How to teach a child not to confuse opposite concepts (antonyms): cold-hot, high-low, sweet-salty, fluffy-prickly, smooth-rough and others?
1. You need to show concepts in comparison a lot. For example, the classic game: “Look, this ball is big, and this one is small.”
2. Let the child explore the opposite concepts by touch: “Touch, this glass is cold, and this cup has hot tea.”
3. Tell fairy tales in which there are comparisons, for example: “Three Bears”, “Thumbelina”, “Mitten”, etc.
4. Perform comparison tasks in which you need to compare something with something. Similar tasks are often found in ours.
5. Introduce a developmental element during a walk: compare sounds, smells, speed of cars, sizes of objects, show the child the opposites in the world around him.
6. Come up with opposites.
7. Play with cards depicting opposite concepts.
We have selected 16 pairs of cards with objects and familiar animals that children can understand to make it easier for them to understand the meaning of each opposite.
| pdf format
To play with cards, you need:
- Print sheets with pictures on a color printer (it is better to print on thick paper).
- Stick sheets on cardboard or laminate.
- Cut out the cards and the game set is ready!
How to play with antonym cards?
1. First, show the child a couple of cards, tell what is shown in each picture. If the child already knows how to speak, ask him what he sees on the card.
2. Mix the cards and ask your child to find the one you name.
3. Ask the child to match the named cards.
4. You can also use cards as finds. For example, ask the child to find something cold, or to show the boy on the street, or to find a high and low house while walking.
Merry and exciting game indispensable during the development of speech in a child. It helps to improve speech and communication skills, figurative and verbal memory, mindfulness, the formation of logical thinking and the enrichment of vocabulary. During the game, the kid will learn to compare objects on a certain basis and quickly find objects with opposite qualities.
How to play
Print six sheets with ready-made pictures on a color printer, for more convenient use, stick on thick paper and cut.
From two to six people can take part in the game. The leader shuffles and leaves cards with a red border for himself, and with a green one he distributes to everyone in equal numbers. Then he takes out one card in a red frame, reads the word written on it and shows the card to everyone. The player who believes that there is a suitable pair among his cards calls a word with the opposite meaning to the leader's word. If the participant has correctly chosen the opposite, he takes the card. If the player made a mistake, the rest of the participants continue to look for a pair among their cards. The winner is the one who first finds opposite pairs to their cards.
If you are serious about preparing your child for school, play various educational games with him. You can also look for opposites together with the baby, for example, during a walk, just call him a word, and he selects the opposite in meaning to it.
This game develops logical thinking, teaches to find an object, phenomenon or word with the opposite meaning. The game is available in two versions:
1 option. You name a word, and the baby selects a word for it that has the opposite meaning.
The game is played orally. Use words that are easy to antonym with. In order for the baby to better understand the rules of the game, give him a few examples: small - big, short - long, close - far, left - right, etc.
It may be difficult for the child to select words that he rarely uses in his speech. In this case, recall these words and try to use them more often in the process of communication. Use this game to expand your active lexicon the child and his idea of the diversity of the world around him, the presence of opposite phenomena in it.
Option 2. Use colored cards to play. Print and cut out the picture cards below. Let the kid pick up words with opposite meanings.
Purpose of the game: to teach children to form antonyms with the help of prefixes.
Material. Two monkeys (toys).
Game progress.
Today we will play stubborn and obedient children. Listen to my story. The monkey mother had two daughters. The eldest was called Novice, the youngest was Stubborn. Stubborn liked to do everything in reverse. The Novice will collect the toys, the Stubborn will scatter them. If the sister closes the door, Stubborn ..... (with the intonation of incompleteness, the teacher encourages the children to answer: she will open it). If he brings ... (takes away), sews ... (tear off), cleans ... (soils), shuts up ... (talks), hangs ... (takes off), etc.
"Speak the other way around"
Purpose: development of thinking, activation of vocabulary.
Game progress.
The host throws the ball to the child, calls the word, and the child throws the ball back and calls the word with the opposite meaning:
cheerful - sad
fast - slow
beautiful - ugly
empty - full
thin - fat
smart - stupid
industrious - lazy
heavy - light
cowardly - brave
hard - soft
light dark
long short
high Low
sharp - blunt
hot Cold
sick - healthy
wide narrow
"I will start and you will finish"
Purpose: to teach children to make sentences using prefixed verbs with the opposite meaning; develop the ability to quickly find the exact word.
The teacher starts the sentence using a prefixed verb. Children complete the sentence by using a single-root verb with a prefix of the opposite meaning.
The boy first approached the house, and then ... (walked away). In the morning the guys came to kindergarten, and in the evening ... (gone). The boy entered the room, soon he ... (left). The guys ran on the right side, and then ... (ran) to the left. The children played hide and seek. They ran behind the house, hid, but soon they ... (ran out).
"Funny Cars"
(Mobile game with words).
Purpose: activation of verbs of motion in speech.
Leaving, on a signal, each "car" must say the verb of movement (eg left, left, drove, drove off, rolled, rushed, etc.).
Arriving at the garage, say: arrived, drove up, drove in, arrived, rushed, etc.).
Reading a poem by S.Ya.Marshak "The Ball".
"Rolled under the gate
In the garden, ran
Rolled up to the turn
To the gate, got there
Rolled under the wheel...."
