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This collection contains exercises for writing elements on pages in a cage according to the sample.
The game plot and poems will interest the child, and finger gymnastics not only turns the task into a game, but also helps to prepare the small muscles of the hand for writing elements and shading.

To prevent a violation of posture, the baby needs to sit correctly during the lesson: the body is free, the back is straight, the legs are straight on the floor, the hands are on the table to the elbow, between the chest and the edge of the table - 3-4 cm. The distance from the eyes to the notebook is 30 cm Place the notebook on the table with tilts to the left at an angle of 25 degrees, the bottom corner of the page is opposite the middle of the child's chest. The light source is on the left.
Try not to overwork your child. the duration of the lesson should not exceed 10 minutes, drawing lines - 5-6 minutes.
Teach your child not to go beyond the boundaries of the rulers, to evenly place the elements in the lines. Elements for drawing and hatching gradually become more complex, so try not to break the sequence of pages.

It is better for a child to write not with a pen, but with a soft, simple pencil. Children get frustrated if they can't do a task beautifully. And the pencil can be erased with an eraser and correct an unsuccessful line. You can buy stationery in the online store.

Encourage the baby, rejoice in every success, then he will work stably and accurately.

We advise you to perform each finger gymnastics exercise several times in turn with both hands. It is advisable to combine two or three exercises into a small complex (remember the previous ones or those that you liked the most). You can perform them both before the start of the lesson, and in the middle or at the end of the lesson, taking into account the desire of the child and his condition.

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Fun activities for preschoolers

graphic dictations.

Cell drawing- very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way for a child to develop. spatial imagination, fine motor skills fingers, perseverance.

Graphic dictations help develop attention, the ability to listen to the teacher, orientation in space. They will also prepare the child's hand for writing. Teach your child to be more attentive. This is a great way to develop logic, abstract thinking, diligence. With the help of these activities, the child develops, corrects the correctness of his movements, “fills a firm hand”, this skill will help him at school. Graphic dictations can be successfully applied from the age of five.

What are graphic dictations? Graphic dictations are drawing by cells, using pointers in the task. To complete them, we need: a sheet of paper on which cells are drawn, a pencil, an eraser. The tasks contain arrows (showing the direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the specified direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction for the right distance, it turns out - a picture. It can be an animal, various objects, vegetables, fruits, trees, vehicles and much more.

Cell drawing – good way teach your child to use a pencil and a pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that the fingers are not so tired of holding the subject at school. This exercise will help teach the baby to count correctly, here you will need to count the cells in order to draw a line to get a picture.

I practice graphic dictations under dictation, both with the whole group of children, and in individual lessons with kids. Children love this kind of exercise. Also, children with great pleasure draw themselves on lined sheets with tasks.

How to perform a graphic dictation

(Rules for drawing by cells).

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:

1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric pattern and asked to repeat exactly the same pattern in a squared notebook.

2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down, the child performs the work by ear, and then compares his image of an ornament or figure with a sample in the manual using the overlay method.

When offering such tasks to children, the educator must observe certain rules. la:

When the teacher begins to dictate, he cannot pronounce any other words. And even more so to repeat the same direction twice.

Dictations are written in complete silence.

If the child is confused, then he quietly puts the pencil down and calmly waits until the teacher finishes dictating. Only then can you find out the error.

I start my acquaintance with the cell from the middle group.

I start work with the simplest - I write tasks in a notebook with a large cell, the child must continue the series. Learning to see a cell and a line. We write sticks, cells, corners, simple patterns, each time complicating the tasks. We first divide the patterns into segments - we train, then all the particles are assembled into a pattern.

The tasks use the following notation: the number of cells to be counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow.

Before you start writing a graphic dictation, you should explain to the children how the dictation will be conducted. First, we talk with the children that I will dictate to them how many cells you need to draw lines and in what direction. And they will draw these lines through the cells without lifting the pencil from the paper, and then together we will see what happens. Set the kids up so that they try to keep the lines even and beautiful, then the drawing will turn out wonderful.

