Astronauts are considered perhaps the most superstitious people on the planet. Traditionally, they take a sprig of wormwood with them on a flight, as it retains its smell longer than other plants and reminds of the Earth, and it is customary to escort the crew to the launch complex to the song "Earth in the window".

Black Mondays and Unlucky Dates

Start " cosmic superstitions"put the famous General Designer Sergei Korolev. It is authentically known that Korolev did not like starts on Mondays and always postponed the date if it fell on Monday. Why - it remained a big mystery. Nevertheless, Korolev defended his point of view at the very top, because of this, serious conflicts even flared up. Spaceships did not fly on Mondays in the Soviet Union - the first three years of the space era. Then they began to fly, which caused 11 accidents. Since 1965, Monday has been considered in Soviet, and now Russian cosmonautics almost the official "not starting" day.

There are also "unlucky dates" in Baikonur. The start is never scheduled for October 24th. On this day, no serious work is carried out at the launch pads at all. On October 24, 1960, an R-16 ICBM launch vehicle exploded at the Baikonur launch pad, killing dozens of people. On October 24, 1963, an R-9A rocket flared up on the launch pad. Eight people were burned.

Happy Operator

Another superstition of the famous designer was the "happy" operator, who always pressed the "start" button on command, Captain Smirnitsky. Not a single rocket launch was complete without Smirnitsky. Even when he had eczema, he still pressed the button, because Korolev believed that that person had a "light hand".

The same Korolev strictly forbade one of his designers to appear on the launch pad during launch (once some kind of trouble occurred during his duty) and personally made sure that he did not even show his nose.

autographs

Astronauts never sign autographs before their first flight. Some fundamentally avoid signing in black ink. However, the entire crew must sign on a bottle of vodka, which they drink already on the ground, in the Kazakh steppe, after a successful flight.

Cosmonauts are happy to leave autographs on the door of the hotel room, where they spend the night before the launch. It is strictly forbidden to paint over or wash off these autographs.

woman on board

They say that because of superstitions, they were afraid to send Valentina Tereshkova into space - everyone remembered the old sea sign about a woman on a ship. But the Soviet leadership did not differ in superstition. In 1963, on the eve of the international conference of women in Moscow, it was a woman who was supposed to fly into space.

Themselves with mustaches

Mustaches were not allowed into space for a long time. During the flight of the mustachioed Viktor Zholobov, there were problems, and the program had to be terminated ahead of schedule.

White Sun of the Desert.

Before launch, astronauts must watch "White Sun of the Desert".

Watching the "White Sun of the Desert" has become a tradition as a result of the training of previous filming crews. This film is used as a manual for training astronauts in filming. How to plan, how to work with the camera, how to set up scenes. The astronauts know this film "more than by heart".

Other astronaut oddities

Astronauts will never call the launch of any spacecraft "the last one": for example, "the last launch to the Mir station..." they will prefer to call it "extreme", "final". Also, astronauts never say goodbye to those who see them off.

At the cosmodrome in Plesetsk, before the launch of the launch vehicle, they always write "Tanya" on it. They say that this name was brought out on the first rocket by an officer in love with a certain Tanya. Once, when they forgot to print a happy name on the body, the rocket exploded before launch.

It is considered a rule for astronauts to pee on the wheel of the bus that takes them to launch pad. After that, the spacesuit is tightly fastened with it, and the next opportunity to relieve it will present itself only after a few hours already at open space. The ritual seems to have gone since the time of Yuri Gagarin and is still maintained. Others consider the founder of this tradition to be the general designer Sergei Korolev, who always irrigated the rocket before launch.

Finally, before the launch, the astronauts receive a friendly kick from the chief.

But Russian cosmonauts and rocket scientists have no special superstitions associated with the 13th. Of course, few people like this number, but we definitely don’t have a frenzy for “Friday the 13th”. But NASA does not like the 13th very much - there have already been unpleasant incidents. So, the famous lunar "Apollo-13" went to the earth's satellite on April 11, and on April 13 an explosion occurred on board the ship - one of the oxygen tanks exploded.

Yulia Khlopina, RIA Novosti.

Astronauts are considered perhaps the most superstitious people on the planet. According to tradition, they take a sprig of wormwood with them on a flight, as it retains its smell longer than other plants and reminds of the Earth, and it is customary to escort the crew to the launch complex to the song “Earth in the window”.

