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M.Yu. Lermontov. The poem "Mtsyri" The history of the creation of the poem, the theme and idea of ​​​​the work, the meaning of the epigraph. Composition.

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Epigraph of the lesson I lived a little, and lived in captivity. Such two lives for one, But only full of worries, I would trade if I could. M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

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The history of the creation of the poem. In 1837, Lermontov decided to write “notes of a young monk of 17 years old. Since childhood, he did not read books in the monastery, except for sacred ones. A passionate soul languishes." From this recording to the appearance of "Mtsyra" 8 years have passed. during this time, the poet several times turned to the conceived plot. First, he writes the poem "Confession", which takes place in Spain. A monk hero who broke his vow, fell in love with a nun and was sentenced to death. In 1835-1836, the poem "Boyarin Orsha" appears.

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The poem “Mtsyri” was written in 1839 “When Lermontov, wandering along the old Georgian Military Highway (it could have been in 1837), studied local legends, ... he came across in Mtskheta ... a lonely monk, or, rather, an old monastery servant , "beri" in Georgian. The watchman was the last of the brethren of the abolished nearby monastery.

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The emergence of the idea of ​​the poem "Mtsyri" Lermontov's biographer P.A. Viskovatov connects with the poet's journey along the old Georgian Military Highway. Lermontov visited the ancient capital of Georgia, the city of Mtskheta, located at the confluence of the Aragva and Kura rivers. While visiting the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, the poet met a lonely monk who told him his story. The Georgian military road near Mtskheta. Drawing by M.Yu. Lermontov

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Lermontov talked to him and learned from him that he was a mountaineer, captured by a child by General Yermolov during the expedition. The general took him with him and left the sick boy to the monastery brethren. Here he grew up; For a long time he could not get used to the monastery, he yearned and made attempts to escape to the mountains. The consequence of one such attempt was a long illness that brought him to the brink of the grave. Having recovered, the savage calmed down and remained to live in the monastery, where he became especially attached to the old monk. The curious and lively story “take it” made an impression on Lermontov. In addition, he touched on a motive already familiar to the poet, and so he decided to use what was suitable in Confession and Boyar Orsha, and transferred all the action from Spain and then the Lithuanian border to Georgia.

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The emergence of the poet's idea was also influenced by impressions of the nature of the Caucasus, acquaintance with Caucasian folklore. P. A. Viskovatov writes (1891): “The old Georgian military road, traces of which are still visible today, especially struck the poet with its beauties and a whole string of legends. These legends had been known to him since childhood, now they were renewed in his memory, rose in his fantasies, strengthened in his memory along with mighty, then luxurious pictures of Caucasian nature. One of these legends is a folk song about a tiger and a young man. In the poem, she found an echo in the scene of the battle with the leopard.

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M.Yu. Lermontov. View of the Cross Mountain from the gorge near Kobi. Autolithograph painted with watercolors. 1837–1838

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“Blue mountains of the Caucasus, I greet you! You cherished my childhood - you carried me on your wild hands, dressed me with clouds, you taught me to the sky, and since then I have been dreaming about you and about the sky ”M.Yu. Lermontov. 1832.

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To you, the Caucasus, the stern king of the earth, I dedicate again a careless verse... As a child, with timid steps, I climbed the proud rocks, Wreathed in misty turbans, Like the heads of ala worshipers. There the wind flaps its free wings, There the eagles flock to spend the night; I flew to visit them with an obedient dream ...

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... What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. V.G. Belinsky I knew only one thought power, One - but a fiery passion: She, like a worm, lived in me She gnawed my soul and burned it. She called my dreams From stuffy cells and prayers Into that wonderful world of anxieties and battles… M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" Mtsyri. Figure F.D. Konstantinov

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- artistic generalization, expressed in particular. Showing the general qualities in the individual. “... And through our whole life we ​​carry in our souls the image of this person - sad, strict, gentle, powerful, modest, courageous, noble, caustic, dreamy, mocking, shy, endowed with powerful passions and will and a penetrating and merciless mind ... "I. Andronnikov Image in Literature

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The theme and idea of ​​​​the work The epigraph to the poem (“Eating, tasting little honey, behold I die”) is taken from the biblical legend about the Israeli king Saul, his son Jonathan, a young man “unfit and rebellious,” as his father called him in the heat of anger. The first epigraph "There is only one motherland" (French saying). Why, in your opinion, did the poet abandon such an epigraph and turn to the Bible (“Eating, I tasted little honey, now I am dying”)? How is the epigraph related to the theme and idea of ​​the work?

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The theme "Mtsyri" is an image of a strong, courageous, rebellious person who was taken prisoner, who grew up in the gloomy walls of the monastery, who suffers from oppressive living conditions and decided at the cost of risk for own life to break free at the very moment when it was most dangerous: And at the hour of the night, a terrible hour. When the storm frightened you, When, crowding at the altar, You lay prostrate on the ground, I ran away.

