Physics is the science that created modern world. Thanks to the discovery of the laws of physics, our homes are equipped with a variety of appliances, and life is simplified with communal benefits. Therefore, when asking a question about the relevance of studying physics, it is worth looking into the root of this science and understanding how it all began.

Patterns of the surrounding world

Many natural patterns were noticed by the first people. Then these phenomena were inexplicable and therefore remained useless or even dangerous. Gradually, by solving problems and conducting experiments, scientists collected information about how the world works. The accumulated experience and further discoveries led to the fact that a person subjugated many elements and made his life safe and comfortable.

Even those who are not fond of science use the knowledge of physical laws in everyday life and ordinary life. Exploitation electrical appliances, the use of hot water and heating - all this requires knowledge of basic physical laws. Computers, telephones, televisions and all household equipment have appeared as a result of the study and application of physics.

Practical benefits

Thanks to physics, we know the origin of almost all natural phenomena. Over the years, the solution of problems in physics has opened up great prospects for scientists. Man has learned to receive energy and use it for his own purposes. Physical formulas are necessary for large-scale construction, industrial development and production.

Speaking of theory, it is worth mentioning that physics is useful for development logical thinking. Being engaged in this science, a person improves in many areas, learns to correctly calculate forces and use all his mental potential. In the process of solving physical problems, a connection is established between cause and effect, a solution is found for important issues and an analysis of current conditions is carried out.

Expanding horizons

The laws of physics underlie astronomy and the study celestial bodies. Knowledge of physics has allowed mankind to achieve tangible results in the conquest of outer space. This has made satellite communications and global forecasting a reality for most people.

Physical calculations underlie the invention of all modes of transport, including aircraft and spaceships. Communication between people is also provided through the knowledge of physics - radio, television and the Internet are completely dependent on the correct use of waves and signals.

Physics allowed a person to go beyond the familiar world and discover new horizons. With her, life has become richer, richer and more interesting. Therefore, when asking about the need for physics, it is worth remembering that almost the entire world known to us was created on the basis of this amazing science.

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Introduction

Physics is not a women's science” and “All blondes are stupid” - often, these phrases can be heard from men. Such statements, in my opinion, are groundless. Women are the pearls of this world, which make it more perfect, more beautiful and more harmonious. The female sex is called weak in vain. Absolutely any woman can become strong, successful and famous by choosing her own path for this. A woman always knows what she wants from life and does everything in order to achieve her goal. Belief in one's own strengths, the ability to correctly prioritize, diligence, dedication and feminine charm - these are the rules that will help on the way to heights.

IQ tests appeared about 100 years ago, and all this time women lagged behind men by 5 points. However, for last years this gap between the sexes began to decrease, and this year women prevailed in matters of intelligence. IQ levels are influenced by several factors, including heredity, environment(family, school, social status person). The age of the test subject also significantly affects the result of passing the test. At the age of 26, as a rule, a person's intelligence reaches its peak, and then only decreases.

For example, Madonna (blonde), has an IQ of 140 points, the smartest model in the world in 2002. Iris Muley has an IQ of 156 points, Nadezhda Kamukova has an IQ of 156 points. Owner of the most high level IQ according to the Guinness Book of Records for 1986, Marilyn vos Savant is known for her writing talent. Her IQ level was 225 points. Robert Yarvik, husband of a brilliant woman, created the first working artificial heart. The couple's constant scientific pursuits and success have earned them the title of "New York's smartest couple."

Scientists are increasingly coming to the conclusion that beauty and intelligence in many cases go hand in hand.

Due to this, target of this work: to prove that physics is a science necessary for both boys and girls.

To achieve this goal, the following were decided tasks:

1. find out if there are many women who have contributed to the development of physics and mathematics;

2. conduct a sociological survey among girls;

3. figure out how to improve the appearance of a girl with the help of physics;

4. describe one day in a girl's life in terms of physics;

5. draw a conclusion about the role of physics in a girl's life.

Object of study are girls aged 15-17 and their way of life.

During the work, the following research methods: questioning, analysis, experiment, comparison, generalization.

Main part

1. Heart given to science.

There are many women who have made discoveries in the field of physics or mathematics. In total, 42 great women can be counted who have contributed to the development of technical sciences.

For example, Mileva Marić was not just the wife and mother of Einstein's children, but also a co-author of his most important works.

