoplastic material Sole material rubber of increased wear resistance BUTEK 1, (Italy) Available size range 40-46 Shoe color black Valve type blind valve Protection with linings made of high-strength leather “Matrix” with PU coating (Italy). toe part

Winter riot police boots, in which high (24 cm) boots are made of natural chrome leather 1.6 mm thick, with a flexible thermoplastic sole, equipped with a large relief tread and insulation made of high-quality natural sheepskin - these are exactly the shoes that law enforcement officers need , professional tourists and everyone who is interested in outdoor activities. The toe and heel of the boot are reinforced with thermoplastic material to keep their shape. In this model, a lacing system is used, in the upper part of which there are two pairs of metal loops that allow you to quickly take off and put on shoes without removing the laces from the loops. The deaf valve prevents dirt, snow, sand and other foreign objects from getting inside the boot. This model is a godsend for people with high arches. Upper: genuine chrome leather (1.4-1.6 mm). Lining: natural sheepskin. Sole: TEP (±40°C), 2050. Sole fastening method: adhesive stitching. Arch support: metal. Toe cap and heel counter: Reinforced thermoplastic material. Sizes: 36-50. The deaf valve protects a foot from influence of environment (dust, water, dirt). Hooks. Soft edging. Black color. Weight: 840 gr. Technical characteristics Army-type boots (Army boots). Model Omon 905 Producer BUTEKS Country Belarus Top material genuine chrome leather (1.4-1.6 mm) Lining material natural sheepskin Sole fastening glue-and-piercing Metal arch support Toe and heel reinforced from thermoplastic material Sole material TEP (± 40 ° C), 2050 Available size range 36- 50 Shoe color black Valve type blind valve Soft edging present Hooks present

The combat suit offered for purchase is an almost complete copy of the ACU suit that the US Army has been using since 2005. In a very short time, it has become so popular that it is used by both elite military units and fans of military sports games such as airsoft. The suit is made of high-quality cotton/polyester/35 blend fabric with a density of 210 g. on 1m2, in the colors of the experimental A-TACS FG camouflage, which is used by a variety of private military companies. The suit consists of a jacket and trousers. The jacket is fitted, so it is more convenient to wear it tucked into trousers with hanging equipment. There is a special fold in the area of ​​the shoulder blades for greater hand mobility. The central fastener is a two-way “zipper”, duplicated by a flap with Velcro fasteners, two oblique flat pockets on the chest are intended only for carrying documents, two patch pockets on the sleeves are used for the little things necessary for a soldier. There is a pocket for three ballpoint pens on the left forearm. For the convenience of wearing a bulletproof vest, the collar of the jacket is made with a stand-up collar so that the equipment does not rub the neck. It is fastened with a textile fastener. It should be noted that, unlike the original, the infrared marker mounts have been removed from the jacket, and the textile fasteners on the collar are softer and more comfortable. The sleeves of the jacket are secured with a Velcro fastener. The jacket has seven fastenings for information about the fighter’s rank, blood type, etc. The elbow reinforcements are made in the form of a pocket, with the possibility of equipping them with a rigid insert. The trousers are loose-fitting, with wide belt loops, and an additional tightening of the belt with a thin cord. The fly of the trousers is fastened with buttons, and there are belt loops on the sides of the waist for tightening, which is also not present in the original form. There are eight pockets in the uniform trousers. Two large cargo bags can accommodate additional ammunition if necessary, two small pockets on the calves are ideal for carrying a multi-tool and a dressing bag, access to them in a sitting position is easier than any other. All pockets on the trousers, except the mortise ones, are covered with flaps. Two side mortise pockets are traditionally used for household small items, and the two rear ones remain “in reserve”. The loaded parts of the trousers are reinforced; a rigid insert is provided in the front and on the knees. The bottom of the legs is tightened with a thin braid. color A-TACS FG Main features: analogue of the NATO suit, IR mark removed, Velcro on the collar is softer than the original, soft fabric on the trousers, tightening belt loops CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUIT Material: mixed (luxury) Composition: 70PE / 30 cotton Density: 270 gr. Cuffs: Velcro Sealing elastic bands: no Jacket/trouser pockets: slanted pockets on the chest Seasonality: all-season Additional: copy of the NATO suit

