Works on the theme of man and society arguments. The problem of man and society in Russian literature of the 19th century. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

FIPI commentary on the direction "Man and Society" :
"For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely forms a person, but a person can also influence society. The topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different angles: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict.It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person.Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization. "

Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction "Man and Society". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the titles listed. You may have already read a lot. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if there is a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Take it as a guide in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table shows only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot bring completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate exactly how, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a final essay)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

Direction	Approximate list of literary works	Carriers of the problem
Human and society	A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"	Chatsky challenges the Famus society
	A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"	Eugene Onegin, Tatyana Larina- representatives of a secular society - become hostages of the laws of this society.
	M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"	Pechorin- a reflection of all the vices of the younger generation of his time.
	I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"	Oblomov, Stolz- representatives of two types generated by society. Oblomov is a product of a passing era, Stolz is a new type.
	A. N. Ostrovsky. "Storm"	Katerina- a ray of light in the "dark kingdom" of Kabanikh and Wild.
	A. P. Chekhov. "The Man in the Case".	Teacher Belikov with his attitude to life, he poisons the life of everyone around him, and his death is considered by society as getting rid of something difficult
	A. I. Kuprin "Olesya"	The love of a "natural man" ( Olesya) and human civilization Ivan Timofeevich could not stand the test of public opinion and social structure.
	V. Bykov "Raid"	Fedor Rovba- a victim of a society living in a difficult period of collectivization and repression.
	A. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"	Ivan Denisovich Shukhov- a victim of Stalin's repressions.
	R. Brdbury. "A Sound of Thunder"	The responsibility of each person for the fate of the whole society.
	M. Karim "Pardon"	Lubomir Zuh- a victim of war and martial law.

"Man and Society" is one of the topics of the final essay on literature for 2019 graduates. From what positions can these two concepts be considered in the work?

For example, you can write about the individual and society, about their interaction, both about agreement and about opposition. Sample ideas that may come up in this case are varied. This is a person as a part of society, the impossibility of his existence outside society, and the influence of society on something related to a person: his opinion, tastes, life position. You can also consider the confrontation or conflict of a single individual and society, in which case it would be useful to give examples from life, history or literature in the essay. This will not only make the work less boring, but will also give you a chance to increase your score.

Another option for writing about in an essay is the ability or, conversely, the inability to devote one's life to public interests, philanthropy and its opposite - misanthropy. Or, perhaps, in your work you want to consider in detail the issue of social norms and laws, morality, the mutual responsibility of society to a person and a person to society for everything past and future. An essay dedicated to a person and society in the state or historical plan, the role of the individual (concrete or abstract) in history will also be interesting.

Final essay on literature 2018. Theme of the final essay on literature. "Human and society".

FIPI comment: "For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely forms a person, but a person can also influence society. The topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different angles: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization" .

So, let's try to figure out from what positions these two concepts can be considered.

1. Personality and society (in agreement or in opposition). In this section, you can talk about following topics: Man as a part of society. The impossibility of human existence outside of society. Independence of judgment of a single individual. The influence of society on a person's decisions, the influence of public opinion on a person's tastes, his position in life. Confrontation or conflict between society and the individual. The desire of a person to become special, original. Contrasting the interests of the individual and the interests of society. The ability to devote one's life to the interests of society, philanthropy and misanthropy. The influence of the individual on society. The place of man in society. The relationship of a person to society, his own kind.

2. Social norms and laws, morality. The responsibility of a person to society and society to a person for everything that happens and the future. The decision of a person to accept or reject the laws of the society in which he lives, to follow the rules or break the laws.

3. Man and society in the historical, state plan. The role of personality in history. Relationship between time and society. The evolution of society.

4.Man and society in a totalitarian state. Erasure of individuality in society. Society's indifference to its future and a bright personality capable of fighting the system. Contrasting "crowd" and "individual" in a totalitarian regime. Diseases of society. Alcoholism, drug addiction, intolerance, cruelty and crime

HUMAN- a term used in two main senses: biological and social. In a biological sense, a person is a representative of the species Homo sapiens, a family of hominids, a detachment of primates, a class of mammals - the highest stage in the development of organic life on Earth.

In a social sense Man is a creature that has arisen in a team, reproduces and develops in a team. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thought and language, aesthetic tastes, etc. form the behavior and mind of a person, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology. A person is an elementary unit of various groups and communities, including ethnic groups, states, etc., where he acts as a person. The “human rights” recognized in international organizations and in the legislation of states are, first of all, the rights of the individual.

