In the lesson, students will consider the issue of art's view of nature (painting, music, literature); read poems by poets of the 19th century about nature (F.I. Tyutchev, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.A. Fet, A.K. Tolstoy); will conduct a study of the means of artistic expression that poets use as artists, creating a landscape poetic canvas.
Subject:You are my land, my dear land!
Lesson: Poems about the native nature of Russian poets of the 19th century
Nature is an inexhaustible fertile source of poetry, painting, music, art in general. The landscape is often consonant with the feelings and moods of a person. Native nature is familiar to us, but not everyone is able to see its beauty. People of art can see beauty, new, unusual in the usual. The famous Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote the beautiful music “The Seasons”, in which one can hear both the ringing of the bells of a troika running along a frosty road and autumn sadness, experiencing the awakening of nature in spring and a hot summer day.
Rice. 1. The edge of the forest. Hood. I. Levitan ()
Artists with the help of brushes and paints convey the beauty of their native nature (Fig. 1).
Landscape (French Paysage, from pays - country, locality) - a genre of fine art (as well as individual works of this genre), in which the main subject of the image is primordial, or to one degree or another transformed by man, nature.
From the word " scenery» happened name lyric genre - landscape. Poets using different figurative means language, describe nature in different times of the year. However, in poetry, autumn, winter, spring and summer always mean more than ordinary seasons. For example, spring is associated with the awakening and flowering of vitality.
Rice. 2. Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev ()
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873)(Fig. 2)
He is rightfully considered the singer of nature. He was the finest master of poetic landscapes. But in his inspired poems there is no thoughtless admiration of nature. For him, nature is the same animated, “reasonable” being as man.
“She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has a language,” wrote the poet.
In the famous poem "Spring Waters", streams - the first messengers of spring - announce the arrival of the holiday of the awakening of nature (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Big water. Hood. I. Levitan ()
spring waters
Snow is still whitening in the fields,
And the waters are already rustling in the spring -
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine and say...
They say all over the place:
"Spring is coming, spring is coming!
We are young messengers of Spring,
She sent us ahead!"
Spring is coming, spring is coming
And quiet, warm May days
Ruddy, bright round dance
Crowds cheerfully for her!..
When we read a poem, we hear the sounds of nature. The waters run, wake up the sleepy shore, they say: "Spring is coming, spring is coming!"
In the last lines, the image of a round dance evokes associations with a folk holiday.
Alliteration is the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness.
In landscape lyrics, alliteration is of great importance, since it can be used to convey the sounds of nature. Here, for example, is how Tyutchev describes a thunderstorm:
spring thunderstorm
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbles in the blue sky.
The young peals are thundering,
Here the rain splashed, the dust flies,
Rain pearls hung,
And the sun gilds the threads.
Rice. 4. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky ()
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1783-1852)
V.A. depicted the arrival of spring in his own way. Zhukovsky (Fig. 4).
Elegy (Greek elegeia, from elegos - mournful song) - a type of lyrics that describes an ideal landscape or reasoning of a lyrical hero about the meaning of life.
The heyday of the elegy falls on the era of romanticism. In Russia, the founder of elegies was V.A. Zhukovsky, his elegies “Rural Cemetery”, “Evening”, “Slavyanka” consist of two parts: the first describes nature, and the second is a reasoning inspired by landscapes.
The coming of spring
Green fields, groves babble,
There is a tremor in the sky of a lark,
Warm rain, sparkling waters, -
Having named you, what to add?
How else to glorify you
Soul life, spring coming?
In a few lines in simple terms Zhukovsky created a delightful picture of spring nature. We saw fields and groves covered with young greenery. Heard birds singing. And most importantly - felt a surge of strength and joy. The poet compares the coming of spring with the life of the soul. The human soul comes to life in spring along with nature.
Rice. 5. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet ()
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820-1892)
No less inspired, but again in his own way, Afanasy Fet writes about spring (Fig. 5).
The main wealth of the creative heritage of the remarkable Russian poet A.A. Feta composes landscape lyrics. Nature, with its constant variability, inspired Fet to create hundreds of poems and entire cycles dedicated to the seasons: "Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Snow".
These landscape paintings are based on the impressions of the Oryol region, the beauty of the Ukrainian steppes and the gloomy appearance of the Baltic coast, where he served, the landscapes of the Kursk province, where he spent last years life. But the main thing in Fet's poems is not this. The main thing is how the poet perceives and recreates the world around him.
The poet, like an artist, scatters bright colors on the canvas of his poem, admires the effect of light and movement.
Rice. 6. Blue spring. Hood. V. Baksheev ()
This morning, this joy
This power of both day and light,
This blue vault
This cry and strings
These flocks, these birds,
This voice of the waters
These willows and birches
These drops are these tears
This fluff is not a leaf,
These mountains, these valleys,
These midges, these bees,
This tongue and whistle
These dawns without eclipse,
This sigh of the night village,
This night without sleep
This haze and the heat of the bed,
This fraction and these trills,
It's all spring.
Note that in this poem there is no verb. However, this does not prevent the author from conveying the sounds, smells of nature, the movement of spring. We see flocks of birds returning from the south. We hear their cheers. We see running streams and hear their murmur. We hear the buzz of awakened midges and bees. The world is full of sounds and movement. And for the poet, spring is the time for love. And the whole night passes without sleep in dreams of something bright, joyful and beautiful.
