Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common (feel - to feel, speak - to speak), and rare (cleave - to dissect, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.
Read also:
Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed on the basis of matching forms:
- Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
- Verbs ABA - the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run - ran - run, run).
- ABB verbs - the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach - taught - taught, teach).
- ABC verbs - all forms are different (know - knew - known, know).
Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files- they can be printed, pasted on cardboard and cut out cards for memorizing words.
Verbs like AAA: the same in three forms Download PDF | |||
---|---|---|---|
Translation | Infinitive | past simple | Past Participle |
put | put |
put |
put |
let | let |
let |
let |
cut | cut |
cut |
cut |
put (install) | set |
set |
set |
bet | bet |
bet |
bet |
throw (cast metal) | cast |
cast |
cast |
cost | cost |
cost |
cost |
beat | hit |
hit |
hit |
to cause a pain | hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
to knit | knit |
knit |
knit |
stop | quit |
quit |
quit |
distribute | spread |
spread |
spread |
ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 are the same | |||
run away | run |
ran |
run |
come | come |
came |
come |
become | become |
became |
become |
ABB type verbs: forms 2 and 3 are the same | |||
read | read |
read |
read |
to teach (learn) | learn |
learned (learned) |
learned (learned) |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
to teach (teach) | teach |
taught |
taught |
smell (smell) | smell |
smelt |
smelt |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
hold | hold |
held |
held |
bring | bring |
brought |
brought |
stand | stand |
stood |
stood |
lose (lose) | lose |
lost |
lost |
meet | meet |
met |
met |
lead | lead |
led |
led |
understand | understand [ʌndə'stænd] |
understood [ʌndə'stud] |
understood [ʌndə'stud] |
win | win |
won |
won |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
send | send |
sent |
sent |
sell | sell |
sold |
sold |
catch | catch |
caught |
caught kɔ:t] |
fight | fight |
fought |
fought |
put (put) | lay |
laid |
laid |
sit | sit |
sat |
sat |
bind | bind |
bound |
bound |
bleed | bleed |
bled |
bled |
build | build |
built |
built |
burn | burn |
burnt |
burnt |
deal with | deal |
dealt |
dealt |
dig | dig |
arc |
arc |
feed | feed |
fed |
fed |
hang | hang |
hung |
hung |
hide | hide |
hidden |
hidden [‘hɪdn] |
lean | lean |
lean (leaned) |
lean (leaned) |
lend (to someone) | lend |
lent |
lent |
illuminate | light |
lit |
lit |
ride | ride |
rode |
ridden [‘rɪdn] |
sew | sew |
sewed |
sewed (sewn) |
write or spell | spell |
spelt |
spelt |
shed | spill |
spilt |
spilt |
spit | sleep |
spat (spit) |
spat (spit) |
spoil | spoil |
spoilt |
spoilt |
stick | stick |
stuck |
stuck |
strike | strike |
struck |
struck |
sweep | sweep |
swept |
swept |
cry | weep |
wept |
wept |
twist | wind |
wound |
wound |
Type verbsABC: all shapes are different |
|||
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
drive a car | drive |
drove |
driven [‘driven] |
break | break |
broke |
broken ['brouk(e)n] |
wear clothes) | wear |
wore |
worn |
There is | eat |
ate |
eaten [‘i:tn] |
drink | drink |
drank |
drunk |
draw (pull) | draw |
drew |
drawn |
steal | steal |
stole |
stolen [‘stəulən] |
throw | throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
blow | blow |
blew |
blown |
fall | fall |
fell |
fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
start off | begin |
began |
begun |
forget | forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forgive | forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
fly | fly |
flew |
flown |
freeze (freeze) | freeze |
frozen |
frozen [‘frouzn] |
grow | grow |
grew |
grown |
call | ring |
rank |
rung |
shake | shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
sing | sing |
sang |
sung |
stink | stink |
stank (stunk) |
stun |
try | striving |
strove |
striving [‘strɪvn] |
to swear | wear |
swore |
sworn |
tear | tear |
tore |
torn |
wake | wake |
woke |
woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms, read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.
