What is the spelling in the rules of the Russian language. What is a spelling in the rules of the Russian language A spelling dictionary with an explanation of spelling

What is a spelling dictionary? When do we contact him?

1. Read an excerpt from a poem by M. Yasnov.

Last year's mistakes for last year's aships
Watching It's hard for me to watch without smiling.
I write better than many in the class,
The padar gave me a gift from the padar, Vasya:
I studied studied all January January
Arfagraphic Spelling Slavary Dictionary.

What mistakes did the student make? Try to fix them. And if you don’t succeed on your own, look in the spelling dictionary!

2. Read the textbook table of contents. List the rules of writing that you have learned.

7. Spelling of words with a separating hard sign.

3. Remember these rules. Give examples of words that have spellings for the studied writing rules.

1. Spelling of words with unstressed vowels at the root.
water, wave, mountain, pin, balls, window
2. Spelling of words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.
flags, mushroom, eyes, boat, jumping, horse
3. Spelling of words with an unpronounceable consonant at the root.
starry, joyful, sun, pasture, whistle
4. Spelling of words with double consonants.
class, ton, seedlings, trolleybus, Saturday
5. Spelling of suffixes and prefixes.
fly, passed, finish writing, bush, day
6. Spelling prefixes and prepositions.
wrote on the envelope, ran in the footsteps
7. Spelling of words with a separating hard sign.
detour, moved out, explanation, furious

4. Read. Which rule corresponds to each group of words?

1. Spelling of words with unstressed vowels in the root, checked by stress.
2. Spelling of words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.
3. Spelling of words with an unpronounceable consonant at the root.
4. Spelling of words with a separating hard sign.
2. Spelling of words with unstressed vowels in the root, unchecked by stress.

Choose any rule and make your own dictionary of words with spelling for this rule. You can choose words from the textbook, from workbook or from dictionaries. Write the words alphabetically. Underline the spelling in the words for the selected writing rule. Prepare to present your vocabulary to the class.

Spelling of words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.

The letter B is at the beginning of the alphabet. It denotes a voiced consonant. But it doesn't always sound like that. The sound depends on neighboring sounds. When suddenly there is a quiet, muffled sound next to B, B immediately changes. Where does the vivacity, ringing joy go?! In these cases, when writing a word, the letter B is often confused with its distant relative, the letter P. The sound that it stands for has the same labial origin with the sound b.

F. Krivin

cart h, birch, beard, camel, viscous, eye, fungus, rain, path, hedgehog, liquid, riddle, charge, toys, emerald, claws, mug, ice, boat , honey, soft, back, leg, trimmings, mistake, preparation, landing, sharp, fish, sweet, watchman, grass, tube, narrow, packaging, flags, bread , cold, cup, blueprint, scarf, fur coat, berries.

- (from the Greek orthos correct and gramma letter) spelling that complies with the rules of spelling, requiring the application of these rules ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Y, well. (… Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 spelling (13) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Spelling (from the Greek orthos correct and gramma letter) is a spelling that complies with the rules of spelling, requiring the application of these rules, spelling rules. The main sections of spelling: writing morphemes in various ... ... Wikipedia

SPELLING- (from Greek orthos - correct + gramma - written sign, line, line). Writing that conforms to the rules of spelling and requires their application. Such rules are the object of study in a practical language course, and in some cases ... ... New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

s; and. [from Greek. orthos correct, gramma notation, written sign] Lingu. Writing that conforms to the rules of spelling and requires their application. Mark the spelling in the text. * * * spelling (from Greek orthós correct and grámma letter),… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from Greek orthós correct and grámma letter) 1) a consistently reproduced way of conveying a phonomorphological phenomenon in writing in a particular language, for example, in Russian, the ending of masculine singular adjectives ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling (Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak") ... Forms of words

- (from Greek orthos straight, correct + gramma notation). Spelling that conforms to the rules of spelling, requiring the application of these rules ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

spelling- spelling amma, s ... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

A set of visual aids. Grade 2 Russian language. In 2 parts. Part 2 , . Visual aids in the form of tables are intended for use in the 2nd grade in Russian language lessons according to the textbook "Russian Language", 2nd grade. (ed. R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva, O. V. Pronina), and ...
I will eat you! A story that will make you cringe. The use of dividing b, Aromshtam Marina Semyonovna. 3 chips:- Fairy tale writer and teacher Marina Aromshtam - Important spelling from the program elementary school remembered once and for all! - Very beautiful illustrations by Sergei ...

