Causes of stress in modern society and its impact on the human body. Depression and stress - the problems of modern man Stress in the modern world is a necessity or inevitability

Stress is the state of an individual in extreme conditions at the physiological, psychological and behavioral levels. Depending on the type of stressor and the nature of its influence, several types of stress are distinguished. One of the classifications distinguishes physiological and psychological stresses, the latter are divided into informational and emotional. Physiological stress occurs under the influence of physiological stressors, such as increased temperature. Information stress occurs in situations of information overload, when a person does not cope with the task, does not have time to make the right decisions at the required pace, with a high degree of responsibility for the consequences of the decisions made. It seems to me that this type of stress is especially relevant in modern world where most people strive to build a successful career and occupy responsible positions. Emotional stress manifests itself in situations of threat, danger, resentment, etc. At the same time, its various forms lead to changes in the course of mental processes, emotional shifts, transformation of the motivational structure of activity, and violations of motor and speech behavior. All of these types of stress can have both a positive mobilizing effect on the vital activity of the organism, and a negative one.

Today, the point of view is extremely widespread, according to which stress is a rare and striking phenomenon in the life of ordinary people. G. Selye's opinion on this matter is extremely different. He believes that a person, even in a state of complete relaxation, as it seems to him, is under stress. The circulatory, respiratory, nervous and digestive systems are constantly working. The complete absence of stress would mean death. However, the level of physiological stress is lowest during periods of rest and relaxation, although it is never absolute zero. Emotional arousal of any direction is accompanied by an increase in the degree of physiological stress.

Summing up the intermediate results, I would like to say that the features of stress are quite diverse: there are several types of stress, depending on the type of stressor and consequences. Stress also has three phases of its course. And, finally, stress is a fairly common phenomenon in the life of any person, regardless of the type of activity, social status and age. If psychological stress a person can still somehow avoid, then physiological stress is not subject to him.

Obviously, a person cannot completely protect and protect himself from stress, which is an integral companion of a person and all animals throughout their life. It is now quite common to believe that stress can and should be avoided.

The Importance of Stress in the Modern World

In the modern world, there is a fairly wide propaganda of the idea that stress causes an exclusively destructive effect on a person, contributing to the development of various mental disorders and general deterioration of the body. Perhaps, to some extent, this is indeed true, and I will not refute it. However, I am convinced that stress can also have a positive effect, and further I will try to prove my point.

First, I think it's stupid to attribute any polarity to anything. I don't think you can definitely call something good and something bad. It seems to me that everything is relative, even those things that at first glance seem to be exclusively negative and negative, can find some positive aspects in themselves. Let me explain with an example. Let's say a person is fired from a job. Of course, at first glance it seems that this is an extremely negative event in the life of anyone, because a person has lost a source of livelihood, as well as the ability to work and fulfill himself. However, this situation forces a person to mobilize all his strength and opportunities for entering another job, which, perhaps, is more promising and highly paid. If a person had not been fired, he, most likely, due to his habit of stability, would not have decided to change jobs. Although another outcome is possible. For example, a person could not find a job and fell into depression. Then, of course, the whole series of these events is negative. However, it is not in vain that they say: "He who seeks will always find." I think that a person's ability to find a new job in a given situation depends solely on his personal qualities and perseverance. Thus, I believe that what impact certain events have on us depends only on our perception and attitude towards them, as well as on our behavior in a given situation. The result of all the above can be my point of view, according to which any event or phenomenon, including stress, is of a dual nature. It is impossible to unequivocally call something good, and something bad.

Secondly, it seems to me that it is stupid in itself to give a negative meaning to a phenomenon that takes place in the life of any person and which is inevitable. After all, it would never occur to anyone to say that hair growth or breathing, for example, is bad. I think the same goes for stress. After all, stress, at least at the physiological level, accompanies a person throughout his life, like the growth of hair or nails.

Thirdly, even if stress is negative, its overall global impact on the body, in my opinion, is still positive. After all, a person who has not known misfortune cannot be truly happy. Likewise with stress. Stress gives color to our lives. Illnesses are replaced by periods of health, tears are replaced by laughter, and hard daily work is replaced by rest. It is this contrast that gives us a real opportunity to feel the taste of life, because "everything is known in comparison." Stress gives a person the opportunity to enjoy moments of stability and harmony, to appreciate them, which, in my opinion, is especially important in the modern world, when life takes on a frantic pace, when people are often deprived of a free minute just to think about their life, when a person cares only its monetary stability.

