Noun

Adjective

Verb

2. Initial form:

them. p., units h.

Who? What?

them. p., units hours, m.

unspecified f. ch.

what to do?

3. Permanent signs:

declination

conjugation

4. The form in which the word used:

number

case

number

case

(Recognize them by the word-

commander: ×)

time

number

(for past temp. units h.)

face

(for present and future)

5. Role in the proposal: which member is; if secondary, write out the phrase in

which it enters as a dependent member, show

Words with suffixes -ek-/-ik- always raise a lot of questions from schoolchildren. Moreover, not every adult knows in what cases this or that morpheme is written. That is why we decided to devote this article to this topic.

General information

Name 2 words with the suffix -ik-. It should be noted that this is not difficult to do, but only if you know the basic rule of the Russian language, which explains the spelling of the letters "i" and "e" in this morpheme. After all, some people constantly make the same mistakes, and instead of “key” they write “key”, instead of “bush” - “bush”, “ball” - “ball”, and so on. That is why the school curriculum pays special attention to this topic.

When should the letter "i" be used?

And what words with suffixes -ek-/-ik- do you know? These include the following: a sofa, granddaughter, son, brick, peas, knife, pencil, bell, leaf, lump, hammer, flower, leaf, bush, light, whistle, stalk, key, boy, spout, cucumber, high chair, finger , a piece, a face, a bag, a ball, a handkerchief, a pie, a bridge, a ball, an airplane, a cog, a bow, a rain, a nut, a garden, a kitten, etc.

As you can see, every mentioned word with the suffix -ik- raises serious doubts about its correct spelling. After all, this morpheme is in an unstressed position, and therefore it is impossible to determine which vowel should be placed at the end - “i” or “e” (or maybe “o”?). That is why we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the relevant rules of the Russian language.

Basic rule

A word with the suffix -ik- should be written only if the vowel "and" is retained during its declension. For clarity, here are specific examples:

• pencil - pencil Ika;
• sofa - sofa;
• cucumber - cucumber;
• kalachik - kalachik;
• bush - bush;
• spout - spout;
• stool - stool;
• finger - finger;
• face - face;
• boy - boy;
• key - key;
• ball - ball;
• airplane - airplaneIka;
• leaf - leaf;
• screw - screw;
• bow - bow;
• bridge - bridge;
• brick - brick;
• rain - rain;
• kindergarten - kindergarten, etc.

When should the letter "e" be used?

We talked about how you can check a word with the suffix -ik- a little higher. However, it should be noted that in the Russian language there are often such lexical units that have the morpheme -ek-. And in order to make sure that the letter “e” is really written in these words, it is also recommended to decline them. If it is fluent (that is, it drops out), then only the suffix -ek- should be put.

Here are some illustrative examples:

• bell - bell;
• granddaughter - granddaughter;
• little flame - little flame;
• peas - peas;
• knife - knife;
• lump - lump;
• whistle - whistle;
• hammer - hammer;
• leaflet - leaflet;
• nut - nut;
• son - sonChKa;
• stalk - stalk;
• a piece - a piece;
• pouch - pouch;
• flower - flower;
• handkerchief - handkerchief;
• pie - pie;
• kitten - kitten and so on.

As you can see, it is quite easy to determine which word is written with the suffix -ik-, and which one is spelled with the suffix -ek-. By the way, such morphemes in Russian are called alternating. Unlike invariable ones, their spelling depends on certain situations (in this case, on the preservation of the vowel when the word is declined).

with suffix -ok-

Above, we examined words with the suffix -ik-. -Ok- is also a morpheme. However, during word formation, such a suffix does not raise any doubts. What is it connected with? The fact is that the presented morpheme almost always occupies a stressed position. As a result, the letter "o" in the suffix -ok- is heard as clearly as possible. To illustrate, here are a few examples:

• cam;
• top;
• son;
• hammer;
• shooterOk;
• cockerel;
• foolOk;
• bank;
• chalk;
• connoisseur;
• snowOk;
• hook;
• Teremok, etc.