Material: Polyester 65%, cotton 35% Fabric is very resistant to fading Weave: Twill 2×1 Fabric weight: 245 g/m2 Fabric dyeing: Dispersive active, using Japanese technology, super durable WR - water-repellent finish

Pilot winter boots with a low (18 cm) top and elastic sole made of a polymer material with rubber properties (TEP) are perfect for outdoor activities, as work shoes and long walks. The upper of this model is made of genuine chrome leather with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and natural sheepskin fur is used as insulation. The toe and heel of the boot are reinforced with a special thermoplastic material to keep their shape. The outsole has a tread pattern for a secure grip on any surface. To prevent snow and foreign objects from getting inside the boot, Pilot boots are equipped with a semi-deaf valve. For greater reliability, the sole in this model is stitched around the perimeter, and the lower part of the ankle is attached to the vamp with a metal rivet. HIGH BOOTS Upper: natural chrome leather (1.4-1.6 mm) Lining: natural sheepskin. Sole: TEP (±40°С), 3521. Sole fastening method: gluing. Arch support: metal Toe cap and heel counter: reinforced thermoplastic material. Sizes: 36-50. Semi-blind valve. Soft edging. Color: black Weight: 730 gr. Modifications: Model 180 faux fur. Technical characteristics Boots. Model Pilot 181 Producer BUTEX Country Belarus Top material genuine chrome leather (1.4-1.6 mm) Lining material natural sheepskin Sole fastening glue-and-stitching Metal arch support Toe and heel reinforced from thermoplastic material Sole material TEP (±40°C) 3521 Available size range 36-50 Shoe color black Valve type semi-blind valve Soft edging present

The size is indicated by the collar. Without Velcro under the chevrons. You can use shoulder straps Worn untucked The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands 2 pockets on the chest Material: 65% Polyester 35% Viscose

The Smok winter suit is completely lined with removable fleece. The Smok suit was first used by British special operations forces during the Falklands War of 1982. The design of the uniform turned out to be so successful that it was adopted for use in most actively fighting special forces. This version of the demi-season smok suit is made of high-quality polyester/cotton blend fabric 70/30 with a density of 240 g. per 1m2 in moss color. The suit consists of a jacket and trousers. The jacket is long, below the waist, and has eight pockets. Four cargo vests, one sleeve vest, two volume front ones with a zipper, which to a certain extent can replace an unloading vest, and one internal waterproof one for documents. The cargo and sleeve pockets are closed with flaps on a large English button, which makes it easy to open the pocket in a hurry, with hands in shooting gloves, and in other extreme conditions. The elbows of the suit are reinforced with an additional layer of fabric, the sleeves are equipped with wide textile fasteners. The front zipper is duplicated along its entire length with five English buttons, which secure the windproof flap. There are adjustable drawstrings in the waistband and along the edge of the jacket for a tighter fit to your equipment and body shape. The trousers are made loose enough so as not to interfere with the fighter, all loaded parts are reinforced with an additional layer of fabric. The belt has two additional drawstrings on the sides for a more precise fit. The trousers have four pockets. Two slotted and two overhead cargo, covered with flaps on a large English button, in which additional ammunition can be carried. There is a drawstring at the bottom of the legs, which firmly secures the trousers over combat boots. color moss Main features: removable fleece lining zipper doubled with buttons ties and cuffs comfortable tailoring adjustable hood CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUIT Material: ripstop Composition: 70pe / 30xb Density: 240 gr. Cuffs: Velcro Sealing elastic bands: ties Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: winter Additionally: removable fleece lining on the jacket and pants

The men's overalls are intended for pilots and technicians of civil and small aviation. The jumpsuit fits the figure well. The wear life of the product is increased thanks to high-quality domestic materials, design solutions and many years of experience of specialists. The product is developed in accordance with GOST 12.4.100-80. Overalls with a central fastener with a two-way zipper; internal wind flap; shoulder pads; Ventilation holes are located in the armpit area; inside the ventilation holes are closed with a mesh in the color of the fabric. The width of the overalls along the waist line is adjusted using an elastic band (elastic band) on a contact tape (Velcro). There are zipper slits in the side seams; The bottom of the overalls has zippers for wearing over shoes. Pockets for various purposes: patch pockets with an inclined entrance with a zipper on the shelves, on the left sleeve - a patch pocket with a zipper with a flap fastened with contact tape (Velcro); it has a pocket for pens with three compartments, lower patch pockets with a zipper, and on the right rear half of the overalls there is a pocket for tools, fastened with a button; which is adjusted to the reinforcement part. To secure the tools, a cord is provided, which is attached to the pocket through a grommet and a holder with a half ring. On the right shelf there is a mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a flight chevron, on the left shelf there is a mating part of the contact tape (soft) for placing a standard name chevron, a belt loop for a badge. Back with vertical folds for freedom of movement. The sleeves are set-in, single-seam, the bottom is adjusted using a tab on a contact tape (Velcro). Above the pocket on the left sleeve, a counter part of the contact tape (soft) is adjusted to accommodate the chevron.