Sentences in which there is no predicate are called nominal, and Fet skillfully uses them in his landscape lyrics:
Whisper, timid breath,
trill nightingale,
Silver and flutter
sleepy stream,
Night light, night shadows,
Shadows without end
A series of magical changes
Sweet face.
In smoky clouds purple roses,
reflection of amber,
And kisses, and tears,
And dawn, dawn...
L.N. Tolstoy said about this poem this way: “There is not a single verb in it. Every expression is a picture." Nominative sentences make the poem melodic, specifically point to objects, phenomena that excite the poet. With their help, writers, poets succinctly and accurately draw the time and place of action, the situation, the landscape.
Rice. 7. Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy ()
Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-1875)
For many poets, the theme of nature is inextricably linked with the theme of the homeland. As in the poem by A.K. Tolstoy " You are my land, my dear land!»
A. K. Tolstoy (Fig. 7) - poet, prose writer, playwright of the 19th century. He was born near St. Petersburg in a landowner's family, spent his childhood in the Red Horn (in the Bryansk region), he repeatedly returned to these places rich in forests in adulthood, and was buried here.
You are my land, dear land,
Free horse racing
Goy you, my homeland!
Goy you, dense forest!
The whistle of the midnight nightingale,
Wind, steppe and clouds!
Notice how much breadth and space in the words of this poem.
Assonance [fr. assonance letters. consonance] - Reception of sound expressiveness: repetition of vowels or groups of vowels in an artistic (usually poetic) text.
With the help of vowels, Tolstoy creates the feeling that you are standing among these expanses and breathing with all your chest, and joyfully shouting into the distance: “Goy, you, my homeland!”
A.K. Tolstoy often had to be away from his native places. The feelings that he experienced formed the basis of the poem "". Before reading, let's clarify the meaning of some words:
Blagovest - from the words good (good) news - a bell ringing before a church service.
Benevolent - pacifying, bringing good.
Repentance - confession of sins.
I refuse - I refuse.
Rice. 8. Blagovest ()
Among the oak forest
Shines with crosses
Temple five-domed
With bells.
Their call is calling
Through the graves
Buzzing so wonderful
And so sad!
He pulls himself
Irresistible
Calls and beckons
He is native to the land,
I pray and I repent
And I cry again
And I renounce
From the deed of evil;
Wandering far
wonderful dream,
Through the spaces I
I'm flying heavenly
And the heart is joyful
Trembling and melting
As long as the sound is good
Doesn't freeze...
The ringing of bells awakens the image of the native land in the lyrical hero. Wherever the hero is, when he hears this ringing, he always remembers his homeland.
So, both artists, and composers, and poets sought in their work to show the beauty of their native nature, to convey a deep feeling of love for the Motherland. There is no ostentatious beauty in our Russian nature, it is modest and simple, but full of calmness and expanse, sedateness and grandeur. That is why F.I. Tyutchev wrote about Russia, about love for her:
Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
Do not measure with a common yardstick:
She has a special become -
One can only believe in Russia.
- Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
- Tishchenko O.A. Homework in literature for the 7th grade (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
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- Phonochrestomathy in literature for the 7th grade to the textbook by Korovina.
- FEB: Dictionary of literary terms ().
- Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts ().
- Dictionary Russian language ().
- F. I. Tyutchev. Biography and creativity ().
- V. A. Zhukovsky. Biography and creativity ().
- A. A. Fet. Biography and creativity ().
- A. K. Tolstoy ().
- Remember what means of artistic expression you know. Define the concepts: metaphor, comparison, epithet, personification (in case of difficulty, see the glossary of literary terms).
- Find examples of personification in the poems that were considered in the lesson. What role does personification play in landscape poetry?
At the lesson of literature, our class studied the topic ""Native nature in the poems of Russian poets of the 19th century"". We have not studied many poems, but in them (these poems) we have come to know the beauty of Russian nature. All poems are good, but most of all I liked the work of A.K. Tolstoy "Where the vines bend over the pool"". The author describes to us a beautiful summer day:
Where the vines bend over the pool,
Where the summer sun bakes
Dragonflies fly and dance
Merry lead a round dance.
But not everything is so good and wonderful. Flying and dancing dragonflies turned out to be insidious, they wanted to lure the child into the pool, show the sandy bottom. Dragonflies tell the child about the beauty of summer nature, praising their appearance:
We have turquoise backs
And the wings are definitely glass!
They also beckon with their sweet, soft voice:
Child, come, come, come
Until my mother wakes up!
Dragonflies promise to teach him to fly, meanwhile they attract his attention, because all the children dreamed, dreamed of flying:
"Child, come closer to us,
We will teach you to fly
Insidious dragonflies say to the child: "We love you so much for a long time," they also invite him to look at the sloping coast and the sandy bottom:
See what a sloping coast
What a sandy bottom!"
the child is threatened with death if he goes after dragonflies, the author did not tell how the poem ended.
Updated: 2018-01-05
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Native nature in the poems of Russian poets of the XIX century
Lyrics is one of the three types of literature, the main content of which is the thoughts, feelings and experiences of the lyrical hero. These experiences can be caused by various reasons: unrequited love, homesickness, the joy of meeting friends, philosophical reflections, contemplation of pictures of nature.
Images of nature are most often found in the verses of Russian poets. And these motifs are always colored with love, admiration, admiration for the forces of the surrounding world.
So, the poem by Ya. P. Polonsky “Two gloomy clouds over the mountains ...” paints a picture of the beginning of an evening thunderstorm.
