Spanish in 30 days

Español en 30 days

Foreword

This tutorial will help you learn Spanish. It will introduce you to words and expressions used in everyday situations. The book is designed for both the novice reader who is starting to learn Spanish for the first time, and for those who would like to expand their knowledge.

Each of the thirty lessons consists of a dialogue with translation into Russian, a grammar section, exercises, regional study material and a Spanish-Russian dictionary. Dialogues are dedicated to situations Everyday life and illustrate new grammatical topics that are presented in an accessible way. The exercises are aimed at presenting the presented material in game form and help the reader to fix it. You will find the key to exercises designed for self-control at the end of the book. After the list of words that make up the lexical material of the lesson, you are offered practical, regional information, and the traveler in Spain - the information necessary for the tourist. Three entertaining intermediate tests serve to independently control and deepen the knowledge gained. A complete dictionary at the end of the tutorial will allow you to quickly look up any of the words found in the book. We recommend that you take every opportunity to listen to Spanish speech.

I wish you success in working with this entertaining tutorial.

Spelling and pronunciation

Writing with uppercase and lowercase letters:

From capital letters to Spanish start:

Offers;

Proper names (Madrid, Pedro, los Alpes, España);

Names of institutions (las Cortes - Spanish parliament);

Titles academic disciplines(History). The rest of the words are written with lowercase letters.

Vowel pronunciation:

The vowels are pronounced the same way as in the following Russian examples:

A- tr A ta - tr a bajo

e- V e rf - der e cho

i - And deal - i deal

O- b O d-di o s

u- To at beak - c u bo

In vowel combinations, each vowel sound is pronounced separately:

m a-e stra (teacher).

However u or i/y next to another vowel they form a diphthong (i.e., pronounced as one syllable):

length ua(language), a yu da (help).

Pronunciation of consonants:

b at the beginning of a sentence and after m it is pronounced as clearly as in Russian: ¡Buenos días! (Good afternoon!), nombre (name), in all other cases - as interlabial [at]: abril (April), abrir (open);

With before a, o, u and consonants pronounced like [k]: ¿como?, ¿cuándo?; before e, i- as interdental [c]: Cecilia, centro (center);

ch pronounced like [h]: charlar (talk, talk);

d pronounced softer than Russian [d], and at the end of the word it is barely audible: Madrid;

f pronounced like [f] in Russian: familia (family);

g before a, o, u just like [r] in Russian: gota (drop), gracias (thank you); before e, i- deaf, like Russian [x]: gente (people); to g pronounced like [g] before e And i, before g need to insert u(in this case it is not pronounced): guitarra (guitar), guía (tour guide), guerra (war); to u said after g and before e And i, above it must be provided with a colon: cigüeña (stork);

h not pronounced: hombre (man, person);

j pronounced like [x]: julio (July), jamón (ham);

l pronounced like [l] in Russian: leche (milk), lunes (Monday);

ll pronounced like [l] in words billiards, cell: billet (ticket);

m pronounced like [m] in Russian: madre (mother);

n pronounced like [n] in Russian: nombre (name); before b, f, p, v pronounced like [m]: un banco (bank);

ñ pronounced like [n] in the word cognac: coñac (cognac), mañana (morning);

R pronounced like [p] in Russian: patatas (potatoes), pensión (pension);

qu pronounced like [k] in Russian: ¿qué? (what?), queso (cheese);

r weakly pronounced: pero (but), periódico (newspaper);

rr pronounced resoundingly: perro (dog), barril (barrel);

s pronounced as a middle sound between Russian [s] and [sh]: señor (mister);

t pronounced like [t] in Russian, without aspiration: teatro (theater);

v at the beginning of a word and after n pronounced like [b]: vaso (glass), tranvía (tram); in all other cases, it is pronounced as interlabial [at]: televisión (TV);

X pronounced like [ks]: extra (separately), extraordinario (exclusively);

at at the beginning of a word it is pronounced like [th]: wah (already); in a position between words is pronounced as [And]: yo y tú (me and you);

z pronounced as interdental [s]: zapato (boot), zanahoria (carrot).

