The psychology of human thinking is such that it is forced to obey the microenvironment in which it is currently located. This is due to the fact that any individual wants to remain in relative psychological peace. And as they say: do not strain too much in your defense against an unfavorable social environment.

To live with wolves is to howl like a wolf. This folk saying fully describes the topic raised. Outside the team, most of us simply cannot live. This is due to the whole structure of our society and humanity as a whole. On the one hand, this seems correct and rational, because together with the whole world it is possible to move mountains. On the other hand, groups that are tuned to the same wave are easier to manage by taking control of just one leader. Any individuality that does not go in unison with the rest is severely ground in the team. And either they mold a standard figure out of it or throw it away.

Most people are based in their behavior on other people's views on themselves and on life in general. But society is diverse, diverse and views. Therefore, a person is thrown from one extreme to another. In turn, he also gives out his own opinion, point of view, from which someone repels, still introducing an adjustment into his behavior.

This microclimate broth in a single collective (society) is cooked in its own sauce according to its own laws. And the one who stirs this human broth carefully makes sure that it does not boil or splash out, occasionally throwing various seasonings into the pan in the form of rewards, spectacular events and other pseudo-pleasures.

Depending on the social environment where a person cooks, there is also encouragement. That is, the cook looks: yeah, simple water is boiling, well - it’s enough to throw a pinch of salt there in the form of free meals or distribution of used clothes for the unemployed and other socially disadvantaged elements of society.

But something began to puff up the porridge of hard workers. Let's add butter there - a cash prize, a free trip to Sochi, a charity rock concert in the city square.

The gourmet food habitat is seething? Well... let's give them the opportunity to enjoy an additional million in their account, real estate in Cyprus... let's give a couple of enterprises into ownership.

Whoever did not want to calm down or simply did not have time to pick up a handout is scooped out with a spoon in the form of foam and dumped into a garbage can, where it is also formed - these are prisons and colonies.

However, the chef is not always so radical with his dishes. He can add salted water in time to a porridge or even to a gourmet dish. Or maybe drain the unwanted liquid from the vat and pour it into a pot of boiling water.

Ten amazing stories about people who abandoned all the benefits of civilization and began to live away from everyone, in harmony with nature.

Son and father from Vietnam who fled during the war and were discovered 40 years later

During the Vietnam War, a man named Ho Van Thanh lived in a village called Tra Kem with his wife and three sons. As the conflict between US soldiers and Vietnamese soldiers escalated, Thanh became more and more concerned for the safety of his family. Then, one day, he was horrified to see his wife and two sons killed in a mine explosion.

In a panic, the 42-year-old man grabbed his remaining son, two-year-old Ho Van Lang, and ran into the jungle to hide. Never realizing that the war was over, father and son hid in the jungle for the next forty years.

In August 2013, workers from a nearby village spotted men wearing loincloths made from tree bark and notified the authorities. After five hours of searching, the now 80-year-old and 41-year-old men were found. The older man still remembered the local dialect a little, so he was able to tell what happened to their family many years ago. In addition, he told them that he and his son survived by growing corn and collecting fruits and vegetables. They built an elaborate tree house and lived in it. The photo above shows their house.

Both of them have undergone physical examination and treatment, and are trying to integrate into modern society.

Man hid in Maine woods for 27 years

For almost thirty years, residents of the North Pond in central Maine have told stories of a hermit who lived in the woods and occasionally ransacked nearby homes and camps in search of food and supplies. These stories have become a legend, a fairy tale for today.

The legend became a reality when, in April 2013, the State Gamekeeper caught the Northern Pond Hermit stealing. Forty-seven-year-old Christopher Knight was caught red-handed when he stole food and was camping on the lake. The capture ended his twenty-seven years of seclusion, and confirmed the rumors about him once and for all. Although Knight has apologized for the theft, authorities suggest he may be responsible for at least a thousand thefts he has committed over the years.