Summing up, I would like to say that stress affects the human body at the physiological, psychological and behavioral levels, which, it seems to me, can affect a person's life in two ways, both positively and negatively. Of course, each person is individual, each perceives this or that event in a special, subjective way. However, stress gives any of us the opportunity to taste life through comparison and acceptance of all unexpected twists of fate. But to take this opportunity or complain about life, it's up to us to decide. I hope I have been able to show that stress can have significant positive and positive effects as well as negative ones.

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1 NovaInfo.Ru - 46, 2016 Psychological sciences 1 THE PROBLEM OF STRESS IN THE MODERN WORLD Shafranova Anna Viktorovna Stress, as you know, in the modern world affects each of us without exception. Since a person in worldly turmoil is not able to withstand the tension, which is expressed in special situations of life, caused by a variety of reasons in nature. What exactly is stress in scientific terms? Stress is a common and common occurrence. We all experience it from time to time, maybe as a feeling of emptiness in the back of the stomach when we stand up to introduce ourselves in class, or as increased irritability or insomnia during an exam session. Minor stresses are inevitable and harmless. It is excessive stress that creates problems for individuals and organizations. Any event, fact or message can cause stress, i.e. become a stressor. Stressors can be a variety of factors: microbes and viruses, various poisons, high or low temperatures. environment, trauma, etc. But it turns out that any emotiogenic factors can be the same stressors, i.e. factors affecting the emotional sphere of a person. This is all that can excite us, misfortune, a rude word, an undeserved insult, a sudden obstacle to our actions or aspirations. Stressful situations arise both at home and at work. From a management perspective, the most interesting are the organizational factors that cause stress in the workplace. Knowing these factors and paying attention to them special attention will help prevent many stressful situations and increase the efficiency of managerial work, as well as achieve the goals of the organization with minimal psychological and physiological losses of personnel. After all, stress is the cause of many diseases, which means it causes significant harm to human health, while health is one of the conditions for success in any activity. How to identify stress? Signs of stress Inability to concentrate on something. Too much common mistakes at work. Memory worsens. Too often there is a feeling of fatigue. Very fast speech. Thoughts often fly away. Quite often there are pains (head, back, stomach area). Increased excitability. Work does not bring the former joy. Loss of sense of humor. The number of cigarettes smoked is increasing sharply.

2 NovaInfo.Ru - 46, 2016 Psychological sciences 2 Addiction to alcoholic beverages. Appetite is lost, the taste for food is generally lost. Inability to finish work on time. Causes of stressful tension Much more often you have to do not what you would like, but what you need, what is your responsibility. You constantly do not have enough time - you do not have time to do anything. Something or someone pushes you, you are constantly in a hurry somewhere. It begins to seem to you that everyone around you is squeezed in the grip of some kind of internal tension. You want to sleep all the time and can't sleep. You see too many dreams, especially when you are very tired during the day. You smoke a lot. Drinking more alcohol than usual. At home, in the family, at work, you have constant conflicts. You constantly feel dissatisfied with life. You get into debt without even knowing how to pay it off. You have an inferiority complex. You have no one to talk to about your problems, and there is no particular desire. You do not feel respect for yourself either at home or at work. Stress is an integral part human existence, you just need to learn to distinguish between an acceptable degree of stress and too much stress. Research shows that physiological signs of stress include ulcers, migraines, hypertension, back pain, arthritis, asthma, and heart pain. Psychological manifestations include irritability, loss of appetite, depression and decreased interest in interpersonal and sexual relationships, etc. So, the causes of stress are countless and there is only one way to get out of stress: not to think and worry about what happened, but to think about about what needs to be done in order to resolve the situation, about what to do next. This is a very correct position, here you do not lose your vitality, endlessly “chewing” an unpleasant event. What happened has already happened, and we cannot change it, we can only look ahead, get A New Look for life and always learn to get out of difficult situations as a winner. 10 secrets to dealing with stress Secret 1. The belief that the situation is under control No one is immune from sudden (pleasant or not) events that entail changes in the usual way of life. But, by and large, only we are responsible for our own schedule. Other people and external circumstances in most cases do not decide anything. A sense of control over what is happening is what is needed for peace of mind.

