Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions Lesson for studying new material in the 8th grade Starikova T.V., teacher of the MBOU "Ukrainian secondary school" of the Kosikhinsky district Altai Territory Blitz - poll:
- Homogeneous members are members of a sentence that answer the question of the same part of speech (although they may be different parts of speech).
- Syntactically homogeneous members are one member of the proposal.
- Homogeneous members of the proposal are to the same member of the sentence.
- Homogeneous members of the sentence form composing phrases.
- In a sentence homogeneous members May be as much as you like.
- Homogeneous members of the sentence are combined intonation and coordinating conjunctions.
Signs of homogeneous members
They answer the same question.
They refer to the same word.
equal and independent of each other. i.e., they are connected by a coordinating connection, a union can be put between them and.
Characterized by enumerative intonation.
In a letter, homogeneous members are separated by a comma
smiled in the clear sky.
2) Spring gentle sun
smiled in the clear sky.
Why do sentences #1 have commas, but sentences #2 don't.
1) Gorgeous, gentle sun
smiled in the clear sky.
2) Spring gentle sun
smiled in the clear sky.
1) Oak and fir forests grew across the river. 2) Dense fir forests grew behind the river.
HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS- They characterize an object from one side (by color, shape, size) or create a complete picture of the object.
- Combination of a single adjective with participle turnover.
- Connected to each other by a link. (You can put the union And).
- They refer to the same noun, they do not depend on each other.
- Pronounced with enumerative intonation.
- Definitions - epithets (artistic, emotional definitions).
- Three or more definitions.
- Describe an object from different angles.
- Often heterogeneous definitions are expressed by adjectives of different categories (for example, qualitative and relative). 3 . Only the closest definition applies directly to the noun, and the other applies to the entire phrase.
- There is no creative connection between them. (You can not put the union And).
- Definitions, when one is expressed by a pronoun or numeral, and the other by an adjective.
Eye charger
The main feature of homogeneous definitions is their equality in the sentence.
- Red, green, purple, yellow, blue panels of light fall on passers-by, glide along the facades.
- (The subject is characterized on the one hand - by color. In general, its definitions can be expressed in the word - multi-colored)
- A dark, dense, gloomy forest stood before us.
- (In this sentence, each definition, expressing its meaning, serves to characterize "a terrible, terrible forest." In such cases, it is possible to replace several definitions with one without changing the meaning of the sentence = terrible)
- That was the first joy of discovery, unclouded by any fears.
- A small, sometimes drying river was picturesque. BUT:
- In some places, a small river that dries up was picturesque.
- Bought a wide, comfortable table.
- Bought a wide and comfortable table.
- Conclusion:
- Homogeneous definitions are pronounced with enumerative intonation, allow the insertion of the union "and".
- A young, tender moon lay on the blue canopy of the night.
- An epithet is an artistic definition that not only indicates some quality, but also evokes a visible image of an object, person, phenomenon and forms a certain emotional attitude in the reader. Acting as an epithet, the adjective is often used in a figurative sense.
- On the road, winter, boring, three greyhounds run.
- He, betrayed, abandoned, almost unarmed, was still terrible.
- Bought a comfortable desk.
- Heavy autumn rain.
- Quiet summer morning.
- Conclusion:
- definitions are pronounced without enumerative intonation, the union “and” cannot be put between them
- They characterize an object from different sides, for example, by color and size (large red bow). Between them it is impossible to put the union And; throwing out any of them leads to a narrowing of the information of the sentence.
- They explain each other, i.e. one of the definitions depends on the phrase, which includes the noun being defined and another definition (red bow Which? big).
- Deprived of enumerative intonation (Alyosha gave him a small folding round mirror).
- O and O.
- O a O. (conjunctions can be used but, yes) 4. and O and O and O and O. 5. O and O O and O.
Connecting
opposing
Dividing
and, yes, no, no,
not only but
so - like
too, also
but, yes (but), but,
although, however
or, either,
then-that
not that - not that
or or
whether or not
Unions with homogeneous membersA comma is placed between homogeneous members
A comma is not placed between homogeneous members
Where to put commas?
Here are the simple rules.
If we repeat unions,
Or there are no unions at all,
Then put commas!
This is the right advice!
