What are isolated members of a sentence? What are they? When do members of a sentence separate, and when not? In this article, we will deal with what separate members of a sentence are, what categories they are divided into, and also what are the rules for separation.

The concept of isolated members of the proposal

So, let's start, as is customary in such cases, with a definition. Separate members of a sentence are such secondary members that are distinguished by intonation and meaning. The emphasis is made so that they acquire “independence” within the framework of the entire phrase.

How are isolated members of a sentence distinguished?

Isolation in oral conversation occurs with the help of intonation. If we talk about writing, then the situation is somewhat different there. Commas are used to separate separate members of a sentence in the text.

Comparing Detached Members to Non-Detached Members

It is worth noting one simple fact: the syntactic weight of isolated members is much greater than that of their opposites. Consequently, the stylistic expressiveness also increases. It is impossible not to say about the logical selection.

What can be isolated in Russian?

Of all the members of the proposal, only secondary ones can be isolated. The main terms in the proposal have never been separated, and this is not expected in the near future.

Why is segregation necessary?

It allows you to draw attention to a particular piece of information. In addition, the fragment can be presented in more detail by resorting to isolation. As mentioned earlier, isolated secondary members of the proposal have more weight and greater independence. We immediately note that isolation can be very different. These are additions, and circumstances, and definitions. Next, we will try to deal with each of these categories, bring concrete examples for each group.

Isolation of clarifications

First of all, let's look at what separate clarifying members of a sentence are and why they are needed. As the name implies, such secondary members of the sentence serve to specify, clarify. They are inextricably linked by a syntactic function with one or another member of the sentence, the meaning of which they, in fact, explain.

When are qualifying members of a sentence separated?

1. Separate clarifying members of a sentence can be expressed by a definition. Example: “It was dark all around, very dark, I would say. So much so that it seemed like someone in this world just turned off all the lights.” In this case, the phrase “even very dark” has a clarifying meaning and is separated by commas on both sides.

It is worth noting that definitions with a clarifying meaning can be highlighted with a dash when writing. Example: “There were a lot of things in the house - both his personal ones and those that clearly did not belong to him.”

2. Circumstances that are relevant are singled out. They can be expressed as nouns with prepositions, as well as adverbs. For example:

• “Just a second passed - and somewhere nearby an explosion thundered, right behind him.”
• “Once upon a time here, in a quiet, little-known village, life flowed.” The third example: “It happened quite recently, just a couple of days ago.”

Explanation: in the first and second examples, the clarification is in the nature of a place. In the third - the nature of time. Often the isolation of clarifications depends on the author of the place.

3. Clarifications are isolated, attached with the help of the words “or”, “that is”, “precisely”. For example:

• “Whatever his name was. There were rumors that he was either a magician, or a mage, or a superhuman.”
• “It was a balanced, individual, that is, not imposed on him by anyone, decision.”
• “A lot was said about the terrible battle that took place here, namely: helmets and fragments of uniforms, craters from artillery shells, shells.”

4. The clarifying members of the sentence are separated, which are joined with the help of such words as “even”, “especially”, “including”, “in particular”. For example:

• “Everyone remembers that no one could defeat a magician, even those who tried to do it in a crowd.”
• “The victory was a joy for everyone, especially for those who sacrificed a lot for this.”
• “Another second - the detachment went on a breakthrough, including him.”
• “Many countries welcome Russian tourists with great joy, in particular Turkey is doing this now.”

Separation of add-ons

The types of separate members of the proposal include a group of additions. This is nothing but case forms applied to nouns. They are used with combinations such as “except”, “instead of”, “except”, “along with”, “excluding”, “besides”. Thus, it can be seen that phrases in such use have meanings corresponding to substitution and inclusion, exclusion.

Separation occurs depending on what is the semantic load, whether the author has a desire to highlight this fragment:

• “He was already feeling more or less stable, except that his leg was still a little sore.”
• “In addition to the rain promised the day before, the sky was lit up with branches of purple lightning, leaving their bright mark on the retina for a moment.”
• “Along with the questions that were waiting to be resolved at work, something had to be done with household chores.”
• “In addition to all this, there was another significant flaw in the product, which decisively deterred the purchase.”
• “And everything was fine, except, of course, some points.”

