slide 1

Repetition of the theme AFRICA

slide 2

AFRICA
Game complement offers:
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
1) The hottest continent -

slide 3

Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
SAHARA
Game complement offers:
2) The largest desert -

slide 4

Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
Great Rifts of Africa
Game complement offers:
3) Most big system tectonic faults

slide 5

Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
NILE
Game complement offers:
4) The longest river -

slide 6

Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
Game complement offers:
5) Who is this?
Gorilla
Chimpanzee
Zebra
Hippopotamus
a lion
Camel
Okapi
Lemur
Ostrich
Elephant
Cheetah
Tsetse fly
Giraffe

Slide 7

It is located below us There, obviously, they walk upside down, There the year is turned inside out There, gardens bloom in October, There is summer in October, and not in July, There flow rivers without water (They disappear somewhere in the desert), There in the thickets traces of wingless birds, Cats get snakes for food, Animals are born from eggs, And there dogs do not know how to bark, Trees themselves climb out of the bark, There rabbits are more terrible than a flood. (G. Usova)

Slide 8

TOPIC: Australia. Geographical position, size, shape and seas and oceans washing the continent. History of the discovery and exploration of Australia.

Slide 9

Lesson Objectives
Remember how to define geographical position mainland; To study the features of the physical and geographical position of Australia. Compare with FGP Africa. Find out how the discovery and exploration of Australia took place.

Slide 10

Message interesting facts about Australia
Australia is the smallest continent on Earth;
The mainland is located entirely in the southern hemisphere;
Australia is the mainland of relics of animals and plants preserved from past geological eras
There are no active volcanoes here;
Australia is the driest continent on Earth. It receives 5 times less precipitation than Africa, 8 times less than South America;
About half of its area is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts;
The color of the continent is dominated by reddish-brown tones;
Australia later than others was settled and mastered by Europeans
The entire continent is occupied by one state.

slide 11

Mainland Exploration Plan
How the mainland is located relative to the equator, the tropics (arctic circles), and the zero meridian; Find the extreme points of the mainland, determine their coordinates and the length of the mainland in degrees and kilometers from north to south and from west to east; What seas and oceans wash the mainland; How is the mainland relative to other continents; In what climatic zones is the mainland located.

slide 12

slide 13

southern tropic

Slide 14

mainland outline

slide 15

Timor Sea
Arafura Sea
Gulf of Carpentaria
Great Australian Bight
tasman sea
coral sea
The waters surrounding the mainland
Torres Strait
Bass Strait

slide 16

Islands and peninsulas
solomon sea
tasmania island
Island New Zealand
New Guinea Island
Cape York Peninsula

Slide 17

Great coral reef

Slide 18

Extreme points of Australia
Cape Steep Point
Cape York
Cape South East Point
Cape Byron
26°S; 113°E
39°S; 147°E
28°S; 153°E
11°S; 142°E

Slide 19

Length of Australia
4400 km
3219 km

Slide 20

Australia's position in relation to other continents
Australia occupies 6% of the land area; The area of ​​Australia is 7.7 million km2, and with the islands 8.9 million km2.

slide 21

Comparative characteristics of FGPs in Africa and Australia
Plan Africa Australia
Relation to the equator
relation to the prime meridian.
Extreme points:
N S.W.E
position in relation to other continents.
Position in relation to the seas and oceans
Climatic zones
Lies south of the equator
Almost in the middle of the mainland crosses the equator
Lies in the Eastern Hemisphere
Lies in two hemispheres: western and eastern
M. York M. South East - Point M. Steep - Point M. Byron
M. Ben – Sekka M. Needle M. Almadi M. Ras Hafun.
Farthest from the mainland
The continent of Eurasia is closest to Africa.
In the east - water Pacific Ocean. In the north and west - the waters of the Indian Ocean
In the east - the waters of the Indian Ocean. In the north and west - the waters of the Atlantic Ocean
Subtropical, subequatorial, tropical
Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical

slide 22

Conclusion
In the geographical position of Africa and Australia, there are more differences than similarities. Similarities: Both continents are washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean (Africa from the east, Australia from the west); Both continents in the southern part are crossed by the southern tropic, which indicates the presence of a hot and dry climate on the continents. Differences: Africa in relation to the equator lies in two hemispheres (northern and southern), Australia in one (southern); Africa, relative to the prime meridian, lies in two hemispheres (western and eastern), Australia in one (eastern hemisphere); Africa is washed in the west by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Australia in the east by the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

slide 23

Willem Janszon (also known as Willem Jans), years of life presumably 1570-1630. - Dutch navigator, admiral, the first European to reach the coast of Australia.
Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch navigator, explorer and merchant. He received worldwide recognition for the sea campaigns he led in 1642-1644. IN mid-seventeenth century described the coast of the continent from Cape York to the Southern Tropic. Tasman proved that Australia is an independent continent. At that time it was called New Holland.

slide 24

History of discovery and exploration of Australia
J. Cook, an English navigator, re-discovered Australia in 1770, which was soon declared a colony of England.
When Captain Cook's ship ran aground, great geographical discovery opened the Great Barrier Reef.