Patent No. 46636. Pants from a modernized version of the Soviet special forces jump suit known as "Mabuta". Recommended for security services Loose cut that does not restrict movement The suit uses stainless steel buttons High waistband for comfort and ease of carrying equipment on a belt. The sides of the belt are rubberized Belt loops for a wide waist belt Reinforcing pads on the knees Folds in the knee area for an anatomical cut Fly with a zipper The belt is fastened with two buttons The bottom of the trousers is rubberized, with anthers made of thin cotton calico sewn inside. The anthers are equipped with elastic straps. It is recommended to tuck the boots into the shoes and wear the trouser leg over the boots. Pockets: pockets on the front of the thighs with an entrance at the top with two buttons. The entrance of the pockets is bent to protect small contents from falling out; a rear mortise pocket on the right side with two buttons on the right trouser leg; a side pocket for a sling cutter or bayonet knife. The pocket has a rubberized entrance and a flap with two buttons. A sling is sewn inside, forming cells for self-attaching the sheath; side mortise pockets; Material: “Rip-stop”: 53% cotton; 47% polyester "Gretta": 53% cotton; 47% polyester "Standard": 60% cotton; 40% polyester Product weight: 46/176 size -589 g 50/176 size -654 g 54/182 size -690 g 58/188 size -703 g SIZE SELECTION: Download the size chart (. xls) to accurately determine the required size REVIEWS: Review from tankist_sssr YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN:

Casual suit for military personnel of the Russian Defense Ministry. Men's jacket: fastened at the waist with a zipper, with long sleeves, without lining. Turn-down collar with a stand-up collar and fastening of the corners with buttons. The pockets are fastened with contact tape. Below there are welt pockets “frame”, fastened with a zipper. The internal pocket for documents is fastened with a button. Trousers with a stitched belt fastened with a button. Color: Blue, green, black. Size: 88-132 Size: 84-100 Height: 158-200 Fabric: Rip-stop Fittings: Reinforced Color: blue, green, black. Material: rip-stop.

Winter jacket for the ground forces, navy and air force reliably protects against wind and snow. The insulation retains heat well, weighs little, does not deform, and does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection from severe frosts. CHARACTERISTICS Cold protection Regular cut For military operations Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation

Chrome boots with high tops, enlarged soft edging and blind flap made of eco-leather, reinforced toe cap made of thermoplastic material, hard heel made of thermoplastic material. Recommended for security workers, suitable for active recreation. Height: 220 ± 3 mm Gender: male Season: summer Main color: black Upper part material: genuine chrome-tanned leather Bottom part material: sole - thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) "RAMPON" Sole fastening method: side-stitched Shoe type: ankle boots Size chart See 22 ,5 23 23.5 24.5 25 25.5 26.5 27 27.5 28.5 29 29.5 30.5 31 Russian size (RUS) 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 EUR 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 UK 3.5 4 5 6 6.5 7.5 8 9 9.5 10.5 11.5 12 13 13.5 Determining your size Determine your size using the following chart: Place your foot on a blank sheet of paper. Check extreme boundaries Feet. Measure the distance between the furthest points of your foot. Find the appropriate size in the table above.