For the first time, you can draw on the board with the children so that they can see how they need to work, and the children will be able to perform subsequent dictations without prompting. Before the dictation, you need to repeat where the right and left hands are, how to draw a line to the right and left. You can agree with the children about any marks (draw the letters “p” and “l” on the board, make marks on the walls, or stipulate that, for example: the right hand points to the window, and the left to the bedroom, etc.)

Then we move on to drawing from dictation.

To begin with, on a sheet with a dictation, in the upper corners, you need to mark - right and left. We give the child a notebook sheet in a cage, a pencil and an eraser.

In the older groups, at the top of the picture, we always indicate how many cells need to step back from the edge and top in order to start the dictation. In the indicated place, for example: retreat 5 cells from the edge to the left, count 6 cells from above. At this point, you need to put a point. children younger age it is better to count the cells yourself and set a starting point (from this point the child will draw lines under dictation).

It is better to start with the simplest: - one cell up (1, one cell to the right (1, one cell down (1), one cell to the left (1). It turned out to be a square.

You need to dictate clearly, the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how the figures of the children coincide with the given elements. Consider a sample. If the baby is wrong, find out together exactly where. The eraser can be wiped from the point of failure, and continue. The main thing is to support the child, to praise, if something does not work out, you can offer to redraw the picture from the original.

Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is the right, where is the left, where is the top, where is the bottom. Pay attention to the baby that each person has a right and left side. Explain that the hand he eats, paints, and writes with is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, left-handers must be explained that there are people for whom the working hand is right, and there are people for whom the working hand is left.

This activity includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Classes with a child can be built in a different sequence.

Application:

Orientation technique on a sheet of paper - Magic leaves

Author: Emelyanova Sirina Raisovna Place of work educator MBDOU No. 10 "Constellation" ZMR RT Republic of Tatarstan, Zelenodolsk
Target: to develop visual-spatial orientation in children, to form elementary mathematical representations.
Hello, Dear colleagues!
Today I want to introduce you with the method of orientation on a sheet of paper, which is essential for the development of visual-spatial representations in children.
In my work, I use a file technique, which I called "Magic Leaves". Here are two types of A4 leaflets, which are lined one by 1.5 cm, the second by 2 cm. squares need to be drawn with a felt-tip pen.

The technique consists of several stages.
1. Getting to know the sheet.
It begins with an introduction to a simple white sheet, which can be done starting with the middle group.
-What is this? Paper
-What shape is it? Rectangular
This side is at the top and is called the top.
This side is at the bottom and is called the bottom side.
This side is on the right and is called the right side.
This side is on the left and is called the left side.
This corner is at the top left and is called the top left.
This corner is at the top right and is called top right, and so on.
At this point I am using fairy tale game- leaf travel - "Magic Leaf" Once upon a time there was a Liszt and five pencils. They decided one day to play together and the pencils went on a journey across the sheet. The yellow pencil went first, he found the top side and drew a yellow line. The red pencil went second, he found the bottom side and drew a red line. I drew a green pencil on the right side, and a blue one on the left. A black pencil remained in the center of the sheet; he built a house there. They decided to divide the corners equally, and drew them in two colors. All the pencils in the house gathered and began to think how else to play with them. Thought and thought, and decided to play catch up. A yellow line was drawn at the top, and a yellow pencil ran up, a red pencil ran down, a green pencil ran to the right, and a blue pencil ran to the left. Then, to make it not boring, two pencils ran: in the upper right corner - yellow and green ran; in the upper left - yellow and blue; in the lower right - green and red; and in the lower left - blue and red. And the black pencil could not catch them. During the game, children understand that this is not just a sheet, but it is colored, and you can play with it. They visually designate each side, and understand that the sheet has landmarks: top, bottom, right side, left side, the center of the sheet is the middle.

