The child is ready for a new school life or not, is determined by the combination of such features:

• morphological;
• psychological;
• personal.

The degree of their formation depends on:

• proper maturation of the body of a preschooler (especially the central nervous system);
• level of development mental processes;
• social environment in which the baby was brought up;
• personal qualities, which he developed;
• availability of basic universal learning skills.

Let's present the main types of school readiness and their characteristics in the table.

Physical	Level of physical and biological development, state of health.
Psychological	intellectual	Availability of the necessary knowledge base, readiness to perceive and assimilate new information.
	Social	Willingness to interact with the surrounding society.
	Personal	A formed internal position, which is the basis for a conscious entry into the role of a schoolchild.
	Emotional-volitional	The ability to control your motives, desires, mood. The presence of moral attitudes.
Special	Basic learning skills

According to experts, school readiness is formed in children between the ages of six and seven. However, each child has an individual pace of development. The decision on whether to send him to school should be made on the basis of an assessment of the entire list of necessary qualities.

Physical readiness

This type of readiness to study at school, as physical readiness, is determined on the basis of the correspondence of the level of development of the child's body to the basic age norms. Should be considered whole line criteria.

1. Level of biological development:

• height;
• weight;
• performance;
• a system of conditional verbal reactions;
• maturity of the digestive and urinary systems.

1. The state of health and analyzer systems. To determine the state of health before entering school, the child must undergo a medical examination and receive a conclusion that he is healthy and can study in a general education institution. Special attention is given to checking vision and hearing, which are of paramount importance for the perception of information.

If there are any medical deviations or contraindications, it is necessary to postpone enrollment in the first class, undergo a course of treatment or take care of creating special educational conditions for the child.

General physical development. It is determined by the presence of basic physical qualities:

• dexterity;
• speed;
• force;
• movement coordination.

The level of development of the main types of movements:

• jumping;
• slopes;
• squats;
• crawl.

Development fine motor skills hands:

• hold a pen or pencil;
• draw clear lines;
• move small items
• fold a piece of paper.

Hygiene skills, self-care skills. The child must:

• wash;
• brush your teeth;
• to wash hands;
• use the toilet;
• dress;
• fasten and tie shoelaces;
• take care of your appearance;
• use cutlery;
• clean up the dishes;
• organize workplace;
• collect, fold and put away your belongings.

Knowledge of the basics of health. The child has knowledge of:

• the importance of being healthy;
• the need to protect health;
• daily routine;
• the importance of sports.

A physically healthy and prepared child, a changed daily routine and level of stress.

Psychological readiness

Consider the types of psychological readiness for school, which covers several aspects.

Mental readiness includes:

• sufficient knowledge of the world around;
• the ability to operate with existing knowledge to solve various problems;
• curiosity, the need for new knowledge;
• the level of mental activity that will ensure the assimilation of new knowledge;
• the presence of verbal-logical and figurative thinking;
• well-developed speech lexicon;
• developed sensory skills;
• sustained attention;
• strong memory.

Intellectual preparation for school entry is necessary condition for successful completion of the curriculum.

Social readiness is based on the following components:

• communication;
• the desire to communicate with peers, to establish friendly relations with them;
• the ability to listen to the interlocutor;
• willingness to follow the line;
• willingness to follow the leader or to show leadership qualities yourself;
• understanding of the social hierarchy, willingness to obey the requirements of elders.

The foundations of the relationship of the child with the outside world are laid in the family and develop in the process of visiting preschool. "Home" children are more difficult to adapt to the conditions of the school team.

Personal readiness to enter school is related to the degree of formation of the child's internal attitude to the fact that his role in society is changing, the attitude of adults and their system of requests to him is changing. A first-grader must consciously take the position of a student and have. It is important that his positive motivation is not based on external aspects (acquisition of new clothes, possession of office supplies, etc.), but on the fact that by attending school, he will become smarter, will be able to develop his abilities and skills.

In addition, the child must be prepared that in the family he will be considered more mature and independent. Therefore, the number of demands and family responsibilities will increase. In this regard, the situation is especially difficult in families where there are still children of preschool age.

Emotional-volitional readiness implies the presence of such aspects:

• the joyful expectation of going to school;
• acceptance of goals educational activities and positive attitude towards them;
• the ability to subordinate their motives to the collective;
• the ability to consciously manage one's behavior in accordance with moral principles;
• desire to overcome difficulties;
• the desire to achieve high results in their activities;
• conscious determination of some positive and negative qualities of one's character and willingness to change;
• the presence of restraint, perseverance, independence, perseverance, discipline and organization.

A high level of emotional and volitional readiness for school is the key to successful learning. Indeed, in this case, even having problems at the initial stage of school adaptation, the child will be able to overcome them and will not experience difficulties in the future.

special readiness

Special readiness for schooling is that the child has some universal learning skills:

• name letters;
• read syllables or words;
• count, add and subtract within 10;
• write individual elements;
• draw simple objects;
• do light exercise.

This is just an indicative list. Usually such skills are formed during special classes that are held in kindergarten. Their presence is necessary for the study of school subjects provided for by the curriculum.

It is important that all the basic types of a child's readiness for school are formed at a sufficient level. Only in this case, under conditions of systematic education, the child will not experience a deterioration in health, he will cope with the requirements, successfully master the school curriculum and socially and psychologically adapt to school life.