The Ten Most Basic Irregular Verbs
Of the commonly used irregular verbs can be identified the most basic. They need to be known first. Start learning verbs from them, not in alphabetical order. You can learn them literally in 5-10 minutes.
Translation | Infinitive (1st form) | Past Simple (2nd form) | Past Participle (3rd form) |
---|---|---|---|
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
These verbs need to be learned first
Notes:
- Over time, some verbs from irregular have almost turned into regular ones. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work- incorrect, it has the form: work - wrought - wrought. Now form wrought almost never used, except in established expressions like "wrought iron" (forged iron), so I did not include it in this table.
- Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct ones: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
- Pay attention to forms read-read-read. The word is spelled the same but pronounced differently.
- Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same but have different pronunciation and values.
- In the British version, the verbs sew pronounced like
I'll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs in English- the most "favorite" topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used in English speech words. For example, the famous phrase "to be or not to be" also contains exactly the wrong verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)
Just think for a second how great it would be to add an ending -ed to the main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular English verbs with translation and transcription.
1. IRREGULAR VERBS
Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. It won't take long to talk about them. You just need to accept and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. It remains only to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.
It's good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but are pronounced differently. (read - read - read ). Just like choosing only the best tea leaves of the best varieties for the royal tea party, we have collected the most used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged in a table - we did everything to make you smile and ... learn. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.
And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, first write out all the verbs where the three forms match. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, let's say, learn words today with the letter "b" (do not think bad), and tomorrow - with another. No limits to fantasy for lovers of English!
And without departing from the cash register, we suggest taking a test for knowledge of irregular verbs.
Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:
indefinite form of the verb (Infinitive) | simple past tense (Past Simple) | past participle | Translation | |
1 | abide [ə"baɪd] | abode [ə"bəud] | abode [ə"bəud] | stay, stick to something |
2 | arise [ə"raɪz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə "rɪz (ə) n] | arise, rise |
3 | awake [ə"weɪk] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [əˈwoʊkn] | wake up, wake up |
4 | be | was; were | been | to be, to be |
5 | bear | bore | born | wear, give birth |
6 | beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | beat |
7 | become | became | become | become, become |
8 | fall | befell | befallen | happen |
9 | begin | began | begun | start off) |
10 | hold | beheld | beheld | look, notice |
11 | bend | bent | bent | bend(s), bend(s) |
12 | beseech | thought | thought | beg, beg |
13 | beset | beset | beset | surround, besiege |
14 | bet | bet | bet | bet |
15 | bid | bid | bid | bid, order, ask |
16 | bind | bound | bound | bind |
17 | bite | bit | bitten ["bɪtn] | bite) |
18 | bleed | bled | bled | bleed, bleed |
19 | blow | blew | blown | blow |
20 | break | broke | broken ["brəuk(ə)n] | break, break, break |
21 | breed | bred | bred | breed, breed, breed |
22 | bring | brought | brought | bring, bring |
23 | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast, distribute |
24 | build | built | built | build, build |
25 | burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn |
26 | burst | burst | burst | explode) |
27 | buy | bought | bought | buy |
28 | can | could | could | be able to physically |
29 | cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) |
30 | catch | caught | caught | catch, seize |
31 | choose [ʧuːz] | chose [ʧuːz] | chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n] | choose |
32 | cling | clung | clung | stick, cling, cling |
33 | cleave | cleft | cloven ["kləuv(ə)n] | cut, split |
34 | clothes | clothed | clothed | dress, dress |
35 | come | came | come [ kʌm] | come |
36 | cost | cost[ kɒst] | cost[ kɒst] | evaluate, cost |
37 | creep | crept | crept | crawl |
38 | cut | cut [ kʌt] | cut [ kʌt] | cut, trim |
39 | dare | Durst | dared | dare |