2. Acquaintance with the cell.
In the beginning, we use a larger cell, and then move on to the smaller ones. In order for the child to learn to see the boundaries of the cell, you must first circle the cells one at a time, and then you can complicate the task. We circle the cells through one to the end of the page - this is a line. We circle the cells through one down to the end of the page - this is a column.

3. Drawing in cells.
At this stage, children are given tasks to fix the orientation on the sheet. For example, find the upper left corner and draw a triangle there. Find the upper right one and draw a circle there, find the lower left one and draw a square there, and in the lower right one an asterisk. You can also fix colors and score: find the top left cell and draw a blue circle in it, step back down 4 cells and draw a yellow triangle, step back to the right 3 cells and draw a green square, step back down 5 cells and draw a red square, step back to the right from the green square by 7 cells and draw a black circle, step back from the black circle 3 cells down and draw a blue triangle, etc. Tasks and colors can be any.

4. After the child has mastered the orientation on the sheet, the Drawing by cells "Do it like this." The child is offered a sample of the drawing and asked to repeat exactly the same drawing.
Drawing by cells is a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a baby's spatial imagination, fine motor skills of fingers, coordination of movements, perseverance, and the formation of elementary mathematical concepts. Children reinforce concepts such as left, right, down - up.

5. "Finish the second half." Children are offered a sample with one half of the drawing ready, and it is necessary to finish the drawing by completing the second part. The child circles the finished side of the drawing and finishes the opposite.

6. Then the children are offered "Mathematical Dictation". An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child performs the work by ear.
The duration of one lesson with graphic dictations should not exceed 15-20 minutes. But if the child is carried away, do not stop him and interrupt the lesson. By completing tasks, the child will broaden his horizons, increase lexicon, learn to navigate on a sheet and in a notebook, get acquainted with different ways images of objects, dictations can be successfully used for children from 5 years old. Mathematical dictations contribute to the development of short-term memory. Targets within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard assume that the child has the ability to volitional efforts and the ability to hear and follow consistent instructions at graduation to school, and dictations are great for this.

7. "Continue line." In this game, the child has the beginning of a row with an image on a piece of paper, and he needs to continue the row to the end. At first
the child is offered the simplest images, and then they become more complicated: several colors are introduced, several elements, the upper and lower images, elements that need to be completed without taking your hands off the sheet. Etc. You can complicate and conduct a lesson for a while using an hourglass. Then the child himself checks how much he did right and develops self-control.

These games have a unique educational effect, which contribute to the development of memory, speech, imagination; development of orientation skills on a sheet and in a notebook; form elementary mathematical representations, perseverance and patience.
Thank you for your attention!!!

Graphic dictations
(Drawing by cells)

School enrollment - important point in the life of the child and his parents. How better baby will be prepared for school psychologically, emotionally and intellectually, the more confident he will feel, the easier he will have an adaptation period in elementary school.

Graphic dictations or drawing by cells for preschoolers well help parents and teachers to systematically prepare the child for school and prevent such typical learning difficulties as underdevelopment of spelling vigilance, restlessness and absent-mindedness. Regular classes with these graphic dictations develop the child's voluntary attention, spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, coordination of movements, and perseverance.

Drawing by cells is a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a baby's spatial imagination, fine motor skills of fingers, coordination of movements, perseverance. Graphic dictations can be successfully used for children from 5 to 10 years old.

Performing the tasks proposed in the tasks below - graphic dictations, the child will broaden his horizons, increase his vocabulary, learn to navigate in a notebook, and get acquainted with different ways of depicting objects.

How to work with these graphic dictations:

In each dictation, tasks are given for children 5-7 years old.

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:
1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric pattern and asked to repeat exactly the same pattern in a squared notebook.
2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child performs the work by ear, and then compares his image of an ornament or figure with a sample in the manual using the overlay method.