Nature is strong and powerful: lightning is bright, thunder is strong. Everything around trembles before the elements, even the rock sighs plaintively. The poet uses the technique of personification, endowing the clouds and the rock with human features (the clouds wander, the rock groans and dies). In this way he revives nature.
Despite the image of a formidable element, the lyrical hero has no fear of her, but there is admiration for her strength and power.
In the poem by F. I. Tyutchev “Reluctantly and carried chalk ...” a summer thunderstorm is also described. And again nature is endowed with human qualities: the sun looks, the earth frowns. Before us is the earth and the expectation of the elements. She, like a person, is worried, trembling, waiting for the inevitable. The poem is very bright: everything but the circle is colored green, white, blue. We seem to feel the smell of grass, dusty earth, the first drops of rain, we hear distant peals of thunder, the howling of the wind. The poem is fast paced and fast paced.
Here a jet broke through from behind a cloud of blue lightning -
A white and volatile flame Fringed its edges.
The lyrical hero is not afraid of the elements, but admires her power, admires her strength.
No less expressive is the poem by I. S. Nikitin “Bright twinkling stars ...”. Before us is a quiet light night. All sounds can be distinguished: the rustling of a horse in the gravel, the singing of a corncrake, the rustle of reeds. Sound writing with the help of the consonant "l" gives the poem melodiousness, smoothness, malleability.
The sleepy forest looks into the mirror of the bay;
In the thicket of the silent Darkness lies.
The sound "r", on the contrary, allows you to hear the crackling of branches burning in a fire.
Heard between the bushes Laughter and conversation;
It's hot with mowers A fire is lit.
The lyrical hero seems to be hiding and watching the nightlife of nature. He is careful and careful, does not want to disturb the silence of the night. At such moments, the poet visits inspiration.
All the poems of Russian poets about nature are unusually lyrical, melodious and beautiful. The contemplation of landscapes gives rise to poetic soul only the best feelings.
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- native nature in the poems of Russian poets of the 19th century
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Native nature in the works of Russian poets of the 19th century In poetry, autumn, winter, spring and summer have long meant something more than ordinary seasons. They acquired stable images associated with the awakening of vitality, moods of joy and fun, sadness and sadness. Nature was depicted not just as a background against which a person's life and activities take place, but as part of his soul ... Poems about nature are a reverent story about one's own soul. Poets see Russian nature in different ways, each in his own way, experiencing. Poems about nature - this is a quivering story about complex feelings, helping your own soul. Poets see Russian nature for us to understand why the world is different, each in its own way, experiencing complex things, it is seen that way. feelings, helping us to understand why the world is seen. However, no matter what they write about in their poems, it is like that. Russians. However, whatever Russian poets wrote about in their poems: about the seasons, music and colors of our poets: about the seasons, about the music and colors of our fields, fields and forests, about native and native open spaces, about peasant and forests, open spaces, labor, about peasant - they always thought and remembered the main thing. This is work, the main thing - they always thought about the Motherland, respect for - love and remembered the main thing. This is the Russian word and faith in the great future of the Russian, the main thing is love for the people. Motherland, respect for the Russian word and faith in the great future of the Russian people. Nature is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. In lyrical works, she is animated, endowed with experiences, properties and features of a living being. This attitude to nature has its roots in ancient times. Man perceived the mighty forces of the elements as something alive, capable of feeling, and therefore not so much depicted nature as talked to her. The idea of the unity of man and nature, which distinguishes Slavic folklore, passes into Russian classical poetry of the 18th-20th centuries. The 19th century is the golden age of Russian literature. It was then that A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, A. Fet, Y. Polonsky, I. Nikitin, A. Maikov, I. Surikov, and others worked. It was at this time that unsurpassed masterpieces of the poetic word were written. Russian poets have always been attracted by native nature, devoid of bright, catchy, exotic colors. With poems about the nature of the poets of the first half of XIX centuries of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov you are well acquainted, but the poems of F. And Tyutchev, A. A. Fet and A. N. Maikov (poets of the second half of the 19th century) you are just starting to recognize Today we will try better get acquainted with some poems about nature, written by the poets of the "golden age" Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, (1737 - 1799) Flowers are the last mile Luxurious first-born fields. They dull dreams awaken in us more vividly. So sometimes an hour of separation is more alive than a sweet date. The poem is small, but very colorful, tender and a little sad. It is known that autumn for Pushkin is his favorite season. And in this poem he also writes about autumn. The fact that the luxurious flowers of the hot summer have already faded, there are "last", autumn flowers, and it is they who are dearer to the poet than those "luxurious", because they encourage us to sad memories and dreams. So sometimes the moments of parting are "more alive than a sweet date" In these few lines there are epithets, comparisons, personification.M.Yu.Lermontov 1814 - 1841 Autumn The leaves in the field turned yellow, And spin and fly; The plowman sometimes rests From his midday labors The brave beast involuntarily Hurries to hide somewhere At night the moon is dim and the field Only silvers through the fog The poem "Autumn" is a small landscape sketch, characterized by restraint and precision of language. , behind which the pangs of emptiness and loneliness of the lyrical hero are hidden. He is interested in the interpenetration and conjugation of the world of man and nature: