The date of foundation of the railway system of Russia is considered to be 1837. The first canvas was laid between the then capital of the empire, St. Petersburg, and Tsarskoye Selo. Almost two centuries later, railways cover the entire country, providing not only freight, but also passenger transportation to almost anywhere in our Motherland. For this, 86,151 kilometers of rail have been laid to date, and this figure is constantly increasing.

general information

It has traditionally developed that in our country rail transport is used more intensively than, for example, in Europe. The railway in Russia connects many cities and has 510 major stations, 45 of which are of particular importance.

For information: System railways Russia is the second largest in the world and is second only to the United States of America. But thanks to the active use of more than half of the railway line, it makes our country one of the world leaders.

The largest and most famous company in the field of railways is Russian Railways OJSC. The organization was founded 15 years ago and is currently actively developing. It includes 17 railways, it brings the state an income of 180 billion rubles annually. Also, Russian Railways has many branches and subsidiaries to provide suburban passenger and freight traffic.

Railways of Russia and neighboring countries

Used trains

The government closely monitors the development of this industry, which is very important for the normal functioning of many sectors of the economy. New facilities are put into operation and additional canvases are being laid. The rolling stock is being modernized - old trains are being replaced with new ones, which ensures greater speed and comfort of movement. More detailed information about trains and tickets can be found on the official website of Russian Railways JSC online.

Important! Today, railways use locomotives, wagons and other vehicles issued in the Soviet Union. But gradually it is being replaced by new technology, released at Uralvagonzavod and other enterprises.

Import expresses are also used:

• Direction St. Petersburg-Helsinki - Allegro (France, Alstom);
• “Swallows” manufactured by Siemens are driving around the Leningrad Region;
• The direction Moscow-Berlin is served by Talgo 250″, Patentes Talgo S.L.;
• The direction Moscow - St. Petersburg is served by "Peregrine Falcons" manufactured by Siemens.

The policy of railway companies aimed at improving the quality of services provided to passengers makes it possible to conveniently get to any region of our vast Motherland. Below are the rail coverage schemes that are relevant for 2018, which will allow you to more carefully plan your travel route.

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Maps, detailed diagrams, descriptions of Russian railways

The map of Russian railways is very large. It is divided into main sections, which are subordinate to Russian Railways. Its branches provide railway communication in the regions. Below is a summary of all the railways of the Russian Federation with detailed maps:

Attention! The official website where you can find out more information about buying tickets, train schedules and a list of stations - http://ozd.rzd.ru

1. The Ryazan-Ural Railway is also sometimes referred to as the Ryazan-Ural Railway. It serves the southeastern part of the Russian Federation and neighboring regions. It has a little over four thousand tracks. Additional Information available on the portal.

1. Another connecting link for the European and Asian parts of Russia is the Sverdlovsk Railway with a length of railway coverage of almost 14,000 kilometers. This is one of the few railway pavements that exist in the Arctic.

1. The northern railway stretched from the central regions to the Arctic, the map of which is located below. It is operated in very severe weather conditions, but it is necessary for the life support of many people living in the northern regions. In total, the length of the railway road is eight and a half thousand kilometers. All the missing information can be seen on the official website.

1. Through the efforts of employees of the North Caucasian Railway, the regions of the Southern Federal District are served. In total, the North Caucasus Railway covers 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also borders on the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine. The length of the track is more than 6000 kilometers. Official site .
2. The most important in the railway communication between the regions of the country and neighboring states is the South Eastern Railway. It is a link between the eastern and central regions, borders on the North, North-West, the Caucasus region and Ukraine. On it you can get to the countries of the Caucasus. Off.site.
3. South Ural Railway connects Europe and Asia. It includes several railway lines. Also important structural element for trips to the regions of Kazakhstan. It has 8000 kilometers. Official site .
4. As part of the Far Eastern railway, the Sakhalin railway with a length of 804 kilometers can be distinguished.

Trans-Siberian Railway

Separately, it is worth mentioning two highways - the Baikal-Amur (BAM) and the Trans-Siberian:

1. The BAM track connects the V-SibZhD and the FER. When built, it was planned as part of the Great Northern Railway, which was never implemented. The main branch connects Tashkent with Sovetskaya Gavan station. Since 2013, a plan has been developed for the construction of the Tynda - Khani branch, which should become BAM 2. Below is a map of the Baikal-Amur Mainline with all stations in good quality.
2. Transsib, which is also known as the Great Siberian way, has a length of more than 9,000 kilometers and plays important role in the economy of the country. At the beginning of the 21st century, it was fully electrified. Thanks to his work, one can get from Moscow to Vladivostok in just a week.

Convenient services for determining the route

For people who want to take a look at the full map of the railway routes of Russia, make the final choice on determining the best way, using modern technologies. At the moment, one of the most convenient services that allows you to zoom and navigate from point A to point B is the Google Maps application.