Spanish stress:

If the word ends in a vowel, -n or -s, then the stress is penultimate syllable: España (Spain), entonces (then), cantan (they sing);

If the word ends in a consonant (except -n and -s), then the stress is last syllable: español (Spanish), entrar (to enter).

Exceptions of this rule are marked with the sign accents: café (coffee), fantástico (fantastic), azúcar (sugar). words with the same pronunciation different meaning also differ from each other by the presence of stress: solo (one) - sólo (only); más (more) - mas (but).

Interrogative words are stressed: ¿cómo? (how?) - como (comparative union).

Lesson 1

En el avión

Regular verbs with ending -ar. Verb ser. Personal pronouns. Simple sentence. Interrogative sentence. Negative sentence.

Azafata:¿Habla usted español?

katia: Si, un poco.

Azafata:¿Qué toma usted?

katia: Un café, por favor.

Azafata:¿Con leche y azúcar?

katia: Solo con leche, gracias.

Accidentally pushes his neighbor.¡Oh, perdon!

Pasajero: No es nada, no es nada. ¿Es usted de Moscú?

katia: Sí, soy de Moscú, ¿y usted?

Pasajero: Yo soy de Madrid.

katia:¡Ah, ... usted es español!

Pasajero: Si, y usted es de Rusia.

katia: Si, soy de Rusia.

Pasajero:¿Viaja usted a España como turista?

katia: No, no viajo como turista sino como Au-pair por un año.

Pasajero:¿Que interesting! ¿A que ciudad viaja usted?

katia: A Madrid.

The passenger introduces himself.

Pasajero:¡Perdon! Yo soy José Perez, soy profesor.

katia: Yo soy Katia Gridneva, soy enfermera.

In airplane

Stewardess: Do you speak Spanish?

Kate: Yes a little.

Stewardess: What will you drink?

Kate: Coffee please.

Stewardess: With milk and sugar?

Kate: Only with milk, thank you.

(Accidentally pushes his neighbor) Oh sorry.

Passenger: No big deal, no big deal. Are you from Moscow?

Kate: Yes, I'm from Moscow, and you?

Passenger: I am from Madrid.

Kate: Ah-ah-ah ... you are a Spaniard!

Passenger: Yes, and you are from Russia.

Kate: Yes I am from Russia.

Passenger: Are you flying to Spain as a tourist?

Kate: No, I'm not flying to Spain as a tourist, but as an exchange for a year.

Passenger: How interesting! What city are you flying to?

Kate: To Madrid.

Passenger: Excuse me, my name is José Perez, I'm a teacher.

Kate: My name is Katya Gridneva, I am a nurse.

Regular verbs ending in -аr

viaj ar - travel

viaj o - I am traveling

viaj as - are you travelling

viaj a - he, she travels, you (polite form, singular) travel

viaj amos - we are travelling

viaj ais - you travelling

Before throwing yourself into a foreign language for the hundredth time, you need to understand what it is for and what knowledge you already have. After all, it often seems that you know quite a lot, but then why can’t you speak? We will deal with this at the very start!

Basic grammar

Tired, we know. However, why are we still silent and once again go to the Internet for the “miracle” materials and methods? How much grammar and vocabulary do you need to know to finally start speaking Spanish? Or the right question is “What grammar and vocabulary do you need?”. We will give you exactly the one that will “open” you not only your mouth, but also new opportunities. First, we will analyze our Russian language, our words and expressions, then we will find their equivalents in Spanish, and only then will we learn the topic of grammar and words for it.

Exercises

Usually exercises bring boredom and drive into silence. And if they are not done, then the theory is forgotten. And again a vicious circle.

The marathon has developed exercises that you will want to do daily, because every day you will be better and better at speaking!

listening

A foreign language is not only information coming out of you, but also receiving incoming information. One of the most common problems students have is "it's hard to understand what you hear." Video and audio materials are very carefully selected in the marathon. So we will figure out what the problem with listening is, and how to solve it correctly. And the testimonials of the participants confirm that everything is possible.

Communication with the carrier

Most often, this is feared like fire. They think that the carrier, if he does not eat right away, then at least will laugh out loud at every mistake. Nonsense, but almost 80% of students believe this foreign languages. Spanish speakers in our marathon are special! They will not only make you talk, but also make you believe in yourself.