A summer suit consists of a jacket and trousers. Straight-cut jacket. The collar is a stand-up collar, the volume is regulated by a patch on a textile fastener. The central fastener has a detachable zipper closed with a flap with textile fasteners. Two chest patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. Pockets are located obliquely, in the direction of the hand. Back with two vertical folds for freedom of movement in the shoulder blade area. Single-seam sleeves. In the upper part of the sleeves there are patch volume pockets with flaps with textile fasteners, with belt loops on the inside of the flaps. In the elbow area there are reinforcement pads with an entrance for protectors with textile fasteners. At the bottom of the sleeves there are patch pockets for pens. At the bottom of the sleeves there are cuffs with textile fasteners to adjust the volume. Straight cut trousers. One-piece belt with seven belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by a cord with tips. Button closure. Two side slash pockets. On the side seams are two large patch pockets with three folds for volume. The upper part of the pockets is pulled together with an elastic cord with a clamp. The entrances to the pockets, designed obliquely to resemble the hand, are closed with flaps with textile fasteners. In the knee area there are reinforcement pads with an input for protectors with textile fasteners. At the bottom of the trousers there are patch pockets with flaps with textile fasteners. The volume on the bottom of the trousers is regulated by a braid. On the back halves of the trousers there are two welt pockets with flaps with a secret button fastening. In the seat area there is a reinforced overlay Fabric: Mirage-210, pe-67%, xl-33%

The MES summer trousers are incredibly comfortable thanks to the light and smooth Gabardine fabric, which is ideal for hot weather. The product does not fade in the sun, does not shrink after repeated washing, and does not wrinkle. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather Regular cut MATERIALS Gabardine (100% polye) Example of material pattern:

The advantage of MPA-56 trousers is their impressive versatility.There are a large number of pockets, the Molle system and reinforcing pads in the seat seam area. Thanks to the anatomical cut, you are provided with maximum freedom of movement. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather For intense use For active recreation For military operations MATERIALS Rip-stop

Lightweight UIS trousers provide comfort when working in hot weather. The "Gabardine" material does not wrinkle, does not lose shape when washed, and does not fade. Ideal for daily wear. CHARACTERISTICS Regular cut MATERIALS Gabardine (100% polye)

Police officer trousers, women's, are intended for use in the summer. The model is made of fabric (gabardine) with good breathability, does not deform during use, is resistant to dirt, does not electrify and does not wrinkle. Uniform trousers with a classic straight cut with red piping along the side seam. The waistband is stitched, with a button, and is adjustable with an elastic band. Two side pockets. The trousers are fastened with a button, the codpiece is fastened with a zipper. For an optimal fit, there are pleats on the front and darts on the back halves. Example of material drawing:

The police shirt is made of polyester-viscose fabric. Thanks to this fabric, the shirt will last longer, will not lose its original appearance even after numerous washes, and will not electrify. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather Regular cut MATERIALS 65% polye, 35% viscose

Lightweight boots are made of full grain leather. Valve and edging. leather. Even with tight lacing, moving over long distances will be easy and comfortable. The polyurethane sole is stable on various surfaces, be it wet grass in the forest or smooth stones in the mountains; they are not afraid of temperature changes and perform well in winter conditions. Sizes: 40-46 Boot height -24.5 cm. Gender: male Season: winter Main color: black Upper part material: natural full-grain chrome leather, faux leather tongue Lining part material: natural wool (70% wool, 30% PE) Bottom part material: TPE thermoplastic elastomer (Cross) Sole fastening method: glue-stitched Shoe type: ankle boots Size chart cm 22.5 23 23.5 24.5 25 25.5 26.5 27 27.5 28.5 29 29.5 30.5 31 Russian size (RUS) 35 36 37 38 39 40 Size determination Determine your size according to the following diagram: Place your foot on blank sheet of paper. Mark the extreme boundaries of the foot. Measure the distance between the furthest points of your foot. Find the appropriate size in the table above.

Ministry of Defense cap (office). The cap is made of ripstop fabric, olive color. According to temporary regulations No. 256/41/3101. On caps and caps there is a sign of distinction according to affiliation with executive authorities, where the law provides military service(golden-colored cockade), senior officers, in addition, have a visor and cap band with golden-colored embroidery.

The MPA-35 suit is designed for comfortable work of Ministry of Defense employees in hot weather. Consists of trousers and a jacket with long sleeves. The sleeves have reinforced pads in the elbow area. The bottom of the jacket is adjustable in volume. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather Regular cut For work in the headquarters MATERIALS Gabardine (100% polye)

The Soft Shell suit is purposefully designed to meet the stringent requirements of Special Forces operators. Designed to maintain a comfortable body temperature for the user during the cold season during vigorous activity, in bad weather, in wind and rain. The suit can be used as the base 5th layer of ECWCS Gen.III. Trousers MPA-28: -2 side patch pockets with Velcro flaps; - the side sections of the belt are pulled together with an elastic band; - on the bottom of the side seams - "lightning"; - perforated elastic band for attaching to shoes. Soft shell fabric breathes, does not tear, does not get wet, does not restrict movement!