Route on Google

What he can do:

• determine the best route for given coordinates;
• make distance and travel time calculation when using various kinds transport;
• point out problematic sections of the road. For example, where traffic jams have formed, repair work is underway, etc. A forecast is given for the time to resolve the problem;
• the possibility of calculating alternative travel options;
• combination of modes of transport to select the best option;
• the ability to panoramic view the streets of the desired cities and much more.

To get directions, follow these steps:

1. Having entered the service, you need to switch to the route path construction mode and enter the necessary addresses in the upper and lower fields. The first will be the point of departure and the second will be the point of arrival.
2. Upon completion of the first step, a blue scheme will appear on the map. in yellow problem areas will be highlighted. Red indicates very severe congestion.
3. Also, the user will be able to find out the distance between the points of departure and arrival and travel time.
4. If the laid path does not suit you for some reason, you can use the alternative one, which is shown in gray on the map, as can be seen from the figure below. This is very useful if an emergency occurs on the road and it is impossible to travel on it, which the service will warn about.

Unlike many types of public transport, according to many, it is the railway that has a number of advantages necessary for any kind of travel. And in this case, it is especially necessary to note both business and tourist trips. But in order to carry out this or that trip without any problems, its optimal start will be the scheme of the railways of the region where you are going to go. And if in its time, any scheme of railways, made in a typographical way, was somewhere, from the category of a certain information deficit, today, thanks to the same Internet, to see and print any section of the same Russian railway is not special difficulties.

Some history and facts

At the same time, in fairness, it should be noted that the first scheme of Russian railways dates back to 1788 and displayed the first railway track in the history of our state from the blast furnace shop of the Alexander Cannon Factory in Petrozavodsk to the drilling shop. Although its length is clearly not comparable with the length of the same Baikal-Amur Mainline, the fact remains, and irrefutable evidence of this, as a kind of historical artifacts, is still an adornment of the Historical Museum of Petrozavodsk.

In this regard, somewhat less fortunate, which connected the capital Russian empire St. Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo. IN historical understanding this question remained from her only general scheme railways of Russia, on which it is marked as a small section of the Moscow-Rybinsk railway, which was built in 1900. But in some ways she was a little more fortunate. If only the wheels remained from the Petrozavodsk "Cast-iron wheel pipeline", then the Tsarskoye Selo railway today can boast of three stations still built by Nikolaev. So, having got its start, from the historical rarities described a little above, today the scheme of the railways of the Russian Federation displays 86,700 kilometers of its total length, yielding only to the United States railway, where the general scheme of railways is 194,700 kilometers.

"Russian Railways" (JSC "Russian Railways")

If today you are going to travel by rail, to any corner of our fatherland, then without fail you will become one of the clients of the largest Russian railway company JSC Russian Railways or nominally one of its 16 branches. So, if you want to preview the route of your upcoming trip, then at least the railway map of this route will be presented on one of its sixteen options. Namely, you will need a railway diagram of one of the sixteen divisions of Russian Railways, namely:
- East Siberian Railway;
- Gorky railway;
- Far Eastern Railway;
- Zabaykalskaya railway;
- West Siberian Railway;
- Kaliningrad railway;
- Krasnoyarsk Railway;
- Kuibyshev railway;
- Moscow Railway;
- Oktyabrskaya railway;
- Privolzhskaya railway;
- Sverdlovsk railway;
- Northern Railway;
- North Caucasian Railway;
- South-Eastern Railway;
- and South Ural Railway.

JSC "Russian Railways" was founded in 2003, taking over all the functions and powers former Ministry ways of communication. At the same time, the total length of the railway track of the Russian Railways at that time amounted to more than 85 thousand kilometers. However, this scheme of railways did not include part of the railway lines owned by private Russian companies, such as the same Norilsk Mining Company, Yakutian Railways and the Yamal Railway. This feature is due to the fact that the railway lines of these companies are located in rather remote areas of the territory of the Russian Federation, and in some cases are not connected to the federal railway at all. So, in order to increase the economic efficiency of their operation, in their years, it was decided to transfer them to private ownership. Based on this, the scheme of railways of these companies was separated from the general scheme of railways of federal subordination.

At the same time, it is no less clearly necessary to know that the general scheme of Russian Railways railways includes a rather branched structure of routes that provide suburban traffic, the total number of which averages about 700 routes.

Moscow Railway

Although the Moscow Railway is not one of the longest in terms of its size, but taking into account the fact that almost 30% of the population of the entire Russian Federation lives in its territorial zone, and Moscow itself is a rather large industrial and railway center, then in overall structure Russian Railways The Moscow Railway has a special place. With this in mind, the railway scheme has a total length of 8984 kilometers, which is the second indicator in the framework of the activities of the Russian Railways and is inferior in this indicator only to the Oktyabrsky branch of the railway.