Note that if the preposition “instead of” is used in the meaning of “instead of”, then it is not isolated. Example: “In return for all the money promised, as he thought, by his friends, he received only promises, words and nothing more.”

Separation of circumstance

Separate members of the sentence are called, as we found out earlier, secondary members, distinguished intonation and with the help of punctuation marks. When do circumstances separate? This is what will be discussed further.

1. The circumstance is separated by commas on both sides, regardless of its location in the text, if it is expressed participle turnover. Example: “The two of them, holding their breath and holding their breath, waited for the shadow to slip further, past them.” Explanation: here “with bated breath” are homogeneous and isolated members of the sentence, expressed by adverbial turnover. There is an exception to this rule. The adverbial turnover is not isolated if it is a phraseological unit.
2. The circumstance is separated by commas on both sides, regardless of its location in the text, if it is expressed by a single participle. Example: "He left without looking back, although he understood what he had just done." Explanation: here “without turning around” acts as a single gerund. There is also an exception here. A single gerund is not isolated if it merges with an adverb in its meaning. Example: “While someone was saying something to me, I stood thinking.”
3. Usually two gerunds connected by the union “and” (as well as two single gerunds) are separated as one turn. Example: “I, despite the mistakes of others and not listening to common sense, continued to persistently trample my own path.” Explanation: here “despite the mistakes of others” and “not listening to common sense” are homogeneous adverbial phrases. However, they refer to the same word, so they are equal. Therefore, there is no comma between them.
4. A circumstance is isolated if it is presented as a comparative turnover. Usually in comparative terms, words like “exactly”, “as if”, “like” are used. There are some exceptions to the separation of comparative turns, they are not separated in all cases. In general, the isolation of comparisons and comparative phrases refers to the isolation of secondary members of sentences only sometimes, so we will not talk much about this in this article. Example: “My head hurt, as if something massive had been walked over it.”

There is such a concept in Russian syntax - optional. It means "at the discretion of the author". So, circumstances are optionally isolated in two cases:

1. If the circumstance is presented as a noun. In this case, the pretext may or may not be present. But most of all, when circumstances are isolated, which are expressed by a combination of nouns with certain prepositions. These are: “thanks to”, “despite”, “contrary”, “according to”, “depending on”, “to avoid”, “in view of”. Examples:

   - "Thanks to the availability of free time, he was able to solve almost all his problems."
   “Despite the rain, they still decided to go on a picnic.”
   - "Despite the threats, he did not change his policy in the slightest."
   - “According to the plan, all tasks were completed on time.”
   - "Depending on what decision will be made, a different fate awaited him."
   - “In order to avoid a fight, the people who were nearby separated them different angles”.
   “Due to unforeseen circumstances, it was necessary to decide something quickly, but thoughtfully.”

2. If there is a specification of the place, time. Example: “And yet it was impossible not to notice that here, in this place forgotten by civilization, some company once worked and prospered.”

How can you find isolated circumstances in the text? To do this, you must first find an ordinary circumstance. And then see if it really is separated by punctuation marks. After that, you can begin to analyze the question of how the isolated circumstance is expressed. It is easiest to start the search with gerunds, as well as single gerunds. Comparative phrases are no worse visible, which, as you remember, are also separate circumstances along with clarifications of place and time, the manner of a person's action. There is a questionnaire called the “Separate Members of a Sentence Test”. It usually gives tasks to search for isolations. There is a task according to which it is necessary to find a separate circumstance in the text, expressed by a participial phrase. It is logical that there will be not one gerund, but a certain set of dependent words. Clarifying circumstances can be found just as easily. To do this, simply search for words that are expressed by nouns in oblique cases. Next to them there should be adverbs, prepositions. These, in most cases, are isolated circumstances expressed by clarifications of place and time.

Signs of isolation

According to the rules of the Russian language, the signs of isolated members of the sentence can be divided into four groups. The first group is semantic features. The second is grammar. The third is intonation (that is, pauses and highlighting intonation). And the last, fourth group is punctuation marks. As mentioned earlier, punctuation marks such as commas are most often used as punctuation marks. But it is possible that the separation will be carried out with the help of a dash. Copyright punctuation is a rather complicated thing.