Hypatia (370 AD - 415 AD) - mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Her name and deeds have been reliably established, and therefore it is believed that Hypatia is the first female scientist in the history of mankind. Actively engaged in educational and polemical activities. Hypatia died in 415 at the hands of religious fanatics. During the life of Hypatia, a contemporary Socrates said: "She reached such heights of knowledge that she surpassed all the philosophers of her time." In the 20th century, one of the Moon's craters was named after Hypatia.

Caroline Lucretia Herschel British astronomer, sister and assistant of William Herschel. She was born March 16, 1750 in Hannover. First woman astronomer who discovered 8 comets and several nebulae. In 1828 the Royal Astronomical Society of London awarded her the Gold Medal and made her an honorary member. Her name is on the map of the moon.

Sofia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya - an outstanding Russian mathematician; the first woman in the world - professor and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Kovalevskaya written scientific work- “Problem about rotation solid body around a fixed point. This work was a genuine scientific triumph for Kovalevskaya. It solved a problem that scientists had been wrestling with unsuccessfully for years.

Sophia Yanovskaya did a great job of improving the mathematical culture in our country, especially on the methodology of mathematics and logic. So, with its prefaces and comments, “The Fundamentals of Theoretical Logic” by D. Hilbert and W. Ackerman, “Introduction to Logic” by A. Tarsky were published.

Nina Karlovna Bari - Soviet mathematician, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor at Moscow State University. She was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in 1935, when she was already a well-known scientist who had great merits in the study of trigonometric series and set theory.

Lisa Meitner in 1938 became a member of the Nobel Institute. The works of Lise Meitner belong to the fields of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry. Meitner explained the observed phenomenon as a new type of atom fission - the fission of the uranium nucleus into two fragments, thereby introducing the term "fission" into nuclear physics and predicted the existence of a nuclear fission chain reaction.

Maria Sklodowska-Curie. Thanks to his outstanding abilities and diligence, he receives two diplomas - in physics and mathematics. In 1895 he worked in the laboratory of her husband Pierre Curie at the Institute of Physics. Awarded in 1903 Nobel Prize Pierre and Marie Skłodowska-Curie for studying the phenomenon of radioactivity. In 1911, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Marie Sklodowska-Curie in recognition of her contribution to the development of chemistry, which she made with the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, for her experiments with these elements.

We should not forget about the women astronauts, who have made a huge contribution to the development of modern science.

Elena Vladimirovna Kondakova is a Russian cosmonaut and politician. Hero of Russia. Pilot-cosmonaut Russian Federation. 1st woman to make a long flight.

Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya - Soviet cosmonaut, test pilot, teacher. The world's second female cosmonaut after Valentina Tereshkova. The world's first female astronaut outer space and the first woman to fly twice.

Elena Olegovna Serova is a Russian cosmonaut, a test trooper at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. 1st Russian woman to fly to the ISS.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova - Soviet cosmonaut, the world's first female cosmonaut, also the woman who had the smallest age at the time of the orbital flight (26 years old) Hero Soviet Union. Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, 10th cosmonaut in the world. The only woman in the world who has committed space flight by oneself.

Peggy Annette Whitson (USA), 1st female expedition commander orbital station(ISS), holder of the women's record for the duration of the orbital flight (289 days) and the total duration of space flights (666 days).

Number of female astronauts different countries and their flight activity (Appendix 1).

2. One day in the life of a girl.

It's easy to imagine one day in a girl's life. Let's consider it in stages.

Physics in the bathroom. So, the girl gets up early in the morning and goes to school. Getting up, the first thing she goes to the bathroom, where she prepares herself for the working day. First, she washes herself, standing in front of a mirror and realizing that a mirror reflection is a reflection in which a beam of light falling on a surface is also reflected by it in the form of a beam. The physical principle of the mirror is to reflect the rays falling on it, that is, when a luminous flux falls on an object, part of it is absorbed, and part is reflected. In this case, the reflected light flux carries information about the object.

Standing in the shower and singing her favorite songs, the girl knows that sound waves are elastic waves that can cause auditory sensations. The human ear can perceive mechanical vibrations occurring with a frequency of 16 - 20,000 Hz. The walls of the bathroom or shower cubicle form a good reflective surface, as they have a smooth surface.

Our girl knows how to use cosmetics correctly and remembers that in physics there is such a thing as optical illusions. They directly play leading role in the process of applying makeup, i.e. face correction.