Being formed in 1959, today the general scheme of the railway of the Moscow Zh.D. includes thirteen regions. Namely, it includes railways located in the following territorial entities of the Russian Federation:
- Bryansk region,
- Kaluga region,
- Kursk region,
- Lipetsk region,
- Moscow region,
- Oryol region,
- Ryazan region,
- Smolensk region,
- Tula region,
- Vladimir region,
- and Penza regions,
- as well as directly the city of Moscow,

At the same time, three more sections of the Moscow Railway are located on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia.

In addition, the Moscow Railway organized the movement of high-speed trains. Some of these routes provide high-speed passenger communication between the main airports of the capital. These transportations are carried out on electric trains of the ED4MKM-AERO model, owned by Aeroexpress, a subsidiary of the Moscow Railway. The Aeroexpress railway scheme provides transportation of passengers along the following routes:

Paveletsky railway station - Domodedovo air terminal;
Kyiv railway station - Vnukovo air terminal;
Savelovsky railway station - the city of Lobnya (passengers will get to the airport by bus);
Belorussky railway station - Sheremetyevo airport terminal.

Carrying out transportation at a speed of up to 130 km/h, Aeroexpress trains have increased comfort of passenger cars, which includes not only the presence of a modern air conditioning system, but also vacuum environmentally friendly toilets.

In addition, since 2009, the Moscow Railways scheme has been providing high-speed passenger traffic on routes from Moscow to St. Petersburg and from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod. This direction is carried out by Sapsan passenger electric trains, developed on the basis of the Velaro electric train from Siemens AG. The speed of movement on these routes is up to 300 km / h, which ensures the travel time on the route from Moscow to St. Petersburg is only 3 hours and 40 minutes.

Oktyabrskaya Railway

The railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also the oldest, since it begins to count its history from October 13, 1851, the time when the Tsarskoye Selo railway was put into operation. At the same time, it is also worth noting that a small section of the modern Oktyabrskaya railway located between St. Petersburg and Pavlovsk, according to the decision of the international organization UNESCO, is included in the list of architectural monuments belonging to the World Heritage.

The total length of the track of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is the largest of all railways in the Russian Federation and is 10,378 kilometers, which are geographically located in all northwestern regions of Russia, with the exception of the Kaliningrad region, which is an independent structure of Russian Railways. At the same time, in general, the Oktyabrskaya Railway scheme includes eleven regions that are independent subjects of the Russian Federation. Among them are such areas as: - Leningrad, - Pskov, - Novgorod, - Vologda, - Murmansk, - Tver, - Moscow, - and Yaroslavl.

It should also be noted that the scheme of railways of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, whose central office is located in St. Petersburg, includes the Leningradsky railway station located in the capital of the Russian Federation, along with the territory within the boundaries of the Moscow region on which the railways are located.

But the existing Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest railway within the Russian Railways, but also provides up to 75% of all freight traffic and up to 40% of the total passenger traffic of the entire Russian Federation. At the same time, an important fact is the fact that the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has more than 900 kilometers located beyond the Arctic Circle, which provide rail transportation. industrial centers RF located on the Kola Peninsula and near Murmansk.

Such indicators are ensured not only through direct rail transportation, but also through the creation of so-called combined schemes for the transportation of goods, which include their direct transshipment from a train to water transport in the seaports of St. Petersburg, Murmansk and ports located on the coast White Sea and the White Sea-Baltic Canal.

So, as you can see, the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has a rather branched structure, which provides decent volumes not only on domestic routes, but also on the schemes for the movement of goods associated with direct export-import operations.

Another feature in the activities of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is the fact that since 1963, for the first time in former USSR A high-speed passenger train "Aurora" began to run on the route from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Developing a speed of about 200 km / h, this train covered a distance of 630 kilometers in 5 hours, which at that time was at the level of a world record and was a certain pride of all railway workers. The railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway on this route included only two stops in the cities of Tver and Bologom.

"Aurora" was equipped with passenger compartment cars of increased comfort, and the electric train-locomotive ChS 200, the Czech engineering company "Skoda", was used as a power drive.

However, having existed for more than 35 years, in 2010 the Aurora high-speed passenger train was decommissioned, and instead of it, the railway scheme on this route was equipped with the Sapsan high-speed express train, which in many operational parameters surpassed not only the Aurora, but and its later counterpart, the Nevsky Express. The Sapsan covered the same distance of 630 kilometers, equal to the distance between the capital of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg in four hours and forty-five minutes, and had more comfortable conditions for passengers. At the same time, the scheme of railways on this route was also somewhat changed. Since, in connection with the introduction of this train, many residents of the Tver and Novgorod regions did not have the possibility of a direct railway connection, both with the same Moscow and with St. Petersburg, the Sapsan received two more short stops in Vyshy Volochek and Okulovka. But this did not significantly affect the total travel time of the train.

In the same 2010, a high-speed train was launched on the international route from St. Petersburg to Helsinki. True, it was not a Sapsan, but its Finnish counterpart Alstom sm6 (Allegro), but at the same speed as the Sapsan, Allegro covered the distance from St. Petersburg to Helsinki in just three hours and thirty minutes, which was two hours faster than its predecessor.

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