At a court hearing in August 2013, Knight pleaded not guilty to charges of seven break-ins and six thefts. He says he went into the woods at nineteen and during that time he only spoke to one person, a hiker he stumbled upon sometime in the 90s. Knight claims to have maintained his intellectual development while reading the books he stole from homes.

Russian family hid in the forests of Siberia for 40 years

In 1978, Russian geologists traveled to a remote location in the wilderness of Siberia, but instead of finding precious minerals, they discovered a family of six who had lived there undetected for forty years.

Karp Lykov and his family were Old Believers, members of a fundamentalist Russian Orthodox sect that was persecuted under the Soviet Union. During the Bolshevik Revolution, many Old Believer communities fled to Siberia to escape religious persecution, and the Lykovs were among them. In 1936, a communist patrol shot brother Lykov right in front of him, so he took his wife and two young children and ran away with them into the forest.

Taking with them only the most necessary property and some seeds, they gradually moved further and further away from society until they stopped about 160 kilometers from the border with Mongolia. The couple had two more children, and the family of six lived off what they could grow and by picking berries and roots. They often starved, and began to set traps and, accordingly, add meat to their diet only when their son came of age and learned how to make traps. However, they were severely short of food, and the mother of the family starved to death in 1961, having given her share of food to the children.

The family had no idea about events such as landing a man on the moon or that the Second World War. They were fascinated by little things like cellophane packaging. Over time, the younger children developed a strange dialect in which outsiders had difficulty recognizing Russian. After the geologists made contact with them, the family slowly began to trust them, but being deeply religious, they always refused to leave their isolated home. Eventually, they began to accept small gifts of salt and other precious foodstuffs that they had lived without for so many years.

Just a few years after contact was made, three out of four children died of kidney failure due to complications from their years of malnutrition. One son died of pneumonia after vehemently refusing medical care, saying: "A person lives as long as God has given him."

The father of the family died in 1988. Agafya Lykova, the last remaining member of the family, continues to live there alone. She never left her household.

Japanese soldier refused to believe that the war was over

In 1944, the Japanese army sent Lieutenant Hiro Onoda (Hiroo Onoda) and several other units to the sparsely populated Philippine island of Lubang (Lubang) to conduct guerrilla war During the Second World War. Although the war ended shortly thereafter, Onoda and his compatriots on the island were never officially told, so they continued to stay on the island and fight the locals for the next thirty years.

Onoda continued to live in the jungle for decades, living on coconuts and bananas. In October 1945, the Japanese government tried to notify the soldiers who were hiding in the remote jungle that the war was over, but Onoda and his compatriots decided that the newspapers and leaflets dropped by the planes were allied propaganda. The men scrutinized every word of the leaflet, but decided they would not surrender until their commander ordered them to do so. Several teams were sent to look for them, but no one could find them.

Over the years, all the other men died, and the remaining soldier except Onoda decided to give up and sneaked out of their camp. Onoda lived alone for another twenty years, becoming a legend among Japanese and Filipino nationalists who believed he was dead. In 1974, a tourist found Onoda and tried to convince him that the war was indeed over, but Onoda stubbornly refused to believe him.

The tourist, Norio Suzuki, left the island and arranged a meeting between Onodo and his now retired commander. When Onodo found out the truth, he was incredibly shocked. He was hailed as a hero in Japan and was pardoned for killing and injuring Filipinos while living on the island for all these years. After reintegrating into society, Onoda decided that he preferred a simple, solitary lifestyle. He moved to Brazil and lived on a ranch, visiting his island one more time in 1996.

Man, the last member of his tribe, lives alone in the Brazilian rainforest

Nearly twenty years ago, Brazilian officials discovered an Indian, probably the last of the tribe with whom no contact had been made. He lived alone in the Brazilian rainforests. Officials decided for a long time what to do with the man. Their attempts to establish peaceful contact did not go well, and the man fired an arrow into the chest of one of the rescuers. Previous attempts to integrate tribal members into modern civilization also ended in failure: people who lived their lives in isolation usually died soon after they were integrated into society.