Suffixes -ek- and -ok- after pinching consonants

You know what words with the suffix -ik-, -ek- and -ok- exist. However, here arises new question: "In what cases in the last two morphemes should the letter "e" be put after the sibilants, and in which - "o"? After all, it is quite difficult to determine how it will be right: cockerel or cockerel. What is it connected with? The fact is that during the pronunciation of such lexical units, both the letter “e” and the letter “o” after hissing consonants are heard as [o].

Spelling rule for vowels "e" and "o" after hissing

If the suffix after the hissing consonant is stressed, then only the morpheme -ok- should be written. Let's take an illustrative example:

• bank;
• cockerel;
• cam;
• top;
• man;
• top;
• old man;
• worm;
• boot;
• foolOk;
• bounce;
• joint;
• son;
• snowOk;
• hook and others.

As for the suffix -ek-, it is placed only in those words in which stress does not fall on it, and if such a lexical unit loses a vowel during declension.

For clarity, here is an example:

• knife
• nutlet
• granddaughter;
• peas;
• bell;
• lump;
• hammer;
• leaflet;
• little spark;
• whistlePoints;
• sonGlasses;
• colorPoints;
• stalk;
• a piece;
• pouch;
• ovrAzhek;
• handkerchief;
• pie;
• kitten and others.

Ways of forming words using the suffix -ok-

How are such words formed? Nouns with the suffix -ik-/-ek- arise by adding a morpheme to As a result, we get a new lexical unit, but in a diminutive meaning (for example, a sofa, a lump, a granddaughter, a leaflet, a hammer, a bell, etc.).

As for the suffix -ok-, it gives slightly different meanings:

• Diminutiveness, accompanied by an expression of endearment (let's give an example: a seagull, a brother, a son-in-law, a fungus, a leaf, etc.).
• Action (let's give an example: yawn, throw, kick, sip, jerk, smear, push, jump, slap, jump, click, clap, etc.).
• An object, or rather the result of an action (let's give an example: a fragment, a skein, a stump, a sketch, a cast, an imprint, a stitch, a village, a settlement, etc.).
• An object, or rather an instrument of action (let's give an example: a whistle, a bell, a beep, etc.).
• The subject, or rather the subject of the action (for example, a float, an engine, a sprout, etc.).
• Location (skating rink).
• A diminutive or only pet meaning (for example, Ninok, Vitek, Lidok, Igor, Sashok, etc.).
• A person who performs an action (for example, rider, eater, shooter, player, walker, etc.).
• A person who arises as a result of an action (for example, a premature baby, a degenerate, an overgrown man, an undergrowth, a teenager, etc.).
• Persons characterized by the quality contained in the motivating word (for example, ancestor, descendant, etc.).
• An object characterized by a sign that is called motivating (for example, wild, squirrel, yolk, etc.).
• A substance that is named by a motivating noun (for example, crayon).
• A unit that stands out in nouns and denotes a group of identical objects. At the same time, there are exactly as many of them as are called motivating (for example, fives, ten, etc.).

Words with suffixes -ek-/-ik- always raise a lot of questions from schoolchildren. Moreover, not every adult knows in what cases this or that morpheme is written. That is why we decided to devote this article to this topic.

General information

Name 2 words with the suffix -ik-. It should be noted that this is not difficult to do, but only if you know the basic rule of the Russian language, which explains the spelling of the letters "i" and "e" in this morpheme. After all, some people constantly make the same mistakes, and instead of “key” they write “key”, instead of “bush” - “bush”, “ball” - “ball”, and so on. That is why the school curriculum pays special attention to this topic.

When should the letter "i" be used?

And what words with suffixes –ek-/-ik- do you know? These include the following: a sofa, granddaughter, son, brick, peas, knife, pencil, bell, leaf, lump, hammer, flower, leaf, bush, light, whistle, stalk, key, boy, spout, cucumber, high chair, finger , a piece, a face, a bag, a ball, a handkerchief, a pie, a bridge, a ball, an airplane, a cog, a bow, a rain, a nut, a garden, a kitten, etc.

As you can see, every mentioned word with the suffix -ik- raises serious doubts about its correct spelling. After all, this morpheme is in an unstressed position, and therefore it is impossible to determine which vowel should be placed at the end - “i” or “e” (or maybe “o”?). That is why we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the relevant rules of the Russian language.

