The Republic of Kazakhstan is a central Eurasian state with a population of over 18 million people. The Republic is located between the Caspian Sea, the Urals, Siberia, China and Central Asia. Find out who borders Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is one of largest countries world (9th in area), which has such a distinctive feature as the lack of direct access to the open sea.
According to the outlines and almost twice the length from west to east (2.96 thousand km) than from north to south (1.65 thousand km), Kazakhstan on the map resembles a small copy of the Eurasia mainland itself. At the same time, 85% of the country is located in Asia, and 15% - in Europe.
Despite the vast territory occupied by Kazakhstan (2.7 million sq. km), not many people live in the Republic.
Kazakhstan ranks 63rd in the world in terms of population. This means that in terms of population density in Kazakhstan, there are 6.64 sq. km - 184th place in the world.
Such a low population density is explained by the predominance of deserts and semi-deserts among the natural zones of the Republic.
To understand what international relationships can be successfully built with neighboring countries, it is necessary to find out with whom Kazakhstan borders.
Let's get some general information first:
- The land borders of Kazakhstan have a total length of 13.39 thousand km.
- The water border along the Caspian accounts for 2.34 thousand km, where Kazakhstan borders on Azerbaijan and Iran.
Let's figure out which countries Kazakhstan borders on land:
- In the north and west - Russian Federation.
Here is the longest border of Kazakhstan - 7.55 thousand km.
The border is mostly conditional. This is due to the fact that the countries are members of the Eurasian Economic Union, thanks to which market and customs relations between them are facilitated as much as possible.
- In the south, the Republic immediately neighbors with three Central Asian countries: Uzbekistan (the length of the border is 2.35 thousand km), Kyrgyzstan (1.24 thousand km) and Turkmenistan (0.43 thousand km).
Boundaries are set largely arbitrarily. But territorial issues between neighboring countries have long been settled.
- The Kazakh-Chinese border is located in the southeast. Its length is 1.78 thousand km.
The final borders between the countries were agreed in 2002.
To understand what potential Kazakhstan has in the development of international trade and economic relations with neighboring countries, it is necessary to understand with whom the Republic borders.
The favorable location in the practically central part of Eurasia provides Kazakhstan with a neighborhood with 5 countries at once on land and 2 on the water border.
§2. Geographical location and borders of the Republic of Kazakhstan
" 1. Look at the political and administrative map of the CIS, determine the geographical position of Kazakhstan among the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 2. Determine the latitude of the extreme points in the north and south and longitude extreme points in the west and east of Kazakhstan.
Geographical position. Kazakhstan is located in the center of the Eurasian continent and in two parts of the world: the smaller part is in Europe, and the larger part is in Asia. Therefore, for example, residents of the city of Atyrau, located on the Zhaiyk River, can make daily trips from Europe to Asia. Many Russians have the same opportunity.
The area of the republic is 2724.9 thousand km-'. In terms of territory, Kazakhstan is one of the largest countries in the world: it ranks 9th after Russia, Canada, China, the USA, Brazil, Australia, India and Argentina. Republic area 5 times more area France, 9 times - Italy, 11 times - England. On the territory of the republic such countries as Great Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Austria, Holland and Japan together could be accommodated.
The territory of Kazakhstan extends for 3000 km from the Caspian lowland in the west to the Altai mountains in the east and for 1650 km from the West Siberian plain in the north to the Kyzylkum desert and the Tien Shan mountain system in the south.
Kazakhstan is an intra-continental country, which is equally remote from the Pacific and Atlantic, as well as from the Indian and Arctic oceans. Remoteness from the oceans and the vastness of the territory greatly affect the climate of the country.
The extreme western point of the republic (46 * 30 "E) is located
It is located near lakes Elton and Baskunchak, and the extreme eastern point (87 * 20 "E) is located near the Buktyrma River.
The extreme northern point of the country (55 * 26 "N. latitude) corresponds to the southern latitude of the central part of the East European Plain and the south of the British Isles, and the extreme southern point (40 * 56" N. Latitude) corresponds to the latitudes of Transcaucasia and the Mediterranean countries Southern Europe.
Kazakhstan is located in the southern latitudes of the temperate zone. However, if the countries of Eastern Europe located in these latitudes have a temperate continental climate, and Western Europe- subtropical, then the territory of our country is characterized by a dry and sharply continental climate.
With advancement into the depths of the mainland in a latitudinal direction from west to east, the continentality of the climate increases. The mountainous regions of the southeast and east of Kazakhstan are different great variety natural high-altitude zones. In accordance with the geographical position in the country, four seasons are clearly expressed.
Kazakhstan impresses not only with its size, but also with natural contrasts. For example, when in the south, at the foot of the mountains, cherries and apricots bloom, then in the north of the republic frosts are still shaking and snowstorms are raging. On the territory of Kazakhstan, as it were, harsh Siberia and sultry Asia meet. Depending on the geographical latitude, topography and other factors are distributed natural areas republics. From north to south, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert and desert zones successively replace each other.
Kazakhstan through the Caspian Sea has access to Azerbaijan and Iran, through the Volga and the Volga-Don Canal - to the Azov and Black Sea. A significant part our country is occupied by plains, which favorably affects Development economic activity person.
Borders. The total length of the land borders of Kazlkhstan is 13,394 km. along the Caspian Sea - 2000 km.
Kazakhstan in the west, north and northeast borders on Russia (7591 km). Eastern border of the republic from Altai to Tien Shan, the Khan Taniri massif - with a length of more than 1,782 km, is at the same time the state city of Ranzza with the Chinese Folk Republic. Kazakhstan
borders with the following independent friendly states: in the south with Turkmenistan (426 km), Uzbekistan (2354 km) and Kyrgyzstan (1241 km).