Seeing the deforestation and industrialization coming to the area around the lone man's habitat, government officials determined that no attempt at industrialization or deforestation should be made within a 48-kilometer radius of the Indian's habitat. The man still leads the loneliest existence of all known on Earth.

Man happily lived 30 years alone in a remote home in Alaska

After a long career in the Navy and as a diesel mechanic, Richard Proenneke has chosen a rather unique style for his retirement. He built a house high in the mountains of Alaska, in a place called Twin Lakes (Twin Lakes), where he lived alone for almost thirty years, eating pasture.

During his reclusive retirement, Proenneke ventured several times across forty-eight states to see his family, but for the most part, he spent all his time alone in the remote wilderness of Alaska. He hunted, fished, and studied nature with the sharp eye of a born scientist.

Proenneke filmed his solitary life, which was later edited and made into a series. documentaries PBS channel, called "Alone in the Wild" (Alone in the Wilderness). His notes have also been adapted into several books, and he made several valuable records of the meteorological and natural data of the area of ​​Alaska where he lived.

Lonely Woman from San Nicolás Island

In 1835, California authorities ordered that all Indians were to be transported from tiny San Nicolas, the most remote of the Channel Islands. Located about 85 kilometers west of the coast of Los Angeles, the island suffered from wars between Indian tribes. During the evacuation, one woman refused to leave the island because, she claimed, her young child was missing. She disappeared from view and was not seen again for nearly twenty years.

In 1853, a hunting expedition came across the same woman. She never found her child and spoke in a language no one had heard before, but she charmed everyone who saw her with her wide smile and cheerful disposition. The hunters brought her to the mainland, and she was shocked and delighted with modern world. Unfortunately, she lived only seven weeks after her reintegration into society, dying of dysentery.

Independent researcher goes missing after spending five years alone

Everett Ruess was born in 1914, but no one knows when he died because he spent his whole life alone. Ruess was an artist, poet, and writer who explored nature on foot and on horseback for many years, spending most of his time in the High Sierra, on the California coast, and in the deserts of the American Southwest. He disappeared in the late 1930s, when he was only twenty years old, while traveling through remote Utah.

Ruess was one of the first Americans who came into contact with Native Americans and lived among them. During his travels, he explored the cliff dwellings and traded his artwork for food and other supplies. He never spent more than one or two days in the company of people, preferring to remain alone. He kept diaries that were later turned into books about his unusual lifestyle and lack of desire to be part of any formal civilization.

His death remains a mystery to this day. Some think he died an accidental death from a fall or drowning, others suspect a violent death. His strange lifestyle and mysterious disappearance turned him into a folk hero among naturalists and historians.

Christopher McCandless went into the wilderness

After graduating with honors from Emory University in 1990, Christopher McCandless donated the remaining $24,000 in his account to charity, freed himself from family ties and all his possessions, and embarked on an adventure across the country. Calling himself Alexander Supertramp, McCandless traveled without money and without much contact with the outside world. He arrived at his destination in Fairbanks, Alaska on April 28, 1992.

Just four months later, McCandless' frail body was found in an abandoned Fairbanks bus on the Stampede Trail. Weighing 30 kilograms, he died of starvation and poisoning by poisonous mushrooms. Writer Jon Krakaeur wrote an award-winning book about McCandless's tragic departure from civilization. The book, titled Into The Wild, was subsequently adapted into a film starring Emil Hirsch.

Christopher McCandless is a controversial figure. While many people feel sympathy for this young man who wanted to live a solitary life, others criticize his unpreparedness and lack of basic knowledge of survival techniques.

A woman who prefers to live "outside the system" lives in a "hobbit house"

In 1995, a small group of people bought a large piece of land in Wales with the intention of turning it into a commune. For years they lived peacefully "outside the system" until the government stepped in and questioned their legal ownership of the land. This was followed by a legal battle that lasted a decade, but in the end it was established that they did indeed own the land and had every right to live there.