Synonyms: face, person, person, persona, individual, individuality, soul, unit, two-legged, human being, individual, king of nature, someone, work unit.

SOCIETY- in a broad sense - a large group of people united by some common goal with stable social boundaries. The term society can be applied to all mankind ( human society), To historical stage development of all mankind or its individual parts (slave-owning society, feudal society, etc. (see Socio-economic formation), to the inhabitants of the state (American society, Russian society etc.) and to individual organizations of people (sports society, geographical society and so on.).

Sociological concepts of society differed primarily in the interpretation of the nature of compatibility human existence, explanation of the principle of formation of social ties. O. Comte saw such a principle in the division of functions (labor) and in solidarity, E. Durkheim - in cultural artifacts, which he called "collective representations". M. Weber called mutually oriented, i.e. social, actions of people as a unifying principle. Structural functionalism considered social norms and values to be the basis of the social system. K. Marx and F. Engels considered the development of society as a natural-historical process of changing socio-economic formations, which are based on a certain way of people's production activities. Its specificity is determined by production relations that do not depend on people's consciousness and correspond to the achieved level of productive forces. On the basis of these objective, material relations, systems of corresponding social and political institutions, ideological relations, and forms of consciousness are built up. Thanks to this understanding, each socio-economic formation appears as an integral concrete historical social organism, characterized by its economic and social structure, value-normative system of social regulation, features and spiritual life.

The current stage of the development of society is characterized by the growth of integration processes against the background of an increasing variety of economic, political and ideological forms. Scientific, technological and social progress, having resolved some contradictions, gave rise to others, even more acute, put human civilization before global issues on the solution of which depends the very existence of society, the path of its further development.

Synonyms: society, people, community, herd; crowd; public, environment, environment, audience, humanity, light, human race, human race, brotherhood, brethren, gang, group.

Quotes for the final essay 2018 in the direction "Man and Society".

People think of us what we want them to think. T. Dreiser

Frivolous light mercilessly persecutes in reality what it allows in theory. (A.S. Pushkin)

Man is made for society. He is unable and does not have the courage to live alone. (W. Blackstone)

We are born to unite with our brothers - people and with the whole human race (Cicero)

We need fellowship more than anything else. (D.M. Cage)

A person becomes a person only among people. (I. Becher)

Separate people unite into one whole - into society; and therefore the highest sphere of beauty is human society. (N. G. Chernyshevsky)

If you want to make an impact on other people, then you have to be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward. (K. Marx)

A person does not begin to live until he has risen above the narrow limits of his personal opinions and beliefs and has not joined the convictions of all mankind. (M. L. King)

People's characters are defined and shaped by their relationships. (A. Morua)

Nature creates man, but society develops and shapes him. (V. G. Belinsky)

Society is a capricious creature, disposed towards those who indulge its whims, and not at all towards those who contribute to its development. (V. G. Krotov)

Society degrades if it does not receive impulses from individuals; the impulse degrades if it does not receive sympathy from the whole society. (W. James)

Society consists of two classes of people: those who have dinner but no appetite; and those who have a great appetite, but no dinner. (N. Chamfort)

A truly honest person should prefer family to himself, fatherland to family, mankind to fatherland. (J. D'Alembert)

You don't have to be the greatest genius to do great things; You don't need to be above people, you need to be with them. (Ch. Montesquieu)

Breaking away from the people is like losing your mind. (Karak)

A person without people is like a body without a soul.

You will never die with people.

The most beautiful life is the life lived for other people. (H. Keller)

There are people who, like a bridge, exist in order for others to run across it. And they run, they run; no one will look back, no one will look at their feet. And the bridge serves this, and the next, and the third generation. (V. V. Rozanov)

Destroy society and you will destroy the unity of the human race - the unity that sustains life... (Seneca the Younger)

Man cannot live in solitude, he needs society. (I. Goethe)

Only in people can a person know himself. (I. Goethe)

Anyone who loves loneliness is either a wild beast or the Lord God. (F. Bacon)

In loneliness, a person is either a saint or a devil. (R. Burton)

If people interfere with you, then you have no reason to live. (L. N. Tolstoy)

A person can do without many things, but not without a person. (C. L. Burne)

Man exists only in society, and society forms him only for himself.
(L. Bonald

In the soul of every person is a miniature portrait of his people. (G. Freytag)

Human society... is like a tossing sea in which individuals, like waves,

surrounded by their own kind, constantly collide with each other, arise, grow and disappear, and the sea - society - is always seething, worried and does not stop ... (P. A. Sorokin)

A living person carries in his spirit, in his heart, in his blood the life of society: he suffers from its ailments, is tormented by its sufferings, blooms with its health, blisses with its happiness ... (V. G. Belinsky)

It can be said without exaggeration that a person's happiness depends solely on the characteristics of his social life. (D.I. Pisarev)

In every person there is something from all people. (K. Lichtenberg)

Unite people! Look: zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something. (S. E. Lets)

Search together - find everything.