Optical illusions (eye illusions) are errors in estimating and comparing the lengths of segments, angles, distances between objects, in the perception of the shape of objects, relief, etc., made by the observer under certain conditions.

In makeup, there are a considerable number of such illusions:

1. The illusion of attracting attention

2. Illusion of decreasing/increasing the vertical.

3. Muller-Layer illusion. A segment with inward-facing corners at its ends appears to be shorter than a segment with outward-facing corners at its ends.

4. Illusion of an acute angle.

Even in the manufacture of cosmetics physics plays important role. For example, the cosmetics that some girls use combines many physical properties. Take, for example, the polar - crystalline powder "Tourmaline". Tourmaline is considered a precious stone and is called electric in Japan, as it can produce a weak energy when in contact with the skin. electricity, and when applied as a powder, it can give a specific infrared radiation that has a beneficial effect on the skin. Tourmaline in its composition contains: magnesium, which activates the renewal of skin cells; iron, which improves microcirculation; and silicon, which has an antioxidant effect.

Physics in the kitchen After taking a shower, she goes to the kitchen for a little snack before a hard day at work. But before she started cooking, she decided to count the number of calories in an omelette.

To prepare an omelette, it took 2 eggs, each weighing 50.5 g.

When these products are oxidized in the body, energy is released: Q \u003d q m

Q I \u003d 6 900 103 J / kg 0.110 kg \u003d 759 103 J / kg \u003d 759 kJ

After beating the eggs a little, she took out a cast-iron frying pan with a wooden handle and began cooking. When preparing breakfast, she had a question: why, after beating eggs, most of the proteins turned into foam and why it is easier to cook in a cast-iron pan, rather than a steel one. The foam is because the molecules in the egg white are entangled like pasta. When the protein is whipped or heated, the molecules straighten out and begin to attract each other more tightly, so the protein becomes stiffer. It has been experimentally established that any substance has a specific heat capacity. Cast iron has a higher specific heat capacity (540 Jkg) than steel (500 J/kg), so thick, massive cast iron pans and pots heat up the bottom more evenly than those made of thin steel. Then she began to prepare a sandwich, having previously calculated its energy value and not forgetting about milk.

V \u003d 200 cm 3 \u003d 0.002 m 3;

ρ \u003d 1,030 kg / m 3;

m \u003d ρ V \u003d 1,030 kg / m 3 0.002 m 3 \u003d 0.206 kg.

Q M \u003d 2 800 103 J / kg 0.206 kg \u003d 576.8 103 J \u003d 576.8 kJ

To prepare a sandwich, it took 100 g of a loaf and 20 g of butter. When these products are oxidized in the body, energy is released:

Q B \u003d 10 470 103 J / kg 0.12 kg \u003d 1 256.4 103 J \u003d 1 256.4 kJ

Q SM \u003d 32,700 103 J / kg 0.03 kg \u003d 981 103 J \u003d 981 kJ. Total: 3573.2 kJ, which, translated into kilocalories, is 893.3 kcal. This is enough to not feel hungry until lunch, even with vigorous activity.

In order to drink a cup of hot coffee with milk, the girl first pours hot coffee into the cup, but does not immediately dilute it with cold milk. She knows that, according to the law of thermodynamics, heat exchange between bodies is the more intense, the greater the difference in their temperatures. Since all the energy of coffee goes into milk, we can draw up an equation for heat balance. If milk is not added immediately, the coffee will cool faster. She also knows that one of the types of heat transfer is also present here - convection: the transfer of energy by jets of liquid or gas. Heated liquid layers are lighter and less dense and are displaced upwards by heavier (cold layers).

Looking at the cup of coffee, the girl saw strange patterns, as if the surface of the coffee was dotted with some kind of polygons. She knew that if the temperature at the bottom of the liquid is much higher than in the upper layers, then the liquid becomes unstable, and convection currents form in it, in which the hotter liquid rises and the colder liquid sinks down. In this case, the structures shown in the figure may appear.

Physics in the dressing room. After breakfast, the girl went to get dressed. The first thing she was going to do styling. Doing her hair on her head, she remembered that her hair has such physical and mechanical properties as:

Hygroscopicity (dry hair has about 18% moisture); . capillarity, that is, the ability to absorb and transfer liquids and liquid bodies; stability and strength, which allow certain chemical, physical and mechanical operations to be carried out on the hair; sensitivity to alkalis;

Elasticity and extensibility, which are very significant in working on the hair (formation and even transformation of the internal structure of the hair, especially with a permanent).