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. The Russian language is called “great and mighty” for a reason. It is one of the most difficult in the world, and teaching it is a real pleasure. headache not only for foreigners, but even for natives.

And if with colloquial speech things are even more or less (not for everyone, of course, but for the majority), then with written language everything is much worse.

The fact is that many words in Russian spelled differently than they are pronounced. Each such case requires a person to look into a textbook or dictionary.

Numerous rules - this is spelling. There are a huge number of them, and even certified philologists are sometimes not able to remember everything. But there are about 70 basic rules, and it is precisely this volume that is studied in Russian schools.

Spelling - what is it

Spelling - the correct spelling of words, based on the rules or established traditions and chosen from several options.

This term, like many others, came into the Russian language from Ancient Greece- "orphos" (correct) and "gramma" (letter). That is, it can literally be translated as “correct letters” or “ correct writing».

Thanks to the numerous spellings, even whole science, which studies and describes them - spelling.

Don't think it's just about compound words, such as a synchrophasotron or from under the subverte. No, even in the most simple words, for example, life, happiness, water, yellow or plane, have their own spelling. Let's explain what we mean:

ZhI ZN - it is not immediately clear by ear which letter is the second - “I” or “Y”;
MF ASTIER - by ear, we generally hear that this word begins with the letter "Щ", and not with "MF";
IN YES - in everyday speech we do not pronounce "O" in the first syllable, but replace it with "A";
SAME LTYY - again, although this color is written through the letter “Yo”, when pronouncing, we clearly hear “O”;
SA MO YEARS - again, there are two letters “A” in this word, that is, we pronounce “plane”.

And there are also so-called non-alphabetic spellings. These are the rules of the Russian language, which explain when to put a dash or a hyphen, when (for example, not-/ni-) are written together or separately, how to correctly hyphenate words, and so on.

An example of parsing dictation and underlining spelling

For example, parsing and underlining spelling in dictation For primary school(parents of first-graders may come in handy), which well demonstrates the vastness of the scope of their use:

By the way, pay attention to the underlining style - it differs for different spellings. Here is the "legend" according to which this is done:

Here the adult will get confused, what can we say about the child ...

The most important spellings

We will not list all the existing spellings, and it will take too much time and space (it’s easier to read the textbook then). Let's dwell on the most important ones that children study in elementary grades.

ZhI-/SHI, CHA-/SCHA, CHU-/SCHU

Children are faced with this rule already in the first grade. And from an early age, we memorize the phrase: “Live / shi write with the letter “I”, write cha / cha with the beech “A”, write chu / shu with the letter “U”.

And the thing is that by ear we perceive completely different sounds. For example, in the words "lu zhi" And " shea roco" we clearly hear "Y", in " cha shka" and "pi shcha"respectively" I ", and in" chu gum" and "according to shu pat" - "Yu".

Spelling: unstressed vowels at the root

Take, for example, the words: le diana, be govaya, at ho dit, argu me ntate. The underlined syllables are orthograms, since it is not immediately clear in them which vowel should be, which means that it becomes difficult to write. To avoid a mistake, you need to choose a test word:

LE DYANOY - from the word ICE, which means that you need to write it through "E";
BE GOVAYA - from the word RUNNING and again it is necessary to write through "E";
At XO DIT - the test word HOD and, accordingly, we write through "O";
ARGU IU NTIROVE - the test word ARGUMENT.

One of the most difficult pairs of words related to this rule are POSP I ENLIGHTENMENT and ENLIGHTENMENT E SHENIE. Painfully, they sound similar, but at the same time they mean completely different things.

Yes, at the POSP I SHENCHIA the test word is HOLYNESS, therefore the letter “I” is written, and for CLEAR E SCHENIA is the test word LIGHT, so the letter “E” is written.