Those who sail in a boat have only one fate.

Man is a creature so flexible and in social life so receptive to the opinions of other people ... (Ch. Montesquieu)

He who fled from the people remains without burial.

Among people, even a fox will not die of hunger.

Man is the support of man.

He who does not love his people does not love someone else.

Working for the people is the most urgent task. (V. Hugo)

A person in society must grow according to his nature, be himself and the only one, as on a tree each leaf is different from the other. But in each leaf there is something in common with others, and this commonality runs through the knots, vessels and forms the power of the trunk and the unity of the whole tree. (M. M. Prishvin)

No matter how rich and luxurious the inner life of a person may be, no matter how hot it beats into

outside, and no matter what waves it overflows, it is not complete if it does not assimilate into its content the interests of the external world, society and humanity. (V. G. Belinsky)

Man is created to live in society; separate him from him, isolate him - his thoughts will become confused, his character will become hardened, hundreds of absurd passions will arise in his soul, extravagant ideas will sprout in his brain like wild thorns in a wasteland. (D. Diderot)

To be human means not only to have knowledge, but also to do for future generations what the previous ones did for us. (G. Lichtenberg)

Each person is a separate, definite personality, which will not be a second time. People differ in the very essence of the soul; their resemblance is only superficial. The more one becomes himself, the deeper he begins to understand himself, - his original features come through more clearly. (V.Ya. Bryusov)

People are born for each other. (M. Aurelius)

The best among people is the one who benefits others the most. (Jami)

Man to man is a wolf. (Plavt)

There are two opposite principles in human nature: pride, which draws us to ourselves, and virtue, which pushes us to others. If one of these springs broke, the person would be angry to the point of madness or magnanimous to the point of insanity. (D. Diderot)

We can bring salvation to mankind only by our own good behavior; otherwise we will rush like a fatal comet, leaving desolation and death everywhere in our wake. (E. Rotterdam)

The earthly purpose of a person is to be reasonable and brave, free, wealthy and happy ...

Humanists need to be implacable and take up arms whenever hostile forces want to prevent the appointment of a person. (G. Mann)

Wherever you find yourself, people will always be no more stupid than you. (D. Diderot)

Each person is responsible to all people for all people and for everything. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

A person loves society, even if it is the society of a lonely burning candle. (G. Lichtenberg)

No society can be worse than the people that make it up. (W. Schwebel)

Society is like air: it is necessary for breathing, but not enough for life. (D. Santayana)

All societies are similar to each other like cows in a herd, only some have gilded horns. (W. Schwebel)

Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other. (L. A. Seneca)

Terror has not invented any other means to equalize society, but to cut off the heads that rise above the level of mediocrity. (P. Buast)

Society is always in a conspiracy against man. Conformity is considered a virtue; self-confidence is a sin. Society loves not a person and life, but names and customs. (R. Emerson)

It is impossible to live in society and be free from society. (V.I. Lenin)

It is common for every generation to consider itself called to remake the world. (A. Camus)

Society cannot free itself without freeing every individual. (F. Engels)

Everyone talks about public opinion and acts on behalf of public opinion, that is, on behalf of the opinion of everyone minus his own. (G. Chesterton)

Anyone who tries to get out of the common herd becomes a public enemy. Why, pray tell? (F. Petrarch)

No matter how selfish a person may seem, certain laws are clearly laid down in his nature, forcing him to be interested in the fate of others and consider their happiness necessary for himself, although he himself receives nothing from this, except for the pleasure of seeing this happiness. (A. Smith)

The vast majority of people ... are not able to think for themselves, but only to believe, and ... are not able to obey reason, but only power. (A. Schopenhauer)
It doesn't matter who is in front of you: a crowd of academicians or a crowd of water carriers. Both are a crowd. (G. Lebon)

I never said, "I want to be alone." I just said, "I want to be left alone," which is not the same. (G. Garbo)