The role of isolation in Russian

Separation often allows you to endow this or that fragment of a text or phrase with some special meaning, to give it an informational weight that is different from that of other parts of the sentence. That is, due to isolation, a peculiar emphasis is placed on certain facts. During a conversation, we often, talking about something, without noticing it ourselves, highlight some words and even phrases with intonation. Accordingly, we are trying to achieve attention to these fragments, they play some special role in this or that situation. It may make some clarifications as well. Thus, summing up, we can say that the role of isolated members of the proposal lies in increasing the information load.

Test “Isolated members of a sentence”

Before proceeding to the final part of the article, where we will summarize its results, I would like to write my own, unique test with suggestions to help the reader consolidate the knowledge gained about the isolation of secondary members. Perhaps the test may seem easy to some, but in fact, it is precisely this kind of tasks that are used to identify knowledge among middle school students. educational institutions. Next, there will be a task to which you need to give an answer, then answer options, and after that an explanation for those who answered the task incorrectly and the correct answer.

1. What numbers correctly represent ALL the commas that should be in the text? “He went to the lake (1) which shimmered in the sunlight (2) and went somewhere further.”

Options: a) only 1; b) only 2; c) 1 and 2.

Explanation: “which shimmered in the sunlight and went somewhere further” - a construction consisting of two participial revolutions. Participle turnover is one example of a separate definition. “Shimmered in the sunlight” and “went somewhere further” are two equal participial phrases that refer to the same word. So there is no comma between them.

Correct answer: a.

2. In all the following cases, a sentence will be written immediately in which commas must be correctly placed. “Everything was fine (1) except (2) that a group of clouds (4) gathered into one whole was already looming on the horizon (3) predicting a thunderstorm (5) and heavy rain.”

Options: a) 1, 2, 5; b) 1, 3, 4; c) 2, 5; d) 1, 2, 4.

Explanation: “except” is an example of a stand-alone object. It does not stand at the beginning of the sentence and not at the end, therefore it is isolated from two sides at once. “A group of clouds gathered together” is a common definition, which is expressed by participial turnover. There will be no isolation at the checkpoint (3). But between the “clouds” and the “predicting” necessary comma. “Thunderstorm” and “shower” are two equal complements that refer to the same word. Therefore, there is no need for a comma between them.

Correct answer: Mr.

3. “The sky (1) gradually (2) darkened (3) occasionally illuminating with forks of lightning (4) and somewhere in the distance (5) thunder was heard (6) foreshadowing bad weather.”

Answers: a) 1, 2, 5; b) 2, 3, 4, 5; c) 3, 4, 6; d) 1, 5, 6.

Clarification: omissions 1 and 2 will not contain a comma, because there is no clarification there. “Sometimes illuminating with ramifications of lightning” is a common isolated circumstance, expressed by adverbial turnover. It will separate from two sides. “Foretelling bad weather” is a participial phrase at the end of a sentence. It separates on one side.

Correct answer: c.

Conclusion

So, what did we find out in the course of this article?

• Firstly, the use of isolated members of the sentence is done in order to endow the isolated fragment with independence and increased information load.
• Secondly, commas and dashes are used to isolate punctuation, and intonation is used in conversation.
• Thirdly, isolated members of a sentence can only be secondary.

Separate members of the proposal, the table for which will be presented below, may have the purpose of clarifying the time and manner of action, place. Often they are also expressed by gerunds, participles and turnovers. Comparisons are not ruled out at all.

One of the sections of the syntax is precisely the isolated members of the sentence. The Russian language presupposes the presence of such minor isolated members as: additions, circumstances, definitions, clarifications and comparisons.

The two branches of the science of language - syntax and punctuation - are always studied together. Simple cases of comma placement, for example, a mandatory comma before A and BUT, usually do not cause difficulties. But to isolate the secondary ones, knowledge of the basics of syntax is necessary.

Secondary members under a number of conditions can be distinguished from two sides and circumstance.