" native nature in poetry and riddles
Purpose: to develop the ability to find antonyms in poems, to select synonyms for certain words.
Game progress.
1. The teacher invites the children to guess riddles about nature and find antonyms in them.
Round and bright
Gives warmth to everyone.
Got up early in the morning
It went across the sky.
Sunset in the evening
For the wood.
Guess the kids
Who am I talking about? (Sun)
Curls like a ribbon
In a blue haze
Can be calm
Can be hit by a wave
Dark and deep
That you can't see the bottom.
Fine and transparent
Maybe she
And bathes in the heat
Us in your wave.
What it is,
What kind of bird?
Black, big.
hung above the ground,
Sun closing.
Big tears
Mom hides her daughter.
How will she rush
Everything around is getting dark
To not get wet
I'll run away soon. (Cloud)
And choose the word (antonym) opposite in meaning to the words:
black....
big....
getting dark....
quicker....
3. Find synonyms:
Aspen chills,
Trembling in the wind
Freezes in the sun
Freezes in the heat.
Oak is not afraid of rain and wind
Who said that the oak is afraid to catch a cold
After all, until late autumn, the oak stands green
So the oak is hardy, it means hardened.
"Say Like"
Purpose: to teach children to select synonyms with additional semantic shades for verbs and adjectives.
Game progress.
1. The teacher passes the handkerchief to the child, naming the verb, the child gives the handkerchief back, naming a synonym for the verb.
Think - .... (think), open - ..... (open), find - ... (find), chill - ... (freeze), hit - ... (surprise), play pranks - ... (indulge), amuse - .... (entertain), forgive - ... (excuse), call - ... (invite), roar - ... (cry), rush - ... ( rush), spin - ... (spin), be afraid - ... (be afraid), throw - .... (throw).
2. Then the children can practice choosing synonyms with additional semantic shades for adjectives.
This house is big, and this one .... (huge). These clothes are old, and this dress is completely .... (worn). This dress is a little wet, but this one is completely ..... (wet). The boy is silent, and the girl ..... (taciturn). Yesterday was a warm day, and today ..... (hot).
"Choose the Right Word"
Purpose: to learn to select antonyms for polysemantic adjectives and for phrases with polysemantic verbs and adjectives; develop the ability to understand direct and figurative meaning words.
Game progress.
Children are offered polysemantic adjectives that change their meaning depending on the context. You need to find antonyms for them.
The stream is shallow, and the river ..... (deep). Currant berries are small, and strawberries ..... (large).
Porridge is boiled thick, and soup .... (liquid). The forest is sometimes dense, but sometimes... (rare).
After the rain, the earth is damp, and in sunny weather .... (dry). We buy raw potatoes, and eat .... (boiled).
As speech material phrases can be used:
Thin bucket, thin dress, thin person.
The boy is running, the horse is running, the water is running, time is running, streams are running.
A flower grows, a child grows, a house grows.
Hot day, hot weather, hot argument.
"It Should Be Said Differently"
Purpose: to teach children to select words that are close in meaning to the phrase.
Listen to the poem:
"The Snow Maiden cried, seeing off the winter,
Sadness followed her, a stranger to everyone in the forest.
Where she walked and cried, touching the birches,
Snowdrops have grown - Snow Maiden's tears.
T. Belozerova "Snowdrops".
These are the kind words the poet found to talk about snowdrops and spring. And what was the Snow Maiden like, seeing off the winter? (sad)
For the word sad, choose words that are similar in meaning (sad, sad)
If the Snow Maiden is sad, then what is her mood? (Bad)
Listen to what I will name sentences: "It's raining. The Snow Maiden is coming."
What word was repeated? (Goes.) Try to replace word goes. It's raining .... (it's pouring). The Snow Maiden is walking ... (walking). Spring is coming - how else can you say it? (Advances.) The car is moving ... (driving).
Similarly, tasks are given with the following phrases:
clean air (fresh), clean water (clear), clean dishes (washed); the plane sat down (landed), the sun set (set); the river runs (flows, flows), the boy runs (rushes, rushes).
"Find Another Word"
Purpose: to develop in children the ability to select the most accurate designation for a given situation; learn to choose synonyms and antonyms for adjectives.
Dad began to make swings for the children. Misha brought him a rope. Dad said, "No, this rope is no good, it will break." Dad took another rope: "But this one will never break." What rope did dad take? How can you say about her?
Listen to two sentences: "Vova grew up as a strong boy. He felt strong ice under his feet."
What does the word strong mean? How can you say these sentences differently? Come up with a sentence with the word strong.
Sentences are considered similarly: "The boy is shivering from the cold. The hare is shivering from fear."
Julia Uverskaya
Game for preschoolers 3-5 years old.
Paired cards are made with a single background. It's kind of a hint. It is difficult for a child to find the right one among the many cards. Focusing on the "similar" picture, the child will quickly find the correct pair.
Target: finding concepts, opposite in meaning.
Main tasks:
Enrich and activate the child's vocabulary.
Develop attention, memory. Learn children find clues(how are the cards different, how are they similar.
Extend Views children about the world.
Concepts:
far close
full-empty
light heavy
night Day
healthy-sick
hot-cold
big small
long short
wide-narrow
blunt-acute
old-young
push-pull
high Low
closed-open
bottom-top
thick-thin
edible-inedible
White black
fast-slow
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