Black Mondays and Unlucky Dates
The beginning of "space superstitions" was laid by the famous General Designer Sergei Korolev. It is authentically known that Korolev did not like starts on Mondays and always postponed the date if it fell on a Monday. Why is still a big mystery. Nevertheless, Korolev defended his point of view at the very top, because of this, serious conflicts even flared up. Spaceships did not fly on Mondays in the Soviet Union - the first three years of the space age. Then they began to fly, there were 11 accidents. Since 1965, Monday has been considered in the Soviet, and now Russian cosmonautics, almost the official “non-starting” day.

There are also "unlucky dates" in Baikonur. The start is never scheduled for October 24th. On this day, no serious work is carried out at the launch pads at all. On October 24, 1960, an R-16 ICBM launch vehicle exploded at the Baikonur launch pad, killing dozens of people. On October 24, 1963, an R-9A rocket flared up on the launch pad. Eight people were burned.

Happy Operator
Another superstition of the famous designer was the “happy” operator, who always pressed the “start” button on command, Captain Smirnitsky. Not a single rocket launch was complete without Smirnitsky. Even when he had eczema, he still pressed the button, because Korolev believed that that person had a “light hand”.

The same Korolev strictly forbade one of his designers to appear on the launch pad during launch (once some kind of trouble occurred during his duty) and personally made sure that he did not even show his nose.

autographs
Astronauts never sign autographs before their first flight. Some fundamentally avoid signing in black ink. However, the entire crew must sign on a bottle of vodka, which they drink already on the ground, in the Kazakh steppe, after a successful flight.

Cosmonauts are happy to leave autographs on the door of the hotel room, where they spend the night before the launch. It is strictly forbidden to paint over or wash off these autographs.

Alcohol
You can “use” it for the first time - 12 days before the start, when the main and backup crews arrive at Baikonur for a “time in prison”. Double astronauts are required to pass 100 grams of pure industrial alcohol. The "main team" can only drink a sip of champagne - after approval by the state commission as part of the crew.

Half an hour before the launch, backup cosmonauts drink “for good luck” of the main team together with journalists. Only two times understudies did not take part in this tradition. The cases were unfortunate, and since then the half-hour tradition has been kept sacred. After returning from a flight, the cosmonauts plant their name tree on the alley of cosmonauts in Baikonur.

woman on board
They say that because of superstitions, they were afraid to send Valentina Tereshkova into space - everyone remembered the old sea sign about a woman on a ship. But the Soviet leadership did not differ in superstition. In 1963, on the eve of the international conference of women in Moscow, it was a woman who was supposed to fly into space.

Themselves with mustaches
Mustaches were not allowed into space for a long time. During the flight of the mustachioed Viktor Zholobov, there were problems, and the program had to be terminated ahead of schedule.

Other astronaut oddities
Together with the crew, a soft toy is sent into space, which not only plays the role of a talisman, but also helps the astronauts to catch the moment when the state of weightlessness sets in.

Astronauts will never call the launch of any spacecraft “the last one”: for example, “the last launch to the Mir station…” they will prefer to call it “extreme”, “final”. Also, astronauts never say goodbye to those who see them off.

Astronauts from the stairs before landing in the cabin of the spacecraft must wave goodbye.

At the cosmodrome in Plesetsk, before the launch of the launch vehicle, they always write “Tanya” on it. They say that this name was brought out on the first rocket by an officer in love with a certain Tanya. Once, when they forgot to print a happy name on the body, the rocket exploded before launch.

A day before the launch, it is customary to watch the film “White Sun of the Desert”, for more than 30 years all astronauts have been doing this. This is connected with a tragic page in the history of Russian cosmonautics: the death on June 30, 1971, during the return to Earth of the crew consisting of Dobrovolsky, Volkov and Patsaev. The next flight on the Soyuz-12 was successful, and the cosmonauts found out that before the flight the crew watched the film "White Sun of the Desert". The following crews also viewed this picture. After that, everyone flew into space without problems.

It is considered a rule for astronauts to pee on the wheel of the bus that takes them to the launch pad. After that, the spacesuit is tightly fastened to them, and the next opportunity to relieve will present itself only after a few hours already in outer space. The ritual seems to have gone since the time of Yuri Gagarin, who asked to stop the car in the Kazakh steppe on the way to Baikonur. Others consider the founder of this tradition to be the general designer Sergei Korolev, who always irrigated the rocket before launch.

Finally, before the launch, the astronauts receive a friendly kick from the chief.