The circumstance in the sentence answers the questions of adverbs, as it denotes a sign of action or, much less often, not only an adverb, but also any independent element can act as a circumstance.

The isolation of circumstances expressed either by a single gerund, although it has its own subtleties, is easily assimilated by schoolchildren. The presence of a gerund in a sentence is a kind of signal for setting a comma.

Another thing is a clarifying circumstance. Examples of this kind are harder to find: they are not so obvious.

What is a clarifying circumstance?

Clarifying members, as is already clear from the term itself, clarify the information contained in the sentence:

All childhood friends, (who exactly?) Especially Mikhail, are very dear to me.

Dark (what exactly?) almost jet-black eyes stood out against his pale face.

A little girl ran into the room, (what exactly?) No older than our son.

A qualifier is always separated by a dash.

A separate clarifying circumstance in most cases specifies the time and place of the action.

If we have a clarifying circumstance of time, then the sentence, in addition to it, should contain generalized information about when the action is performed:

We left late in the evening, (when exactly?) at eleven o'clock.

At the end of August, (when exactly?) on the twenty-fifth, my only brother was born.

The specifying circumstance of the place details, narrows down the information about where the event described in the sentence takes place:

Andrei lives very close to us, (where exactly?) A five-minute walk.

Ahead, (where exactly?) in the very center of the road, we noticed a huge pit.

Geographical names and addresses are often specified:

Last summer we returned from another city, (where exactly?) from Vladivostok.

My friend moved to the Oktyabrsky district of the city of Samara, (where exactly?) to Michurin street.

Less common is a clarifying circumstance of the course of action:

The soldiers tried to speak as quietly as possible, (how exactly?) Almost a whisper.

Perepyolkin listened to me attentively, (how exactly?) With some special respect.

Clarifying circumstances with other meanings are also isolated.

For the correct punctuation, it is important to understand the context of the sentence:

Artists performed on the square in the city center. (The area is located in the central part of the city)

Artists performed on the square in the center of the city. (Artists perform on the square, located exactly in the center of the city).

A clue in isolating the clarifying members of a sentence is intonation. But it is not worth focusing only on semantic pauses in the speech flow; it is better to pay attention to the syntactic role of the construction and choose a question for it.

Separation of agreed definitions

Agreed definitions are separated if:

1) are expressed by participial turnover or turnover with the main word adjective and stand after the noun being defined: Event, left a deep mark on my life happened on the first of April. I lived my life full of surprises and betrayals.

2) such turns come before the noun being defined, but have an additional adverbial meaning (reasons, concessions, conditions, time): Scattered by weariness, the huge column stretched discordantly (which column? + Why was it stretched?).

3) single definitions make up homogeneous series and stand after a definable noun, which often has another (non-isolated) definition before it: Two years of a strange life have passed, silent, sad. poured rain, oblique, large, beating in the face. Single definitions are isolated if they have additional adverbial meaning: Mother is at home, sad, collected her son on the road. Stately, Beautiful, the young man immediately attracted attention.

4) common and non-common definitions, standing both before and after the word being defined, refer to the personal pronoun: Observant, he immediately noticed the sparkle of binoculars.

5) definitions are separated from the word being defined by other words: Furious, stood one against the other two living walls: red and white. An oak leaf broke away from a native branch and rolled into the steppe, driven by a fierce storm.

6) the definition is expressed short adjective or a brief communion(usually forming a homogeneous row mainly in poetic speech): The sun sailed into the sunset. / A ship wave driven, /Embraced by the fading light, / I wanted to slip under it.

NOT separate if:

1) stand in front of the noun being defined and do not have an additional adverbial meaning: Walked around the table tied to the leg hen. Three days later they got naked open to all winds bumps.

2) the noun itself in this sentence does not express the desired meaning and needs to be defined: He could hear things quite unpleasant for myself.... The wisdom and beauty of literature are revealed only before a person enlightened and knowledgeable.

3) the adjective or participle are not definitions, but the nominal part of the predicate: Taiga stood silent and full of mystery. Moon rose strongly crimson and gloomy, definitely sick.

