Is the letter "Y" a vowel or a consonant, hard or soft? Phonetic parsing words.

This question is often asked by students who need to parse a word according to all the rules of phonetics. You will get the answer to it a little further.

General information.

Before talking about what the letter “y” is (soft or hard), you should find out why the letters of the Russian alphabet are generally divided according to such criteria.

The fact is that each word has its own sound shell, which consists of individual sounds. It should be noted that the sound of this or that expression is fully consistent with its meaning. At the same time, different words and their forms are completely different sound design. The sounds themselves don't matter. However, they perform essential role In russian language. After all, thanks to them, we can easily distinguish words.
Let's give an example : [house] - [lady´] - [home´ma]; [m'el] - [m'el '], [volume] - [there], [house] - [volume].

Transcription.

Why do we need information about what the letter "y" is (hard or soft)? During a word, it is very important to correctly display the transcription that describes its sound. In such a system, it is customary to use the following symbols:

- This designation is called square brackets. They must be put to indicate transcription.

[ ´] is an accent. It is placed if the word has more than one syllable.

[b '] - a kind of comma is placed next to the consonant letter and indicates its softness.

By the way, during the phonetic analysis of words, the following symbol is often used - [j]. As a rule, they denote the sound of the letter “y” (sometimes a symbol such as [y] is also used).

Letter "y": consonant or vowel?

As you know, in Russian all sounds are divided into consonants and vowels. They are perceived and pronounced differently.

Vowel sounds are those sounds during the pronunciation of which air passes easily and freely through the mouth, without encountering any obstacles in its path. Moreover, they can be pulled, with the help of them you can scream. If you put your palm to your throat, then the work of the cords (voice) during the pronunciation of vowels can be quite easily felt. There are 6 stressed vowels in Russian, namely: [a], [e], [u], [s], [o] and [i].

Consonant sounds are those sounds during the pronunciation of which the air meets an obstacle in its path, namely a bow or a gap. Their appearance determines the nature of the sounds. As a rule, a gap is formed when pronouncing [s], [w], [h] and [g]. In this case, the tip of the tongue approaches the upper or lower teeth. The presented consonants can be drawn (for example, [zh-zh-zh], [z-z-z]). As for the bow, such a barrier is formed due to the closing of the organs of speech. The air, or rather its flow, abruptly overcomes it, due to which the sounds are energetic and short. That is why they are called explosive. By the way, it is impossible to pull them (try it yourself: [p], [b], [t], [e]).

In addition to the above consonants, the Russian language also has the following: [m], [d], [c], [f], [g], [l], [p], [h], [c], [x] . As you can see, there are many more than vowels.

Silent and voiced sounds.

By the way, many consonants form between pairs of deafness and sonority: [k] - [g], [b] - [p], [h] - [c], [d] - [t], [f] - [c], etc. In total, there are 11 such pairs in Russian. However, there are sounds that do not have pairs on this basis. These include: [th], [p], [n], [l], [m] are unpaired voiced, and [h] and [c] are unpaired voiceless.

Soft and hard consonants.

As you know, consonants differ not only in sonority or, conversely, deafness, but also in softness and hardness. This property is the second most important feature of sounds.

So, the letter "y": hard or soft? To answer this question, you should consider each feature separately:

During the pronunciation of soft consonants, the entire tongue moves slightly forward, and its middle part rises slightly.
During the pronunciation of hard consonants, the entire tongue is literally pulled back.

It should be especially noted that many consonants form pairs among themselves according to such features as softness and hardness: [d] - [d '], [p] - [p '], etc. There are 15 such pairs in total. However, there are also sounds that do not have pairs on this basis. What solid letters are unpaired? These include the following - [w], [g] and [c]. As for unpaired soft ones, these are [u '], [h '] and [y '].

Letter designation.