Having done her hair, makeup, she began to choose an outfit. It turns out that optical illusions are present not only in makeup, but also in clothing, which has no small role in appearance girls. Forming a certain visual perception figures, a modern girl can hide her flaws and demonstrate her virtues using various methods and techniques.

1. The illusion of overestimating the vertical

2. Illusion of filled space

3. The illusion of overestimating an acute angle

4. Illusion of contrast

5. The illusion of trimming (assimilation)

6. Illusion of striped fabric

7. The illusion of volume reduction when dividing the figure vertically.

8. The illusion of spatiality with a gradual reduction, compression, reduction in the pattern of the fabric.

9. Illusion of psychological distraction

10. The phenomenon of irradiation. It consists in the fact that light objects on a dark background seem to be enlarged against their real sizes and, as it were, capture part of the dark background. In the figure, due to the brightness of the colors, the white square appears larger than the black square on a white background.

Then the girl had another question, what shoes should she choose, and most importantly, what should be the height of the heel?

p = =, since m = 52 kg, S = 0.008 m 2 2, then p = = 31850 Pa for stilettos and with S = 0.2 m 2 2, p = = 1274 Pa for low-heeled shoes or solid sole. High heel pressure is 25 times greater than low heel pressure. Without thinking, she chose boots with not very high heels. She knew perfectly well that it was necessary to take care of her health.

If we look at the human foot from an anatomical point of view, we will see that it is entwined with seven powerful ligaments and tendons, somewhat reminiscent of antique sandals. When walking barefoot, ¼ of the weight falls on the toes, and the remaining ¾ falls on the heels. As soon as we put on shoes with a heel of more than 2 cm, the picture changes radically: ¾ of the weight of the body begins to fall on the fragile forefoot, which is unsuitable for this, which inevitably leads to deformation of the toes over time. But the negative impact of heels on the body is not limited to this. The center of gravity when wearing shoes with high heels shifts forward. And in order to maintain balance when walking, we begin to strongly strain the neck, lower back and legs. Daily increased stress on the lower back can cause congestion in the uterus, ovaries, bladder and intestines. Moreover, the uterus leans back and remains in this position for quite a long time even after changing shoes for more comfortable shoes. And this, in turn, can lead a woman to infertility. Even with the onset of pregnancy, a skewed pelvis can cause complications in childbirth.

Carrying weights puts a lot of pressure on the skeleton, as well as on its formation. Our girl remembers this, so she puts only notebooks and an e-book in her school bag. Knowing about the adverse effects of electromagnetic waves, with prolonged interaction, the girl also carries a cell phone in her bag.

Going out into the street, the girl should also remember the coefficient of friction of shoes, depending on weather conditions. The higher the coefficient of friction, the less slippery the shoe. The diagram shows the dependence of the sliding friction coefficient of the sole material on the type of surface.

This diagram shows that soles made of rubber, rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer have the highest coefficient of friction, while those made of leather and plastic have the lowest. good quality grip has shoes, the sole of which is made of polyurethane.

II. Study of the prestige of technical education among girls.

Purpose of the study- find out whether technical education is a priority for a girl and the need for knowledge of the laws of physics in life. The study participants were a group of girls aged 15-17 (grades 9-11 of school No. 4 in Aleysk) in the amount of 53 people. The questionnaire (Appendix 2) consisted of 6 questions.

Research results

During the survey, it became clear that - hair color (natural) mostly brunettes - 33 people;

- consider technical education prestigious for a girl - 23 people;

A non-technical direction for admission was chosen - 37 people;

The average grade score is 3.5 and above 4.5 - 42 people;

- knowledge about some physical laws help in life - 37 people;

A girl can master a "male" profession - 47 people.

These data allow us to conclude that: the prestige of technical education in our time has significantly decreased among girls, only 7 people enter a technical university. And despite this, almost half of the girls surveyed (23) consider technical education prestigious and did not choose a technical direction for some other reason.

Conclusion.