One of these survivalists was Emma Orbach, a woman who graduated Oxford University who now lives in a hobbit house-style hut she built for herself. Orbach divorced her husband, who was also a prepper, and now lives alone in a round house she built herself. She grows her own food, produces her own electricity, and prides herself on living free from the pressures of society's rules. Orbach keeps his own farm animals, fetches water from a stream, and occasionally goes to nearby shops to afford treats like chocolate.

“This is how I want to live,” says Orbach. "This lifestyle makes me very happy and brings me peace, this is my ideal home."

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The reasons that force people to live outside of society can be very different. Perhaps the most often unwitting hermits are those who fear the authorities. Here are two relatively recent examples. The hero of the first story was the Englishman Norman Green.

“Ordinary spectacles ... no longer excite the public. She wants to see something sensational and sinister, and Norman Green is perfect for this. He is the most amazing sight on earth." These words, which could well have been heard at one of Phineas Barnum's circus performances, were spoken by Bernard Bulley, an attraction agent, on Saturday, July 17, 1982, at the fair in Preston (Lancashire, England). It was with such speeches that Mr. Bulley was able to attract those willing to spend their 25 pennies for the right to look at an outwardly ordinary person sitting on a sofa. But at that time, the whole world had just learned about him, Norman Green, called "the mole man."

Norman had six sons, and his appearance to the public began immediately on the day he left the place in which he spent eight years of his life, a hole with a diameter of 53 centimeters, which was made in the floor of the lower floor of his house in Vigan. There, with the exception of his wife Polina, his entire family lived with them in complete ignorance of his stay with them. Getting out on all fours and blinking away bright light, this man appeared in a very strange form: his beard of matted hair reached 60 centimeters in length. He emerged from his hole into daylight for the first time in eight years of being there.

Norman, at 43, was a traveling salesman when, shortly before Christmas 1974, he got involved in a case that the police regarded as a very serious crime. (When he finally faced trial after his self-imposed imprisonment, all charges against him were dropped.) Enlisting the help of his wife, who explained to friends and neighbors that he had left her alone with the children, Norman decided that the only thing left for him was to sit down. in a tiny corner under the living room of their house. A sofa was placed over his shelter.

At night, Norman received food and drink from his wife and sometimes went out of his basement to his room. But during the day he always remained in hiding. Polina Green later said: “The worst thing was when friends and relatives came to us. I chatted and laughed constantly, always remembering that they were sitting right above Norman's head. It was necessary to destroy all doubts that Norman remained in the house, and I gave away his clothes. He could go outside only at night, when the children were asleep and there were no guests, and put on my dress for this. The hardest moment was when one of our sons said, "Daddy will come back someday with a nice car and a lot of money." I hated a life in which I had to lie all the time. For outside world I was a free, divorced woman. But every time I returned home, I knew that I was going to deceive. I wanted only one thing - to be like all other wives and mothers. I wanted to walk with my husband and children in the park. I envied other wives and endured all this only because I love Norman terribly. I did it for him alone."

Going to the store turned into a real torment for Polina, as she had to be careful not to buy more food than expected without arousing suspicion. Neighbors sympathized with her and, thinking that Norman really abandoned the family, they collected money and clothes for her. Over time, Norman turned into a distant memory, and no one, even in the worst dream, could imagine that he was still alive and always there. Norman had become so accustomed to his role as a "mole man" that it seemed that no one would ever find him.

However, he did not take into account the childish curiosity of little Christian Coates, a neighbor's three-year-old boy. Once, while playing with friends, Christian wandered through open door to the Greens' house and appeared in the living room. Here the frightened little boy saw the carpet on the floor moving by itself. Then the floorboards under the sofa mysteriously creaked. And suddenly a strange hairy figure appeared from the underground. Norman was as surprised as little Christian, who immediately ran away with a roar. This was the only mistake of the “mole man” that led to his exposure.

However, for another three years his hiding place remained undiscovered, because no one believed the stories of the kid, who stubbornly repeated: “I entered the room and saw how the furniture was moving. And then I saw a strange man come out of the underground. He had long hair and a beard. He was terrible."