Basic rule

A word with the suffix -ik- should be written only if the vowel "i" is preserved during its declension. For clarity, here are specific examples:

When should the letter "e" be used?

We talked about how you can check a word with the suffix -ik- a little higher. However, it should be noted that in the Russian language there are often such lexical units that have the morpheme -ek-. And in order to make sure that the letter “e” is really written in these words, it is also recommended to decline them. If it is fluent (that is, it drops out), then only the suffix -ek- should be put.

Here are some illustrative examples:

As you can see, it is quite easy to determine which word is written with the suffix -ik-, and which one is spelled with the suffix -ek-. By the way, such morphemes in Russian are called alternating. Unlike invariable ones, their spelling depends on certain situations (in this case, on the preservation of the vowel when the word is declined).

Nouns with the suffix -ok-

Above, we examined words with the suffix -ik-. –Ok- is also a morpheme of nouns. However, during word formation, such a suffix does not raise any doubts. What is it connected with? The fact is that the presented morpheme almost always occupies a stressed position. As a result, the letter "o" in the suffix -ok- is heard as clearly as possible. To illustrate, here are a few examples:

Suffixes -ek- and -ok- after pinching consonants

You know what words with the suffix -ik-, -ek- and -ok- exist. However, here a new question arises: “In what cases in the last two morphemes should the letter “e” be placed after the sibilants, and in which cases – “o”? After all, it is quite difficult to determine how it will be right: cockerel or cockerel. What is it connected with? The fact is that during the pronunciation of such lexical units, both the letter “e” and the letter “o” after hissing consonants are heard as [o].

Spelling rule for vowels "e" and "o" after hissing

If the suffix after the hissing consonant is stressed, then only the morpheme -ok- should be written. Let's take an illustrative example:

As for the suffix -ek-, it is placed only in those words in which stress does not fall on it, and if such a lexical unit loses a vowel during declension.

For clarity, here is an example:

Ways of forming words using the suffix -ok-

How are such words formed? Nouns with the suffix -ik-/-ek- arise by adding a morpheme to the stem of a word. As a result, we get a new lexical unit, but in a diminutive meaning (for example, a sofa, a lump, granddaughters, a leaf, a hammer, a bell, etc.).
As for the suffix -ok-, it gives slightly different meanings:

ok yok rule

◄ § 54. Spelling of suffixes.