After conducting research and analyzing one day in the life of a girl, it becomes obvious that the IQ of a person does not depend on gender or hair color. Every girl, like a young man, is inextricably linked with physics. A girl every day faces a thousand physical phenomena and processes, but she knows how to use them no worse than a guy. Unfortunately, only dozens of women and girls were able to cross the threshold of ordinary life and provide the world with new knowledge in the field of physics and mathematics, but such a small number in science does not give the right to say that women do not understand anything at all! The conducted research can be used both in the lessons of physics, technology, and in extracurricular activities.

In my opinion, this work is of interest from a cognitive point of view, will help develop interest in such a complex subject, like physics, for both boys and girls.

Literature

1. Physics textbooks:

physics grade 10. G.Ya.Myakishev, B.B.Bukhovtsev.

physics 7 - 9 grade. A.V. Peryshkin, E.M. Gutnik.

Internet resources:

https://en.wikipedia

https://sibac.info

https://www.liveinternet.ru

Annex 1.

The number of female astronauts from different countries and their flight activity

Countries	Number of female astronauts	1 flight	2 flights	3 flights	4 flights	5 flights
Russia / USSR
Great Britain
The Republic of Korea

Appendix 2

Questionnaire for girls in grades 9-11 (______________ years)

1.Hair color (natural)

A. blonde B. brunette C. other

2. Do you consider technical education prestigious for a girl?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

3. What direction did you choose for admission?

A. technical B. other C. don't know

4. What is the average grade?

A. below 3.5 B. 3.5 - 4.5 C. above 4.5

5. Can knowledge about some physical laws help you in life?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

6. Can a girl master a "male" profession?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

The article was created on the basis of materials from the Internet, a physics textbook and my own knowledge.

I never liked physics, I did not know and tried to avoid it as much as possible. However, lately I understand more and more: our whole life comes down to simple laws physics.

1) The simplest, but most important of them is the Law of Conservation and Conversion of Energy.

It sounds like this: "The energy of any closed system remains constant for all processes occurring in the system." And we are in just such a system. Those. how much we give, so much we get. If we want to get something, we must give the same amount before that. And nothing else! And we, of course, want to get a big salary, but not go to work. Sometimes an illusion is created that “fools are lucky” and happiness falls on their heads for many. Read any fairy tale. Heroes constantly have to overcome huge difficulties! Now swim in the cold water, then in the boiled water. Men attract the attention of women with courtship. The women, in turn, take care of these men and the children. And so on. So, if you want to get something, take the trouble to give first. The movie "Pay It Forward" very clearly reflects this law of physics.

There is another joke on the subject:
Law of conservation of energy:
If you come to work in the morning energetic, and leave like a squeezed lemon, then
1. someone else came in like a squeezed lemon and left energetic
2. you were used to heat the room

2) The next law is: "The force of action is equal to the force of reaction"

This law of physics reflects the previous one, in principle. If a person committed a negative act - conscious or not - he then received a response, i.e. opposition. Sometimes cause and effect are scattered in time, and you may not immediately understand where the wind is blowing from. We must, most importantly, remember that nothing just happens. As an example, we can cite parental education, which then manifests itself after several decades.

3) The next law is the Law of the Lever. Archimedes exclaimed: "Give me a point of support, and I will turn the Earth!". Any weight can be carried if you choose the right lever. You always need to figure out how long the lever will need to achieve a particular goal and draw a conclusion for yourself, prioritize. Understand how to calculate your strength, whether you need to spend so much effort to create the right leverage and move this weight, or is it easier to leave it alone and do other activities.

4) The so-called gimlet rule, which is that it indicates the direction magnetic field. This rule answers the eternal question: who is to blame? And he points out that we ourselves are to blame for everything that happens to us. No matter how insulting it may be, no matter how difficult it may be, no matter how, at first glance, unfair it may be, we must always be aware that we ourselves were the cause from the very beginning.

5) Surely someone remembers the law of addition of velocities. It sounds like this: "The speed of a body relative to a fixed frame of reference is equal to the vector sum of the speed of this body relative to a moving frame of reference and the speed of the most mobile frame of reference relative to a fixed frame" Sounds difficult? Now let's figure it out.
The principle of adding velocities is nothing but arithmetic sum speed terms as mathematical concepts or definitions.

Velocity is one of the essential phenomena related to kinetics. Kinetics studies the processes of transfer of energy, momentum, charge and matter in various physical systems and the influence of external fields on them. It may be presumptuous, but then, from the point of view of kinetics, one can also consider whole line social processes, such as conflicts.