in everything there is a thirst for unity and a sharp gap. The mystery of natural harmony frightens a person: a few epithets are negatively charged (“gloomy green”, “overhanging rock”) Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov never considered himself a lyricist, believing that admiration for the beauty of the world around him was the lot of romantic natures who did not have time to know the bitterness of disappointment. Nevertheless, at the initial stage of his work, the poet periodically turned to the theme of his native nature, but at the same time, his landscape lyrics often had a social character. An example of such a work is the poem "Autumn" written in 1828, when the young Lermontov was barely 14 years old. At this time, he was studying at a boarding school, preparing to enter the university. However, at the insistence of his grandmother, from time to time he left his studies and came to the family estate near Moscow, where he spent time reading books and walked a lot in the vicinity of the village. .It was in the family estate that Lermontov was first able to appreciate the beauty of Russian nature, its grandeur and luxury. Even though autumn was never the poet's favorite season, he managed to find in it an amazing charm, consonant with his own. state of mind. The first thing that caught Lermontov's eye outside the outskirts of the village was yellowed leaves flying from the trees. But at the same time, the author notes that “they ate gloomy greens in the pine forest.” Dark and damp autumn attracts the poet much more than the gold of falling leaves. And this phenomenon is explained by the personal experiences of Lermontov, who is deprived of the opportunity to communicate with his father, which he regrets very much. It is during this period that an inquisitive and docile boy turns into an impulsive, irritable and very quick-tempered young man who is disappointed with life and does not see the point in it. Therefore, with a slight bitterness, the poet states the fact that "the plowman does not like, among the flowers, to rest sometimes from midday labors." A wild beast, flashing among a thinning forest, strives to quickly find a more reliable shelter for itself, so as not to become an easy prey for a person whose housing is nearby. Alienation, isolation of a person from the fundamental principles is conveyed through the image of a plowman: He no longer likes between flowers, The plowman sometimes rests... in the last lines of the poem, a clear dynamics natural life outlined at the beginning of the text. The deceptive simplicity of "Autumn" becomes a meaningful sign of a comprehensive meaning. The movements of natural life are artless and light, the emotions are clear. The usual, familiar events that prepare nature for winter are viewed here through a different prism, because the direct experiences of the lyrical hero surpass the events described. Interestingly, the last line of the poem is an involuntary reference to Pushkin's lyrics. Through the fog only silver. Lermontov Through wavy fogs The moon makes its way Pushkin Lermontov's doomed "only" is the abyss that lies between the harmony of Pushkin's worldview and the tragedy of Lermontov's. Pushkin's poetry is experiences caused by impressions from life, and in his successor in poetry, each experience is considered from the point of view of its excitement from the impression. The four-foot trochee conveys the rhythmically pulsing life of nature, which is already ready to live more slowly. The clarity of the cross-rhyming emphasizes the poetic sense of the beauty of nature, albeit frightening and dark, but at the same time simple and understandable. Everything in the poem is moving towards winter: the colors are gradually fading, the beast is hiding, and lyrical hero also seeks to catch this natural course of events, adjust to it and accept it. The minority of the sound of Lermontov's "Autumn" raises autumn to a symbol of sadness, which underlies all earthly existence. Possessing innate powers of observation, Lermontov was able to notice another characteristic sign of autumn, when "the moon is dim at night", and no longer floods neighboring fields and meadows with its milky light, but only slightly silvers them. Its radiance barely breaks through the thick fog, creating a mystical and sadness-filled picture. But it is she who is so dear and close to the heart of the young poet, who sees the natural end of the life cycle in the extinction of nature, and dutifully accepts what fate has in store for each of us. Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820 - 1892) O first lily of the valley! From under the snow You ask for the sun's rays; What virginal bliss In your fragrant purity! Like the first ray of spring is bright! What dreams descend in it! How captivating you are, gift of the Flaming Spring! So the maiden sighs for the first time About what - it is not clear to herself, And a timid sigh is fragrant With the excess of young life. The poem consists of two parts: in the first, a description of the lily of the valley and the spring awakening of nature, in the second, a comparison of a flower and a young girl. The first part is two quatrains, saturated with figurative and expressive means. The epithets "sunny", "fragrant", "captivating", "igniting" convey the enthusiasm, even the exultation of the lyrical hero. Spring, the awakening of nature, the return of juicy, bright beauty - this ignites the author's gaze, which makes the reader feel something similar. After describing the first lily of the valley, the lyrical hero admires the spring sunbeam, the exclamations "how", "which" raise the emotional intensity, and the line "How captivating you are, a gift of inflaming spring!" In this proposal - and gratitude, and delight, and an echo of the hope for spiritual rebirth - "igniting" spring can ignite the human heart. In the second part, consisting of one quatrain, the author moves on to reflection, comparing a spring flower and Sunbeam with the movement of a young soul. Mostly a flower, this is emphasized by the words "virgin" in the first part and "virgin" in the second. A gentle, pure lily of the valley, emerging from under the snow, giving its fragrance to the whole world, is as touching as a young girl who has just blossomed with her first beauty, who does not yet know what awaits her in life, and trusts everything. Touching and innocence are emphasized by the words "first", "timid", "young". But the hope that is felt in the approach of warmth is always justified - nature blossoms. And the hope of the human soul can melt without a trace ... And the "surplus of young life" will be wasted. This parallel is the philosophical meaning of the work. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter, like most of Fet's other works. This size conveys the cheerfulness, inspiration of the author, admiring nature. The inseparability of the surrounding world and the mood of a person is the leitmotif of the poet's work, and in "The First Lily of the Valley" this idea is revealed to the maximum, it even anticipates the future. Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803 - 1875) Brilliant lyricist, romantic poet. He developed a philosophical line in Russian poetry in a peculiar way. The singer of nature, keenly aware of the cosmos, the finest master of the poetic landscape, Tyutchev painted it spiritually, expressing human emotions. In Tyutchev's poetry there is no impassable line between man and nature, they are almost identical. The world in the eyes of Tyutchev is full of mystery, mystery - somewhere in its substratum chaos “moves”, night hides under the golden cover of the day, death looms in the abundance and triumph of life, human love is only a fatal duel threatening death. Autumn evening There is a touching, mysterious charm in the lordship of autumn evenings: The ominous brilliance and variegation of trees, The languid, light rustle of crimson leaves, Foggy and quiet azure Over the sadly orphaned earth, And, like a premonition of descending storms, A gusty, cold wind at times, Damage, exhaustion - and on everything That meek smile of withering, What in a rational being we call the Divine bashfulness of suffering. The poem "Autumn Evening" refers to the period of the early work of F. I. Tyutchev. It was written by the poet in 1830 during one of his short visits to Russia. Created in the spirit of classical romanticism, an elegant, light poem is not just landscape lyrics. Tyutchev comprehends in it the autumn evening as a phenomenon of the life of nature, looking for an analogy to the phenomenon of nature in the phenomena human life , and these searches give the work a deep philosophical character. “Autumn Evening” is a detailed metaphor: the poet feels the “mild smile of fading” of autumn nature, comparing it with the “divine bashfulness of suffering” in man as a prototype of morality. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, cross-rhyming is used. A short, twelve-line poem is one complex sentence, read in one breath. The phrase "mild smile of fading" combines all the details that create the image of fading nature. Nature in the poem is changeable and many-sided, full of colors and sounds. The poet managed to convey the elusive charm of autumn twilight, when the evening sun changes the face of the earth, making the colors richer and brighter. The brightness of colors (azure, crimson leaves, glitter, variegation of trees) is slightly muted by epithets that create a translucent haze - foggy, light. The poem is saturated with epithets that create a feeling of rich painting: “touching, mysterious charm”, “ominous brilliance”, “... The languid, light rustle of crimson leaves”, // Foggy and quiet azure // Above the sad orphan earth ...”, “intermittent , cold wind”, “gentle smile of fading”. The “cold wind” that blows at times appears before us “as a premonition of descending storms”. In general, the whole poem is a detailed metaphor: the feeling that “the lordship of autumn evenings” evokes in the poet is felt by him as a gentle smile of withering, which is compared with the “divine bashfulness of suffering” in a person. Especially strongly reflects the state of nature and the lyrical hero who empathizes with her, the method of alliteration used by F.I. Tyutchev. We hear the song of falling leaves. In the instant impression of the autumn evening, Tyutchev contained his thoughts and feelings, all the infinity of his own life. Tyutchev compares autumn with spiritual maturity, when a person acquires wisdom - the wisdom to live and appreciate every moment of life. .The color palette of the poem is unusual: the “lightness” of the evenings is combined with the “ominous brilliance” and “variegation of trees”, the “crimson” color of the leaves, and the “foggy” azure. Bright tones seem to be covered with a thin mist. Nature still lives, but the approach of winter sleep is already felt: “... and on everything // That meek smile of fading. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, all three stanzas have a cross-rhyme. The rhyme of the poem is rich: azure - storms, withering - suffering, on everything - we call. In the first stanza, you should probably read: evenings are trees. "Autumn Evening" is a true masterpiece of Russian poetry. Tyutchev's lyrics are permeated with a keen sense of tragedy, intense and passionate thought, marked by a depth of philosophical reflection. The artistic image of nature is concretely visible, marked by the stamp of a romantic feeling. F. I. Tyutchev’s sensitivity to the Russian language, the ability to deeply and accurately convey in his poems the subtlest shades of thoughts and feelings are generally recognized. Tyutchev's nature is humanized: like a living being, it breathes, feels, experiences joy and sadness. Tyutchev perceives autumn as a meek suffering, a painful smile of nature. The poet does not separate the natural world from the human world. .Tyutchev depicts nature not from the outside, not as an observer and photographer. He tries to understand the soul of nature, to hear her voice. Tyutchev's nature is the most living, intelligent being. Trying to penetrate its secrets, he turns to human life for help. Man is a kind of instrument of comprehension of nature. But nature also serves as a tool for understanding man. Apollon Nikolayevich Maikov The field is churning with flowers... The field is shaking with flowers... Waves of light are pouring in the sky... Spring larks singing Blue abysses are full. My gaze is drowning in the brilliance of half a day... I can't see the singers behind the light... So young hopes Amuse my heart with greetings... And where their Voices come from, I don't know... But, listening to them, their eyes to the sky, Smiling, I draw In 1857, the poet published the poem "The field is shaking with flowers ...", which is a small sketch dedicated to a warm summer day. The landscape opened to Maikov's gaze can hardly be called remarkable. An ordinary field, caressed by the sun's rays, could hardly attract the attention of someone else. But the poet saw something sublime and divine in this peaceful picture, confessing: “My gaze is drowning in the