But the Russian language is complicated by the fact that it has exceptions to any rule. For example, in this case there are many words for which it is impossible to find test words. Therefore, you just need to memorize their spelling by heart. These words include: e cash, b e cut, m A lina, h A water, b A nan, A diamond, choco fret, fault warm.

Spelling: unpronounceable consonants at the root

We already mentioned at the beginning of the article the word MF ASTIER, which is pronounced through "Sch", but is written through "MF". And there are many such words, especially when a noun is converted into an adjective, and because of this, one of the consonants may “lose” by ear. To write correctly, you must also use the test word.

SER D CE - cardiac;
IZVES T NOY - news;
HOUR T NIK - participation;
ZDRA IN STVE - health;
SO L NCE - solar;
SER D CE - cardiac;
CHES T NOY - honor.

But, of course, there are words that cannot be verified in any way. Their you just need to remember. This is, for example, a forest T nitsa, holiday d nickname, svers T nicki, chu V stva.

Spelling: prefixes ending in З- / С-

This rule appeared in the Russian language exactly 100 years ago, when the Bolsheviks carried out a reform. Previously, all prefixes ended in the letter "Z", and no one had any questions. Now there are divisions: voz-/vos-, iz-/is, raz-/races, vz-/sun-, without-/bes-, roses-/ros-.

To learn how to write a particular word, you need to pay attention to the letter that comes after the prefix. If it is a voiceless consonant (К, П, С, Т, Ф, Х, Ц, Ш, Ш, Щ), then a prefix with “С” at the end is used.

besK terminal, rasK opal, RosP is, VSP gasped voss dancing

If after the prefix there is a voiced consonant (B, C, G, D, F, Z, L, M, N, P) or a vowel, then prefixes with “Z” are used.

without B olny, near come alive fromD alec, times cheerful, vzG lad

Spelling: verbs ending in -T / -TH

Another spelling that children get acquainted with in elementary grades. The question is simple - when to put after the letter "T" soft sign and when not needed. And why?

Compare:

Teach TH it's never too late
He teach T all day long

The rule here is very easy to remember. You just need to look at what question the verb answers - “what to do?” or “what does it do?”. And the writing of a soft sign will depend on this.

"I appear in the sky T the first stars (what are they doing?)" and "In the sky began to appear TH Xia the first stars (what did they start doing?) "

Spelling: adjectives with -Н- and -НН-

Another painful topic for many students, especially when preparing for the exam. The fact is that there are several rules at once, and which one to apply depends on the particular word.

Rule number 1.

If the root of the noun ends with the letter "H", then there will be two of them in the adjective.

length - length HH th, soN - with HH th

The same applies to words whose root ends in "MY".

TIME - time HH th, seed - seme HH Ouch

At the same time, as always, there whole line exceptions: young, pork, mutton, green, blue, spicy, peacock, raven. Although in all these words the root ends in the letter "H".

Rule number 2.

If the adjective is formed using the suffixes -ENN- and -ONN-, then two letters "H" are written, regardless of the root.

straw ENN th, foliage ENN oh, station HE N th

And if the suffixes -AN-, -YAN- and -IN- are used, then the letter "H" remains alone.

lion IN oh, sol YAN oh skin AN th

Exceptions- TIN, WOODEN, STEEL.

It used to be said in schools that they were easy to remember if you imagined a window. It has a glass base, a wooden frame, and a pewter handle.

Rule number 3.

Two letters "H" also, which are formed from verbs:

wash HH th (erase), offended HH th (offend), purchase HH oy (buy), heat HH th (fry).

But then again there are exceptions, which include the established expressions:

"conche H th person", "name H oh sister", "plant H th father”, “easier H oh Sunday."

Summary

Of course, in our time, spelling has become less attention. After all, we now write most of the tests not by hand, but print on computers and gadgets. And they have special programs that will correct any errors.

But these technical innovations are unlikely to help schoolchildren when passing exams. Yes, and adults from time to time have to write something on their own. And without knowing the rules (spelling), it is very easy to pass for illiterate.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the blog pages site