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

Direction	Approximate list of literary works	Carriers of the problem
Human and society	A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"	Chatsky challenges the Famus society
	A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"	Eugene Onegin, Tatyana Larina- representatives of a secular society - become hostages of the laws of this society.
	M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"	Pechorin- a reflection of all the vices of the younger generation of his time.
	I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"	Oblomov, Stolz- representatives of two types generated by society. Oblomov is a product of a passing era, Stolz is a new type.
	A. N. Ostrovsky. "Storm"	Katerina- a ray of light in the "dark kingdom" of Kabanikh and Wild.
	A. P. Chekhov. "The Man in the Case".	Teacher Belikov with his attitude to life, he poisons the life of everyone around him, and his death is considered by society as getting rid of something difficult
	A. I. Kuprin "Olesya"	The love of a "natural man" ( Olesya) and human civilization Ivan Timofeevich could not stand the test of public opinion and social structure.
	V. Bykov "Raid"	Fedor Rovba- a victim of a society living in a difficult period of collectivization and repression.
	A. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"	Ivan Denisovich Shukhov- a victim of Stalin's repressions.
	R. Brdbury. "A Sound of Thunder"	The responsibility of each person for the fate of the whole society.
	M. Karim "Pardon"	Lubomir Zuh- a victim of war and martial law.

"Man and Society" is one of the topics of the final essay on literature for 2019 graduates. From what positions can these two concepts be considered in the work?

Society is a powerful force. Man cannot live outside of society. However, a huge number of laws written to protect a person from society indicates that not everything is normal in relations between citizens and society. We are afraid to go out in the evening, we are endlessly threatened by scammers from social networks. Entering into life, we are already frightened by the dangers that this unkind, and sometimes openly evil world threatens. How to live your life according to your plan? How not to break under the blows of fate?

In the famous comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" main character Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, endowed with intelligence and free-thinking, an open and honest person, finds himself in a hostile environment of the “famus society”. After living away for three years, apparently meeting with smartest people of his time, having read many books, he believes that society is moving forward through progress. He expresses his ideas directly, assuming to find like-minded people in an environment familiar from childhood. However, everything is so simple. Progress has not touched the representatives of Moscow's high society, frozen in their development. They remain adherents of the rules that their grandfathers were still guided by, they believe that “honor for father and son” and “who is poor is ... not a couple.” In this world, they make a choice in favor of wealth, not love: "... be inferior, but if there are three thousand souls, that is the groom." Their house is open "to the invited and the uninvited, especially from foreigners." These postulates allow the flattering and narrow-minded Molchalins to make a career, and maybe even enter a rich family, thanks to their pliability and ability to please!

As a result, society declares Chatsky crazy, because they do not want to accept his hard-hitting denunciations. Chatsky is driven out of this circle, although he is right in many respects. Leaving Famusov's house, permeated with lies and hypocrisy, the hero leaves, taking away "a million torments", crushed by arrogance, he remains true to his convictions, although his heart is broken.

The hero of another classic work - Eugene Onegin - despises society. In the novel of the same name by A.S. Pushkin, three circles of the nobility are shown: local, Moscow and St. Petersburg high society. Onegin is not shown only in Moscow. How are his relations in these circles? Petersburg light immediately accepted Onegin, thanks to his ability to "bow at ease", to speak perfect French and the ability to dance. “What more? The light decided that it was smart and very nice! Yes, Petersburg society does not tolerate only open flattery and ridiculous imitation. Here Onegin feels quite comfortable. His relations with the local nobility are quite different. Already at the very beginning, the young rake with all his behavior shows disrespect for the guests who are trying to visit him. On Tatyana's name day, she draws caricatures of primitive provincials on napkins. He does not care about the opinion of this society. But he, afraid of being convicted by these people, accepts Lensky's challenge to a duel, instead of sobering up his young friend and preventing the murder. So, the ridiculous fear of being condemned by society turns into a tragedy for Onegin.

Society can affect the life of any person. No one is immune from discussions, condemnation and all sorts of gossip. We can all find ourselves in a hopeless situation, and a lot depends on how society behaves. Its influence cannot be ignored.

Approximate topics of the final essay 2017-2018 (list). Direction "Man and Society".

What is the conflict between the individual and society?

Do you agree with Plautus' statement: "man is a wolf to man"?

What, in your opinion, does the thought of A. De Saint-Exupery mean: “All roads lead to people”?

Can a person exist outside of society?

Can a person change society?

How does society affect a person?

Is society responsible for every individual?

How does society influence the individual's opinion?

Do you agree with the statement of G. K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something from all people.

Is it possible to live in society and be free from it?

What is tolerance?

Why is it important to maintain individuality?

Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Stael: “You can’t be sure of your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinions”

Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and instills dissent and hatred between them”?