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The idea of ​​the poem The idea is the best 3 days of real life in the wild than many years of imprisonment within the walls of the monastery. Where a person does not live fully, but exists. For a hero, death is better than life in a monastery.

M.Yu.Lermontov.

Analysis of the poem

"Mtsyri".

Novik N.G., teacher of the Russian language and literature, SBEI JSC "Vychegodskaya SKOSHI".

Tasks:

Develop text analysis skills.

Identify ways to reveal the image of the main character of the poem.

Reveal the structural features of the poem.

Continue work on improving the ability to build a monologue statement, compare, draw conclusions.

Raise interest in the work of the poet.

Good afternoon

Draw conclusions and reason.

And so that the lesson goes to everyone for the future,

Get active, my friend!

Poem - a type of lyrical epic work, the main features of which are the presence of a plot and the image of a lyrical hero.

Romanticism - a literary movement that appeared in Western Europe(England, Germany, France) and flourished in European and Russian literature in the 19th century.

Romanticism is characterized by the following features:

• The hero is a loner who dreams of freedom, opposed to everyone, cannot find happiness in real life.
• An exceptional hero in exceptional circumstances (in captivity, in an unusual environment for himself, in the bosom of nature, in the mountains, etc.).
• A special romantic dual world is characteristic: the world in the hero's soul and the real world are opposed and in conflict with each other.

Vocabulary work:

• Mtsyri - in Georgian means "non-serving monk", "novice".
• Acolyte - a person living in a monastery and preparing to become a monk.

Vocabulary work:

Plot - the main episodes of a work of art, arranged in a certain sequence.

Repeat the concepts of "fable", "morality", "allegory",

Vocabulary work:

Conclusion: The plot of the poem is not the external facts of Mtsyri's life, but his experiences. All the events of Mtsyri's three-day wanderings are shown through his perception.

Repeat the concepts of "fable", "morality", "allegory",

1) Prologue (1 chapter)

What do we learn in the prologue?

- Where do the events of the poem take place?

- Give a description of the monastery.

The monastery stood at the place where the rivers … and … merged. From - behind are visible ... collapsed ..., and ..., and church ...; not smoking under it ... fragrant smoke, not audible ... praying monks.

The backstory of the main character 2 chapter).

-Where did the Russian general go and who was he taking?

- Tell his backstory. How did the hero end up in the monastery?

- What did he look like? Write a description of it.

The child was six years old. On the way he fell ill. The child was shy and wild, weak and flexible. But he had a powerful spirit. The boy suffered from the disease quietly, did not utter a groan. He ate nothing and died proudly.

Vocabulary work:

• Get sick - get sick fall ill.
• languish - suffer.
• Look down - provide shelter and food.
• Take a monastic vow - accept monasticism, become a monk.

Repeat the concepts of "fable", "morality", "allegory",

How did the boy live in the monastery?

Why is he looking east?

What did he want to do in his prime?

-What happened to him?

-What did he look like?

- Confession Mtsyri (3-23 chapters).

• What is the main part of the poem? Why?

The central part of the poem is the confession of the hero. This form is chosen by the poet because in this way the reader can better understand inner world the main character, his dreams.

What is a "confession"?

Confession - a frank confession of something, a message of one's thoughts, views.

• What dream did Mtsyri harbor in his heart?

The hero dreams of “although for a moment someday I will press my flaming chest with longing to the chest of another, at least unfamiliar, but dear.”

- How, according to Mtsyri, is life in a monastery different from the life he spent in the wild? (ch.8)

(Do you want to know what I did / In the wild? I lived - and my life / Without these three blessed days / It would be sadder and gloomier / Your powerless old age ...). Nature reveals to Mtsyra the meaning of life: everything is born not for prison, but for the will.

- What tests fell on the lot of the hero at large? How did he react to these trials?

Meeting with a jackal and a snake, with a girl, with a leopard, a thunderstorm in the forest (commented reading).

-Whom did he meet at the mountain stream? We find lines about a girl who liked Mtsyri (ch. 13)

How does the poet describe nature at night?

-What purpose did Mtsyri have in his soul?

Why was he hungry while in the forest?

-Mtsyri did not know tears since childhood, but then he cried without shame. Why?

Who did he meet at night in the forest?

How does the poet describe the leopard?

(ch.16)

- Describe the fight with the leopard.

(ch.17-18)

-What qualities of Mtsyri showed up in the fight with the leopard?

Courageous, fearless, courageous, mortal danger does not give rise to fear, but courage, he revels in the struggle .

- What does “live” mean for Mtsyri?