Slide 25

History of discovery and exploration of Australia
M. Stewart led the first expedition that crossed Australia from south to north
The expedition of R. Burke, who was the first to cross the mainland from north to south, ended tragically in order to find a route for the telegraph. R. Burke died on the way back
John Forest led the expedition, the purpose of which was to lay a route for the future telegraph line linking Western Australia with the southern part of the mainland

slide 26

History of discovery and exploration of Australia
Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay ethnographer, anthropologist, biologist and traveler who studied the indigenous population South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania (1870-1880s), including the Papuans of the northeastern coast of New Guinea.

Slide 27

Anchoring
Game: Choose the correct statement
The word "austral" translated from Latin means "southern";
The east coast of Australia was discovered in 1770 by Abel Tasman;
The southern tropic crosses the mainland almost in the middle;
Tasmania is a small island north of the mainland;
Along the east coast is the Great Barrier Reef - a unique coral formation at the bottom of the sea;
Australia was discovered by James Cook;
The largest island off the coast of Australia is Madagascar;
South point of Australia - Cape York;
Bass Strait separates the island of Tasmania from Australia;
The eastern point of Australia is Cape Byron;
The Great Australian Bight washes the southern shores of Australia.
M
ABOUT
L
ABOUT
D
C
S

Slide 28

Australia, Australia, a beautiful mainland, Many people like it very much, although it is small, Plants, rare animals live there: Bottle tree, echidna, kangaroo, Acacia umbrella, koala, lyrebird, As well as emu and even platypus, Australia is beautiful, beautiful mainland . He tells everyone who saw him to love him.

Slide 29

Homework
Paragraph 35 of the textbook, make a crossword puzzle of 7 - 10 words on the topics (optional) "Geographical position of Australia", "History of the discovery of Australia".

History of the discovery of Australia. FGP Australia. The objectives of the lesson: to form an idea of ​​the FGP of Australia, to get acquainted with the history of the discovery and exploration of this continent.

Interesting Facts. Australia is the smallest continent on Earth. The mainland is located entirely in the southern hemisphere. Australia is a continent of relics - animals and plants preserved from past eras. There are no active volcanoes here. Australia is the driest of the continents on Earth. It receives 5 times less precipitation than Africa, 8 times less than South America.

About ½ of the mainland area is occupied by deserts. The color of the continent is dominated by reddish-brown tones. Australia later than other continents was settled and mastered by Europeans. The entire mainland is occupied by one state - the Commonwealth of Australia.

Features of FGP Australia. Determine how the mainland is located relative to the equator, tropics, prime meridian. How indented is the coastline? (Gulfs, peninsulas)

Australia.

Coastline. Great Australian Gulf. Gulf of Carpentaria. Peninsula Arnhemland. Cape York Peninsula. Island of Tasmania. Timor Island. Island of New Guinea. Island of New Caledonia.

Extreme points of the mainland. North - Cape York South - Cape South - East Point. (South-Eastern) Eastern - Cape Stip Point Western - Cape Byron. Determine the coordinates of the extreme points. Determine the length of the mainland from west to east (along 30 south latitude) and from north to south (along 145 east longitude).

What climate zone is Australia in?

Seas and oceans surrounding the mainland. Write down in a notebook.

The seas and oceans surrounding Australia. Seas: Tasmanovo, Timor, Coral, Arafura. Oceans: Indian, Pacific. Straits: Torres, Bass. Great Barrier Reef.

History of the discovery of Australia. 1606 Torres discovered the northern tip of the Australian Cape York Peninsula, and the strait separating New Guinea from Cape York - Torres. First half of the 18th century - the Dutch discovered the northern, western and part of the southern coast of Australia, which before early XIX V. called New Holland. 1642-1643 Abel Tasman proved that New Holland is a separate continent.