40 | deal | dealt | dealt | to deal, to trade, to deal |
41 | dig | arc | arc | dig |
42 | dive | dove | dived | dive |
43 | do/does | did | done | do |
44 | draw | drew | drawn | drag, draw |
45 | dream | dream | dream | dream, dream |
46 | drink | drank | drunk | drink, drink |
47 | drive | drove | driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] | drive, drive, drive, drive |
48 | dwell | dwelt | dwelt | dwell, abide, linger on something |
49 | eat | ate | eaten [ˈiːtn̩] | eat, eat, eat |
50 | fall | fell | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | fall |
51 | feed | fed | fed[ fed] | feed) |
52 | feel | felt | felt [ felt] | feel |
53 | fight | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fight, fight |
54 | find | found | found | find |
55 | fit | fit[ fɪt] | fit[ fɪt] | fit, fit |
56 | fleece | fled | fled | run away, flee |
57 | fling | flung | flung | throw, throw |
58 | fly | flew | flown | fly, fly |
59 | forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
60 | forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | foresee, predict | |
61 | forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
62 | forego | future | foregone | refuse, refrain |
63 | foretell | foretold | foretold | predict, forecast |
64 | forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive, |
65 | forsake | forsook | forsaken | throw, refuse |
66 | freeze | frozen | frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] | freeze, freeze |
67 | get [ˈɡet] | got [ˈɡɒt] | got [ˈɡɒt] | get, become |
68 | gild [ɡɪld] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | gild | |
69 | give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn̩] | give |
70 | go/goes [ɡəʊz] | went [ˈwent] | gone [ɡɒn] | go, go |
71 | grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | sharpen, grind |
72 | grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | grow, grow |
73 | hang | hung; hanged | hang [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd] | hang, hang |
74 | have | had | had | to have, to possess |
75 | hew | hewed | hewed; hewn | to cut, to cut |
76 | hear | heard | heard | hear |
77 | hide | hidden | hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] | hide, hide |
78 | hit | hit[ hɪt] | hit[ hɪt] | hit, hit |
79 | hold | held | held | hold, maintain (possess) |
80 | hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt, hurt, injure |
81 | keep | kept | kept | keep, store |
82 | kneel | knelt; kneeled | kneel | |
83 | knit | knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd] | to knit | |
84 | know | knew | known | know |
85 | lay | laid | laid | put |
86 | lead | led | led | lead, accompany |
87 | lean | leant; leaned | lean on, lean on | |
88 | leap | leapt; leaped [lipt] | leapt; leaped | jump |
89 | learn | learned; learned | to learn, to know | |
90 | leave | left | left | leave, leave |
91 | lend | lent | lent[lent] | lend, lend |
92 | let | let[let] | let[let] | let, let |
93 | lie | lay | lain | lie |
94 | light | lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | kindle, illuminate |
95 | lose | lost | lost | lose |
96 | make [ˈmeɪk] | made [ˈmeɪd] | made [ˈmeɪd] | do, force |
97 | may | might | might | be able to have the right |
98 | mean | meant | meant | mean, imply |
99 | meet | met | met | meet, meet |
100 | mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard |
101 | mislay | mislaid | mislaid | misplace |
102 | mistake | mistook | mistaken | to err, to be mistaken |
103 | mow | moved | mown | mow |
104 | overtake | overcurrent | overtaken | catch up |
105 | pay | paid | paid | to pay |
106 | prove | proved | proven; proven | prove, certify |
107 | put | put | put | put |
108 | quit | stop; quitted | stop; quitted | leave, leave |
109 | read | read; red | read; red | read |
110 | rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | rebuild, restore |
111 | rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | free, deliver |
112 | ride | rode | ridden | ride |
113 | ring | rank | rung | call, call |
114 | rise | rose | rising | rise, ascend |
115 | run | ran | run | run, flow |
116 | saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | to nag |
117 | say | said | said | speak, say |
118 | see | saw | seen | see |
119 | seek | sought | sought | search |
120 | sell | sold | sold | sell |
121 | send | sent | sent | send, send |
122 | set | set | set | place, put |
123 | sew | sewed | sewed; sewn | sew |
124 | shake | shook | shaken | shake |
125 | shall | should | should | be to |
126 | shave | shaved | shaved | to shave) |
127 | shear | sheared | shorn | cut, cut; deprive |
128 | Shed | Shed | Shed | throw off, spill |
129 | shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | shine, shine |
130 | shoes | shod | shod | shoe, shoe |
131 | shoot | shot | shot | fire |
132 | show | showed | shown; showed | show |
133 | shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | shrink, shrink, rebound, recoil |
134 | shut | shut | shut | close |