brilliance of half a day.” This feeling of boundless happiness and freedom is reinforced by the singing of larks, with which "the blue abysses are full." The poet does not see the birds, but hears their delightful chirping, which gives the trivial summer landscape a special beauty and audacity. Spring for poets has always been a special time of the year, causing a surge of vitality and emotional excitement. Spring is a time of rebirth and blossoming of nature, new hopes and joy, love and happiness. Nature and man are united in their mood, and this is very subtly and convincingly revealed by lyric poets. A. N. Maykov's poem depicts a picture of spring and the singing of larks. Emphasizes the spaciousness, the freshness of spring: The field is churning with flowers... In the sky light waves are pouring... Spring larks singing Blue abysses are full. The lyrical hero does not see the singers, he only hears their singing, but these songs echo in his heart with new young hopes. ... So young hopes Amuse my heart with greetings ... Joy in the soul, peace, tranquility causes the singing of larks. And where their voices come from, I don't know... But, listening to them, I turn my eyes to the sky, Smiling, I turn. To turn one's eyes to the sky, to think about the eternal, about the immortality of the human soul and how to live life in harmony with nature and the world - this is one of the highest tasks of the human mind. A. N. Maikov connects changes in nature with the mood of a person. .The author is mentally transferred to the ordinary world and immediately finds a surprisingly accurate comparison to his feelings, stating: “So the hopes of the young amuse my heart with greetings ...”. This phrase requires some explanation and decoding. The fact is that Apollon Maikov worked almost all his life as a librarian in the famous Rumyantsev Museum, and young writers often turned to him for help. He not only personally knew the future celebrities, but also watched with excitement their ascent to the literary Olympus. Very few of Maykov's friends knew that he himself wrote poetry, since the poet never sought to advertise his passion. Meanwhile, the first collection of works by this author was awarded the imperial prize, thanks to which the poet was able to visit many cities in Europe. Reading the works of his young friends, Maikov did not feel envy or jealousy. On the contrary, he rejoiced at their achievements even more than at his own victories, believing that a bright future awaited Russian literature. Therefore, the last verse of the poem can be interpreted in two ways, since such novice writers as Turgenev, Belinsky and Nekrasov are represented in the image of larks. The poet admits that he does not know where their voices come from. However, at the same time he notes: “But, listening to them, I turn my eyes to the sky, smiling.” Homework: 1. Learn one poem about the nature of the authors of the 19th century. 2. Give a written analysis of the poem according to plan
Synopsis of a lesson in literature on the topic: "Native nature in the works of Russian poets of the 19th century", Grade 5
Lesson topic:Native nature in the poems of Russian poets of the 19th century
.Lesson type: integrated lesson- study new material.
Lesson Objectives:
1)educational: to acquaint students with poems by Russian poets of the 19th century about their native nature, and also include in the message brief information from their biographies;
2) developing: develop skills in expressive reading of a poetic text, oral speech skills, skills in analyzing poems;
3) educational: to cultivate love for poetry, for the Motherland and native nature.
Lesson equipment:
computer, multimedia projector, reproductions of paintings by landscape painters; portraits of F.I. Tyutcheva, A.N. Pleshcheeva, I.S. Nikitina, A.N. Maykov; audio recordings of the piano cycle by P. I. Tchaikovsky "The Seasons", S. Rachmaninoff "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, 18th variation", literary dictionaries, phono-chrestomathy for the textbook “Literature. Grade 5 ", textbook, notebook.
Lesson time: 45 min.
Lesson plan:
1.Organizing time(1 min)
2. Introductory speech of the teacher(7 min)
A. Appeal to the epigraph.
b. Goal setting by students.
3. Learning new material(25 min)
A) listening to the poem by I.S. Nikitin “Winter Night in the Village” and I.Z. Surikov "Winter" on phonochrestomathy;
- work with dictionaries;
- viewing reproductions of paintings about winter.
b) physical education minute;
V) The image of spring in Russian poetry of the 19th century.
- listening to the poem "Spring Waters" on phonochrestomathy;
- viewing reproductions of paintings by Russian artists about spring;
- work in pairs (search for means of artistic expression in poems);
G) .
- a riddle about summer. reading a poem by I.S. Nikitin "Morning" by a trained student;
- viewing reproductions of paintings by Russian artists about summer (Levitan "Birch Grove", 1885, Polenov "A Pond in Abramtsevo", Shishkin "Rain in an Oak Forest", 1891, "Rye", 1878)
- work with the text of the poem "Morning" (search for means of artistic expression in the poem);
e) The image of autumn in Russian literature of the 19th century
- reading poems “There is in the autumn of the original ..” F.I. Tyutchev, "Autumn" by A.S. Pushkin, "Autumn" by A.N. Maykov.
- listening to the poem "There is in the autumn of the original .." according to phonochrestomathy;
- viewing reproductions of paintings by Russian artists about autumn; (Polenov "Golden Autumn", 1893, "Autumn Day. Sokolniki", 1879. "Autumn. Mill. Ples", 1888)
- a presentation by a pre-prepared student about the history of the creation of the painting "Golden Autumn" and its author;
-work in groups (find signs of autumn in verse);
4. Reflection(7 min)
5. Summing up, grading(3 min)
6. Homework(2 minutes)
During the classes
1.Organizing time
2.teacher's word
We have four seasons in Russia. And every season has its own energies. The ancients taught: "Always follow the energies of the seasons." What happens outside the window, the same happens in our body.
People are amazing creatures of the planet Earth - we are constantly developing, learning new knowledge, mastering new sciences and crafts. And we live in the same no less amazing, constantly changing world, alive and beautiful. It is necessary to be in constant interaction with nature.
There is a therapy for the seasons. Spring - Blooming tree. The flourishing, development, growth of nature and human forces begins in the spring, with the advent of the element of wood. Summer. Take everything with your heart.