Christian's parents eventually decided to check out what kind of miracles were happening in a neighboring house. Here is what the boy’s father said: “We began to notice various oddities that suggested that Norman really still lives in his house. Polina went to the shop for cigarettes, although she herself did not smoke. She also sometimes bought beer and made bets at the racetrack (although this is unbelievable, Norman retained his interest in horse racing and followed it with the newspapers his wife bought). At night I wondered if I should report this to the police. But what to tell them? The whole story seemed absolutely incredible.”

Then Christian's mother, also not too sure of the correctness of her guesses, nevertheless notified the police that something incomprehensible was happening in the Greens' house and Norman, perhaps, continued to live there. Three days later, a group of local policemen showed up at the Greens' house, and Norman was removed from his hideout. Then he and, to some extent, his family became the subject of sincere surprise of their friends and neighbors.

Soon, newspapermen attacked Norman and offered to perform for the entertainment of the public in a flood. But he told the astonished world: “I generally liked living down there. I am sure that I could quickly return to the life I have been leading for the past eight years. It's so noisy out here that I sometimes wish I had gotten out here at all."

Wolfgang X., a German colleague of Norman Green, is hiding from the authorities not under the floor, but in the forest, and, perhaps, is still hiding there. Andrei Domashev recently spoke about his amazing fate, informing the readers of the Megapolis Express weekly about how the hero of this unusual story came to a life like this: “He is not able to live in an ordinary room. A couple of days surrounded by a bed, table and chairs - and he runs away to his forest. True, the last time Wolfgang X. from Bendorf was able to hold out in the living quarters for ten whole months. But he had no choice - after all, he was placed in a cage, in a closed psychiatric ward.

And not at all because Wolfgang was considered abnormal. On the contrary, examinations showed that his mental abilities were much above average. And he was placed in the clinic only for the reason that they could not understand why he prefers forest expanses to four comfortable walls.

However, in August he managed to escape from the psychiatric hospital. Locks, bars and enhanced security did not help. Since then, he has been wandering through the caves, and the police are looking for him. However, like all the last 15 years. After all, in order to survive, Wolfgang borrows food from hunting lodges, fishing huts and from burgher summer cottages.

Fifty-year-old Mowgli stole food for 500 thousand marks. The police put him on the list of especially dangerous criminals. If they are caught, they will put them in a psychiatric hospital, and then in prison. The prospect is by no means joyful, so Wolfgang is elusive, like the wind.

The "working day" of a forest man begins at dusk, as during the day he prudently rests. He runs tens of kilometers in search of food and a warm blanket. Never takes money. He disguises his hiding places so skillfully that the soldiers, combing the forest, pass literally a centimeter from his cave, but do not notice anything.

His classmates recall that he loved to disappear into the forest as a six-year-old kid. The thicket began immediately behind the parental house, which stood alone next to the cemetery. The stepfather hated the boy and often beat him with a belt. But even worse, during dinner he was not allowed to sit at the common table. While his mother, stepfather and two half-brothers dined in the room, Wolfgang was only allowed to be in the kitchen. He cried out his childhood sorrows and insults to the trees. It was during his childhood that he built his first huts and caves in which he did school homework.

By the way, Wolfgang causes only sympathy and sympathy among all the inhabitants of Bendorf. No one holds a grudge against him and is not going to help the police in her search. On the contrary, at night people put out food for him in front of the doors of their houses. The robbed citizens also sympathize with him.

“Of course, it’s unpleasant to lose your supplies, but he must eat something,” said the owner of one of the devastated dachas.

Wolfgang is not looking for help from the state in principle. And he also does not want to return to his specialty as a mechanic, although he has been considered unemployed for 15 years. During his last arrest, he declared that he would never contact social services in his life - no matter how hard it was for him. Not so long ago, the German Mowgli left his footprints in the horse yard. There, in the kitchen, he feasted a little - cooked himself pasta with tomato sauce. Fatigue and a feast so exhausted him that after dinner he did not run away, as usual, into the forest, but slept all night in a room under a warm blanket.

Isn't it true that Norman and Wolfgang are rather strange representatives of the human race?