“To live” for Mtsyra means to feel: to experience fear, hunger, to enjoy the beauty of nature and women, to feel one’s strength, courage, love of life.

- What is the last request of the protagonist?

(When I begin to die, And, believe me, you won't have long to wait, You led me to be transferred To our garden, to the place where two white Acacia bushes bloomed ... From there you can see the Caucasus! Perhaps he will send me his farewell greetings ...) .

HOMEWORK

Learn excerpts from the poem "Mtsyri".

Reflection

learned well

well understood and can be put into practice

learned well

but there are questions

much is unclear

Lesson objectives: to get acquainted with the history of the creation of the poem; identify the structural features of the work; characterize Mtsyri; penetrate the author's intention; identify ways to reveal the image of the protagonist of the poem; draw conclusions about the features of the poem "Mtsyri" as a romantic work.

The story of the creation of the poem "Mtsyri" The action of the poem "Mtsyri" takes place in Georgia. Biographer Lermontov P.A. Viskovatov connects this with Lermontov's journey along the old Georgian Military Highway. Then the poet visited the city of Mtskheta, which was the old capital of Georgia, where he met a monk from the Javavari monastery, who told him his story. The story of the monk served as the basis of the poem "Mtsyri". In 1837, Lermontov came up with an idea: “notes of a young monk of 17 years old. Since childhood he has been in a monastery; except for sacred books, I did not read. A passionate soul languishes. Ideal…” Two years passed from this recording to the appearance of the poem.

Romanticism is a creative method consisting in the artist's desire to oppose unusual images and plots that do not satisfy him, images born of the artist's dream. Romantic hero - the image of a hero, which is characterized by an active life position, the desire to intervene in life and change it (among active romantics).

3. You came here to listen to my confession, thank you. I lived a little, and lived in captivity 4. I could not say the Sacred words “father” and “mother” to anyone. 5. What is the need? You lived, old man! You have something in the world to forget, You lived - I could also live! 6. Do you want to know what I saw in the wild? Quote Plan

Comparisons: ... Hills covered with a crown of Trees that have grown all around, Noisy with a fresh crowd, Like brothers in a circular dance. I have seen mountain ranges, Fanciful, like dreams, When in the hour of dawn They smoked like altars, Their heights in the blue sky. In the snows burning like a diamond.

Metaphors, combined with the personification: Stretched in the air for a long time Embrace their stone, And yearn to meet every moment. Alliteration: In the distance, I saw through the mist, In the snows burning like a diamond, The gray-haired, unshakable Caucasus... A secret voice told me, That once I lived there, And the past became clearer, clearer in my memory... (almost complete absence of sound r) . Let us single out the opposition: “gravestones”, “gray-haired old man” / Half-dead guard ruins” - living, animated nature, whose thoughts Mtsyri guesses.

7. And I remembered my father's house Do you want to know what I did In the wild? Lived ... Quote Plan

Analysis of the poem Mtsyra's life in the monastery is not described in detail, since the main thing in this life is serving God. There is nothing personal here, only a complete renunciation of everything worldly - prayers and fasts, and no return back. Mtsyri's escape is an escape from captivity. The hero refuses to obey, he does not accept the values ​​by which everyone else lives in the monastery, he needs something more. The main part of the poem is aimed at revealing the inner world of the hero, for which Lermontov chose the form of a monologue - confession.

Mtsyri is a proud, brave, rebellious man who grew up within the walls of a monastery, but one thought only occupied him: where is that wonderful world called freedom? What was he born for? Is there a place for him here, within the walls of a stuffy monastery? And so he decides to run away.

Mtsyra's escape is an escape from captivity, the hero refuses to obey, he does not accept the values ​​​​by which everyone else lives in the monastery, he needs something more: I knew only one thought power, One - but fiery passion: She, like a worm, in I lived Gnawed my soul and burned it. She called my dreams From stuffy cells and prayers Into that wonderful world of anxieties and battles ... Mtsyri is a powerful, fiery nature, the main thing for him is gaining freedom, rejection of bondage and humility. The death of the hero does not overshadow the poem - he lived during these three days all his life, which he would not have received in the monastery.

The composition of the poem is not sustained in the same sequence: the 1st chapter describes an abandoned monastery, the 2nd one introduces us to the life of a novice, and all the other chapters are the confession of the hero, his life in three days. Thus, the main part of the poem is aimed at revealing the inner world of the hero, for which the form of a monologue - confession was chosen. So, the composition of the confession makes it possible to follow the thoughts of the hero, gradually reveal his inner world

"Mtsyri" is a call to fight, to freedom, a rejection of humility and submission to fate. What is the meaning of human life? Why does he appear? For obedience to circumstances or struggle for the best? Lermontov shows his choice. Think about these questions and you.

