Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd
Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd (10/8/1769, Vyborg - 1/24/1858, St. Petersburg), major general (10/8/1800). In 1785 he was enrolled as a sergeant in the Bombardier Regiment. From the end of 1787 he was listed as his father's adjutant. He began his service on July 24, 1791 as the captain of the 2nd bombardment battalion. In 1798 he was transferred to colonel in the Life Guards artillery battalion. From 8.10.1800 chief of the 1st artillery regiment. In 1803 he retired. In 1807 he returned to the service, the chief of the Vilmastrand infantry regiment and the brigade commander of the 17th infantry division (Belozersky and Vilmastrand regiments). IN Patriotic war fought in the ranks of the 2nd Infantry Corps. 7(19) Aug. near the village of Valutina Gora with 3 thousand. a detachment for 10-15 hours detained the corps of Marshal M. Ney, which was pursuing the Russian troops. At about 4 p.m., he retreated beyond the river. Strogan, but then, having received the division of P.P. Konovni-tsyn resumed the fight. He personally led the bayonet attack of the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment, was seriously wounded and captured. His troops lost approx. 6 thousand people, while the enemy 8-9 thousand. 13 (25) Aug. presented to Napoleon, who, admiring the courage of T., returned his sword to him. Was a prisoner in France, released in the spring of 1814. In 1815 he returned to active army and was given command of the 8th Infantry Division. In 1819 he retired. In Aug. 1826 entered the civil service with the rank of Privy Councilor and was appointed chairman of the Moscow Board of Trustees of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. From 11/12/1828 senator, from 1838 member of the State Council. From 1839 he headed the Commission of Petitions. In 1840 he was promoted to active privy councilor.
His brothers:
Tuchkov 1st, Nikolai Alekseevich(1761-1812), lieutenant general
Tuchkov 2nd, Sergey Alekseevich(1767-1839), lieutenant general
Tuchkov 4th Alexander Alekseevich(1777-1812), major general.
100 great heroes of 1812 [with illustrations] Alexey Shishov
Major General Tuchkov 3rd Pavel Alekseevich (1775 or 1776–1858)
Major General Tuchkov 3rd Pavel Alekseevich
(1775 or 1776–1858)
The youth of Pavel Tuchkov is similar to similar lines in the biographies of his brothers, the heroes of Borodin. At the age of nine he was enrolled as a sergeant in the Bombardier Regiment. From the end of 1787, he was listed as an adjutant at the headquarters of his father, an engineer-lieutenant-general, but in reality he continued to receive an education at home.
Valid army service 15-year-old Tuchkov 3rd began in July 1791: he was enlisted as a captain in the 2nd bombardment battalion. Without a doubt, such an appointment took place under the patronage of his father: Tuchkov Sr. wanted to see his sons as artillerymen.
Paul I, who reigned for a short historical period, favored the Tuchkovs. In 1798, Pavel Tuchkov was transferred to the Life Guards Artillery Battalion and at the age of twenty he complained of the rank of colonel.
P.A. Tuchkov. Artist J. Doe
In October 1810, he was already a major general with the appointment of the chief of the 1st Artillery Regiment (that remained only ten months). In June 1803 he received patronage of the 9th artillery regiment. And five months later he resigns. family circumstances("by request").
Major General P.A. Tuchkov returned to service in March 1807, no longer as an artilleryman: Emperor Alexander I favorably appointed him chief of the Wilmanstrand Musketeer Regiment and commander of the 1st Brigade of the 17th Infantry Division, which was being formed in Tver.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809 became a baptism of fire for a man in general's epaulettes. Pavel Tuchkov passed the exam for combat maturity with dignity. He commanded a cover detachment (then an infantry brigade), drove the Swedes out of a fortified position near the village of Kuskoske, occupied Tavastgus, cleared the Kamito-Stremsky Strait from the enemy for the unhindered passage of the Russian rowing flotilla, captured Sando Island, repelled an enemy landing on Kimito Island, capturing part of it. Then he participated in the pursuit of the retreating royal troops to Uleaborg and on an expedition to the Aland Islands.
In all these military affairs, as if in the “side”, there is a “special case” on the island of Kimito. There, the Swedes, unexpectedly landing troops, tried to capture the commander-in-chief of the active army, Count Buxgevden, and the duty general of the army headquarters, P.P. Konovnitsyn.