Union but, ah, but, yes
In the text you will find without difficulty,
You can put a comma
You are always in front of them.
But, my friend, do not rush:
In the meaning of "yes" you make sure!
Did you notice the double union
And timid for the first time?
Don't be afraid, put a comma
Before the part you are second.
1. Before single connecting or separating unions: and, or.
2. Before the union, which combines homogeneous members into pairs:
[ O and O, O and O ].
3. If two homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by repeating unions And or no no, form a stable combination (both day and night).
1. THIS SIGN
IS NOT CHARACTERISTIC
FOR HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS:
1. Characterize the object on the one hand.
2. Pronounced with enumerative intonation.
3. You can put the union AND if the definitions are connected
unionless relationship.
4. Characterize the subject from different angles.
3. SPECIFY
HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS
1. Regal oak forest
2. Beautiful slender trees
3. Wide linden alley
4. Narrow crimson stripe
4. SPECIFY
NON-HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS
1. Gloomy gloomy winter
2. Clay wooden utensils
3. Old manor house
4. Red yellow flags
Conclusion: In our speech, there are sentences with several members that answer the same question and, as a rule, refer to the same part of speech. In a sentence, they play the same role. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous.>> Russian language: Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions
"Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions"
The purpose of the lesson:
To consolidate knowledge of a homogeneous and heterogeneous definition and the practical skill of punctuation with a homogeneous and heterogeneous definition.
Lesson objectives:
Be able to competently and consciously use constructions with homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions in speech;
to cultivate love for the native land, respect for the historical past, moral feelings and beliefs;
to develop the creative, intellectual abilities of students, the skills of self-control and self-examination, peer review, mutual verification.
Lesson logic:
Motivation - actualization of leading knowledge and methods of action - designing a model for applying knowledge in standard and changed situations - independent application of knowledge - control and self-control - correction - reflection.
Lesson type: a lesson in consolidating knowledge and methods of activity.
Task for the first group:
Answer questions, choose examples:
What minor parts of the sentence do you know?
What part of a sentence is called a definition?
- What adjectives refer to qualitative, relative?
- What are the signs of a subordinating relationship "coordination"?
What part of speech words agree with the noun?
- Which coordinating conjunctions are connecting?
- What kind of divisive and opposing unions do you know?
Task for the second group:
Prepare a generalization story about the homogeneous members of the sentence according to the plan:
Definition of homogeneous members of the proposal.
- In what relation to each other are homogeneous members of the proposal and how do they connect with each other?
What part of speech words express homogeneous members of a sentence?
- Common and non-common homogeneous members of the proposal.
- The concept of the series of homogeneous members of the proposal.
- The syntactic function of the homogeneous members of the sentence.
- The task will be performed on a competitive basis.
Homogeneous definitions
Signs and conditions of uniformity
1. List the signs of different objects
2. Characterize the object from any one side, indicate the state
3. The following definition explains, clarifies the previous one
4. Between definitions, you can insert a union and
5. Stand after the word being defined
6. Expressed by adjective and participle turnover
7. Expressed by quality adjectives
Heterogeneous definitions
Signs and conditions of heterogeneity
1. Characterize an object from different angles
2. Expressed by relative adjectives
3. Expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives
4. You cannot insert a union between definitions and
Exercise 1
1. It was hot windless June days.
2. Something unusually wide, sweeping heroic stretched across the steppe instead of a road.
3. Frequent fresh tracks now and then crossed the road.
4. A huge dark cloud was rapidly advancing from the west and was soon covered by warm, heavy summer rain.
5. It's nice to return to the old tried and true place.
6. But still, on a good dewy morning, an old sparrow flies to the same apple tree.
7. Exhaust gas mixed with frosty snow dust was carried away by the speed of movement.
SCHEME: 3 + 3 + 1 = 7
Exercise 2
1. But the little cunning man knew that at his slightest touch the dog would rush at him with a squeal of joy and drown him.
2. And on a moonlit March night, opal light floats over the snows.
3. Vaska decided to track down where this crazy scary man was stealthily sneaking.
4. Near a small factory site, near warehouses, the lights of night lights flickered dimly.
Tasks for the exercise:
- Make parsing sentences in which the largest number of words with an unstressed main at the root.