3 NovaInfo.Ru - 46, 2016 Psychological sciences 3 Do you think that someone else controls your life? Then you are guaranteed stress. Of course, if you have authoritarian parents, a stubborn friend of the heart, or an unbalanced boss, it's hard to consider yourself the blacksmith of your own happiness. Try to avoid being the victim. Learn to find time for yourself every day. You can't change other people, but planning your own day is real. Secret 2. Optimism... Everyone knows the joke that the same glass of water can be half empty for a pessimist and half full for an optimist. The choice of a calm and happy woman is obvious: a positive outlook on things. It is given to someone by nature, and someone has to form it. The situation develops in our favor if we do everything that we consider necessary. So why do we let fear of potential failure take precedence over hope for the best? And the fear of failure breeds stress. Secret 3...and at the same time realism It is very useful to repeat to yourself that everything will be fine. But muttering this while closing your eyes and heading straight for the sewer is unwise. Alas, blind optimism is not a panacea. Sometimes it is better to accept the circumstances and patiently wait out an unfavorable situation. This does not mean at all that those who are avoided by stress do not want and do not know how to dream. Nothing like this! They do it "professionally": they develop plans of action and can laugh at the naivety of their own delusions. It's also true that these people, once they set out to implement Plan A, always have a back-up Plan B in mind. Secret 4. The ability to see the whole picture If you want to get rid of stress, don't worry about the little things. The problem, from which there will be no trace in a couple of months, is simply not worth your nerves. We must learn to prioritize, including emotional ones. Always try to evaluate the upcoming day in the morning and choose the most important things to do. Whenever something gets in your way, ask yourself, “Am I making good use of my time?” Answered “No”, postpone the solution of the problem until better times, having previously assessed its scale. For example, if a friend calls you in the middle of work, politely tell her that it's better to talk in more convenient time. But if a friend has something very important, a real misfortune or, conversely, a joyful event, then the conversation can turn out to be really very significant. Secret 5. Do not promise anything extra Often we provide ourselves with stress. One of the common mistakes is telling people what they want to hear and not what is within your capacity. So much can be promised that it is simply impossible to fulfill all this.

4 NovaInfo.Ru - 46, 2016 Psychological sciences 4 You can't cope with the declared volume, and the stress doubles because you let people down. The solution is simple: learn to promise less than you can deliver. You will see, your friends will be delighted if you, albeit late, arrive at the party because you said that you would not have time at all. Your boss will be pleased if you finish the report a day earlier instead of a week later. Secret 6. Contact with people Hundreds of psychological studies show that as a result of communication, provided that the parties are benevolent, the heart rate stabilizes and blood pressure decreases, which means that people become calmer. Therefore, maintain good relations with others. And at the same time, do not always be just a vest in which everyone is crying, look for support yourself when you feel bad. Secret 7. Improving health Stress caused by any disease can be quite strong and at the same time acts on the sly. Do not underestimate the small malfunctions in the functioning of your body, promising yourself to take care of them as soon as the "hard times" are over. The rules for dealing with depression include support and nourishment of the nervous system. Selenium, as well as antioxidants and B vitamins, make a good addition to any vitamin complex, especially if you are having a stressful period. But they, of course, will not replace the two main components healthy life without stress - sleep and proper nutrition. Secret 8. Protect your energy Protect your energy from external intrusions. We are surrounded by energy "black holes": those who are always annoyed and dissatisfied with life find no better thing to do than try to drag you into their mournful world. You know these people well. Stay away from energy vampires, but if collisions cannot be avoided, then try to isolate yourself from their negative influence. If you even mentally erect a protection of white radiance around you, you will lose less strength. And maybe even charge the unfortunate "vampire" with your positive energy. Secret 9. Flexibility If you want to achieve certain results, change everything and even your own behavior. Flexibility is a very important trait to deal with stress. For example, if you can't argue with your colleague, although you are sure that you are right, try listening to his arguments for a change. Firstly, they probably have common sense, and secondly, by following the course of your opponent’s thoughts, you will understand where he made a mistake, and it will be easier for you to direct his reasoning in the right direction. And thirdly, when you listen, they try to listen to you. Secret 10. "Look far ahead!" Whatever happens, don't take anything personally and don't look for your own fault. Instead of