Do you think it's fair to say that strong people often lonely?

Is Tyutchev's opinion fair that "any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vilely selfish instincts"?

Are social norms of behavior necessary?

What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?

Do you agree with the statement of V. Rozanov: “Society, those around you diminish the soul, but do not add it. “Adds” only the closest and rarest sympathy, “soul to soul” and “one mind”?

Is it possible to call any person a person?

What happens to a person cut off from society?

Why should society help the underprivileged?

How do you understand the statement of I. Becher: “A person becomes a person only among people”?

Do you agree with the statement of H. Keller: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people”

In what situations does a person feel lonely in society?

What is the role of the individual in history?

How does society influence people's decisions?

Confirm or refute I. Goethe's statement: "Only in people is a person capable of knowing himself."

How do you understand F. Bacon's statement: “Anyone who loves loneliness is either a wild beast or the Lord God”?

Is a person responsible to society for his actions?

Is it difficult to defend your interests before society?

How do you understand the words of S.E. Letsa: “Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something”?

Should I express my opinion if it differs from the opinion of the majority?

There is safety in numbers?

What is more important: personal interests or public interests?

To what does society's indifference to man lead?

Do you agree with the opinion of A. Morois: “You should not focus on public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights?

How do you understand the expression "little man"?

Why does a person strive to be original?

Does society need leaders?

Do you agree with the words of K. Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”?

Can a person devote his life to the interests of society?

Who is a misanthrope?

How do you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: “The frivolous world mercilessly persecutes in fact what it allows in theory”?

What causes inequality in society?

Are social norms changing?

Do you agree with the words of C. L. Burne: “A person can do without much, but not without a person”?

Is a person responsible to society?

Can the individual win in the fight against society?

How can a person change history?

Do you think it's important to have an opinion?

Can a person become an individual apart from society?

How do you understand G. Freytag's statement: “In the soul of every person there is a miniature portrait of his people”?

Can social norms be violated?

What is the place of man in a totalitarian state?

How do you understand the phrase: “one head is good, but two is better”?

Are there people whose work is invisible to society?

Is it difficult to maintain individuality in a team?

Do you agree with W. Blackstone's statement: “Man is created for society. He is unable and does not have
the courage to live alone"?

Confirm or refute the statement of J. M. Cage: "We need communication more than anything else"

What is equality in society?

What are community organizations for?

Can it be argued that a person's happiness depends solely on the characteristics of his social life?

Do you agree that a person is shaped by society?

How does society treat people who are very different from it?

How do you understand the statement of W. James: “Society degenerates if it does not receive impulses from individuals”?

How do you understand the phrase "public consciousness"?

What is missing in today's society?

Do you agree with I. Goethe's statement: “Man cannot live in solitude, he needs society”?

How do you understand T. Dreiser's statement: "People think about us what we want to inspire them"?

Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character”?

List of literature for preparation for the final essay. "Human and society".

A.P. Chekhov "", "", "", "", "Death of an official", "The Cherry Orchard"
J. Verne "Mysterious Island"
S. Collins "The Hunger Games"
W. Thackeray "Vanity Fair"
F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot", "Crime and Punishment", "The Brothers Karamazov", "Poor People"
M. Gorky "At the bottom", "Former people"
A. Camus "Outsider"
Ch.T. Aitmatov "And the day lasts longer than a century"
D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe"
W. Groom "Forrest Gump"
A.N. Tolstoy "Peter the Great"
E. Hemingway "To have and not to have"
V. V. Nabokov "Invitation to execution"
E.I. Zamyatin "We"
A. Platonov "Pit"
B. Pasternak "Doctor"
J. Orwell "1984", "Animal Farm"
R. Bradbury "451 degrees Fahrenheit", "Martian Chronicles" N.V. Gogol " Dead Souls”, “Overcoat”
A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet", "Olesya"
W. Golding "Lord of the Flies"
G. Marquez "One Hundred Years of Solitude"
G. Hesse "Steppenwolf"
R. Gallego "White on Black"
T. Dreiser "Sister Kerry", "American tragedy"
J. Steinbeck "The Grapes of Wrath"
D. Mitchell "Cloud Atlas"
A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
O. Wilde "The Picture of Dorian Gray"
J. Sallinger "The Catcher in the Rye"
M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
A. Rand "Atlas Shrugged"
E. Fromm "Escape from Freedom"
I.A. Goncharov "Ordinary History"
F. Kafka "Process"
Ch. Palahniuk "Fight Club"

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Man and Society"

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