According to our detailed instructions You will prepare for the first Skype conversation, and all further meetings, using our tips and guides, will be able to conduct independently and free of charge.

This tutorial will help you learn Spanish. It will introduce you to words and expressions used in everyday situations. The book is designed for both the novice reader who is starting to learn Spanish for the first time, and for those who would like to expand their knowledge.

Each of the thirty lessons consists of a dialogue with translation into Russian, a grammar section, exercises, regional study material and a Spanish-Russian dictionary. Dialogues are devoted to situations of everyday life and illustrate new grammatical topics, which are presented in an accessible way. The exercises are aimed at presenting the presented material in a playful way and helping the reader to consolidate it. You will find the key to exercises designed for self-control at the end of the book. After the list of words that make up the lexical material of the lesson, you are offered practical, regional information, and the traveler in Spain - the information necessary for the tourist. Three entertaining intermediate tests serve to independently control and deepen the knowledge gained. A complete dictionary at the end of the tutorial will allow you to quickly look up any of the words found in the book. We recommend that you take every opportunity to listen to Spanish speech.

I wish you success in working with this entertaining tutorial.

Spelling and pronunciation

Writing with uppercase and lowercase letters:

Spanish begins with capital letters:

Offers;

Proper names (Madrid, Pedro, los Alpes, España);

Names of institutions (las Cortes - Spanish parliament);

Names of academic disciplines (Historia). The rest of the words are written with lowercase letters.

Vowel pronunciation:

The vowels are pronounced the same way as in the following Russian examples:

A- tr A ta - tr a bajo

e- V e rf - der e cho

i - And deal - i deal

O- b O d-di o s

u- To at beak - c u bo

In vowel combinations, each vowel sound is pronounced separately:

m a-e stra (teacher).

However u or i/y next to another vowel they form a diphthong (i.e., pronounced as one syllable):

length ua(language), a yu da (help).

Pronunciation of consonants:

b at the beginning of a sentence and after m it is pronounced as clearly as in Russian: ¡Buenos días! (Good afternoon!), nombre (name), in all other cases - as interlabial [at]: abril (April), abrir (open);

With before a, o, u and consonants pronounced like [k]: ¿como?, ¿cuándo?; before e, i- as interdental [c]: Cecilia, centro (center);

ch pronounced like [h]: charlar (talk, talk);

d pronounced softer than Russian [d], and at the end of the word it is barely audible: Madrid;

f pronounced like [f] in Russian: familia (family);

g before a, o, u just like [r] in Russian: gota (drop), gracias (thank you); before e, i- deaf, like Russian [x]: gente (people); to g pronounced like [g] before e And i, before g need to insert u(in this case it is not pronounced): guitarra (guitar), guía (tour guide), guerra (war); to u said after g and before e And i, above it must be provided with a colon: cigüeña (stork);

h not pronounced: hombre (man, person);

j pronounced like [x]: julio (July), jamón (ham);

l pronounced like [l] in Russian: leche (milk), lunes (Monday);

ll pronounced like [l] in words billiards, cell: billet (ticket);

m pronounced like [m] in Russian: madre (mother);

n pronounced like [n] in Russian: nombre (name); before b, f, p, v pronounced like [m]: un banco (bank);

ñ pronounced like [n] in the word cognac: coñac (cognac), mañana (morning);

R pronounced like [p] in Russian: patatas (potatoes), pensión (pension);

qu pronounced like [k] in Russian: ¿qué? (what?), queso (cheese);

r weakly pronounced: pero (but), periódico (newspaper);

rr pronounced resoundingly: perro (dog), barril (barrel);

s pronounced as a middle sound between Russian [s] and [sh]: señor (mister); last syllable: español (Spanish), entrar (enter).

Exceptions of this rule are marked with the sign accents: café (coffee), fantástico (fantastic), azúcar (sugar). Equally pronounced words with different meanings also differ from each other by the presence of stress: solo (one) - sólo (only); más (more) - mas (but).

Interrogative words are stressed: ¿cómo? (how?) - como (comparative union).