5 NovaInfo.Ru - 46, 2016 Psychological sciences 5 In order to engage in self-flagellation, try to learn a lesson from the difficult situation in which you find yourself. Do not give up and ask yourself: “Why did this happen right now? What can I do to turn everything in my favor? You may not find answers to these questions in the near future. But the fact that your thoughts are positive provides you with a stress-free future. References 1. Aliyev Kh.M., The key method in the fight against stress [Text]: textbook / Kh.M. Aliev, - Rostov-n / D .: Phoenix, 2013 320 p. 2. Igebaeva F.A., Gumerova L.U. Overcoming stress as a condition for the stability of society. In the collection: Socio-economic aspects of the development of the modern state. materials of the IV International scientific and practical conference with Igebaeva F.A. Syndrome of professional personality deformation. 4. In the collection: society in an era of change: the formation of new socio-economic relations materials of the VII International scientific and practical conference with Igebaeva F.A. The value of the socio-psychological factor in the development of agro-industrial complex.// Problems and prospects for sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. Materials of the scientific-practical conference. Saratov, S Borozdina G.V. Psychology and ethics business communication: Textbook for bachelors. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, p. 7. Igebaeva F.A. The problem of mobbing and professional career // Study of the innovative potential of society and the formation of directions for its strategic development. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference; VOLUME 1., in 2 volumes. Kursk, S. Igebaeva F.A. Workaholism and burnout syndrome // Theoretical and applied problems of science and education in the 21st century. Sat. scientific papers on the materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Part 8. Tambov: Publishing House of TROO "Business-Science-Society", S Morozov A.V. Business psychology. Textbook for higher and secondary special educational institutions. St. Petersburg: Soyuz Publishing House, p. 10. Igebaeva F.A. Business Communications: Workshop. Ufa: Bashkir State Agrarian University, p. 11. Igebaeva F.A. The art of managing people is the most difficult and highest of all the arts in the collection: Science, technology and life proceedings of the international scientific conference. editors v.a. iljuhina, v.i. zhukovskij, n.p. ketova, a.m. gazaliev, g.s.mal" with Igebaeva F.A. The influence of the socio-psychological factor on the creation favorable climate a team. In the collection: Modern scientific knowledge: theory, methodology, practice Collection scientific papers Based on the materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference in 3 parts. OOO "NOVALENSO" S

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Introduction………………………………………………………………….……3

1. General concepts of stress………………………………………………………..4

1.1 The concept of stress…………………………………………………………...4

1.2. Causes and consequences of stress……………………………….………..8

1.3. Methods of dealing with stress……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...15

References…………………………………………………………..17

Introduction

The word "stress" has acquired a pronounced negative meaning in everyday life. Stress is not only natural, but also an absolutely normal reaction of the human body and psyche to difficult circumstances, therefore, its complete absence is like death.

These circumstances force management to deeply analyze the causes of stress among employees and develop measures to reduce its impact.

Therefore, the relevance of my term paper titled "Stress Management" is determined by the fact that it summed up the results of research on stress.

The subject of the course work is the concept of stress.

The object is the process of responding to adverse external conditions, which unfolds over time in three stages.

The purpose of the course work is to find out the importance of stress in modern society, its influence on a person in various spheres of life.

Objectives of the course work:

1. Describe the main terms associated with the concept of "Stress".

2. Analyze the causes and consequences of stress in workers.

3. Develop measures to regulate the level of stress.

4. Learn methods of dealing with stress.

5. Analyze the problem of stress and ways to solve this problem using the example of a specific educational institution.

1. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF STRESS

1.1 The concept of stress

Stress (from the English "stress" - tension) is a non-specific (general) reaction of the body to very strong impact, whether physical or psychological, as well as the corresponding state of the nervous system of the body (or the body as a whole). The nervous and immune systems are especially affected by stress. In a stressed state, people are more likely to become victims of infection, since the production of immune cells drops markedly during a period of physical or mental stress.

Among the most important concepts that entered science and everyday vocabulary in the 20th century, such as nuclear energy, the genome, the computer and the Internet, the word “stress” can also be attributed. The discovery of this phenomenon is associated with the name of the outstanding Canadian researcher Hans Selye.

While still a medical student, G. Selye drew attention to the fact that the symptoms of many diseases fall into two parts, as it were, specific, characteristic of a given disease, and nonspecific, the same for various diseases. So, in almost all diseases, a temperature appears, there is a loss of appetite, weakness.

Later, having engaged in scientific research in the field of physiology, G. Selye began to study the most common physiological reactions, which are a generalized reaction of the body to a strong external influence. He found that in response to it, the body mobilizes its forces, if necessary, includes reserves, trying to adapt to the action of adverse factors and resist them. G. Selye called this adaptive reaction of the body to external influences the general adaptation syndrome, or stress. The adaptation syndrome was named because, according to the scientist, it led to the stimulation of the body's capabilities for protection in order to deal with adverse effects, stressors. The indication that this reaction is a syndrome emphasizes that it affects different organs or even the organism as a whole, manifesting itself in a complex reaction.