The award to Pavel Alekseevich for military affairs in 1808 was immediately the Order of St. Anna of the highest, 1st degree with a crown. The award was granted "for courage and diligence" in the war with Sweden, which gave him fame as a military leader.
When the peace treaty was signed, the infantry brigade of Major General Tuchkov participated in the construction of the Dinaburg fortress until the end of 1811. It was erected on the right elevated bank of the Western Dvina River at the confluence of the Shunitsa River in the Vitebsk province. Only in 1810, 5 regiments, 6 reserve and one garrison battalions, 2 pioneer (sapper) companies and 200 artillery horses with wagons were employed in earthworks only in 1810.
After the installation of 85 different-caliber guns (cannons, unicorns and mortars) delivered from Riga, Revel and Kronstadt, the Dinaburg fortress received the status of a 1st class fortress. The sovereign was pleased with the progress of the work, as well as their performers.
From July 1, 1812, P.A. Tuchkov 3rd commanded a brigade of the 17th Infantry Division of General Olsufiev of the 3rd 2nd Army Corps of General Baggovud. The brigade consisted of the Wilmanstrand and Brest infantry regiments (4 battalions).
From the beginning of the Napoleonic invasion great army within Russia, the regiments of Tuchkov 3rd had to participate in the most different cases. They defended the bridge across the Viliya River near the town of Orzhishki, destroyed food and fodder stocks in warehouses in Koltynyany, Sventsyansky district, Vilna province, and covered the withdrawal of the 1st Western Army from the Drissa camp.
All the way from the state border to Smolensk, Major General P.A. Tuchkov had to act in the rearguard. With this task, he and his brigade coped very successfully, although the pursuers tried their best to cut off and exterminate at least part of the Russian rearguard troops.
On August 7, the rearguard detachment of Tuchkov on the 3rd, having blocked the Moscow road at Valutina Gora, fought a stubborn battle with the French for eight hours. Of these, four hours were spent covering the withdrawal of the 1st Western Army across the Dnieper. The rearguard had to fight first with the main forces of the corps of Marshal Ney, and then with the vanguards of Marshals Murat and Junot who approached the battlefield.
In the evening, when it was already getting dark, Tuchkov personally led the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment in a counterattack. However, a bullet hit the horse's neck, causing it to rise on its hind legs and fall to the ground. The general, who managed to jump off his horse, stood up with a gun at the head of the counterattacking column and led the grenadiers forward. In the ensuing hand-to-hand fight, he received a bayonet wound in the right side, and then he was struck several saber blows to the head.
The bleeding general was taken prisoner by the French. He was introduced to the King of Naples, Marshal Joham Murat. The French officer Etienne, who delivered the "noble" prisoner, was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor. Then Pavel Alekseevich was introduced to Napoleon himself: the captive politely but decisively refused to write a letter to his sovereign. In parting, the French emperor said to Tuchkov:
“Your captivity cannot dishonor you ... As you were taken prisoner, they take only those who are in front, but not those who remain behind.”
After an hour-long conversation with Bonaparte, the wounded Russian general was sent under escort in a road carriage to France, where he was kept in the cities of Metz, Soissons and Rennes. Already on the road, he learned about the death of his brothers - Alexander and Nikolai. Nothing is known about his life in captivity.
The situation in Tuchkov's captivity was undoubtedly influenced by the fact that Barclay de Tolly, having learned about what had happened, immediately sent an officer to the enemy camp as a truce in order to find out the fate of the captured general.
Tuchkov III was released from captivity in the spring of 1814. Emperor Alexander I "at the meeting treated the old warrior kindly and immediately granted him (six months) leave." In 1815, he already commanded the 8th Infantry Division, participated in the 2nd campaign of the Russian army in France. Four years later, he retired "with a uniform due to illness."
Having ascended the throne, Emperor Nicholas I returned P.A. Tuchkov for service. On the day of his coronation, he granted combat general rank of Privy Councilor and appointed honorary guardian of the Moscow Board of Trustees.
In 1828, Pavel Alekseevich became a senator, in 1838 - a member of the State Council, the next year - chairman of the Commission of petitions submitted to the highest name, and manager of the Moscow Treasury. In 1840 he was promoted to actual Privy Councilor. In addition to the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree, the hero of the Patriotic War had the Orders of St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. Vladimir 1st degree, St. George 4th degree, the White Eagle and St. John of Jerusalem.