Research topic

Why can't a person live alone?

Relevance of the problem

Man is a social being, and man cannot live without society.

Target

To prove that one person is a rather weak creature.

Tasks

Hypothesis

If people live without contact with each other, without each other's help, society will disappear.

Research stages

1. Studying the literature on this topic.

2. Collecting the necessary information.

3. Conducting a survey.

4. Making the scheme "my humanity"

5. Summing up.

6. Create a presentation.

Object of study

Man among other people.

Methods

1. Studying the literature on this issue.

2. Search.

3. Observation.

4. Practical.

5. Questioning.

Progress

1. Distribution of children into groups.

2. Collection of material on this issue.

3. Discussion of information.

4. Registration of results in the scheme.

5. Presentation of the work.

Question theory

As a result of a long development, humanity gradually reached the modern level. How much time has passed since the time when primitive people appeared, there is no exact answer. But most scientists believe that at least two million years have passed. Primitive society (also prehistoric society) is a period in the history of mankind before the invention of writing, after which it becomes possible historical research based on the study of written sources. The term prehistoric came into use in the 19th century. In a broad sense, the word "prehistoric" is applicable to any period before the invention of writing, starting from the moment the Universe arose (about 14 billion years ago), but in a narrow sense - only to the prehistoric past of man. Usually in the context they give indications of exactly which “prehistoric” period is being discussed, for example, “prehistoric apes of the Miocene” (23–5.5 million years ago) or “Homo sapiens of the Middle Paleolithic” (300–30 thousand years ago). Since, by definition, there are no written sources left by his contemporaries about this period, information about it is obtained based on the data of such sciences as archeology, ethnology, paleontology, biology, geology, anthropology, archaeoastronomy, palynology.

Our most ancient ancestors were very similar to monkeys. Their body was covered with hair, the jaws protruded forward, and the chin was beveled back. Primitive people already walked on two legs. They lived in caves and rock crevices. They heated their dwellings with fires, on which they cooked food.

Scientists believe that the ancestors of the first people were monkeys, which, under the influence of external factors: climate, the struggle for survival, gradually acquired human features. The earliest ape-men lived in warm lands. For example, in East Africa. They appeared there more than 2 million years ago. In another way, they are also called primitive people. These people did not yet know how to talk and communicated with each other using a variety of sounds. Their brains were better developed than those of a monkey, but, of course, not as well developed as those of people of our time. In the fact that people strive for contact and find in it the source of their existence, lies the deep secret of the power of nature, the source of existence. All living things strive for unity. But unity is the source of existence not only of the living. To live together with people in society, a person must limit his desires. Outside of society, human life is impossible. Primitive people could not survive alone and united in groups - human herds. In search of food, they collected edible fruits, herbs, roots, insects, or, as they say, they were engaged in gathering. Society appeared precisely because people could not live on without contact with each other, without the help of each other. One person is a rather weak creature. Wolves, bears, and any other large animal could attack him. This already made people unite, stick together to resist the beast. But the need for people to be together does not end there. All of you, probably, saw hunting of wolves for an elk. One wolf will not overcome a healthy elk, but together - yes. In the same way, people needed to unite in their hunt for an animal.

People earned their livelihood by hunting, which they conducted jointly, and by gathering. Human communities were small, they led a nomadic lifestyle, moving in search of food. But some communities of people who lived in the most favorable conditions began to move towards partial settlement. The most important stage in human development was the invention of language. Instead of the signal language of animals, which contributes to their coordination in hunting, people got the opportunity to express in language the abstract concepts of “stone in general”, “animal in general”. This use of the language led to the ability to teach offspring with words, and not just by example, to plan actions before hunting, and not during it, etc. People did not know metals and the knives, axes, and axes they needed - primitive tools - were made of stone or with a stone. Therefore, the time when they lived is called the Stone Age. The ability to make tools of labor and distinguished, first of all, the most ancient people from animals. One day a man mastered fire. It was truly a great event. People began to cook food on fires, bake meat on coals, which turned out to be tastier and more nutritious than raw meat. A bright fire warmed them on a cold night, dispersed the darkness, scared away wild animals. With the help of fire, primitive people took another important step towards leaving the animal world. Gradually, people mastered the cold countries of Europe and Asia, including the south of present-day Russia. In a more severe northern climate, they needed reliable shelters in case of bad weather, icy winds and frosts. People began to settle in caves or dugouts and huts built by them. They covered the walls of the huts with the skins of large animals, as is done now by some northern peoples. Skins were also the first clothing of man.