The process of responding to adverse external conditions unfolds over time.

Three stages of stress have been identified:

Anxiety, during which, in response to the action of an unfavorable factor, the body is mobilized;

Resistance, when due to the mobilization of the body's capabilities, adaptation to a stressor occurs.

Exhaustion - the stage that occurs if the stressor is strong and lasts a long time, when the body's forces are depleted and the level of resistance falls below the usual level.

Each stage is characterized by corresponding changes in neuroendocrine functioning. In medicine, physiology, psychology, positive (Eustress) and negative (Distress) forms of stress are distinguished. Possible neuropsychic, thermal or cold, light, anthropogenic and other stresses, as well as other forms.

Eustress. The concept has two meanings - "stress caused by positive emotions"and" mild stress, mobilizing the body.

Distress. A negative type of stress that the human body is unable to cope with. It destroys a person's moral health and can even lead to severe mental illness.

Symptoms of Distress:

1. Headache;

2. Loss of strength; reluctance to do anything.

3. Loss of faith in the improvement of the situation in the future;

4. Excited state, desire to take risks;

5. Absent-mindedness, memory impairment;

6. Unwillingness to think over and analyze the situation that led to the stressful state;

7. Changeable mood; fatigue, lethargy.

What can be a source of stress:

1. Psychological trauma or crisis situation (loss of loved ones, parting with a loved one)

2. Minor daily troubles;

3. Conflicts or communication with not nice people;

4. Obstacles that prevent you from achieving your goals;

5. Feeling of constant pressure;

6. Unfulfilled dreams or too high demands on yourself;

8. Monotonous work;

9. Constant accusation, reproach to yourself that you have not achieved something or missed something;

10. Blaming yourself for everything bad that happened, even if it happened through no fault of yours;

12. Financial difficulties;

13. Strong positive emotions;

14. Quarrels with people and especially with relatives (observation of quarrels in the family can also lead to stress.);

Risk group:

1. Women, as they are more emotional than men;

2. The elderly and children;

3. People with low self-esteem;

4. Extroverts;

5. Neurotics;

6. People who abuse alcohol;

7. People with a genetic predisposition to stress.

The results of studies on stress conducted in the United States show that the annual costs associated with its consequences - absenteeism (unreasonable absence from work), reduced productivity, increased costs of health insurance, amount to a huge amount - about 300 billion dollars. Moreover, they are constantly growing.

This and many other examples show that stress can not only be dangerous for each individual, but also have a devastating effect on the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, the study of stress and its causes, as well as its consequences, is an important problem of organizational behavior.

The word "stress" has acquired a pronounced negative meaning in everyday life. However, G. Selye repeatedly emphasized that stress is not only a natural, but also an absolutely normal reaction of the human body and psyche to difficult circumstances, therefore, its complete absence is like death. The negative consequences are not the stress itself, but the reactions associated with it. Therefore, when organizing work to reduce the influence of factors that can cause stress, it should be taken into account that not only high, but also too low stress levels lead to a decrease in productivity.

These circumstances force management to deeply analyze the causes of stress among employees and develop measures to regulate its level.

1.2 Causes and effects of stress

Most people daily face the influence of a large number of various adverse factors, the so-called stressors. If you're late for work, lost money, or got a low grade on an exam, all of these will have a greater or lesser impact on you. Such events undermine the strength of a person and make him more vulnerable.

Factors and conditions that can cause stress have been repeatedly studied. The occurrence of stress can be associated with working conditions (air temperature, noise, vibration, odors, etc.), as well as with psychological factors, personal experiences (ambiguity of goals, lack of prospects, uncertainty in tomorrow). Important stress factors can be poor interpersonal relationships with colleagues - sharp and frequent conflicts, lack of group cohesion, a sense of isolation, the position of an outcast, the lack of support from members of the group, especially in difficult and problematic situations.

With all the variety of factors that can cause stress, it should be remembered that they do not act on their own, but depend on how a person relates to the circumstances in which he finds himself, that is, the presence of factors that cause stress does not mean that he is necessarily will arise.

Many studies have shown that often small, insignificant events cause more stress than serious accidents. This is explained by the fact that a person prepares for major events in one way or another, therefore he endures them more easily, while small, everyday irritating factors deplete him and make him vulnerable.