Separation of inconsistent definitions

Inconsistent definitions are separated if:

1) it is necessary to emphasize their significance, highlight an important sign for the described situation (appearance, emotional state of a person, etc.): old woman, in a padded jacket and with a scarf on his head.

2) refer to a personal pronoun or proper name: Denis Antonovich, without a jacket, in slippers on bare feet sitting at the table with a newspaper.

3) make up a homogeneous series with agreed: And only in December snow will return back white, untouched, without a single speck.

Application isolation

Applications are separated if:
1) are common and stand after the word being defined: There is a nightingale, spring lover singing all night...
2) refer to the personal pronoun: We, gunners, fussed about the guns.
3) single applications are after the word being defined and have an additional independent meaning: Suddenly a young woman enters the room, typist.
4) stand before the word being defined and have an additional adverbial meaning, and if the word being defined is a proper name: Courageous and tireless innovator, the poet sought to convey in verse the iron tread of the revolution. Stubborn in everything, Ilya Matveevich remained stubborn in teaching.
5) the application is a proper animate name, which has a clarifying meaning: In the house, the daughter of the landowner quietly lived out her life, Katerina Ivanovna. Sakli owner, Sado was a man in his forties.
6) applications with union How have causal significance: Kiselyov, as a regimental commander, it was impossible to fight with a subordinate.
BUT! As a stylist, Chekhov is inaccessible - "inaccessible as a stylist" - there is no isolation.

7) applications are entered in words by name, by nickname, by nickname, by surname, by birth and the like: This student, named Mikhalevich, sincerely loved Lavretsky.

Exercise number 28. Fill in the missing punctuation marks. Specify separate agreed and inconsistent definitions and applications. State the terms of separation.

A. 1. My host doctor was an eternally busy, silent man. 2. A young guy in a torn sheepskin coat, blond and high cheekbones, was waiting for the Zemstvo doctor. 3. Behind the house one can see a blackened garden. 4. Yermolai had a cop dog called Valetka. 5. Accompanied by an officer, the commandant entered the house. 6. Attracted by the light, butterflies flew in and circled around the lantern. 7. It's a shame to me an old man to listen to such things. 8 The response received is considered as consent. 9. Taiga stood silent and full of mystery. 10. And illuminated by the pale moon, stretching out his hand in the sky, behind him rushes the Bronze Horseman on a galloping horse. 11. As an old artilleryman, I despise this kind of cold decoration ... 12. A cheerful southerner, he could make everyone laugh at the most difficult moment. 13. In a clean field, wavy and pockmarked snow is silvering. 14. As a high-ranking person, it is not appropriate for me to ride a horse. 15. In the hallway he came across Naum completely dressed and in a hat. 16. Suddenly the whole steppe shook and, engulfed in a dazzling blue light, expanded. 17. We know India as a country of ancient culture. 18. He could hear things rather unpleasant for himself if Grushnitsky guessed the truth. 19. In the yard surrounded by a fence of cobblestones, there was another shack.

B. 1. Oak as a very strong tree is used for the manufacture of parquet. 2. The arrows fired at him fell miserably back to the ground. 3. The color of the sky is a light lavender and does not change all day. 4. Wet to the last thread, they took me off the horse with almost no memory. 5. The son of a woman and an eagle, he (Larra) is distinguished by selfishness, arrogance, contempt for people. 6. A few years later, another ataman, nicknamed Shamai, set off in his footsteps. 7. Chernyshevsky created a work in the highest degree original and extremely wonderful. 8. Rich and good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom. 9. A pale light, like water slightly diluted with blue, flooded the eastern part of the horizon. 10. Her husband, a Putilov worker, was in prison twice before the war. 11. Here it is family life ... 12. I saw a wet man in rags with a long beard. 13. Mother returned home tired and irritated. 14. Kashtanka stretched, yawned, and angry, sullen, walked around the room. 15. He ran ahead of everyone without a hat with disheveled hair. 16. Paw-like maple leaves stood out sharply on the yellow sand of the alleys. 17. Colored autumn evening of the year smiles brightly at me. 18. Stunned by a heavy roar, Terkin bows his head. 19. A well-fed and contented puppy slept soundly. 20. Masha in a bright, sparkling suit stood out in a crowd of guests. 21. Always self-confident this time she was frightened.