Extracurricular activity: Intellectual game "Space Flight", dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the space of the first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin.

Designed by: Sh.D. Bisembekova

Class: 6th grade "B".

Lesson type: non-standard lesson - intellectual game.

The duration of the lesson is 45 minutes.

Target:

Formation of scientific outlook.

Development of cognitive motivation.

Tasks:

Improving intellectual skills, broadening the horizons, erudition of students; development of intelligence, thinking and speech, attention, intelligence, curiosity, creative abilities of students.

Education of mutual assistance and mutual assistance; ability to make decisions in unusual situation under limited time conditions.

Instilling Interestto the history of space exploration and exploration.

Continuation of the formation of a value attitude to the achievements of domestic science.

Computer techologies: Power Point program, multimedia tools

Used pedagogical technologies and methods: ICT: presentation of the course of the lesson, elements of health-saving technology. Methods security question, video method, explanatory and illustrative method.

PROGRESS OF THE EXTRA-CLASS ACTIVITY

I. Org. moment

Introductory speech of the teacher

Teacher:

Everyone knows the name of the first cosmonaut of our country, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. He turned 80 this year, but he is no longer with us. He still lives in our memory forever young and smiling! He is still the idol of millions, his smile is still inimitable, and the word "Let's go!" known throughout the world, as well as the date April 12, 1961.

I suggest you watch a unique video, in which, in particular, you can hear the last pre-flight negotiations between Gagarin and Korolev. “Dawn alone I wish you a good flight!” Which was followed by the famous phrase “Let's go!”.

I suggest watching a unique video.

b) Watching the video "You know what a guy he was!" (2-3 min)

Now we will do something exciting space trip. Our game is a kind of congratulations to you on this outstanding event.

Today, 2 ships will take off with two great crews on board. During the game, we will find out who knows the history of space exploration better. A lot will depend on your organization, attention, speed.

Dear participants, space experts! Before the game, we asked to choose 2 teams, the name of which we came up with ourselves, these are the teams: “Cedar” and “Seagull”.

The rules of the game are simple: on the presentation slide, the team captain chooses the number of the letter with the question, and the team gives an answer to it exactly after 20 seconds of discussion. Teams get the right to question in turn. After discussion, either the team captain or a player who is confident in the correctness of his answer has the right to answer. If the answer is incorrect, then the opposing team that raised their hand first gets the right to earn a point. The team with the most points wins. Are the rules of the game clear to the connoisseurs? Follow the course of today's game will be (jury presentation).

II . So we start the game. The first question chooses team …

Questions:

Story:

10. How long did the first space flight last?(108 minutes.)

20. Name an outstanding rocket designer whose name is associated with our first victories in space exploration?(Academician S.P. Korolev.)

30. Which of the scientists of our country is the founder of astronautics?

(K.E. Tsiolkovsky.)

40. Namethe name of the scientist who invented the telescope.
(Galileo)

50. What date was the beginning of the space age?(October 4, 1957).

10. Name the scientist-inventor of the space rocket. (K.E. Tsiolkovsky)

20. How many times has T. Musabayev been in space? (3 times: 1994, 1998, 2001).

30. What does the name "Baikonur" mean? (translated from the Kazakh language "Baykonyr" - a rich valley).
40. Who first suggested that the earth was a sphere? (Aristotle )

50. Cosmonautics theorist K.E. Tsiolkovsky was by profession ... (teacher)

Space:

10. A group of stars is called ...(Constellation )

20. What color are the coldest stars? (red)

30. Planet Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old? (Yes)

40. How many planets are there solar system? (8)

50. What stars does our Sun belong to?(Yellow dwarf.)

10. What does the word “cosmonautics” mean (Navigation)

20. How many satellites does the earth have?(One )
30. In the name of which planet is the note hidden? Draw it on the musical staff.
(The note is hidden in the name of our planet: Earth.)

40. What does the word “cosmos” mean in Greek? (Order, Universe)

50. Name the brightest (after the Sun) star in our sky. (Sirius)

Astronauts:

10. Who was in space before man and what were the names of the first messengers?(Dogs: Laika, Squirrel, Arrow, Bee, Fly, Asterisk, Nigella, Coal, Wind - 9.)