In modern society, a person experiences more and more psycho-emotional stress due to the increasing complexities of social life. The requirements of the social environment, the contradictions between society and the individual, interpersonal conflicts reach sometimes dramatic acuity. Absence normal conditions for work and leisure or their low quality create a favorable environment for various stressful situations.
Stress (from the English stress - tension) - a state of tension that occurs in a person under the influence of various adverse factors. Under stress in the human body, in response to a negative external influence, protective physiological reactions occur.
The principle diagram of stress is shown in fig. 11.7.
Among the causes of stress are not only an unhealthy lifestyle and the inability to properly allocate your time. Often stress arises due to an unfavorable psychological atmosphere at work, difficult relationships with colleagues, especially with superiors. For example, an insufficiently clear description of the work or instructions of the manager, not enough time for the quality performance of the task can have a stressful effect. Also, the cause of stress can be the lack of reward or gratitude for the good performance of work. Finally, uncertainty about the future, stability in work and personal life - all this, of course, takes many people out of balance. / Everyone is used to the concept of “stress”, forgetting that it means not just a state of fatigue, but rather serious changes in the human body. Disorders associated with stress develop, as a rule, in people whose work is associated not so much with physical as with psycho-emotional overload.
human needs
positive result
Response to needs
Negative result
Stress
The effects of stress
Rice. 11.7. Concept of stress
The onset of stress is indicated by constant fatigue, irritability, melancholy or frequent mood swings for minor reasons, depression. Work that used to be done easily and with interest causes fatigue, boredom and irritation. It is difficult to concentrate, memory fails, absent-mindedness appears. Not all people are aware of what is happening to them. More less people make the necessary efforts to change the existing situation.
There are four main types of incorrect response to stress.
Inaction. The one who makes this mistake can enjoy his condition by complaining to others. These people feel like innocent victims but don't want to do anything personally to make a difference.
Depression (from Latin depressio - suppression). Its victims are characterized by a sense of doom. They lose self-respect, become helpless, withdraw from real life. Being in a depressed, depressed state, people experience constant fatigue, they blame themselves for everything that happens.
Negation. A person tries not to lose courage, pretending that everything is fine and there is no reason to lose heart. Without recognizing the seriousness of the situation, such people often turn emotional problems into physical symptoms.
Disturbance. People who are indignant because of stress blame others for everything that happens. They don't want to take any responsibility.
Many victims of stress seem to understand that they need to take care of themselves, but due to lack of time they constantly put it off. As a rule, people do not pay due attention to * increased fatigue or a worsened memory, and in the meantime, the state of health is getting worse. Anxiety begins to cause more formidable symptoms, already talking about long-term and chronic stress. And if at first a person can quite cope with stress on his own, then only a specialist will be able to change the situation.
v To deal with stress, you must first realize how serious its consequences can be. This struggle requires some effort and time. A natural step when signs of stress appear is to change the environment, rest and recuperate. However, it must be clearly understood that returning to the previous environment will not change the situation, and it is precisely this that needs to be changed. First of all, it is necessary to analyze how the working day is structured. It must be remembered that monotonous work without a break will actually be much less effective than one in which a person from time to time gives himself a break and takes up the matter with renewed vigor.
* Recipes for stress are widely known: sports, massage, communication with nice people and, finally, family. However, all this requires some effort and, most importantly, faith. Finally, don't forget
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It can be said that the meaning of life does not come down to work, that in addition to work there are a lot of interesting things in life: theaters, museums, nature, etc. However, if it comes to long-term and chronic stress, then you can’t do without the help of a specialist.
stress is necessary condition life, and its complete elimination is as unrealistic as it is harmful. Although human resistance to stress is high, it is, however, far from limitless. That's why topical issue manager is to regulate the level of permissible physical and emotional stress in the team.
The problem of work rush at work, which contributes to the emergence of stress, deserves special attention. Avral (from English over - to the top and all - everything) - the mobilization of a team of employees to perform urgent work. This is nothing but a factor that releases the hidden resources of a person. With an emergency, a person is placed in such conditions under which he cannot fail to do something. It is in this environment that the potential physical and intellectual capabilities of a person are manifested. However, overvoltage does not always contribute to high-quality work. And it's not just ordinary fatigue; not all people are adapted to work in extreme conditions.
According to experts, according to their attitude to work in a stressful environment, people are divided into three main types:
powerless. At the slightest sign of tension, they become helpless and their behavior only irritates those around them;
restless. People of this type begin to fuss around to no avail, grab onto everything, immediately abandon the work they have begun, and at the same time they are terribly nervous;
cold-blooded. Such people are ideal for emergency work, because stress mobilizes their will, makes them make quick decisions and act. But even these workers cannot work in the mode of such overvoltage all the time. An unplanned mode of work is fraught with the appearance of stress and, as a result, depression and physical exhaustion of people.
In conditions when the work must still be completed, the manager must actively motivate his subordinates. For each of the types of people listed above, it is necessary to choose the appropriate variant of motivation: success, money, fame, etc.
Summary of the chapter
Conflicts are an objective reality, since the source of conflicts are people endowed with a significant variety of needs, life goals and habits that they seek to implement.