Therefore, in the presence of two conflicting objects and their contact, a law similar to the law of conservation of velocities (as a fact of energy transfer) should work? This means that the strength and aggression of the conflict depends on the degree of conflict between the two (three, four) parties. The more aggressive and strong they are, the more violent and destructive the conflict. If one of the parties is not in conflict, then there is no increase in the degree of aggressiveness.

Everything is very simple. And if you can’t look inside yourself to understand the cause-and-effect relationships of your problem, just open a 8th grade physics textbook.

.

Physics surrounds us everywhere, especially
Houses. We are used to not seeing it.
Knowledge of physical phenomena and laws
helps us with household chores,
protects against errors.
Look at what's going on
you at home through the eyes of a physicist, and you will see
a lot of interesting and useful!

Survey results

Questions
students
adults
1.


condensation
2.

in physics?

3.


98 %
electric shock
35%
42 %
short circuit
30%
45%

23%
62 %
4.

unpleasant situations
88%
73 %
5.


30%
100%
safety
47%
100%
operating rules
12%
96%

43%
77%

in
du
five
ti
m
ki
s
m
ev
But
Hedgehog
units
n
To glass cup
didn't burst when into it
pour boiling water into it
put a metal
spoon.
From two cups of boiling water
the one with
the wall is thinner because it
heats up evenly faster.

When we
washing in the bathroom
If in a cup
fogging
pour
mirrors and walls
hot water
happening in
and cover
result
Cold water faucet always
lid,
condensation
can be distinguished by
then water vapor
water vapor.
drops of water
which formed on it condenses
on the lid.
when water vapor condenses.

Can't be washed
together colored
and white things!
tea brewing
Tea is always brewed
pickled cucumbers,
boiling water, since at the same time mushrooms, fish, etc.
Spreading odors
diffusion occurs
faster

Pot handles are made from
materials that do not conduct well
warm so you don't get burned
Do not open pot lid
and look into it
when it boils water.
Steam burns are very dangerous!
If the lid of the pot
metal handle,
and there are no potholders at hand,
then you can use
with a clothespin or inserted into
hole plug.

can be used for storage
hot and cold foods
The inner glass flask of the thermos has
double walls, between which the vacuum. This
prevents heat loss in
as a result of heat conduction.
The flask is silver in color
prevent heat loss by radiation.
If there is no thermos, then
jar of soup
wrap in foil and
newspaper or wool
handkerchief, but a saucepan
with soup can be covered
fluffy or cotton
Housing protects the flask
blanket.
from damage.
Cork prevents
heat loss through
convection. Besides,
she has a bad
thermal conductivity.

The carpet has a bad
thermal conductivity,
so your feet are warmer.
The tree has a bad
thermal conductivity, so
wooden parquet is warmer,
than other coatings.
In double-glazed windows
between panes
there is air
(sometimes even
are pumped out).
Its bad
thermal conductivity
hinders
heat exchange
between the cold
outdoor air
and warm air
in the room.
Besides,
double-glazed windows
reduce the level
noise.

10.

Batteries in apartments
placed at the bottom because
hot air from
as a result of convection
goes up and
heats up the room.
The hood is located
above the stove,
hot vapors and vapors
rise from food.

11.

With traditional heating
the rooms are the coldest
place in the room is
floor, and the warmest near the ceiling.
Unlike convection,
room heating by radiation
from the floor comes from below
up and your feet won't get cold!

12.

Magnetic fasteners on bags and jackets.
Decorative magnets.
Magnetic locks on furniture.

13.

To increase the pressure we sharpen
scissors and knives, use thin needles.

14.

In everyday life we ​​often use
simple mechanics:
lever, screw, gate, wedge

15.

16.

To increase the friction we wear
shoes with embossed soles.
The rug in the hallway is made on
rubber base.
On toothbrushes and pens
use special
rubber pads.

17.

Clean and dry hair
when combing with a plastic comb
are attracted to it, because as a result of friction
comb and hair acquire charges,
equal in magnitude and opposite
by sign. metal comb
does not produce such an effect,
is a good conductor

18.

When turning on and operating the TV
the screen creates a strong
electric field.
We discovered it with
foil sleeve.
Due to the electrostatic field
Dust sticks to the TV screen
so it needs to be cleaned regularly!
Not allowed while the TV is on
be at a distance of less than 0.5 m
from its back and side panels.
Strong magnetic field coils,
controlling the electron beam,
bad effect on the human body!