In cold climes ancient people could not subsist on food gathering alone. Hunting became the most important occupation. With the development of hunting, the first weapon appeared - a spear - a long pointed stick made of wood. Later, a stone spike was tied to it.

They hunted animals with spears, and for the extraction of large fish they used a bone harpoon - a short spear with a sharp bone tip. The bow and arrow became the next greatest invention of people. It became possible to hit animals and birds from a great distance. Hunting became more successful and easier, people had more food. Approximately 40 thousand years ago, man became the same as people of our time. Scientists call him "reasonable man." “Reasonable people” no longer lived in human herds, but in tribal communities. What does it mean? In the community, all close and distant relatives were considered one family. The custom was one for all, all for one. The dwelling, a fire, stocks of firewood and food, bones and skins of animals were common. At the head of tribal communities were elders - the most experienced and wise old men. Several tribal communities made up a tribe. The tribe was ruled by a council of elders. All the peoples of the Earth in their history have passed the stage of tribal communities. Many dangers awaited our ancestors in life, they saw a lot of incomprehensible, mysterious things around them. Why does lightning flash and thunder rumble? Why is it hot in summer and cold in winter? Why do you have dreams and who commands the herds of animals? People have a belief that in every person, in any object and natural phenomenon, supernatural beings live - the soul and spirits. The soul leaves the human body during sleep. She meets with the souls of other people, and the sleeper dreams about it. Ancient people believed that the souls of ancestors continue to live in a distant “land of the dead”. They believed that the soul of a person can move into an animal or some object, and the spirit of an animal or object - into a person. The person in this case became a "werewolf".

The spirits of animals, objects and phenomena could be good and evil. The most powerful spirits, older than others, people called gods. They began to be addressed with a prayer - a request for good luck in business. And so that the gods would not refuse, various offerings were made to them, gifts - sacrifices. People made images of gods and spirits from various materials in order to pray to them and make sacrifices. Such images are called idols. The beliefs that appeared among primitive people - in witchcraft, in werewolves, in the soul, in life after death, in spirits and gods - are called religious. People believed in a supernatural connection between the animal and its image created by the artist. And if, before the hunt, draw a deer, perform a witchcraft rite, hitting this image with spears, then the hunt will be successful. To this day, drawings of the most ancient artists, amazing in terms of technique, have been preserved in the Altamira cave in Spain and in the Lascaux cave in France. These works of primitive art are from 14 to 17 thousand years old.

Society is a historically developing system consisting of people and their relationships, serving effective tool satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of people. Relationships with other people bring material benefits to a person, which can be divided into two groups. The first is the benefits of joint action: for example, one person cannot move a blocking stone, but two can. By joint efforts, people build canals, erect buildings and much more that one person cannot do. The second group is the benefits of specialization. It is unlikely that the doctor should try to figure out the device of the TV, it is much easier for him to call the master. In turn, the television master is hardly worth treating the disease himself, it is better to use the services of a doctor. Society also plays an important role in the process of meeting the spiritual needs of man. Without other people, a person cannot become a person; he becomes a person in society. Ultimately, self-actualization is about revealing the inner self to others. Indeed, why write poetry if no one will read them, why draw pictures if no one sees them? A person cannot live without society, and therefore not a single person voluntarily interrupted contacts with society.