Graphic dictations are supplemented with riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. In the course of the lesson, the child develops correct, clear and competent speech, develops fine motor skills of the hands, learns to highlight the distinctive features of objects, replenishes his vocabulary.

Tasks are selected according to the principle "from simple to complex". If you begin to study these graphic dictations with your child, complete the tasks with him in order: start with the very first simple dictations and gradually move on to more complex ones.

For classes, you need a checkered notebook, a simple pencil and an eraser so that the child can always correct the wrong line. For children 5 - 6 years old, it is better to use a notebook with a large cage (0.8 mm) so as not to strain your eyesight. Starting with graphic dictation No. 40, all drawings are designed for an ordinary school notebook (they will not fit in a notebook in a large cage).

The tasks use the following notation: the number of cells to be counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow. For example, the entry:

During classes, the mood of the child and the friendly attitude of the adult are very important. Remember that classes for a child are not an exam, but a game. Help the baby, make sure that he does not make mistakes. The result of the work should always satisfy the child, so that he wants to draw in cells again and again.

Your job is to help your child game form acquire the skills necessary for good study. So never scold him. If something does not work out for him, just explain how to do it right. Praise your baby more often, and never compare with anyone.

The duration of one lesson with graphic dictations should not exceed 10-15 minutes for children of 5 years old, 15-20 minutes for children of 5-6 years old and 20-25 minutes for children of 6-7 years old. But if the child is carried away, do not stop him and interrupt the lesson.

Pay attention to the landing of the child during the dictation, how he holds the pencil. Show your child how to hold a pencil between the knuckles of the index, thumb, and middle fingers. If the child does not count well, help him count the cells in the notebook.

Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is the right, where is the left, where is the top, where is the bottom. Pay attention to the baby that each person has a right and left side. Explain that the hand he eats, paints, and writes with is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, left-handers must be explained that there are people for whom the working hand is right, and there are people for whom the working hand is left.

After that, you can open the notebook and teach the child to navigate on a sheet of paper. Show the child where the notebook has the left edge, where is the right, where is the top, where is the bottom. It can be explained that earlier at school there were slanted desks, so the upper edge of the notebook was called the top, and the bottom edge was called the bottom. Explain to the baby that if you say "to the right", then you need to lead the pencil "there" (to the right). And if you say “to the left”, then you need to lead the pencil “there” (to the left) and so on. Show your child how to count the cells.

You yourself will also need a pencil and an eraser in order to mark the lines you read. Dictations are quite voluminous, and so as not to get confused, put dots with a pencil in front of the lines you are reading. This will help you not get lost. After the dictation, you can erase all the points.

Each lesson includes a graphic dictation, a discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Classes with a child can be built in a different sequence. You can first do finger gymnastics, read tongue twisters and tongue twisters, and then do a graphic dictation. On the contrary, you can first do a graphic dictation, then tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. Riddles are best guessed at the end of the lesson.
When the child draws a picture, talk about the fact that there are objects and there are images of them. Images are different: photographs, drawings, a schematic image. Graphic dictation is a schematic representation of an object.

Talk about how each animal has its own distinctive features. A schematic representation shows distinctive features by which we can recognize an animal or object. Ask your child what are the distinguishing features of the animal he has drawn. For example, a hare has long ears and a small tail, an elephant has a long trunk, an ostrich has a long neck, a small head and long legs, and so on.

Work with tongue twisters and tongue twisters in different ways:
1. Let the child pick up the ball and, rhythmically tossing and catching it with his hands, say a tongue twister or tongue twister. You can toss and catch the ball for every word or syllable.
2. Let the child say a tongue twister (pure tongue twister), throwing the ball from one hand to the other.
3. You can say a tongue twister by clapping the rhythm with your palms.
4. Offer to say the tongue twister 3 times in a row and not get lost.
Do finger exercises together so that the child sees and repeats the movements behind you.
And now that you have got acquainted with the basic rules for conducting a graphic dictation, you can begin to study.