Conclusions. Features of the composition of the poem. The poem consists of an introduction short story the author about the life of Mtsyri and the confession of the hero, and the order in the presentation of events has been changed. The plot of the poem is not the external facts of Mtsyri's life, but his experiences. All the events of Mtsyri's three-day wanderings are shown through his perception. These features of the plot and composition make it possible to focus all attention on the character of the central character. The short epic story of the narrator is replaced by the hero's excited lyrical monologue, part of which is a "hidden" dialogue (an element of drama). The combination of iambic tetrameter with paired masculine rhymes and the agitated intonations of the poem, expressed through syntax, rhetorical questions and exclamations, creates a feeling of unbending will, fortitude, and fragility, trembling of human life.

You also remembered: what is romanticism; that the concept of a “romantic hero” includes: the rejection of the hero by society, his loneliness, rebelliousness and, most often, early death; that a romantic poem is characterized by an exotic landscape. All this led to the conclusion that the poem "Mtsyri" is romantic.

The presentation was prepared for open lesson on the topic: “For will or prison, will we be born into this world?” M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" (Working out the elements of the analysis of a work of art). The main objective of this presentation is to show the unusual, courageous, freedom-loving nature of the protagonist, to make the children feel the position of the author, his attitude towards his hero, to reveal Lermontov's understanding of the ideal hero, to teach them how to solve problematic issues. Finally, explain what is the unusual attraction of Lermontov's heroes, why the poet's works are relevant in our time.

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An open lesson on the topic: “For will or prison, will we be born into this world?” M.Yu. Lermontov. "Mtsyri" (Working out elements of the analysis of a literary text) Prepared by a teacher of the Russian language and literature of the MKOU secondary school No. 3 of Neftekumsky municipal district Stavropol Territory Musakadieva Anzhela Abdulaevna

Epigraph of the lesson: What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyra has! VG Belinsky I lived a little, and lived in captivity. Such two lives for one, But only full of worries, I would trade if I could. M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

Objectives of the lesson: 1. To characterize Mtsyri, to penetrate the author's intention, to identify ways to reveal the image of the protagonist of the poem. 2. Working out the elements of the analysis of a literary text. 3. Preparation for an essay on the topic “How do I see Mtsyri?”

The main question of the lesson: What is the mystery of Mtsyra?

Problematic question Can a person manage his life and have the right to freedom, even if it brings death?

The history of the creation of the poem Temple of Jvari, where Lermontov's Mtsyri lived

The meaning of the epigraph "Eating, tasting little honey, and now I die"

Genre of the poem 1. The meaning of the title of the poem "Mtsyri". 2. Theme and idea of ​​the work. 3. The plot and composition of the poem. 4. Conclusion.

Psychological portrait of Mtsyra 1. Mtsyri's monologue - confession or dialogue-argument? 2. What is the attitude of the author to his hero? 3. Analyze the poem and answer the questions posed.

Fight with a leopard What qualities of Mtsyri appear in the battle with a leopard? What comparisons does the poet emphasize the closeness of his hero to nature? Find quotes confirming that this episode is a hymn to strength and courage.

The attitude of the author to the hero through the description of nature 1. What did Mtsyri see in the wild? 2. How do the author and his hero understand what happiness is? 3. What linguistic means reveal the harmony of relations between the hero and the forces of nature?

MONASTERY Mtsyri reproaches God for giving a prison instead of the Motherland - the theme of captivity: restriction of movement, guards, lack of struggle, rejection of any manifestations of life, life against the laws of nature. Symbols: the river (the border of life and death), the fish in Christianity is a symbol of Christ, the sacraments of baptism). Unity with nature Name as an expression of individuality Motherland, native village, father and mother, sisters Love Battles and battles

What is the meaning of life What is the meaning of life for the monks at Mtsyra The ideal is peace, Self-denial for the sake of serving a higher idea, renunciation of the joys of earthly existence in the name of eternal happiness Experience the joy of meeting a storm, a thunderstorm He needs obstacles Not peace, but worries and battles, Meaning life in the bliss of freedom

Sinkwine Mtsyri. Proud and strong. Suffer, fight, win. The hero longs for happiness and life. The poet's ideal.

Confession - repentance for sins before a priest; a frank confession of something; communication of your thoughts, views In what sense, in your opinion, is this word used in the poem?

How does nature help to reveal the image of Mtsyra? (Three days gave the hero a new surge of strength, rest, quenches thirst, gives a meeting with a girl)

The scene with the leopard shows the prototype of the society that Lermontov dreamed of. Here courage must be opposed by courage, there is no deceit and cunning

… is the earth beautiful. ... for freedom or prison Will we be born into this world? How do Mtsyri and Lermontov answer this question?