The main element of summer is fire. The energy of fire helps to develop qualities above the earthly and heavenly. In autumn, nature is cleansed. Trees shed their leaves, and animals change their skins, the element of earth will be replaced by the element of metal. With the onset of winter comes the element of this season - water. The energy of water will help strengthen the inner strength, which is contained in softness: “Water is soft, but wears away a stone”, “Become like water”, “Take water as a model” - the ancients taught.
In nature, it is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, artists, writers, composers, and, of course, for you and me. You need to listen and look. And only an attentive viewer and listener will discover a lot of amazing, mysterious and beautiful things. Only then will we understand the mysterious and unique language of our native nature.
The world around us seems to be constant and unchanged, but this is just an illusion (deception). In fact, the nature around us is constantly changing and updating. It's worth taking a look.
Now think about the topic of today's lesson.
Teacher: -Nature is one of the eternal themes of world art. Russian literature has amazing examples landscape lyrics. Today we will talk about some Russian poets of the 19th century, who in their poems praised their native forests, fields, meadows, as well as birds and animals. All seasons will pass before us in the verses of Pushkin, Nikitin, Surikov, Tyutchev, Fet, Maikov.
A) Appeal to the epigraph.
- Read the epigraph for today's lesson.
When sunsets sing in the river
And the pines sigh, and the bushes whisper,
Who will understand the earth in their native language?
Who if not me?
Who if not you?
L Shchipakhin.
The students write the topic of the lesson. Write the topic on the board and in notebooks.
b) Goal setting by students.
Students independently formulate the purpose of the lesson, based on the key words, the teacher corrects.
Key words:
To know…
Learn to…
Improve skill...
Purpose: to get acquainted with the poems of Russian poets about nature, to learn to analyze lyrical work, improve the skills of expressive reading of poems, the ability to participate in a conversation.
3. Learning new material.
A) Teacher: -The year begins with winter. Winter is a wonderful time of the year. A snow-white blanket of shiny snow, unique patterns on the windows, frosty air. Poets could not fail to notice the amazing beauty of winter nature.
Listen to the poem by I.S. Nikitin "Winter Night in the Village" performed by the People's Artist of Russia L. Kulagin and a poem by I.Z. Surikov "Winter" performed by folk art. Russian Gabets.
Teacher: - What pictures are depicted in the poems? (winter night and snowfall).
- What do you think, did the poets manage to convey these amazing pictures to us? (Yes)
- With the help of what we were able to imagine these pictures? (picture - expressive means).
Teacher: - Figurative and expressive means are used in literary works in order to create a visible image of the described object, phenomenon.
- work in pairs (search for means of artistic expression in poems);
Teacher: -Now we will look for such means of expression in poems. But first, let's work with dictionaries and find definitions: epithet, comparison, personification.
- work with dictionaries;
Teacher: - And now we will find these means of expression in poems (work in pairs):
Personifications “the forest covered itself”, “the forest fell asleep”, “frosts came”; epithets "sleepy village", "mute silence", "empty streets", "fluffy snow", "wonderful hat"; comparisons “the cross is like a candle”, “the field turned white, as if it was covered with a veil”, “a dark forest that covered itself with a hat”.
- expressive reading of poems by students;
Viewing reproductions depicting winter: I. Shishkin "Winter", 1890, N. Krymov "Winter Landscape", K. Kryzhitsky "Forest in Winter", I. Grabar "Luxurious Hoarfrost" with audio recording by P.I. Tchaikovsky's The Four Seasons or Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.
B) Fizminutka;
We will walk along the path.
To rest a little
We will walk along the path.
But the path is not easy -
Doesn't let us go.
I pull my head to my shoulder
I want to stretch my neck.
To the side once or twice
I shake my head.
We put our fingers to the shoulders,
We will rotate our hands.
Circle forward, another circle forward,
And then vice versa.
It's good to stretch a little.
Let's sit down to work again.
IN) The Image of Spring in Russian Poetry of the 19th Century.
"Spring Waters" Tyutchev.
Questions:
Spring is also depicted in this poem. Can you name the month? (May.)
Who or what does the poet personify in him? What in the poem appears before us as a living thing? (The waters, that is, the river. The waters “speak to all ends” that spring is coming.)
- What epithets convey to us a bright, iridescent, cheerful mood? (“Quiet, warm, May days”, “ruddy, bright round dance.”)
Teacher: Yes, it is spring that comes after winter. The awakening of nature and man is associated with this time of the year, it is a symbol of purity, renewal, the beginning of something new.
I draw the attention of students to reproductions of paintings: Levitan "Blossoming Apple Trees", 1896; "March", 1895; "Spring-big water", 1897 ”for audio recording (S. Rachmaninov Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, variation 18).
Teacher: -Find poems about spring in the textbook, prepare an expressive reading of one of them (who is the first).
G)- The image of summer in Russian poetry of the 19th century
- Riddle about summer. reading a poem by I.S. Nikitin “Morning” by a trained student;
Teacher: - Guess the riddle and name the season:
I am woven from the heat
I carry warmth with me
I warm the rivers
"Swim!" - I invite.
And love for it
You are all of me. I - …
(Summer)
Reading a poem by I.S. Nikitin "Morning" by a trained student.
Teacher: - Any artistic picture, drawn with paints or verbally, can not only be seen, but also heard and felt. It has its own unique sounds and smells.
Sounds: the noise from the wings of flying ducks, the ringing of a bell, the fishermen woke up, the songs of birds, the song of the plowman.