20. Which of the female astronauts in 1963 first went into space?(Valentina Tereshkova.)

30. Which of the astronauts was the first to go into outer space?(Alexey Leonov March 18, 1965)

40. What was the call sign of cosmonaut V. Tereshkova? (Gull )

50. Astronauts have customs. This is how Russian cosmonauts watch a movie before taking off into space. ("White Sun of the Desert" )

10. Date of flight into space by T. Aubakirova. (October 2, 1991)

20. Who was the first cosmonaut - a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan? (Talgat Mussabaev).

20. Which Russian cosmonaut took the first photograph of the Earth (German Titov)
30. Musical question. The song “Do you know what kind of guy he was” sounds. What is the name of the married couple of the poet and composer who are the authors of this song? (Poet - Nikolai Dobronravov and composer - Alexandra Pakhmutova.)

40. Who was the first space tourist?(American businessman Dennis Tito)

50. Each cosmonaut had his own radio call signs for communication with the Earth.

A beautiful, sonorous, well-pronounced word is used as a call sign. Guess which of the astronauts owned the following call signs:

1) Yuri Gagarin 1) Seagull

2) German Titov 2) Cedar

3) Alexey Leonov 3) Eagle

4) Valentina Tereshkova 4) Almaz-2

Answer:

Yuri Gagarin - Cedar

Valentina Tereshkova - Seagull

Alexey Leonov - Almaz-2

German Titov - Eagle.

50 .Who was the first to go into outer space?Answer: Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov.

Spaceships:

10. What was the name of the ship on which Yuri Gagarin made the first flight into space on April 12, 1961? ("East")

20. Where are food stored in spaceships?(In tubes.)

30. Can an astronaut use dumbbells for physical exercises?(No, because they lose weight.)

40. What day do Russian cosmonauts, according to superstition alone, do not take off as a starting day? (Monday )

50. What is the name of the clothing that is necessary for going into space?(Spacesuit.)

20 . What kind of pilot spaceship was V. Tereshkova ("The Seagull")

30. According to established traditions, it is customary to see off the crew of the spacecraft to the launch complex to the song ... (Grass near the house)

40. What was the name of the Soviet reusable spacecraft?

(Buran)

50. What is the name of the Russian manned spacecraft that launched on April 5, 2011 from the Baikonur cosmodrome? (Gagarin)

Gagarin:

10. What did Yu.A. Gagarin at the launch of his ship? (Go!)

20. Yu.A. Gagarin was called ... (East)

30. What was the inscription on the helmet of Yu.A. Gagarin? (THE USSR)

40. What was the first profession of Yu.A. Gagarin? (Shaper-caster)

50. What variety of flowers is called "Gagarin's Smile"?(gladiolus )

10. What is the anniversary of Yu.A. Gagarin celebrated in 2014? (80th anniversary)

20. What is the coniferous call sign of Yu.A. Gagarin? (Cedar)

30. How many revolutions around the Earth did Yu.A. Gagarin? (one)

40. Yu. A. Gagarin flew into space as a senior lieutenant, and returned ...

( major )

50. How long was Yu. A. Gagarin in space? (108 minutes)

III . Journey into space

Our game has come to an end. The connoisseurs behaved with dignity today, gave the correct answers and successfully coped with all the tasks of their amazing friends. Well done! And now let's make a flight into space, the Universe.

Watching a video from the American telescope "Hubble", which is called "Beyond the Universe" ...

IY .Summing up the game.

(After watching the video)

Here we are on Earth. Thank you all for participating! Is everyone feeling well?

Let's sum up the game and find out the winners.

Winners are awarded : all team players, the best player.

We were pleased to communicate with intellectuals of the 6th grade "B"!

You, who are 12-13 years old today, will soon have to determine your life choices. It would be nice if this choice became cosmic!

I wish you all new victories!

Strange as it may seem, but astronautics is an area where the most complex and Newest technologies- is also a sphere associated with a mass of strict traditions and even superstitions. Everyone who goes into space must perform a lot of complex rituals, otherwise the flight will turn into a disaster. Charms, songs and worship of the spirit of Gagarin - all this is included in the indispensable set of actions that the future cosmonaut must perform.