Separation of circumstances

Circumstances are isolated if:

1) are expressed by participial turnover: greeting the morning, pheasants called from all sides.

2) are expressed by single gerunds and it must be emphasized, highlight this circumstance: Girl, not answering looked at the door.

3) the action called a single gerund does not coincide in time with the main action called the verb: having a rest he was about to leave.

4) Single gerunds form a homogeneous series of circumstances: Grunting and looking around, Kashtanka entered the room.

BUT! If a homogeneous series is expressed by an adverb and a gerund, then the circumstance is not isolated: The boy answered questions frankly and without embarrassment.

5) the circumstance is expressed by a noun with a preposition despite : Despite the bad weather the fishermen went to sea.

NOT separate if:

1) gerund or participial turnover close in meaning to the adverb: Until two o'clock, classes went on without interruption(continuous). Lived the Artamonovs not knowing anyone(closed).

2) the gerund is part of the phraseological unit: Rushing headlong(fast). work slipshod(Badly).

Separation of add-ons

The additions expressed by the forms of oblique cases of nouns with prepositions are optionally separated besides, besides, along with, apart from, apart from and the like. Such nouns name objects distinguished in any way from a series of similar objects: He did not know any joys, besides reading books. A hand that does not tire of working with rare exceptions, of good.
A number of researchers call these designs emphatic members of a sentence .

Sentences with clarifying isolated members

Clarifying sentence members specify or clarify the meanings of other sentence members. Clarifiers differ from semi-predicative isolated members in semantics: they do not contain an additional message, like semi-predicative ones, but only specify the existing message in any part of it: Near the house, near the porch, silently flowing nameless river. I was sitting in a birch grove autumn, about half of september . She has black, wide-open eyes and short, boyishly , trimmed curls.
Clarifying members call a more particular, specific concept than that indicated by the word being explained.
Qualifying words can be linked to qualifying ones with the help of words. especially, in particular, even, mainly, in particular, including, for example, moreover, and in general and the like. That's how they say explanatory sentence members : The Germans badly damaged Popov's garden, especially cherry trees.

Exercise number 29. Fill in the missing punctuation marks. Specify special circumstances and additions. State the terms of separation.

1. The horses stood with bowed heads and occasionally shuddered. 2. Kitty stood at the table and, as she passed, met Levin's eyes. 3. I really liked the story, except for some details. 4. Anfisa did not see anything on her husband's face except the former gleam of his eyes. 5. The captain said all this to me. 6. He talked about the walk laughing. 7. Yacht races will take place on Sunday if the weather is favorable. 8. Instead of a cheerful Petersburg life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side. 9. We were the shadows of Chuya's ancestors standing next to each other to death near Moscow. 10. Young jackdaws were circling above the bare trees playing. 11. Pantelei Prokofievich reluctantly entrusted Darya Bykov. 12. Sintsov answered questions reluctantly and without going into particular details. 13. In collective farms, due to prolonged rains, covered currents began to be equipped. 14. Despite the drought, the acorns were born to fame. 15. Despite the bad weather, the engines sing over the taiga. 16. Ivan Ilyich looked without looking up at the mirror-like bluish water. 17. Not a sound but the sighs of the sea. 18. The officers, with the exception of Solovyov, hurried out. 19. The weather was dry and warm throughout October beyond all expectations. 20. Lvov wrote convulsively without looking at anyone. 21. Between dogs, as between people, clever girls and fools come across. 22. This morning, shortly after sunrise, the volcano erupted. 23. Late in the evening, that is, at eleven o'clock, I went for a walk along the linden alley of the boulevard. 24. There, in the darkness, someone's eyes looked without blinking.

Homework
Exercise number 30. Indicate isolated secondary members, name the conditions for isolation.