Smells: morning freshness, coolness, a nearby pond, the smell of flowering herbs.
- Viewing reproductions of paintings by Russian artists about summer with an audio recording of Rachmaninov Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini, variation 18. I draw attention to the reproductions of paintings: Levitan "Birch Grove", 1885, Polenov "Pond in Abramtsevo", Shishkin "Rain in an Oak Forest", 1891 ., "Rye", 1878) Look again at the pictures, imagine it and name the sounds and smells present there.
D) The image of autumn in Russian poetry of the 19th century.
Teacher: - Guys, now look at the picture and guess the season depicted on it. Do you know who the author of this picture is? (Levitan "Golden Autumn")
A message from a prepared student.
This is a painting by the famous artist Levitan, painted in 1985. By the beginning of the 1890s, Levitan's talent had reached full maturity, the time had come for his creative flourishing. In the vast heritage of the artist, paintings on the motives of Russian autumn are found more than once. He especially loved this time of the year for its lyrical sad tones, for the festive brightness of the decoration of the trees - it was in tune with his moods. The colors of the autumn leaves, the special transparency of the air and the feeling of the passing of life resonated in his melancholy nature.
One of the most famous paintings by Levitan was "Golden Autumn", in which the master put the bright sadness of the withering of nature.
The painting was painted on the Gorka estate in the Tver province, where the artist stayed with the Turchaninov family from May to October 1895.
Teacher: -Look carefully at other pictures and list the signs of autumn. (I draw attention to the reproductions of paintings: Polenov "Golden Autumn", 1893, "Autumn Day. Sokolniki", 1879. "Autumn. Mill. Ples", 1888. (According to various estimates, the artist painted about a hundred autumn paintings.)
-Work in groups. Find and list the signs of autumn in poems, expressively read it.
Group 1: the poem "There is in the autumn of the original ..."
Teacher: Let's have a little vocabulary work: write out words from the poem in a notebook that may not be understood.
(“Radiant evenings.” Radiant - sparkling, full of radiance, brilliance. Sickle - a long curved knife for cutting grain ears. “... on an idle furrow.” Idle - here: empty. Furrow - a groove, a deep line on the surface of the soil, made by a plow or a plow. Azure is a light blue color, the color of the sky.)
- After we have learned the meanings of unfamiliar words, we will listen to a poem performed by a student (the surname is called).
Search for means of artistic expression:
The author uses such artistic means as
comparison (the whole day stands as if crystal ...), personification (where a peppy sickle walked).
This gives expressiveness of speech, contributes to a more complete disclosure of the artistic image.
The poet uses the most refined epithets that convey his attitude
to the world around: “wonderful time”, “crystal day”, “radiant evening”.
Group 2: Pushkin A.S. "Autumn"
The author uses such artistic means as epithets: “dull time”, “forests clad in crimson and gold”, “fresh breath”, vocabulary of the old style “autumn cold”. Sound writing: a large number of deaf consonants onomatopoeia describes the rustle of leaves and coolness.
3rd group: A.N. Maikov "Autumn".
Vocabulary work:
Spring - spring.
Pleasure - pleasure, fun.
Remove - take off.
Purple is a dark or bright red color.
The author uses such artistic means as epithets: “golden leaf”, “curly milk mushrooms”, “transparent skies”, numerous personifications, the color scheme of the poem (“golden leaf”, “purple of lingonberry tassels”, “clarity of heaven”).
6.Reflection.
I start a sentence and you continue:
Questions for reflection of the lesson:
1. Today I learned…
2. It was interesting...
3. I did tasks...
4. I realized that…
5. Now I can…
6. I felt that…
7. I purchased…
8. I learned...
9. I got ...
10. I was able ...
11. I will try ...
12. I was surprised ...
13. The lesson gave me for life ...
14. I wanted ...
7. Summing up, grading..
Teacher: - Guys, now think about what means poets, artists, musicians betray the beauty of their native nature? - with notes.
8. Homework. 1 min.
Level 1: expressive reading of the verse. A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov "Rooks";
Level 2: Write short essay(5 pr-th) “I am in the autumn (winter, spring, summer) forest”
Level 3: compose a quatrain about native nature.
Reserve teaching materials.
Compose an oral statement on the topic “What Russian poets depict their native nature”, using key words and expressions
Native nature for Russian poets is ...
Poets sang beauty ... (what?)
Russian nature ... (what?)
Poems about native nature are close to us, readers, because ...
Bibliography.
1. Korovina V.Ya., Zhuravlev V.P., Korovin V.I. Literature Grade 5 textbook for educational institutions, in 2 parts. M.: Education, 2015.
2. Literature, Grade 5, Phonochrestomathy, Korovina V.Ya., Zhuravlev V.P., 2013.
3. "Art Gallery" No. 60, 2005
4. "Art Gallery" No. 65, 2005
5. "Art Gallery" No. 56,2005
6. Korovina V.Ya. Literature: Grade 5: Methodological advice. M.: Enlightenment, 2004
7. Zaire - Bek S.I., Mushtavinskaya I.V. The development of critical thinking in the classroom. M.: Education, 2011.
8. Mushtavinskaya I.V. Technology for the development of critical thinking in the classroom and in the system of teacher training. St. Petersburg: KARO, 2013.
9. Timofeev Leonid Concise Dictionary literary terms. 1963
10. Mironova N.A. Literature in tables: 5-11 grades: reference. materials.- M.: Astrel, 2008