Material: wool mixture - Classic trousers with piping along the side seam. -There are 6 belt loops on the belt. -Two side pockets. -One welt pocket with a flap on the back half of the trousers. - Red piping along the side seam

Police windbreaker. This statutory police windbreaker thanks to the use of high-quality membrane fabric with a density of 240 g. will be able to protect employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from any adverse weather conditions. A big feature of this jacket model is its resistance to wind gusts and moisture resistance. Inside the stand-up collar there is a hood, which can be easily adjusted along the front. Elasticated cuffs, an adjustable waistband, and a durable zipper hidden by a fabric strip with rivets will also provide protection from bad weather. Along the perimeter of the shoulder girdle, the product is complemented by sewn-in red piping. On the shoulder seams there are shoulder straps on the button, intended for attaching distinctive signs. color dark blue main features: uniform MVD material membrane wide size grid CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUIT Material: membrane Composition: P/E Density: 240 gr. Cuffs: yes Jacket/pants pockets: yes/no Seasonality: all-season Additional: statutory police windbreaker

Jacket with zipper and button closure, fur collar, insulated hood. The jacket has patch pockets, an internal pocket for documents, and shoulder straps with buttons. The lower pockets are insulated. The volume of the jacket is adjustable at the waistline. Gender: male Season: winter Main color: black Material: “Oxford” (100% polyester), pl. 110 g/m2 Upper fabric material: “Oxford” (100% polyester), pl. 110 g/m2 Insulation material: Synthetic winterizer 4 layers of 100 g/m2 Lining material: 100% nylon Regulatory technical documentation: GOST R 12.4.236-2011 Special clothing for protection from low temperatures (2-4 protection classes) Fastener: zipper " Country: Russia Size chart Men's size Chest circumference, cm Waist circumference, cm Hips circumference, cm 44/46 86-94 76-84 94-100 48/50 94-102 84-92 100-106 52/54 102-110 92-100 106-112 56/58 110-118 100-108 112-118 60/62 118-126 108-116 118-124 Male height Height Height of a typical figure, cm Growth interval of a typical figure, cm 1-2 158-164 155.0-166.9 3-4 170-176 167.0-178.9 5-6 182-188 179.0-191.9 Women's size Bust, cm Waist, cm Hip, cm 40/42 78-86 60-64 86-92 44/46 86-94 68-72 94-100 48/50 94-102 76-80 102-108 52/54 102-110 84-88 110-116 56/58 110-118 94-100 118-124 60/62 119- 126 104-108 126-132 Female height Height Height of a typical figure, cm Growth interval of a typical figure, cm 1-2 146-152 143.0-154.9 3-4 158-164 155.0-166.9 5-6 170-176 167.0-178.9

Warm and durable winter jacket. The most popular model. The website presents a camouflage version of this jacket. You can use false shoulder straps Quilted polyester lining together with padding polyester, which increases the service life of the clothing (the padding polyester stays in place during dry cleaning or washing) Front zipper with two locks, unfastens both at the top and bottom of the jacket Folds on the back to give additional freedom of movement Windproof flap covering the front zipper, knitted cuffs inside the sleeves prevent the cold from penetrating under the clothes. It is possible to complete the jacket with a hood, collar and lining. Stainless steel buttons are used. Pockets: 2 chest pockets and 2 at the bottom of the jacket. 1 internal pocket. Drawstrings: cord for tightening the belt and the bottom of the jacket. Material: Oxford ( Oxford) -100% nylon with PU coating "Tourist" -100% polyacrylic with polyamide coating Insulation: Synthetic winterizer 300 g/m 2 SIZE SELECTION: Download

A men's raincoat for employees of the Ministry of Defense with a straight silhouette will provide comfortable service and a presentable appearance at temperatures down to -15 degrees. Jacket fabric with a membrane in combination with insulation works as wind and moisture protection. CHARACTERISTICS Protection from cold Protection from rain and wind Regular cut Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation

Gorka-4 Anorak is further development mountain suit, designed for short-term maneuvering operations in harsh climates. The Gorka-4 suit is made of 100% cotton with a density of 270 g. per 1 m2 of khaki color, which is extremely resistant to abrasion and tearing. Key Feature The slide anorak suit is a solid, unfastened anorak jacket that is put on over the head. This design is designed for quickly equipping a fighter; during long marches, you will not be able to completely unfasten it to allow the underwear to dry, especially when wearing equipment on top. The jacket has one central, two side welt and two sleeve pockets. The deep hood, in addition to the obligatory drawstrings, is also equipped with a small visor that will protect your eyes from rain and sun. Elbows, shoulders, cuffs are reinforced with synthetic ripstop oxford fabric 0. The jacket is equipped with a sealing elastic band around the edge, anti-dust cuffs, adjustable sleeve volume, and a hidden elastic band above the wrist. On the sleeve there is a special pocket for a protective insert. Pants have six pockets. Two side slots, two cargo slips and two rear ones. All loaded areas of the trousers are reinforced with synthetic ripstop fabric, Oxford 0. Adjustable straps are sewn into the bottom of the trouser legs to protect them from dust, dirt and small stones. In the area of ​​the knee bend, elastic is sewn in at two points to prevent the fabric from fraying in the wind. The double-layer bottom of the legs and cuff prevents dust, dirt and small stones from getting into the boots. Pants also come with detachable suspenders. Main features: quick-drying material new model without front buttons CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUIT Material: tent Composition: 100% cotton Density: 270 gr. Linings: Oxford 0 Cuffs: yes Sealing elastic bands: yes Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: demi-season Additionally: no front buttons on the jacket

The army has always sought to differentiate itself from civilians in its clothing and hats. But unlike civilian fashion, army fashion has always been more conservative... Thanks to this, as well as respect for army traditions, some examples of military uniforms and hats of the armies of the world have survived to this day, which have not changed for almost hundreds of years.

And so, hats in the armies of the world. For convenience, we will arrange them in alphabetical order.

Balaclava– a headdress that covers the entire head, leaving only a small part of the face, such as the nose and eyes, exposed. Named after the city of Balaklava in Crimea. During Crimean War 1853-1856, such knitted helmets protected British troops from the cold. But another name for this item of clothing, a balaclava, was mentioned in print much earlier. In general, this headdress has become known since the 19th century.

Bandana- triangular or square scarf. Bandanas were originally used by American cowboys to keep out dust. They were tied around the neck so that they could be quickly put on the face. In the late 1980s and early 90s in California, bandanas were used as a sign of belonging to a certain criminal group.

Baseball cap It is a soft cap with hard edges and a visor. The history of the cap began in 1860, when players of the Brooklyn Excelsiors team began wearing it. By 1900, this headdress had become popular. In 1940, the modern baseball cap was born. The visor became much shorter and the hat became more comfortable. Currently, baseball caps have become a popular wardrobe item not only for athletes, but also for the military.

Beret. The modern beret comes from the traditional hat of the Pyrenean shepherds. Industrial production of this headdress began only in the 17th century in the south of France. And by 1920, berets were already produced by more than 20 French factories. The beret is part of the uniform of many military units of the armies of the world.

Capless cap- uniform headdress (cap without a visor) for soldiers, sailors, some junior commanders, and students of naval schools of a number of armies and navies. In the Russian army and navy since 1811. In 1872 Russian fleet Ribbons were introduced onto the caps, which indicated the name of the ship or the number of the naval crew. In 1921, a standard uniform for military sailors was approved.
Over time, the cap has undergone only minor changes. Instead of the name of the ship, the name of the fleet or naval school appeared on the ribbons. The peakless cap is a Russian national headdress. Many found its appearance beautiful and attractive; foreign sailors were so impressed by it that the Russian visor cap soon won recognition in all the navies of the world. American sailors wear visor caps that are more like Panama hats. Red pom-poms on the white caps of French naval sailors are a long-standing tradition. Previously, ships had cramped rooms with low ceilings, and the pompom protected the sailor's head from hitting their ledges. Now the ship's premises have become more spacious, but the tradition of using a red pom-pom on the white caps of French naval sailors has still been preserved.