Questionnaire

1. Do you have a friend? If so, why do you consider him your friend?
2. What character traits, qualities of a friend do you value most of all?
3. Is your friend ready to give up his interests if your affairs, your well-being require it?
4. What transgressions could you forgive a friend?
5. What could you not forgive him for?
6. Do you always tell your friend the truth?
7. Are you always principled in friendship? Can you speak out publicly against a friend if they are wrong?
8. Does friendship help you in life, study?
9. Can friendship make a person better, save him from shortcomings?
10. Friends reveal their secrets to each other, because in their friendship there is such a feeling as ...
11. Friends tell each other everything without hiding anything, because there is a feeling in their friendship….
12. Friends owe... each other.
13. If one person has a misfortune, how can a friend help in this situation?
14. What makes a relationship between friends noble and pure?
15. If your friend is sick, what should you do?

Our results

1. Studied materials on the topic.

2. Collected information.

3. Conducted a survey.

4. We learned that a person is a social being, and without society he cannot exist.

5. Made a diagram.

6. Draw conclusions.

7. Made a presentation of the work.

conclusions

1. For development, a person needs society.

2. Not a single person voluntarily interrupted contact with society.

3. Human development is continuous.

List of resources

Printed editions:

• A. A. Vakhrushev The world. 4th grade. "Man and Humanity". Part 2. - M.: Balass, 2008. - 128 p.
• Journal "Tree of Knowledge"
• Encyclopedia "I know the world"

Internet resources:

Man is not conceivable outside of society. Is it so? It's pretty hard to think about it. After all, in order to think about it, you first need to have an idea of ​​what he is - a person in society and a person outside of it. We all remember the examples of Mowgli very well. When children, by the will of fate, growing up and being brought up far from people, they ceased to resemble people. A child who has spent his childhood among animals is almost impossible to teach ordinary actions. Take a spoon in your hand, walk on your feet. It's hard to imagine, it's sad to look at, but there are such examples.
Of course, seeing all this, you can stop there. To say that without society is impossible. However, I wouldn't be in a hurry. Let's look at it from the other side. People do sometimes separate themselves from society. Most often for the sake of ideas, philosophy, because of self-sufficiency.
Here is a story that took place during World War II, when a Japanese sabotage group of soldiers was landed on one of the islands Pacific Ocean. Living there in a sense of war, they completely lost their sense of reality. War is over. But the soldiers did not believe it. It took about 40 years to convince them with great difficulty that peace had come. After all, their sense of duty to what they fought for was great. That is why they lived outside of society. There is nothing especially negative in this example. People returned to life, they did not lose their human face.
Now let's think about outstanding mathematics Perelman, who was the first to prove the Poincaré conjecture. Refused several awards awarded to him. He is famous for the asceticism of his life. Lives separated from society and the press. Is this not an example of the fact that it is quite possible to live without people? His outstanding discoveries, his work - isn't this proof? And the people surrounding, awarding or condemning, only admire him and discuss him, after all, from the positive side. And for Perelman, mathematics was the main thing. He is self-sufficient. I think it's visible.
It is worth remembering the desert fathers. These are Christian monks, hermits and ascetics from the period of the emergence of monasticism in the 4th-5th centuries. So they call mainly Egyptian ascetics who lived in the Skete desert. The sayings of the Desert Fathers were included in numerous collections (Paterik of Skitsky, Sayings of the Fathers, Book of Holy Men), known since the 6th century. They lived in secluded and deserted areas, avoiding any communication with others as much as possible. Such a movement arose already in the 2nd century and, initially, was caused by the persecution of the first Christians. Then a theological justification appeared that such asceticism is an imitation of the life of John the Baptist in the desert and the forty-day fast of Jesus Christ during his temptation in the desert, the desire for spiritual exploits came to the fore in hermitage. They lived away from society. But people are now turning to their sayings, thoughts, reflections. A lot of people.
Remembering all this, I suddenly involuntarily thought. Or maybe a person who deliberately separated from society is a person? After all, society a priori suppresses individuality. It lives quickly, not letting you think. It breaks and paints its members in a gray inconspicuous color. Man lives as a man when he thinks. Sometimes, in order to think, it is even useful for a person to live without people.