- Make a chain that takes into account the number of sounds in the word. Start with the word touch. Follow the principle of gradually reducing the number of sounds in words.
A prop is a set of items for a theatrical performance.
- Scenery - the place set on the stage and the atmosphere of the theatrical action.
Homework
1. Traditional: $ 38, table in a reference book, ex. 300
2. Creative task: do you live in a city or countryside? Or maybe in the winter in the city, and in the summer - in the village? Do you agree that “a city dweller rarely meets the earth?” Write an essay-reasoning in the form of an answer to the writer, using as many homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions as possible.
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Volodina Nina Nikolaevna, teacher of Russian language and literature, budgetary educational institution of the city of Omsk "Secondary comprehensive school No. 16"
slide 2
The purpose of the lesson: to deepen the understanding of definitions, to consolidate the skills of recognizing homogeneous and
heterogeneous definitions in the text, their graphic representation.
slide 3
CHECK HOMEWORK (PUNCUCT)
1. I lived as an underage chasing and playing leapfrog with the yard boys.
2. No, let him serve in the army and pull the strap and sniff the gunpowder.
3. I took on an air of indifference and, turning to Savelitch, who had both money and linen and my caretaker, ordered me to give the boy a hundred rubles.
slide 4
REPETITION Make a number of diagrams of homogeneous members of the sentence.
"My blow was true and fast"
“and I remembered the ringing of chain mail, and
the gleam of a gun, and proud
unyielding gaze, and young
my sisters"
"find out for the will or prison
We will be born into this world,
“He suddenly subsided, then stronger
it resounded in silence,
“It was a simple song, but in
thought she lay down on me,
as if I myself was born in
family of leopards and wolves.
slide 5
In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and
support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! I.S. Turgenev.
slide 6
HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS
- They characterize an object from one side (by color, shape, size) or create a complete picture of the object.
- Connected to each other by a link. (You can put the union and).
- Equally directly related to the noun being defined.
- Pronounced with enumerative intonation.
- Definitions - epithets (artistic, emotional definitions).
NON-HOMOGENEOUS DEFINITIONS
- Describe an object from different angles.
- Only the closest definition applies directly to the noun, and the other applies to the entire phrase.
- There is no creative connection between them. (You can not put the union and).
- Often heterogeneous definitions are expressed by adjectives of different categories (for example, qualitative and relative).
Slide 7
WORK WITH TEXT
The girl whom he called his sister seemed to me at first sight to be very pretty. There was something of her own, special, in the make-up of her swarthy, round face, with a small, thin nose, almost childish cheeks, and black, bright eyes.
Returning home, she immediately went to her room and appeared only at dinnertime, dressed in her best dress, carefully combed, tied up and wearing gloves. At the table she behaved very decorously, almost primly, she hardly tasted food, and drank water only from a glass. She obviously wanted to play a new role for me - the role of a decent and well-bred young lady.
He had just such a face, sweet, affectionate, with big soft eyes and soft curly hair.
Slide 8
SELF-TEST
Homogeneous definitions
- black, bright eyes,
- decent and well-bred young lady,
Heterogeneous definitions:
- swarthy round face,
- with a small thin nose,
- big soft eyes
- soft curly hair,
Slide 9
REINFORCEMENT OF LEARNED
Make 5 phrases with heterogeneous definitions
Make 5 phrases with homogeneous definitions
Slide 10
HOMEWORK
The Russian language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, dexterous, obedient. (A. Kuprin.)
Language is an instrument of thought. To treat language somehow means to think somehow: inaccurately, incorrectly.
(A. Tolstoy.)
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property handed down to us by our predecessors. (I. Turgenev.)
Rewrite the statements of writers about the Russian language, find homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.
Produce morphological analysis words melodious and Russian.
Explain the placement of the dash in the second sentence.