Glengarry(Glengarry). A cap flattened from the sides (like a cap), decorated with two ribbons attached at the back and a small pom-pom sewn on top. Usually sewn from thick woolen fabric. According to legend, Glengarry was invented by British Colonel Alexander Reneldson MacDonnell of Glengarry at the end of the 18th century. The prototype for the new headdress was the national Scottish balmoral beret, also decorated with ribbons and a pompom. Glengarry was originally worn with work uniforms as a military headdress in the British Army. Glengarries later became popular with the British Army due to their practicality and ease of wearing. Also, glengarry began to be worn as the main headdress of the bagpipers of the Scottish regiments. Glengarries are usually black or dark blue in color, modern military glengarries are always dark blue. Today, Glengarry is worn by many Scottish regiments of the British Army.

Confederate- a quadrangular headdress in the Polish army known since the 18th century.

Keffiyeh(other possible spellings are kaffiya, kafiyah and keffiyeh) is a traditional Arabic headdress for men. Typically made from a piece of cotton, it looks like a scarf, sometimes with tassels at the ends. It was folded diagonally and tied on the head in a variety of ways using an agal (a loop or ring of thick twisted cord) or a ribbon. Most often, this headdress can be found in arid areas; it is worn to protect the head from the sun, and the eyes and mouth from dust and sand. Actively used in the armed forces of many countries.

Kepi is a type of cap with a flat round crown and a small visor. The kepi was originally the most common headdress in the French army. Its predecessor appeared in the 1830s during the occupation of Algeria, and was a lightweight reed frame covered with fabric. Later, cheapness made the cap the most popular military headdress, starting in the mid-19th century. Currently, the cap has changed somewhat and has become a very popular headdress.

Corps cap Marine Corps USA(utility cover, utility cap, eight-pointed cover). Also used by the Navy and US Coast Guard.

Bear hat. The famous hats of the British Royal Guards are made from the fur of the North American grizzly bear. Officers' hats are taller and shinier. The fact is that they are made from the fur of a male, and the hats of privates and non-commissioned officers are made from the fur of a female grizzly bear (it does not look so impressive). But the hats of ordinary guardsmen, which, so to speak, are inherited, from demobilized soldiers to young conscripts, serve for almost a hundred years, so members of the Animal Welfare Society can rest assured about the number of bears.

Pakol, pakul or chitarli. Pakul gained great popularity among the Pashtun tribes at the beginning of the 20th century, largely due to the bulkiness of turbans.

Papakha. In the Russian army, this headdress appeared in 1817 in troops leading fighting in the Caucasus. However, at that time it was just a fur hat. Since 1855, the papakha was the headdress of the troops of the Caucasian Corps and all Cossack troops. It was usually sewn from astrakhan fur, sheepskin or bear fur. An order of 1871 by the Military Department introduced a black hat made of smushka or merlushka (lamb skin) with a height of 15 to 25 cm. And in the Siberian and Orenburg Cossack troops, the so-called Trukhmenkas were adopted - shaggy hats of the Turkmen type. To the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 in active army They wore hats made of black lamb fur. In 1913, on the eve of the First World War, the entire army switched to hats. They were made from gray smushka, and were developed and introduced back in 1910.
In the Red Army, the hat was abolished for ideological reasons (“this is an attribute of the tsarist troops and the White Guard”) (as well as shoulder straps). But not for long. By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated April 23, 1936, it was reintroduced - however, only for the Don Cossack units. But already on February 1, 1941, by order of the military people's commissar, this Cossack hat was again canceled: from October 1, 1941, the army was supposed to begin the transition to new types of uniforms. Papakha in her modern form was introduced in 1940 for marshals and generals.
And in 1943, colonels were able to try it on. The hat was excluded from the list of items of equipment for defenders of the Fatherland in 1994 by Yeltsin’s decree, which then introduced a new, current uniform for military personnel. President Vladimir Putin returned the hat to the army in 2005.

Cap(garrison cap, side cap, wedge cap, field service cap). It is believed that the cap first appeared in the Austrian army in late XIX century. The prototype for it was the national Serbian shajkacha hat, which was worn by detachments of Austrian Serbs who attacked the Turkish border territories. In the Russian army, the cap was introduced during the First World War as a headdress for pilots. It could easily be hidden in a pocket and worn instead of a helmet after the end of the flight; a cap was not suitable in this case. For this reason, the cap (from the word pilot) was originally called a flight cap or flight cap. Over time, the cap became the uniform headdress of various military and paramilitary (pioneers, cadets, scouts, etc.) formations.