135 | sing | sang | sung | sing |
136 | sink | sank | sunk | sink, sink, sink |
137 | sit | sat | sat | sit |
138 | slay | slew | slain | kill, destroy |
139 | sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
140 | slide | slide | slide | slide |
141 | sling | slung | slung | throw, throw, hang over the shoulder, hang |
142 | slit | slit | slit | cut lengthwise |
143 | smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | smell, sniff |
144 | sow | sowed | sowed; sown | sow |
145 | speak | spoke | spoken | speak |
146 | speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | hurry, speed up |
147 | spell | spell; spelled | spell; spelled | write, spell a word |
148 | spend | spent | spent | spend, waste |
149 | spill | spilt | spilt | shed |
150 | spin | spun | spun | spin |
151 | sleep | spat | spat | spit, stick, poke, pro- |
152 | split | split | split | split, split |
153 | spoil | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | spoil, spoil |
154 | spread | spread | spread | spread |
155 | spring | sprang | sprung | jump, jump |
156 | stand | stood | stood | stand |
157 | steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal |
158 | stick | stuck | stuck | to stick, to stick, to stick |
159 | sting | stung | stung | sting |
160 | stink | stank; stun | stun | stink, repel |
161 | strew | strewed | strewn; strewed | to scatter, scatter, spread |
162 | stride | strode | stridden | step |
163 | strike | struck | struck | hit, hit, strike |
164 | string | string | string | bind, tie, string |
165 | striving | strove | striving | strive, try |
166 | wear | swore | sworn | swear, swear, scold |
167 | sweep | swept | swept | to sweep |
168 | swell | swollen | swollen; swollen | to swell, swell, swell |
169 | swim | swam | swum | swim |
170 | swing | swung | swung | swing, swing |
171 | take | took | taken | take |
172 | teach | taught | taught | teach, teach |
173 | tear | tore | torn | tear, times-, with-, from- |
174 | tell | told | told | to tell, inform |
175 | think | thought | thought | think |
176 | throw | threw | thrown | throw, throw |
177 | thrust | thrust | thrust | push, poke, kick out, shove |
178 | thread | trod | trod; trodden | step |
179 | unbend | unbent | unbent | unbend |
180 | undergo | life | undergone | experience, endure |
181 | understand | understood | understood | understand |
182 | undertake | undertook | glimpsed | undertake, guarantee |
183 | upset | upset | upset | overturn, squeeze |
184 | wake | woke; waked | woke; waked | wake up, wake up |
185 | wear | wore | worn | wear clothes) |
186 | weave | wove; weaved | woven; weaved | weave |
187 | wed | wed; married | wed; married | to get married, to get married |
188 | weep | wept | wept | cry |
189 | will | would | would | want to be |
190 | wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | wet, you-, pro- |
191 | win | won | won | win, get |
192 | wind | wound | wound | wind up (mechanism), curl |
193 | withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | take back, take away |
194 | ring | wrung | wrung | squeeze, squeeze, twist |
195 | write | wrote | written | write |
After this video, you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...it is advisable for the impatient to watch from 38 seconds
For fans of an advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in the karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher / teacher / class. Weak or not weak?
2. REGULAR VERBS
When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is so), you can click like nuts and regular English verbs. They are called so because they form the past tense and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to load your brain once again, we simply denote their form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained with the help of the ending - ed.
For example: look-look,work - worked
2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything in everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term " participle II". First, why participle? Because how else to designate a three-headed dragon, which has signs of 3 parts of speech at once: a verb, an adjective and an adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).
Second, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has an ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).
2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.
If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study-study).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it doubles ( stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)
For especially corrosive and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after deaf consonants, the ending is pronounced as “t”, after voiced - “d”, after vowels “id”.
Perhaps you heard / invented / read / spied on a way to minimize effort and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also cramming options to please each other with something interesting