Each dictation opens in a new window. To print it, right-click on the picture and select "Print".

Preparing the hand for writing includes holding various kinds works: massage of the fingers and palmar surfaces, finger gymnastics, work with natural material, eye exercises, visual and auditory dictations, work in notebooks.

The cage provides great opportunities for the development of fine motor skills and elementary graphic writing skills,since drawing by cells requires small and precise movements, and also creates favorable conditions for the development of orientation in microspace, voluntary attention, and visual memory. Already at preschool age, it is very important to teach a child to use a notebook, navigate on a notebook sheet, be able to see the cell, correctly find its sides, corners, center and midpoints of the sides. Orientation in the cell in the future will help him write numbers, letters beautifully and correctly, and perform graphic tasks in notebooks. He will have the basics of writing and drawing.

Children preschool age visually impaired often have difficulty writing: the hand gets tired quickly, the working line is lost; the child does not distinguish between the concepts of "left", "right", "sheet", "page", "line". These difficulties are due to the weakness of fine motor skills of the fingers and insufficiently formed visual-motor coordination.

The sequence of work when getting acquainted with a notebook in a cage is as follows:

Considering the squares that make up a sheet of paper
Tracing with the eyes and index finger the lines on the sheet from top to bottom and from left to right.
Then the child is offered work in microspace, i.e. a small rectangle, which he outlines himself along the dotted lines.

In this rectangle, the child draws lines from top to bottom and from left to right. Then, in the resulting cell-cells, he learns to put dots in the middle of each cell.

Then he learns to find the WORKING LINE on a sheet lined in a cell, drawing it on the dotted lines on the sheet. For the best visual perception I paint over the working line with a pencil.

The following tasks are aimed at orientation by lines.
The child learns to put dots in the middle of each cell of the working line (through one, two cells).

Then you should learn to see the middle of each straight side of the cell, and the dots and the working line also help us in this.

When performing all the exercises in the notebook, the child must definitely pronounce the sequence of his actions.

And only after we introduced the child and taught him to see this very cell and its sides and middle on a sheet lined in a cell, we begin to build straight lines of various sizes in one or two cells from top to bottom or from left to right. Lines are drawn through one, two cells, while the number of missed cells should be counted. From these straight lines, corners, chairs, squares and rectangles are obtained. Only then does the child learn to draw wavy lines, arcs, circles, ovals; outlines the image; and finally, independently draws in cells, builds numbers and prints letters.

The entire sequence that precedes the writing of letters by cells is presented in detail in the book.Utekhina K. M. “I am learning to write”
Using this technique, you will help your child not only learn to draw straight and winding lines in the cells, but also accurately color; memorize warm and cold colors. He learns to analyze the educational task, remember and imagine the order of its implementation, compares objects, establishing their similarities or differences. The child will clarify knowledge about simple geometric shapes, will learn to analytically perceive objects of complex shape and recreate them from elements.

A few tips for parents when teaching children graphic skills:

1. Work calmly, without reproaches, censures. 2. Do not rush the child, let him do the task slowly.
3. Try to find something to praise him for.
4. If unsuccessful, repeat the task, giving a similar one.
5. Complicate tasks only when the previous ones have been successfully completed.
6. Don't rush to get results; success will come if the child will trust you, will be self-confident.
7. If you need to make adjustments along the way, do it slowly, avoid hurtful words.
8. Do not be distracted during activities with your child.
9. Work must be carried out systematically.
10. The duration of the lesson is no more than 15 minutes.
11. Explanation of the task is obligatory.
12. Make sure that the child holds the pen correctly, pay attention to his posture, the location of the sheet of paper, lighting, furniture.
13. When assessing, it is necessary to correctly pay attention to errors. To complicate the task, ask the child to remember what is drawn, turn the card upside down and draw what was on it. You need to start work with orientation on a piece of paper. Do not lose patience, mark the slightest successes of the child, and the results will delight you.

Useful literature on the topic