Edition PM

Evil fate: the explosion of the R-16 rocket on October 24, 1960 led to the death of 72 people (according to official data)

The most important thing: to irrigate the right rear wheel of the bus

The best patron of crews is the spirit of the first astronaut

Dobrovolsky, Volkov, Patsaev: evil fate and the death of the crew of the Soyuz-11 spacecraft caused the appearance of a mass of superstitions

There is a superstition at the Plesetsk cosmodrome: before launch, write on the rocket female name Tanya

However, if you think about it, all this is not so unexpected: the laws of psychology are almost as immutable as the physical principles. So, it is known that superstitions are especially great in those areas of activity where a person experiences especially high level stress - for example, speaking in public or working at risk to life. There is plenty of the latter even in modern astronautics: out of 483 people who, according to official data, have been in space, 18 have died. The mortality rate, therefore, is 3.74% - this makes astronautics one of the most dangerous professions in the world. For example, the death rate among the US military during the war in Iraq (2003-2006) was 0.39%, and in Vietnam (1966-1972) - 2.18%.

Given this danger, it is not surprising that astronauts feel calmer and psychologically more comfortable, actively "protecting themselves" from mortal danger with the help of all kinds of rituals, talismans and amulets. This is a natural need of our psyche - in case of danger, turn to the force "capable" of deflecting the blows of fate.

Another reason for the active spread of superstitions and rituals is what is called "corporate spirit." Astronauts, of course, belong to an elite closed professional group and, therefore, psychologically need signs and symbols that would separate them from other "mortals" and distinguish them from them. This function is partly taken over by the joint performance of seemingly meaningless rituals. Their members strengthen the internal cohesion of the team, emphasizing their uniqueness.

The most interesting (and the most numerous) superstitions exist in Russian astronautics. Some of them already belong to our days, some originate from the Soviet era and the first manned flights into space, and some are even based on very old Orthodox views.

On board orbital station the team is also traditionally greeted with bread and salt. Well, upon returning to Earth, the crew again performs a lot of rituals: they sign on the soot-covered shell of the descent capsule and inside the cabin of the helicopter that picked them up. A specially prepared bottle of vodka is also drunk, on which all members of the crew signed before the start. On the same alley in Baikonur, they are already planting their own tree, which will weave their voices to help the next crews. And it all ends again Star City, paying tribute to Yuri Gagarin, who provided travelers with such significant support.

and superstitions are part of our history and society culture. This is the natural need of our psyche - to turn to supernatural forces in case of danger. Sometimes they really help a person to believe in the best and avoid trouble. Astronauts are no exception.

The beginning of space superstitions was laid by the famous designer Gennady Korolev. Some of them are a thing of the past, while others still exist today. Here are some of them.

Astronaut superstitions

1. Fear of the number 13

"" Houston, we have a problem. " Who does not know the famous phrase from the film Ron Howard. In fact, the phrase sounded like this: "Houston, we had a problem here." On April 11, 1970, the Apollo 13 spacecraft was successfully launched. flight was the landing of people on the surface of the moon and carrying out scientific research. However, this expedition has become one of the most dramatic and heroic pages in the history of world cosmonautics.

Already at the 6th minute, troubles began: the central engine of the second stage turned off ahead of time. But the flight was not interrupted. And on April 13 (just a mystical coincidence), a much more serious accident occurred - cylinder number 2 with liquid oxygen exploded in the service module. But despite this, the astronauts survived and returned. Since then, NASA has not liked the number 13.

Russian cosmonauts have no special superstitions about the number 13.

2. Before starting

What to do the day before the start? There is a sign. Russian cosmonauts are watching a movie. But not any. "White Sun of the Desert". This is connected with the tragedy of June 30, 1972, when the crew consisting of Dobrovolsky, Volkov and Patsaev died. The next flight two years later was successful. And it turned out that before the flight the crew watched this film.

American astronauts play poker or blackjack until the commander loses.

Traditions of astronauts

3. Pee on bus tires

This tradition goes back to Yuri Gagarin. On the way to the launch pad, he asked the bus driver to stop, got out of the car and urinated on the rear right wheel. In 1961, this made sense: the world's first astronaut did not want droplets of urine floating inside his capsule in zero gravity. Today there is no need for this, but the tradition has remained. Women astronauts often take a bottle of urine with them to also keep the tradition.

4. On launch day

On launch day, astronauts eat scrambled eggs and steak for breakfast. After that, a pie is brought to them, but all crew members must refuse.

Russian cosmonauts have breakfast with champagne, leaving the hotel leave their autograph on the door and get on the bus to the song "Grass near the house".

5. Talismans

The tradition of taking a talisman with you on a flight and tying it to the control panel is a Russian tradition. But it also has a very practical meaning: when the toy begins to float in the air, the engineers in the Control Center see that a state of weightlessness has come. So the launch was successful.

Some US missions also use mascots. For example, the Apollo 10 mission used Peanuts characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy as their official mascots.