1. -ik, -ek. To distinguish between suffixes -ik, -ek (-ok) , we must remember that when declining the word, the suffix -ik preserves the vowel sound, and the suffix -ek (-ok) loses a vowel sound: key- ik- key- ik-a, cucumber- ik- cucumber- ik-A, But flower-ek - flower- To-a, fire- ek- fire- To-A.
2. - ok, ok. After hissing under stress, it is written -OK : coast OK, wolch OK, cockerel OK, shoe OK . Suffix -ek after hissing it is written if the stress does not fall on it: n o zhich ek, or e sh ek .
Exercises.
3. -ets, -its- A. Suffix -ets occurs only in masculine words, and the suffix -its- A occurs only in feminine words: bread ec, old ec , But: conn itz a, puddle itz A.
Exercise.
4. -ets- O, -its- e. In neuter nouns it is written -eco , if the stress falls on the ending, and is written -ice if the accent falls on the stem: letter tso, gun eso , But dress ice, armchair ice .
Exercises.
5. —inc-A, -enk- A. Suffix -ink- A written in nouns that are formed from words in -in- A, having the value of singularity: straw in a - straw inc ah, gone in a - protal inc A; -enk- A is written in words formed from nouns, the basis of which is in gender. pad. plural numbers ending in -en : pash n i am pash en (gen. case. plural) - pash enk A; bass n i am bass en- bass enk A; SOS n a - sos en– sos enk A.
But: village - tree ny– tree ny ka; kitchen - kitchen ny– kuho ny ka.
Exercises.
6. -ear-, -yushk-, -yshk- . Suffix -yshk- used in neuter nouns: sun yshk oh per yshk O. Suffix -ear-, -yushk- written in masculine and feminine words: grandfather eyelet a neighbor eyelet ah, cows eyelet a, wolf yushk ah, bat yushk ah, bread eyelet O. Suffix -yushk- it is also written in words of the middle gender with a soft stem: field - floor yushk oh, grief - mountains yushk O. 7. After suffixes -ushk- (-yushk-), -ishk- the ending is written -A or -O :
a) In feminine nouns. the genus is always written ending -A ; little head A, volyushk A, earth A .
b) In male nouns. kind, if they denote animate objects, the ending is written -A : grandfathers A, son A ; if they denote inanimate objects, then the ending is written -O : bread O, courtyard O .
c) In nouns, the middle. the genus is always written ending -O: polyushka O, letter O, glass O, wing O .
Exercises.
8. -IC- A, -echk- A. Suffix -IC- A(usually with an accent And ) is written in nouns formed from words in -its- A or -hic- A: countries and tsa - countries and chk a, fox and tsa - fox and chk a, ladder - ladder ichc a, earthlings and ka - earthlings and chk A. In other cases, write -echk- A: spoon - lie echk a paper - paper echk a, bench - bench echk A.
Exercises.
9. -yonk- A ( -He to- A), -yonok (-onok) . After hissing under stress instead -yonk- A, -yonok spelled -He to- A, -onok : books He to uh, bear oh nok, mouse oh nok, galch oh nok .
10. -enk- A, -onk- A. In affectionate suffixes -enk-, -onk- after n spelled b: mom enk a, birch onc A.
Exercises.
11. -search- e, -search- A. Suffix -search- e(ending -e ) is written in masculine and neuter words (decline according to the 2nd declension): House House seek e, nose - nose seek e, swamp - swamp seek e, log - log seek e. Suffix -search- A(ending -A ) is written in feminine words (decline according to the 1st declension): boredom - boring seek a, paw - paw seek a, beard - beard seek A.
Exercises.

12. -chik, -chik. After consonant suffixes -chic And -chik pronunciation is difficult to distinguish. In doubtful cases, it must be remembered that in nouns that denote people by the nature of their occupations and actions, the suffix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten -chik if the suffix is ​​preceded by t, e, s, h, f: fly - flight chik, translate - translation chik, spread - spacing chik, carry - cart chik, run over - run over chik . After other consonants, write -schik : kit box, stone box, finger box . After T only a few words, mostly of foreign origin, have the suffix -schik : flutes box, repair box, diamond box and etc.
Before suffixes -schik And -chik soft sign written only after the letter l: chair chik, smoked box, pil box (But: con chik, ban box, stone box ).
Exercises.

◄ § 55. Spelling of the particle Not with nouns.

Particle Not spelled with nouns together:
1) if without a particle Not noun is not used: adversity, bad weather, slovenly, indignation;
2) if the addition of a particle does not form a new word that can be replaced by another word that is close in meaning: enemy - enemy, misfortune - trouble.
Particle Not written with nouns separately, if there is or is implied opposition: This Not Truth(and a lie). He me Not buddy(but only a friend).
Exercises.

stcreserv.narod.ru

Russian language lesson in the 3rd grade on the topic "Learning to write the suffix -ok- in nouns"

1. Organizing time

Do you have a textbook on your desk?
What about pens and notebooks?
Let's start the lesson now
Once you're all right.
Be careful,
Obedient and observant.
To learn the Russian language
You need to seriously study everything.

Pteka, b.seda, b.l.to, girl, z.bota, z.vod, m.rkov, k.l.ndar, k.strulya, .g.rod, r.keta, tr.mvai , sh.k.lad, sh.fer.

3. Learning new material.

Problematic situation. Let's watch the suffix - ok - address, slipper, squirrel, barrel, tubercle, goby, breeze, evening, hair, spinning top

Did you manage to notice the peculiarities of this suffix?

Children draw a conclusion: firstly, this suffix is ​​always stressed, and secondly, the sound (o) after hissing in this suffix is ​​denoted by the letter o.

4. Textbook work p. 20 No. 1. Form words with the suffix -ok- that would name small objects.

shoe, bull, wolf, friend, beetle, heel, meadow, spider, pie, lever, boot, snow, cottage cheese, iron, hamster, step, tongue. ( Slide 7, examination)

5. Work in the notebook “We write competently” No. 2

No. 1. Add suffixes -ek-, -ok-.