James Cook and his discoveries. 1769 James Cook went in search of a new continent. As a result of Cook's research, the legend about the existence of a large southern mainland was refuted and it was proved that Australia is an independent mainland.

Relief of Australia. At the base of the mainland lies the Australian platform. In the east - heavily destroyed, low mountains - the Great Dividing Range. The highest point in Australia is Mount Kosciuszko, 2228m. To the west of the mountains is the Central Lowland. In the west of the mainland - the Great Victoria Desert, the Great Sandy Desert.

Tectonics.

LARGE WATER SEPARATE RI BET

AUSTRALIA

V I K T O R I

MORE SAND

B IG O C A N S H A N S ROAD

GREAT BARRIER REEF

Minerals. On the map, determine what minerals Australia is rich in.

Consolidation of what has been learned. Which is further north: the Tasman Sea or the Timor Sea? Where is the Gulf of Carpentaria located: from the north or south of the mainland? Is New Zealand located to the west or east of Australia? What is made up of two islands: New Guinea or New Zealand? What strait separates Tasmania from the mainland?

Homework. Paragraph 35. In the contour map, plot large landforms, coastline, extreme points. Prepare for a geographical dictation on the mainland.

slide 2

Geographical position.

1. The position of the mainland relative to the equator, the tropics and the prime meridian.

2. Extreme points of the mainland, their coordinates.

3.Position of the mainland in climatic zones.

4. Seas and oceans washing the mainland.

5. The position of the mainland relative to other continents.

slide 3

General information about Australia.

a) without islands - 7.63 million sq km,

b) with islands - 8.89 million sq. km.

Extreme points:

a) northern - Cape York 10°.41"S

b) southern cape Yugo-Vostochny, 39 ° 11 "S

c) Western Cape Spint Poit 113 ° o5 "E.

d) eastern - Cape Byron 153 ° 39 "in the village.

slide 4

Length coastline 19.7 thousand km.

Mainland Height:

a) average 215 m,

b) maximum - 2230 m, Kosciuszko,

c) the minimum is -12 m, the level of Lake Eyre.

Population (1995) -28 million people

slide 5

slide 6

The uniqueness of the landscapes of Australia.

Australia, the smallest continent in terms of size, stands out for its exceptional natural beauty. This continent of relics, which are expressed both in the relief, and in the traces of the former watering of the now arid regions, and in very ancient, highly endemic flora and fauna. The uniqueness of landscapes is associated primarily with the inherent features of the formation of nature in conditions of long-term isolation from other continents. And now Australia is separated from other continents by vast oceanic expanses.

Slide 7

red sand hills

Australia is a mainland of deserts, semi-deserts and dry woodlands occupying vast inland plains.

Western Australian Plateau 400-500m high

Slide 8

waterfall

Mid-Rise Large Dividing

Ridge in the east highest point mainland

Slide 9

Lake Eyre.

Central lowland, where the lowest point of the mainland is located in the Lake Eyre region

Slide 10

Discovery history.

Australia was discovered by Europeans later than other inhabited continents:

Distance from Europe.

The mainland was discovered by the Dutch. Abel Tasman's expedition collected a lot of information. He explored the northern and northwestern shores of the mainland in 1642-1643 and discovered the island of Tasmania.

The east coast was discovered in the 18th century. Englishman James Cook.

The development of Australia begins at the end of the 18th century.

slide 11

Practical work

Fill contour map;

1. sign the seas and oceans washing the mainland.

2. sign the extreme points.

3. Big Dividing Range.

4. Victoria Desert.

View all slides

Geography lesson on the topic "Geographical location and history of the discovery of Australia"

Lesson Objectives

1. Form knowledge about the features of the geographical position of Australia;

2. to work out the ability to characterize the GP of the mainland according to the plan;

3. introduce the history of the discovery of the mainland;

4. continue the formation of skills to work with the map and draw conclusions

I. Geographic location of Australia.

Using the physical map of Australia and the world map, determine the geographical position of Australia according to the plan on p. How should the geographical position affect the nature of the mainland?

1. The equator does not cross, passes north of the mainland,

hence Australia is located in the southern hemisphere.

2. The prime meridian does not cross the mainland, passes to the west,

hence Australia is located in the Eastern Hemisphere.

3. Determination of the extreme points of the mainland.

Parties horizon	extreme points	Geogr - I latitude	Geogr - I longitude
North	capeYork	11 0 Yu. sh.	143 0 V. d.
South	Yugo- Oriental	39 0 Yu. sh.	146 0 V. d.
West	Stip- Point	26 0 Yu. sh.	113 0 V. d.
East	Rayron	27 0 Yu. sh.	154 0 V. d.