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Slides captions:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions
Homogeneous definitions are directly related to the defined (main) word, while among themselves they are in an enumeration relationship (they are pronounced with an enumerative intonation and you can put a union between them and): Blue, green balls. - Blue balls. Green balls. Blue and green balls. homogeneous definitions
1. Designate features different items: Red, green balls - red and green balls; the balls were red; balls were green. homogeneous definitions
2. Designate various features of one object, characterizing it on the one hand; A devastated, burned city - a devastated and burned city; the city was ruined; the city was burned down. homogeneous definitions
3. They characterize the subject from different angles, but in this context they are united by some common feature; Lunar, clear evening - "lunar, and therefore clear"; hard, gloomy times - "hard, and therefore gloomy." homogeneous definitions
4. Under the conditions of the context, synonymous relations are created between the definitions Dull, pressing pain in the chest - in this context, the forms dull and pressing act as synonyms, that is, as words that are close in meaning. homogeneous definitions
5. They are artistic definitions - epithets; Round, fish eyes. homogeneous definitions
6. They form a gradation, that is, each subsequent definition enhances the feature expressed by it; Joyful, festive, radiant mood. homogeneous definitions
7. A single definition is followed by a definition expressed by a participial turnover, that is, a participle with a dependent word; Black, | smoothly combed | hair. homogeneous definitions
Note! a) it should not be a single participle, but a participle with a dependent word (cf .: black combed hair); b) the participial turnover should be in second place (cf .: smoothly combed black hair); c) a comma is placed only between homogeneous members; after participle turnover, if there are no special separation conditions, a comma is not put. homogeneous definitions
8. Stand after the word being defined; Hair is black, combed. homogeneous definitions
9. The second definition explains the first - between the definitions you can put a union that is or namely. Normal, peaceful coexistence of states. - normal, that is, peaceful coexistence of states. homogeneous definitions
Heterogeneous definitions are not pronounced with enumerative intonation, usually it is impossible to put a union between them and. heterogeneous definitions are otherwise associated with the defined (main) word. One of the definitions (the nearest one) is directly related to the word being defined, while the second one is already connected with the phrase, consisting of the main word and the first definition: heterogeneous definitions
Long freight train. The closest definition to it is directly related to the main word train - commodity. The definition of long is associated with the whole phrase - a freight train. (The freight train is long). heterogeneous definitions
1. They characterize an object from different angles, in different respects, that is, they express signs related to different generic (general) concepts: Large stone house “size and material”, cf.: the stone house was large; White round clouds “color and shape”, cf.: round clouds were white; Pot-bellied walnut bureau “shape and material”, cf.: the walnut bureau was pot-bellied; heterogeneous definitions
more often expressed: pronoun and adjective; My old house. qualitative and relative adjectives; Large stone house. relative adjective and single participle; launched Orchard. relative adjectives. Author's rough sketches. heterogeneous definitions
Remember: inconsistent definitions are usually homogeneous, that is, separated by commas. Homogeneous are usually combinations of coordinated and inconsistent definitions. A young man of about twenty-five entered, shining with health, with laughing cheeks, lips and eyes.
When clarifying the homogeneity - heterogeneity of definitions, variability is possible. “It was a hot sunny day” “hot” and “sunny” - heterogeneous denote different signs: hot - temperature; sunny - lack of clouds and illumination
“It was a hot, sunny day” “hot” and “sunny” - homogeneous signs are different, but they are interconnected and interdependent: the day is hot because it is sunny, and if it is sunny, then it is hot.
1. Specify homogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed): 1) white blue balls; 2) old oak floor; 3) a new silk blouse; 4) a large black stone.
2. Indicate heterogeneous definitions (punctuation marks are not placed): 1) A gloomy gloomy look; 2) Clay wooden toys; 3) Old manor house; 4) Red blue flags.
3. Give an example with a punctuation error: 1) Evening light is reddening in the fields. 2) Last year's road track is overgrown with chamomile. 3) In the early May morning, the lights of beacons go out on the coastal meadows. 4) On a cool July day, I sat on the bank and admired the river.
4. In which sentence do you need to put a comma? 1) A long freight train rushed past the station. 2) This small flashlight is handy for camper. 3) Old slender birch trees grew near the clinic. 4) It was not difficult to notice hare and squirrel tracks on the fresh snow.
5. What word should be chosen for the phrase porcelain dishes so that the definitions become homogeneous? 1) old; 2) broken; 3) faience; 4) white.
Check: 1. - 1) 2. - 3) 3. - 1) 4. - 4) 5. - 3)