Exist different kinds conflict situations that require appropriate efforts from the manager to prevent and eliminate them.
There is a certain relationship between conflicts and stress.
The manager needs to distinguish between positive and negative stress, know the methods of stress relief and be able to prevent stressful situations.
Control questions and tasks
What is the nature of conflicts?
Briefly describe the main types of conflicts.
What is the essence of conflict management?
Why is conflict prevention work important for a manager?
What is stress? What is its essence?
What are the methods of stress relief?
Describe the main ways to prevent stressful situations.

Consider the main causes of stress. The study of the symptoms with which the state of stress manifests itself. Establishing the impact of stress on health. Determination of the main ways to deal with stress. Analysis of psycho-emotional overstrain.

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Stress is the main problem of the modern world!

According to statistics, 3/4 of the country's population is constantly under stress, and the remaining 1/4 is in a severe stress state. Small stresses that occur during the day cannot be avoided, but they cannot do much harm or reduce performance.

Excessive stress adversely affects a person's health. In medical practice, its mechanisms are defined as an unfavorable physiological and psycho-emotional reaction of the body to external extreme factors that are perceived as a threat to its usual way of life and well-being.

The main causes of stress:

Great emotional stress that we experience every day, negative information, tense work environment can cause a feeling of discomfort. Their influence on the human body is expressed in constant nervous tension, which in turn will cause depression or an aggressive state, frustration. Each person reacts differently to stress, but at the same time, each of us feels depressed and unhappy at this moment. And the causes of stress can be connected with specific people who are trying to control you, put pressure on you, thus trying to raise their self-esteem, routine hateful work, constant quarrels with relatives who are not satisfied with your lifestyle.

If the situation you find yourself in “poisons” your life, a psychologist may even advise you to decide on drastic changes - change jobs, leave your family, or leave a person with whom you can’t solve problems. Permanent loads on nervous system can not only interfere with a full life, but also cause a number of both mental and physical diseases that will further complicate life.

Types of stress and their classification

Too much fast beat life is the first and main cause of stress, which can be very difficult to deal with. We ourselves load ourselves daily with a lot of things, we get too much information, which also leads to emotional overload, and we believe that we will always have time to relax. But the price for such a dismissive attitude towards oneself becomes chronic fatigue, insomnia and irritation. Some people say at the same time that it seems to them that life is passing them by. They are no longer happy with anything, sleep does not bring rest and there is neither the strength nor the desire to do or change something.

The state of stress is manifested by the following symptoms:

even the slightest difficulty causes an inadequate reaction;

mood often changes, and increased excitability is accompanied by either irritation or laughter for no reason, which ends in tears;

activity or performance decreases and the person is unable to cope with daily activities, doing less and less and through force;

behavior becomes uncontrollable and the person often argues, becomes very critical;

taste preferences change;

disturbed sleep and appetite, which either decreases or becomes excessive;

there is a craving for alcohol, a feeling of self-pity, despondency and blues;

control over the situation is lost and violations occur in the work of sexual function;

weakened work immune system and the person is often sick;

pain in the stomach;

headache often;

peptic ulcer may appear;

all symptoms are explained by a complex situation that cannot be resolved and no attempt is made to change.

Eustress is classified as an emotional state caused by positive emotions, new and interesting plans, the desire to take "new heights" in work, changes in personal life, and the anticipation of something good! It mobilizes all the forces of a person, helps to quickly solve tasks and is characterized as "vigor or awakening reaction." Such adrenaline rushes increase the efficiency of life, increase the pleasure of it and support us!

In contrast to it, distress has a negative effect on a person, and stress of this type can be of the following classifications: nervous, short-term or chronic, psychological or physiological. This type of stress can be either sudden, caused by a serious situation of danger, threat or loss, or "accumulative", with constant negative impact.