Major general and active Privy Councilor P.A. Tuchkov was buried with military honors at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg. He left behind memoirs "My memories of 1812".
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Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd
Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd (10/8/1769, Vyborg - 1/24/1858, St. Petersburg), major general (10/8/1800). In 1785 he was enrolled as a sergeant in the Bombardier Regiment. From the end of 1787 he was listed as his father's adjutant. He began his service on July 24, 1791 as the captain of the 2nd bombardment battalion. In 1798 he was transferred to colonel in the Life Guards artillery battalion. From 8.10.1800 chief of the 1st artillery regiment. In 1803 he retired. In 1807 he returned to the service, the chief of the Vilmastrand infantry regiment and the brigade commander of the 17th infantry division (Belozersky and Vilmastrand regiments). During World War II he fought in the ranks of the 2nd Infantry Corps. 7(19) Aug. near the village of Valutina Gora with 3 thousand. a detachment for 10-15 hours detained the corps of Marshal M. Ney, which was pursuing the Russian troops. At about 4 p.m., he retreated beyond the river. Strogan, but then, having received the division of P.P. Konovni-tsyn resumed the fight. He personally led the bayonet attack of the Yekaterinoslav Grenadier Regiment, was seriously wounded and captured. His troops lost approx. 6 thousand people, while the enemy 8-9 thousand. 13 (25) Aug. presented to Napoleon, who, admiring the courage of T., returned his sword to him. He was a prisoner in France, released in the spring of 1814. In 1815 he returned to the army and was given command of the 8th Infantry Division. In 1819 he retired. In Aug. 1826 entered the civil service with the rank of Privy Councilor and was appointed chairman of the Moscow Board of Trustees of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. From 11/12/1828 senator, from 1838 member of the State Council. From 1839 he headed the Commission of Petitions. In 1840 he was promoted to active privy councilor.
His brothers:
Tuchkov 1st, Nikolai Alekseevich (1761-1812), lieutenant general
Tuchkov 2nd, Sergey Alekseevich (1767-1839), lieutenant general
, Alexander Tuchkov.
Already at the age of 9 he was enrolled in the Bombardier Regiment with the rank of sergeant. At the end of 1787, he became an adjutant at the headquarters of his own father, who served in the rank of engineer-lieutenant general and was commander of all the fortresses on the Russian-Swedish border.
He entered active military service with the 2nd bombardment battalion on 24 July 1791 with the rank of captain. By direct order of Paul I, in 1798, the Artillery Battalion was transferred to serve in the Life Guards, receiving the rank of colonel; On October 8, 1800, he was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the 1st Artillery Regiment. He remained in this position until August 27, 1801; June 18, 1803 became chief of the 9th Artillery Regiment.
In the period from November 6, 1803 to March 11, 1807, he was retired from military service for family reasons; March 11, 1807 he returned to active duty as chief of the Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment, which from August 16, 1806 to February 22, 1811 had the status of a musketeer. He participated in the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809: he commanded a separate cover detachment, at the head of which he captured the enemy’s fortified position near the Finnish village of Kuskose, cleared the Kamito-Stremsky Strait, thereby ensuring the successful passage of the Russian flotilla through it, occupied the islands of Sando and Chimita, having captured the last Swedish landing, pursued the enemy to Uleaborg, occupied the Aland Islands (Aland).
After the end of the war, the Tuchkov brigade, until the end of 1811, was engaged in the construction of the Dinaburg fortress. In early 1812 she became part of the 2nd Infantry Corps.; On July 1, 1812, Tuchkov became commander of the 2nd brigade of the 17th Infantry Division (Belozersky and Vilmanstrand regiments).
On February 10, 1829, he was appointed manager of the Moscow Treasury and, additionally, on February 26, manager of the Sheremetyevsky invalid home.
01/28/1832 - Was appointed acting. first present in the 2nd division of the 6th department of the Senate on January 28, 1832 (approved in office only on December 3, 1837).
In 1838 he became a member of the Council of State and on January 27, 1839, he assumed the position of chairman of the Commission of petitions filed in the name of the monarch and held this position until January 1, 1858. At the same time, from January 1845, he was a member of the Main Council of Women's educational institutions, and from October 28, 1846 - a member of the Special Committee to consider the arrangement of the salt part in Russia.
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