Field cap(patrol cap, field cap) - a soft cap with a hard, rounded visor and a flat top, which military personnel of some countries use when a combat helmet is not required

Fisherman's hat(bucket hat, fishing hat, beanie hat). It is a soft cotton hat with a wide brim that slopes downward. Most often, several holes are made in the crown, as a result of which ventilation occurs, and it is not so hot in the hat. These hats are used by the US Navy and Army, as well as in the armies of other countries. We call such a hat a “Panama”, although this is not entirely true.

Terai(terai). It is a hat for sun protection, with wide brims and ventilation in the crown, most often made of felt. This hat gained immense popularity in the late 19th century. Used as an alternative to a tropical helmet. Now these hats are worn mainly by units of the Nepalese Gurkhas.

Topee. A helmet with a wide brim and a hemispherical crown. Often has a chin strap and a pommel in the form of a small pike or emblem. Usually made from cork or plant fibers, and covered with fabric on top. The colonial helmet appeared in the British army in the mid-19th century during wars with other European powers over their colonies in the tropics and armed uprisings in India. The colonial helmet was later used by the Americans during the Vietnam and Korean wars. Today, the colonial helmet is an element of the dress uniform of some army units of Great Britain and the countries of the British Commonwealth.

Tam o shanter(tam o shanter). Traditional headdress in Scotland. Round hat with a tight-fitting band around the head and a soft, voluminous top. The top of the head is usually decorated with a pompom. They wear it twisted to one side. British and Canadian infantry began wearing khaki tam-o-shanters during World War II. In conditions of trench warfare, such a beret was the most practical alternative to another headdress - the Glengarry. Modern tam-o-shanters, worn by a variety of Scottish regiments, are distinguished by emblems and feather plumes of various colors. Now found only as the headdress of Scottish regiments in the British Army, and in some military units of Canada.

Turban(turban) - men's and women's headdress among the peoples of Asia and North Africa - a sheet of light fabric wrapped around the head. The turban is usually wrapped around a skullcap, fez or hat. Its production usually requires 6-8 meters of fabric, but some types of turbans require up to 20 meters of fabric. The turban is now worn in many armies where Sikh Hindus serve.

Ushankas are considered a traditional headdress in Russia. Ushanka is made of fur or sheepskin and is intended to protect against the cold. In 1934, the hat with earflaps took on the look familiar to everyone until now; it began to be worn by the Naval Forces of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. A black hat with earflaps consisted of an okol, a black cloth cap, a visor and a nape with headphones. In the lowered position, the headphones are tied with a braid, and in the raised position they are tucked into the back of the head. In accordance with the order of the People's Commissar of the Navy No. 426 of October 20, 1939, the cloth cap was replaced with a leather one, and a leather-covered button was also added. The hats of senior and senior command personnel were made from black merlushka fur, and the hats of mid-level command personnel and long-term service personnel were made from black tsigeika fur. Since 1940, the earflap hat has become the winter headdress of the army and police. The headdress was made of light sheepskin, although in the navy earflaps remained black.

Cap(forage cap). Headdress with a high crown, band and visor. Usually it is decorated along the band and the upper edge of the crown with a special belt, welt and cockades attached to the crown and band. The cap got its name from the word “fodder” (feed for horses). The fact is that the first caps appeared during the Napoleonic wars, and they were worn by Russian, Prussian and British cavalrymen who were searching for feed for horses. Today, the cap, in its various forms, is part of the military uniform of the armies of many countries around the world. It should be added that in Great Britain and the countries of the British Commonwealth the term forage cap is also used to refer to a cap.

Ranger Hat(campaign hat). These hats are also called sergeant hat or boy scout hat. A wide-brimmed felt hat, with a high top, symmetrically pinched on four sides, thus forming a peak in the center - the "Montana Peak". Initially, the top of the hat ended with a regular fold, but due to heavy tropical rains, the design of the hat was changed for the sake of practicality: water does not linger in the “Montana folds.” Today, these hats are worn by the Royal Canadian Police, the New Zealand Army, the US Armed Forces, US law enforcement agencies, and the Boy Scouts.

Pill hat(pillbox hat). A small brimless hat with a cylindrical crown; often completely flat, with a small groove encircling the center of the crown. It's hard to believe, but until recently, a pillbox hat, complete with a chin strap, was a military headdress. It is still used in this capacity in some countries of the British Commonwealth.