Now you know the information about whether the letter "y" is hard or soft. But here comes new question: "How is the softness of such sounds indicated in writing?" For this, they are used completely different ways:

The letters "e", "u", "ё", "i" after the consonants (not counting "zh", "sh", and "c") indicate that these consonants are soft. Let's give an example: uncle - [d'a´d'a], aunt - [t'o´t'a].
The letter "i" after the consonants (not counting "zh", "sh", and "c") indicates that these consonants are soft. Let's give an example: cute - [m'and'cute'], sheet - [l'ist], nowhere - [n'i´tk'i].
The soft sign ("ь") after consonants (not counting "zh" and "w") is an indicator of grammatical form. It also indicates that consonants are soft. Examples example: distance - [gave '], stranded - [m'el '], request - [proz'ba].

As you can see, the softness of consonant sounds in writing is conveyed not by individual letters, but by their combinations with the vowels “e”, “yu”, “yo”, “ya”, as well as soft sign. That is why, when phonetically parsing a word, experts recommend paying attention to neighboring characters.

As for the vowel "y", it is always soft. In this regard, in transcription it is usually denoted as follows: [th ']. That is, the comma symbol, indicating the softness of the sound, must always be set. [u '], [h '] obey the same rule.

Let's summarize.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in correctly making a phonetic analysis of any word. To do this, you just need to know what vowels and consonants are, deaf and voiced, as well as soft and hard. For a better understanding of how it is necessary to arrange transcription, here are a few detailed examples.

1. The word "hero". Consists of two syllables, with the 2nd being stressed. Let's do a breakdown:

G - [g ’] - voiced, consonant and soft.
p - [p] - voiced, consonant, unpaired and hard.
o - [o] - stressed vowel.
th - [th ’] - voiced, consonant, unpaired and soft.

Total: 5 letters and 5 sounds.

2. The word "trees". Consists of three syllables, with the 2nd being stressed. Let's do a breakdown:

D - [d '] - voiced, consonant and soft.
e - [and] - unstressed vowel.
p - [p '] - voiced, consonant, unpaired and soft.
e - [e´] - stressed vowel.
in - [in '] - voiced, consonant and soft
b - [–]
e - [y '] - voiced, consonant, unpaired and soft and [e] - vowel, unstressed;
in - [f] - deaf,

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Subject: Entertainment A country: Russia Language: Russian

Yu TV- an entertaining youth Russian TV channel, which first went on the air at the frequency of Muz-TV in September 2012. At the moment, the Yu TV channel network has over 880 major cities, and the viewership exceeds 80 million people. Such a rapid success of the channel with a management policy aimed at a youth audience. For example, Yu TV will premiere the 4th season of the largest and most popular reality show "Top Model in Russian" in the fashion industry. Recall that the shooting was carried out in Paris with the direct participation of top model Irina Shayk. Among the channel's new projects is "KinobloGG" by Valeria Gai Germanika, in which the odious film director will present cinema news. In the project "Temptations" Masha Malinovskaya will check couples in love for fidelity. In the new TV season, a lot of attention will be paid to magic and cooking. Gotta raise a degree positive emotions show "Happiness! Video version. In the "humor" section of the channel, the comedy show of its own production "Point Yu" will be presented. The Yu TV channel is aimed at those who strive always and in everything to have fun, who in any life situations resists routine. Modern humor, current series, trendy reality shows - such high-quality content will appeal to those who want to get the maximum amount of vivid emotions.

Yu TV- an entertaining youth Russian TV channel, which first went on the air at the frequency of Muz-TV in September 2012. At the moment, the Yu TV channel network has over 880 major cities, and the audience exceeds 80 million people.

Such a rapid success of the channel with a management policy aimed at a youth audience. For example, Yu TV will premiere the 4th season of the largest and most popular reality show "Top Model in Russian" in the fashion industry. Recall that the shooting was carried out in Paris with the direct participation of top model Irina Shayk. Among the channel's new projects is "KinobloGG" by Valeria Gai Germanika, in which the odious film director will present cinema news. In the Temptations project, Masha Malinovskaya will test couples in love for fidelity.

In the new TV season, a lot of attention will be paid to magic and cooking. Should increase the degree of positive emotions of the show “Happiness! Video version. In the "humor" section of the channel, the comedy show of its own production "Point Yu" will be presented.