1. Can a dwarf compete with a giant? 2. The disheveled, unwashed Nejdanov looked wild and strange. 3. The detachment that left early in the morning had already covered four versts. 4. Due to the many guests who came, no one slept alone. 5. And we will add cheerfully brewed tea to spiritual food. 6. We ran to the hut soaking wet. 7. Having chosen a dry sonorous tree, the forest musician, the motley woodpecker, drums. 8. The wind was still blowing strong now from the east, scattering snow and rain clouds. 9. Our camp in the bay, contrary to the expectations of many, dragged on. 10. The plane, along with the passengers, also captured the mail. 11. Yuri Gagarin went down in history as the world's first cosmonaut. 12. The mother lady with gray hair spoke more. 13. Already the willow is all fluffy spread around. 14. Sometimes Ilyusha, like a frisky boy, just wants to rush and redo everything himself. 15. Trifon Ivanovich won two rubles from me and left very pleased with his victory. 16. The expanse of the plain flowed into the sky hung with sharp clouds. 17. I say this as a writer. 18. Sergei Lazo was sent by the committee as commander in chief. 19. Father came upset by this message. 20. He, with his mind and experience, could already notice that she marked him. 21. As a true poet, Shishkin knows how to find a reason for creating a deep image in the simplest motive.

Sentences with complicating elements that are not members of the sentence

The clarifying members of the sentence occupy a special place in the grammar of the Russian language because of their role in the sentence, and also because they are isolated with the help of punctuation marks. So, the rules for isolating a clarifying circumstance must be remembered by every literate person.

Separate clarifying circumstance: meaning and emphasis in writing

As a rule, circumstances of time and place are clarifying - they also relate to the circumstance, revealing its meaning, supplementing and concretizing. It must be understood that when clarifying from a broader concept, they move to a narrower one. The easiest way to explain this is using examples of a separate clarifying circumstance.

In a sentence “I heard their stories in Greece, on Athos” circumstances of the place "On Athos" clarifies where exactly in Greece the story was heard. At the same time, the proposal “After work, at seven o’clock, I went to the store” the circumstance of the place specifies exactly what time the narrator had in mind when he says that it was late.

The circumstances of the mode of action can also be clarifying, but still much less often and usually we are talking about complicated members of the sentence. For example: “During the April rains, the river overflowed like a spring, stormy and noisy.” In this sentence, homogeneous circumstances of the course of action clarify the circumstance “in springtime”.

Thus, clarifying circumstances have three meanings - place, time and manner of action. Circumstances with other meanings cannot act as a clarifying member of the sentence.

To understand whether a given member of a sentence should be isolated, it is very important to determine this value, because if the author refers the circumstance to another category, then it will not be isolated.

How qualifying circumstances are separated

It all depends on the place that this member of the sentence occupies in its structure. If the clarifying circumstance is at the end of the sentence, then it is isolated with a single comma, which is placed before it. If it is located in the middle, then it will stand apart on both sides. At the beginning of a sentence, a clarifying circumstance cannot stand because of its function.

What have we learned?

A clarifying circumstance is a member of a sentence that refers to another circumstance, the meaning of which it complements and clarifies. There are three types of such clarifying members of the sentence - in this rodi, circumstances of place and time most often appear, less often - the manner of action. They are separated by one comma if the sentence member is located at the end, or two if it is in the middle. Circumstances with other meanings, except for the three above, cannot act as clarifying members of the proposal.

In the section on the question What is a separate clarifying circumstance? given by the author interrogate the best answer is Separation of clarifying circumstances.
Clarification is understood as a narrowing of the scope of a concept, its concretization. You need to remember the following points:
a) if the proposal has one circumstance, it cannot be clarifying;
b) clarifying circumstances can be of three categories: place, time, mode of action;
c) the clarifying circumstance should be after the circumstance of the same category and narrow, concretize its meaning; then it is separated by commas.
For example, in the sentence Just yesterday, foliage rustled in the garden for two circumstances, but there are no clarifying ones among them, since these circumstances are of different categories: yesterday - time and in the garden - places. In the following sentences, isolations have all the signs of clarifying circumstances: Under the hillock, in a deep ravine, the river Vertushka muttered (K. Paustovsky); Quietly, with fear, she told him something strange (M. Gorky). He shook his curls and self-confidently, almost defiantly, looked up at the sky (I. Turgenev).

Answer from 22 answers[guru]

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