19.

room
thermometer
Watch
Ter
mom
etr
Barometer
Scales
Tonometer
Beaker

20.

In the presented electrical appliances
the thermal action of the current is used.

21.

So that there are no overloads and short
closures, do not include multiple
powerful devices in one outlet!

22.

Unplugging the appliance from the socket,
don't pull on the wire!
Do not take electrical appliances
wet hands!
Do not plug in
faulty electrical appliances!
Keep track of the correctness
wiring insulation!
Turn off when you leave home
all electrical appliances!

23. To protect devices from short circuits and power surges, use voltage stabilizers!

For connecting appliances
high power
(electric stoves,
washing machines),
Should be installed
special sockets!

24. The power supply system of the apartment

25. Devices that emit

By mobile phone Can
talk no more than 20 minutes. in a day!

26. Devices requiring special care when using

27.

28.

Ranges of electromagnetic radiation
various household electrical appliances
Avoid prolonged exposure to strong EMF.
Install underfloor heating if necessary
choose systems with a lower magnetic field level.

29. Plan for the correct location of electrical equipment in the apartment

30. Survey results

Questions
students
adults
1.
What physical phenomena do you notice in everyday life?
95% noticed boiling, evaporation and
condensation
2.
Have you ever used the knowledge
in physics?
76% gave an affirmative answer
3.
Have you ever been in unpleasant situations?
burns from steam or hot parts of dishes
98 %
electric shock
35%
42 %
short circuit
30%
45%
plugged the appliance into the socket and it burned out
23%
62 %
4.
Could your knowledge of physics help you avoid
unpleasant situations
88%
73 %
5.
When buying household appliances, are you interested in their:
technical specifications
30%
100%
safety
47%
100%
operating rules
12%
96%
possible negative health effects
43%
77%

31. Analysis of survey results

When studying physics at school, more attention is needed
pay attention to practical application physical
knowledge in everyday life.
The school should introduce students to physical
phenomena underlying the operation of household appliances.
Particular attention should be paid to the possible
negative effects of household appliances on the body
person.
In physics lessons, students should be taught how to use
instructions for electrical appliances.
Before allowing a child to use a household
electrical appliance, adults must ensure that
the child has firmly mastered the rules of safety when
dealing with him.

Helen Czerski

Physicist, oceanographer, presenter of popular science programs on the BBC.

When it comes to physics, we present some formulas, something strange and incomprehensible, unnecessary ordinary person. We may have heard something about quantum mechanics and cosmology. But between these two poles is precisely everything that makes up our daily life: planets and sandwiches, clouds and volcanoes, bubbles and musical instruments. And they are all governed by a relatively small number of physical laws.

We can constantly observe these laws in action. Take, for example, two eggs - raw and boiled - and spin them, and then stop. The boiled egg will remain motionless, the raw one will begin to rotate again. This is because you only stopped the shell, and the liquid inside continues to rotate.

This is a clear demonstration of the law of conservation of angular momentum. Simplified, it can be formulated as follows: starting to rotate around a constant axis, the system will continue to rotate until something stops it. This is one of the fundamental laws of the universe.

It comes in handy not only when you need to distinguish a boiled egg from a raw one. It can also be used to explain how the Hubble Space Telescope, being without any support in space, aims the lens at a certain part of the sky. It just has spinning gyroscopes inside, which essentially behave the same as a raw egg. The telescope itself rotates around them and thus changes its position. It turns out that the law, which we can test in our kitchen, also explains the device of one of the most outstanding technologies of mankind.

Knowing the basic laws governing our daily life, we stop feeling helpless.

To understand how the world around us works, we must first understand its basics -. We have to understand that physics is not just weird scientists in laboratories or complicated formulas. It is right in front of us, available to everyone.

Where to start, you might think. Surely you noticed something strange or incomprehensible, but instead of thinking about it, you told yourself that you are an adult and you do not have time for this. Chersky advises not to dismiss such things, but to start with them.

If you don't want to wait for something interesting to happen, put raisins in your soda and see what happens. Watch spilled coffee dry up. Tap the spoon on the edge of the cup and listen for the sound. Finally, try dropping the sandwich so that it doesn't fall butter-side down.