The nervous type of stress is the body's reaction to an excessive or constant state of nervous tension. And here, great importance has a peculiarity of the human nervous system, its tendency to neurosis, increased anxiety.

Short-term stress is caused by the instinct of self-preservation, in cases where there is a danger to health or life. It passes just as quickly, and does not pose any threats.

Chronic distress is considered one of the most dangerous. A person gets used to constant stress on the nervous system and does not pay attention to his condition, believing that he has adapted to it. But any word or action that can hurt him leads to a nervous breakdown, prolonged depression, and even suicide.

Psychological stress is always associated with emotions and its cause can be both real and illusory. Even if there are no reasons for stress, it can manifest itself in the form of strong emotions and experiences.

Physiological stress is caused by external factors - extreme cold or heat, diet, hunger or thirst. Many women who diet are often unaware of the stress they are putting on their body and the harm they are doing to themselves, because when their diet goes out, the stressed body has to go through a period of adaptation in order to work again in the usual mode.

Some people don't like boredom and enjoy the feeling of danger when driving at high speed, skydiving, or sailing on a yacht in stormy weather. But things and situations that are pleasant to some people are completely unacceptable to others.

In many ways, the roots of problems and poor adaptation of a person in social environment, are in the traditions of the family, the features of education. Indeed, in some families, the parents of a child may consider that it is indecent to show their emotions, while in others it is a way by which other people are being manipulated. In one family, even checking lessons and reproaches can cause a neurotic state in a child, and in another, despite the difficulties, he will always receive the support of his relatives. The level of stress resistance is laid in a person from childhood. The impact of stress on human health

Psycho-emotional overstrain, in a person with any diseases, can provoke their sharp exacerbation. And in a patient with hypertension, cause a hypertensive crisis and lead to complications, stroke or stroke. Cardiac and vascular diseases and their unfavorable outcome can be caused by aggressiveness, depression, tense atmosphere at work and at home, increased demands of other people on a person or even on oneself, lack of material and moral rewards. Many people believe that all diseases are caused by stress. And the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates noted: "There is no such disease of the body that would be separate from the soul." Many of the problems that patients complain about are almost 90% related to the stress they experienced. It can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from migraines and insomnia to high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Strong nervous stress, within a few days leads to the formation of a stomach ulcer! It can also lead not only to physical, but also to psycho-emotional problems - neuroses and nervous breakdowns, loss of strength and emotional instability, memory impairment, pains of various localizations. Stressed people often get sick, catch colds and their immunity is always weakened. It can also cause allergies, skin diseases.

According to research by scientists, it was found that during stress, the central nervous system is activated, which in turn gives a signal to the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and adrenal glands to start producing hormones in an enhanced mode. A large number of hormones, with low mobility, circulating in the blood have Negative influence both internal organs and the nervous system. And this leads to a strong heartbeat, vasoconstriction, circulatory disorders. The fact was also noted that people living in constant stress and depression have a reduced level of leukocytes - the main defenders of the body!

Ways to deal with stress

The impact of stress on health is a serious reason to think about how to learn to recognize the danger of such situations, and learn how to properly respond to them. And if you often begin to feel tension, frustration, anger, or irritation caused by difficult family relationships, a visit from a relative, or a move, then first of all you should think about whether you can change the situation or look at it from a different perspective? The list of stress-related problems can be overwhelming. How to deal with stress? It is impossible to get rid of him, as well as from his influence. Therefore, psychotherapists advise using all the forces of the body, using such ways out of the situation as:

keeping a diary that will help analyze the whole situation, evaluating everything from the outside;

meditative practices, auto-training, relaxation;

art therapy - drawing your problems, with their subsequent destruction. psycho-emotional overstrain stress symptom

Thus, the brain gets rid of unnecessary stress, emotions and unnecessary worries. A good remedy for stress will be manual therapy, dousing with cold water, hydromassage and contrast showers, physical exercises, breathing exercises, and of course - a smile! Smiling, even in the most difficult situations, we give rest to our muscles, causing a feeling of joy, and reducing the stress hormone! Such therapy helps even in the most difficult cases!

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The Importance of Stress in the Modern World

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Consider the main causes of stress. The study of the symptoms with which the state of stress manifests itself. Establishing the impact of stress on health. Determination of the main ways to deal with stress. Analysis of psycho-emotional overstrain.

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