The Yu TV channel is aimed at those who strive to always and in everything have fun, who resist routine in any life situations. Modern humor, current series, trendy reality shows - such high-quality content will appeal to those who want to get the maximum amount of vivid emotions.

1. "Listen, do not yawn" / Hearing the sound Y, put your hands down, the sound L - raise your hands up "

Y - L - 1

e, al, li, oh, I, le, pli, ol, ah, ul, may, gel, summer, iodine, mine, moth, stranded, give, pit, Lena.
2. "Remember, repeat" / say 3 - 5 times /

3. Speak / 5 - 7 times /, distinguishing the sounds Y and L:

1. "Listen, don't yawn"

Y - L - 2

berries, linden, palm, south, mine, salt, hodgepodge, go, clay, blue, swans, sneak, pour, drink, Lena.
2. "Remember, repeat" / 5 - 7 times /

3. Speak / 5-7 times /

4. The game "I - They" - Change the words according to the model, highlighting the sounds Y and L with your voice: What did you do yesterday? And vice versa: What am I doing?.

1. "Listen, do not yawn and show the letters"

Y - L - 3

cranberry, sings, fireworks, baby, funny, saws, washes, magic, knee, fairy, gives away, deer, cabin boy, tape, Gennady.

2. Speak / 5 7 times /

3. Come up with sentences with the words:
- hive- Bees live in The bee got stuck in the forest.

Dad made a ly for a bee.
- Aboit - ...
- beat - ...
- ii - ...

4. "From 1 to 5 / 7 / and back" - eka / zeena / y / watering can /

5. "Remember, repeat"

glue - ruler - lily
beehive - lei - linen
waist - sick - Ilya



1. Speak / 5 - 7 times /

sounds Y - L - 4

2. Ball game "I ..., you ..., he ..."
- to extract water from / zeyono / eki

3. "Remember, repeat"

spruce - leaves - cut out
alley - july - fun
let's go - pale - sable

4. Come up with sentences with the words:

- sawing off - ...
- watering - ...
- pours...
- went - ...
- went ...

1. Speak / 5 - 7 times /

sounds Y - L - 5

yogki / y / poen / ya /, kenovaya aey, yubimy nick, dinna ineka, kupenna b, stealing py

* If it is difficult for a child to pronounce words, then they are slapped by syllables.

2. "From 1 to 7 / 10 / and back" - long ruler, bought / th / / th /

3. "Finish the sentence"

- Cars from the garage ... /left/.
- Around the puddle of the car ... / drove around /.
- On the bridge of the car ... / drove /.
- From the bridge of the car ... / moved out /.
- To the house of the car ... / drove up /.
- In the garage of the car ... / drove /.

4. Learn

La Mila ate strawberries, while Melya ate strawberries.
- A warm bathrobe is not small.

1. Speak / 5 - 7 times /

sounds Y - L - 6

2. Form the words “What? Which? Which?"

3. Speak sentences
- I'm pouring water out of the eki. Ilya pours glue into a jar.
- Lilya and Yulia are carrying clothes behind the gate. Lily is watering a lily from a watering can.
- Julia and Ilya are walking along the alley.
4. Learn
I have an eka
Oh, what / y / eka,
Have you seen a new mo?
edyano water, talo water
I will fill and flowers
- What kind of water? - What kind of water is called "thawed"?

1. Listen to the story and answer the questions in full sentences.
Speak and retell the story / 3-5 times /
other name days
Etom have and byi name day. Gaia and Jenna were at the dinner party. They buy ya and tupans, evkoi and iii. For lunch, I, Gaia and Jenna and the saddle, kittens and beans. Pii children monad and cranberry compote. Then mom and dad and ride the kids in a new car. /Tkachenko T.A./
- Who had a birthday? - When was the name day?
- Who came to visit Yulia? - What did Yulia's friends buy?
What did the girls eat and drink for lunch? What did the girls do after dinner?

2. “Whose? Whose? Whose?"
U and tupans. Whose tulips are these? - These are tulips.
Gaia has. - Whose tree is this? - ...
Eka has an eka. - Whose watering can is this? - ...
Do you have anything. - ...
Lena has berries. - ...
Gaia has one. - ...