In some places, the state borders of the republic coincide with the natural boundaries of the Caspian and Aral Seas, the Tien Shan and the Altai Mountains.
9*1. Describe the political and economic significance geographical location Kazakhstan.
2*. Name the most important signs of the geographical position of Kazakhstan and prove that they determine the main features of the nature of our territory.
3.In which part of the Northern Hemisphere is Kazakhstan located? Prove it.
In terms of territory and tenth in the world, with a low population density - about 6.64 people per square kilometer, this is the 184th indicator among 237 countries of the world. Most of Kazakhstan is located in Asia and only a small part of the territory in Europe. Although Kazakhstan is washed by two seas, the Caspian and Aral, which are actually rather large lakes, it is believed that the country has no access to the sea.
A little about the country
Kazakhstan has 18.5 million inhabitants, of which 64 percent are Kazakhs and 24 are Russians, almost the entire population, 94.4 percent, is fluent in Russian. The economic situation of the country is much better than that of the Central Asian republics, mainly due to the presence of huge mineral reserves and developed production of grain crops. The country has the largest reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials (twelfth in size in the world), which are produced by almost all global American and European oil companies and companies of those countries with which Kazakhstan borders - Russian and Chinese.
Close and kind neighbor of Russia
Kazakhstan has the longest border with Russia - 7,644 kilometers, passing through 8 Russian regions and one national republic, the border is very conditional, the regime of which was even more softened after the country's entry into the Eurasian Economic Union.
Regions bordering Kazakhstan: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Tyumen, Omsk and Novosibirsk region,
The Republic of Altai and all Russian regions bordering Kazakhstan have close economic ties with their neighbors, which are estimated at an average of 25-30 percent of the foreign trade of these regions. For the Kazakh border regions, the share of foreign trade with Russia is estimated at 50-60%.
More than a third of the goods Kazakhstan buys in Russia, machinery and equipment, metal products and food products are the main import items. Like most countries, with whom it borders, the more it trades, the only exception is that among the importers of Kazakhstani products, Italy ranks first, Russia only ranks third. And, of course, the symbol of cooperation is that Russia, together with the city of the same name, rents from Kazakhstan, they cost the Russian budget about 10.6 billion rubles a year.
Central Asian
Uzbekistan (border length 2,330 kilometers), Kyrgyzstan (1,212 kilometers) and Turkmenistan (413 kilometers) are the Central Asian countries with which Kazakhstan borders in the south. The relations between the countries are quite complex, the borders between them were established largely arbitrarily, but all issues on the territory were settled by the parties. Economic relations are extremely weak because Uzbekistan and especially Turkmenistan are very closed countries, and Kyrgyzstan does not have much to offer.
For example, Germany (share - 5.7 percent) and the USA (share - 5.1 percent) have a larger share in foreign trade than the above countries with which Kazakhstan borders. Turkmenistan has a share of 0.5 percent, Kyrgyzstan - 0.9 percent, Uzbekistan - 2.4 percent.
Chinese partner
The Kazakh-Chinese border is 1,765 kilometers long in the southeast of the country. Kazakhstan is trying to maintain cautious friendly relations with China. Chinese oil companies were among the last to gain access to Kazakhstan's hydrocarbon fields, and an attempt to lease 1 million hectares of land to a Chinese company fell through due to strong public outrage. Kazakhstan is participating in a global project initiated by China - which will create a transport corridor from East Asia to Europe. The country has traditional close ties with the Chinese Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (with whom it trades the most and with whom it borders). Kazakhstan, together with China, built a duty-free zone on Khorgos, which was visited by more than 2.5 million Chinese in 2016. In the foreign trade of Kazakhstan, China has a share of 14.5 percent and in exports - 11.5 percent. Of course, the influence of China, which is becoming the world's largest economy, is growing rapidly in the region.
Tourist routes of Kazakhstan.
"Common land creates a common destiny and history"
Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev. President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Natural and historical sights of Kazakhstan.
The total length of Kazakhstan's borders is over 14,000 kilometers.
Land since:
Republic of Uzbekistan - 2150 kilometers,
The Republic of Kyrgyzstan - 1050 kilometers,
Republic of Turkmenistan - 380 kilometers,
Republic of China - 1660 kilometers,
The Russian-Kazakh border has a total length of 7,598.6 km. Of these, almost 6,467 km. falls on the land section, another 1,500 - on the river, 85 km falls on the sea border in the Caspian Sea.
The territory of the republic extends from the lower reaches of the Volga in the west to the foot of the Altai Mountains in the east - for 3000 km, occupying two time zones, from West Siberian Lowland in the north to the Kyzylkum desert and the Tien Shan mountain system in the south - for 2000 km.
The northernmost point of Kazakhstan - 55"26"N. - corresponds to the southern latitude of the central part of the East European Plain and the south of the British Isles (the latitude of Moscow), the southernmost - 40 "56" N.L. - the latitudes of the Transcaucasus and the Mediterranean countries of Southern Europe (the latitude of Madrid, Istanbul and Baku). The state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is established:
- on land - along characteristic points and lines of relief or clearly visible landmarks;
- at sea - along the outer limit of the territorial sea of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
- on rivers (streams) - along their middle or along the middle of the main branch of the river and other water bodies - along a straight line connecting the outlets of the State Border of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the banks of the reservoir.
Over the past years, a solid legal framework has been created for the delimitation of state borders within the CIS, in particular, the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Alma-Ata Declaration, in which the parties recognized the inviolability of existing borders. Declaration on observance of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of the CIS member states, bilateral Treaties of eternal friendship of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the Russian Federation, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Uzbekistan
The total length of the Kazakh-Uzbek border exceeds two thousand kilometers, while the length of the border of the South Kazakhstan region with neighboring regions of Uzbekistan is about 800 kilometers.