4. Length:

north to south: 39 - 11 = 28 0 * 111.3 km = 3116.4 km

from west to east: 154 - 113 = 41 0 * 100 km = 4100 km.

Conclusion: Australia is located in a hot thermal zone and most of it lies in the tropical climate zone, therefore, Australia is one of the hottest and driest continents, therefore Australia is poor in surface water and the main area is occupied by tropical deserts.

5. Describe the coastline of the mainland.

Task: Put geographical objects on the contour map:

Cape York;

Cape Southeast;

Cape Byron;

Cape Steep Point;

coral sea;

Tasman Sea;

Great Australian Bight;

o.Tasmania;

Arafura Sea;

Bass Strait;

Torres Strait;

Indian Ocean;

peninsula Arnhemland;

Cape York Peninsula;

o.New Guinea;

Great Barrier Reef;

islands of New Zealand.

East Australian Current;

West Australian Current;

Pacific Ocean.

Gulf of Carpentaria

II. History of the discovery and exploration of Australia.

The geographers of the ancient world believed that in the southern hemisphere there should be a huge continent - Terra Australis Incognita, which balances the vast expanses of land in the northern hemisphere. This continent was discovered by the Dutch.

The honor of discovering Australia belongs to a Dutch navigator

Willem Janszon.On the ship "Dufken" in 1605 he crossed the Gulf of Carpentaria

and explored 320 km of coastline in the north of the mainland.

In 1606, the Spanish navigator Torres passed through the strait between New Guinea and Australia.The strait is named after him - Torres.

In the first half of the 17th century The northern, western, and southwestern coasts of the mainland were known. The voyages of Abel Tasman were of great importance.Dutch navigatorin 1642-1643 passedSouth of Australia and discovered the islands, later named Tasmania and New Zealand. In 1644 he explored the northwestern coast of the mainland. (Listen to a student report on the trip Abel Tasman)

In 1770, an English navigatorJames Cook Discovered the East Coast

Australia, Great Barrier Reef, completing the discovery of Australia.(Listen to the student's report on the journeyJames A Cook A) .

Irish TravelerRobert O'hara Burkein 1861 he was the first to cross Australia from south to north. Died on the way back.

Scottish explorer John Stewart crossed the mainland twice from south to north in 1862. He made a great contribution to the study of the central regions of Australia.

Russian scientistMiklukho-Maklai Nikolai Nikolaevichin the 1870s he studied the life, customs, religious rites of the natives (Papuans) New Guinea

Additional material .

Abel Tasman. In 1642, Tasman set sail - in search of an unknown southern land, the wealth of which was also rumored. Under his command were two ships of the East India Company. In September, the expedition reached the island of Mauritius in the western Indian Ocean, where it replenished its food supplies, and then moved south and southeast. As you can easily guess from the name of this Dutch navigator, the main discovery of this trip was the island of Tasmania. True, the discoverer himself called it Van Diemen's Land, in honor of the governor who sent the expedition. The island was renamed Tasmania only in the middle of the 19th century. Also, as a result of the expedition, the island of Tonga, the west coast of New Zealand and some of the islands of the Fiji archipelago were discovered and mapped. On the shores of New Zealand, Dutch explorers encountered local residents - the Maori. As a result of a sudden outbreak of conflict, four sailors were killed, so Tasman named the place where it happened Killer Bay. Soon after his return to Jakarta, then called Batavia, Tasman set sail again. This time he explored the Australian Gulf of Carpentaria and the northwest coast of Australia. Thanks to Tasman's research, there are noticeably fewer white spots on the map of the Pacific Ocean. When the Dutch navigator returned to Batavia again, he was promoted to the rank of commander. In 1647 he became the Dutch representative in Siam. In 1651, due to conflicts in the East India Company, Tasman retired and entered into trade as a private individual. Tasman died in October 1659 in Batavia..).