6. Work in pairs.

Compose and write ten words using the suffixes -ek-, -ok-.

cheese, friend, hook, pancake, friend, spider, man, wind, castle, pie, oak, snow.

Task: read the original words again and name those that already had suffixes (these are the words pancake, friend), what happened when the suffix -ek- was added to these words.

The conclusion is drawn by the students: in the suffix -ok- there was an alternation of k / h.

In the morning the butterfly woke up
Stretched, smiled.
Once - she washed herself with dew,
Two - gracefully circled.
Three bent down and sat down,
At four, she flew away.

Eye charger.

Look out the window, close your eyes, look again. Make circular movements with your eyes to the right and left. Open your eyes, look into the distance.

8. Textbook work. With. 21 no. 5.

Fixing the spelling of nouns with suffixes -ok-, -ek-, -ik-, working out the analysis of the composition of the word.

Write down groups of related words, writing the words in this order:

snow, dove, whistle, snow, little step, little dove, evening, kindergarten, whistle, evening, bell, snowball, dove, whistle, evening, garden ringing, step, little garden, call, step.

xn--i1abbnckbmcl9fb.xn--p1ai

Suffixes with a diminutive caressing meaning. Suffix examples?

What are the suffixes with a diminutive meaning in Russian?

Diminutive suffixes, or suffixes of subjective evaluation in Russian, are not derivational: they form word forms, mainly nouns.

Let's group them by gender.

Suffixes of masculine nouns:

2) -hic-: leaf;

3) -chik-: suitcase;

4) -ets-: people;

6) -yshk-/-ear-: sparrow, pebble.

Suffixes of feminine nouns:

1) -To-: pen;

2) -c-: door;

3) -IC-: mitten;

4) -points-/-points-: needle, little book;

5) -nk-: river, Nadenka;

6) -ear-/-ear-: little head, girly, nanny;

7) -enochk-: girl;

8) —urk-: girly;

9) -us-// -str-: mamusya, Lenusya; mommy.

Suffixes of neuter nouns:

1) -To-: milk;

2) -c-/-ec-/-ic-: pocket mirror, coat, dress;

3) -yshk-/-ishk-: nest, house;

4) -ear-/-ear-: bread, polyushko;

5) -echk-: word.

Adjective suffixes:

-onk / -enk-: soft, sweet.

Derivative suffixes with a diminutive meaning:

Onk- striped, fox, Lizonka;

Enk-zorenka, little path, Sashenka, mama, papa;

Yink-hare, good-bye, good-bye;

In + k - pea, abrasion, straw;

Enk - refugee, sissy, French;

Ik - key, knife;

Ek - a lock, a piece, a bag;

Ok- top, fist;

Etz - a letter, a gun;

Itz-mitelitsa, beauty, butter, armchair;

Ich + k chanterelle, ladder, onion.

In russian language with a diminutive meaning there are many suffixes.

noun will give a diminutive meaning to the following suffixes:

leg, head, dove, handle;

-ik, -ek:

table, square, pencil, broom, wreath;

ok-/ok:

slipper, chest, hook, fluff, stump, day;

-ets-, -its-:

a puddle, a face, an armchair, an oil, a coat, a letter;

-echk-/points:

seed, temechko, imechko, time, strainer, morning, asterisk, tassel, news;

-onk-/-enk-/enk-:

head, fox, little hand, little leg;

-yshk-/-ishk-:

feather, sun, neck, little thing, glass;

-ear-/-ear- :

old woman, girly, winter, pole, volushka;

-onk-/yonk-:

little boy, little river, little shop, money, little horse, little head;

-chik-:

pocket, cup, dummy;

-ink-:

a speck of dust, a teardrop, a fluff, a dewdrop;

-ashk-:

At adjectives note the suffixes with a diminutive meaning:

enk-/-onk-:

small, quick, nimble, smart, inferior, light.

Examples of nouns in a diminutive meaning with suffixes:

Examples of adjectives in a diminutive meaning with suffixes.

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