James Cook. In 1768-71, Cook led an English expedition on the barque Endeavre, sent to the Pacific Ocean by the British Admiralty to identify the southern mainland and annex new lands to the British Empire. After the discovery of four islands from the group of the Society, he passed through the "empty" ocean for more than 2.5 thousand km and on October 8, 1769 reached an unknown land, with high, snow-covered mountains. It was New Zealand. For more than 3 months, Cook sailed along its shores and made sure that these were two large islands separated by a strait, which later received his name. In the summer, Cook first approached the east coast of Australia, which he declared a British possession (New South Wales), was the first to explore and map about 4 thousand km of its east coast and almost the entire (2300 km) he discovered the Great Barrier Reef. Cook passed through the Torres Strait to the island of Java and, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, returned home on July 13, 1771, having lost 31 people from tropical fever. Thanks to the diet he developed, none of the team had scurvy. Cook's first circumnavigation lasted a little over 3 years; he was awarded the rank of captain of the 1st rank.

III. Homework.

Learn the nomenclature, paragraph No. 35, put on the contour map of the travel of A. Tasman and J. Cook.

Answers I option II option

Criteria:

She is below us. There, obviously, they walk upside down, There the year is turned inside out, Gardens bloom in October, Summer is there in October, not in July, Rivers flow without water (they disappear somewhere in the desert) There are traces of wingless birds in the thickets, There, cats get snakes for food, Animals are born from eggs, And there dogs cannot bark, Trees themselves climb out of the bark. There the rabbits are worse than the flood...

Geographical position and history of exploration of Australia. Lesson Objectives: to form an idea of ​​the FGP of Australia, to get acquainted with the history of the discovery and exploration of this continent. Geographic location of the mainland

• Position in relation to the equator, prime meridian, tropics;
• neighboring continents;
• Oceans, seas washing the mainland;
• Indented coastline;
• extreme points.

Determine the FGP of the mainland according to the plan.

Area - 7 million 614 thousand km2

Coastline

Australia is a huge country stretching from west to east for almost 4,000 km and from north to south for 3,700 km.

Extreme points of Australia

• Northern - M. York
• South - M. South East Point
• Western - M. Steep Point
• Eastern - M. Byron

Determine the coordinates

extreme points

North - m. York 11 0S 142 0 east

South - m. South East Point 39 0 S 1460E

Western - Cape Steep Point 26 0 S 113 0v.d.

Eastern - Cape Byron 28 0 S 153 0v.d.

History of the discovery of Australia

Australia was discovered by an English explorer James Cook. He made his discovery during circumnavigation in 1770

The name "Australia" appeared on maps several centuries before this continent was discovered. Assumptions that there must be a huge continent in the Southern Hemisphere were expressed by the ancient Greeks. But since no one knew anything reliable about the existence of this southern continent, its contours were depicted on the maps very approximately, and the signature near this blurry spot read: "Terra Australis Incognita".

Translated from Latin, this means: "Unknown South Land." This unknown land occupied a huge space on the map. It was believed that in the southern parts of three oceans: Pacific, Atlantic and Indian - the largest continent of the Earth is located, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich exceeded the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ball the continents known by that time

History of research Willem Janszon

One of the first explored the territory of Australia.

On the ship "Dufken" in 1605 he crossed the Gulf of Carpentaria

and explored 320 km of coastline

in the north of the mainland.

Luis de Torres

In 1606, the Spanish navigator Torres passed through the strait between New Guinea and Australia.

In 1769 it was named Torres Strait.

Find the strait on the map

Abel Tasman

Dutch navigator

Abel Tasman

in 1642-1643 passed

South of Australia and discovered the islands later named

o.Tasmania and New Zealand.

A. Tasman mistook these islands for the peninsulas of the New Holland mainland. (Textbook p.)

In 1644 he explored the northwestern coast of the mainland.

What geographical features are named after this navigator?

James Cook (1728-1779)

In 1770, an English navigator

James Cook Discovered the East Coast

Australia, Great Barrier Reef, completing the discovery of Australia.

What geographical features are named after this navigator?

Robert O'hara Burke

An Irish traveler in 1861 was the first to cross Australia from south to north. Died on the way back.

John Stewart

Scottish explorer John Stewart crossed the mainland twice from south to north in 1862. He made a great contribution to the study of the central regions.

Miklukho-Maklai Nikolai Nikolaevich

Russian scientist in the 1870s was engaged in the study of life, customs, religious rites of the aborigines (Papuans) of New Guinea

Task: Put geographical objects on the contour map

Let's summarize!

What continent did you meet?

What features of the mainland do you remember?

Who explored the mainland?

Homework Paragraph - p. Complete the task in the classroom. pp. *message about one of the travelers - the discoverers of Australia;

So, friends, it's time to say goodbye. And I want to wish you: Always willing to learn, Always willing to work. And never be discouraged.