In the life of any child, sooner or later there comes a moment when it is time to go to school. The future first grader does not yet know what awaits him. Carelessness, carelessness and immersion in the game will be replaced by many restrictions, duties and requirements. Now I have to go to class every day, do homework.

How can you determine whether the baby is ready for a new life stage? There are special criteria for school readiness: intellectual, motivational, psychological, social, physical.

Parents are wrong when they think that their baby is ready for school because he can read and write. The child, despite this, can be difficult to be given the school curriculum. The reason is the lack of intellectual preparation for entering the educational institution. Intellectual readiness for school is determined by thinking, memory, attention.

Thinking

Before starting school, the child should be given knowledge about the world around him: about other people and about the relationship between them, about nature. The child must:

• know some information about yourself (name, surname, place of residence);
• distinguish geometric shapes (circle, rectangle, triangle, square);
• know colors;
• understand the meanings of the following words: "less", "greater", "low", "high", "narrow", "wide", "right", "left", "between", "near", "above", " under";
• be able to compare various objects and find differences in them, generalize, analyze, determine the signs of phenomena and objects.

Memory

It is much easier for a student to learn if he has a well-developed memory. To determine the readiness of the child for school, you can read a short text to him and ask him to retell it in a couple of weeks. You can also prepare 10 different objects and pictures and show them to your child. Then he will have to name those that he remembered.

Attention

The effectiveness of schooling will directly depend on whether the child is able to listen carefully to the teacher, not to be distracted by other students. The attention and readiness of preschoolers for school can be checked by a simple task - read aloud a few pairs of words and ask them to determine in each of them the word that is the longest. If the baby asks again, it means that his attention is poorly developed, and he was distracted by something during the exercise.

Motivational readiness for school

Parents, preparing a child for a new period of life, should form his motivation for learning, because it is the key to future success. Motivational readiness for school is formed if the child:

• wants to attend classes;
• seeks to learn new and interesting information;
• wants to acquire new knowledge.

Psychological readiness for school

In an educational institution, the child will have strict requirements that differ from the requirements that he was introduced to at home and in kindergarten, and all of them will have to be met.

Psychological readiness to the school is determined by the following aspects:

• the presence of such qualities as independence and organization;
• the ability to manage one's own behavior;
• readiness for new forms of cooperation with adults.

Social readiness for school

A child ready for school should have a desire to communicate with peers. He must be able to establish relationships both with other children and with adults. It is worth noting that the relationship of the child with others is a mirror of those relationships that prevail at home in the family. It is from his parents that the baby takes an example.

To assess social readiness for school, it is recommended to check:

• is it easy for the child to join the company of children playing;
• whether he knows how to listen to someone else's opinion without interrupting;
• whether he observes the queue in situations where it is necessary;
• whether he knows how to participate in a conversation with several people, whether he can keep up the conversation.

Physical readiness for school

Healthy children adapt much faster to the changes in their lives that are associated with the start of schooling. It is physical development that determines physical readiness for school.

To assess development and determine whether a child is ready for a new life stage, you can do the following:

• check his hearing;
• check your vision;
• evaluate the child's ability to sit quietly for a while;
• check if he has developed coordination of motor skills (can he play with a ball, jump, go up and down stairs);
• estimate appearance child (does he look rested, vigorous, healthy).

Testing a future first grader

Before entering an educational institution, children undergo special testing. It is not aimed at accepting only strong students and refusing weak ones. The legislation states that the school does not have the right to refuse parents to accept a child in the first grade, even if he cannot pass the interview.

Tests are necessary for teachers to determine the weak and strengths the child, the level of his intellectual, psychological, social and personal readiness for classes.

To determine the intellectual readiness for learning at school, the following tasks can be given:

• count from 1 to 10;
• perform simple arithmetic operations in the problem;
• change nouns by number, gender;
• come up with a story for the picture;
• lay out figures from matches;
• arrange the pictures in order;
• read the text;
• classify geometric shapes;
• draw something.

To assess psychological readiness, the teacher proposes to pass a test to assess the level of development of fine motor skills of the hand, to identify the ability to work for some time without being distracted, the ability to imitate a specific model.

On testing, the following tasks may be given to determine the readiness of the child for school:

• draw a person
• draw letters or a group of dots.

Also in this block, the child can be asked questions, the answers to which can determine how he is oriented in reality.

When assessing social readiness, the teacher suggests drawing a picture based on the reflection in the mirror, solving situational problems, coloring the figures according to certain instructions, drawing the child's attention to the fact that other children will continue the drawing.

Personal readiness is determined by the teacher in the course of a conversation with the child. Diagnosis of a child's readiness for school is carried out thanks to the questions that are asked to the crumbs about the school, about how they would act in certain situations, with whom they would like to be at the same desk, with whom they would like to be friends. In addition, the teacher will ask the child to express his opinion about himself, talk about his qualities or choose them from the proposed list.

The second time in the first class, or the readiness of parents

Not only children, but also their parents should be ready for school. It is important to understand that getting your child into first grade is a rather costly process. Mom and dad should be prepared for big expenses. The child will need stationery, clothes, shoes, a briefcase. The school may need financial support. Monthly expenses will include the cost of meals, security services.

Of no small importance is the psychological readiness of parents for school. Many mothers and fathers often worry about their child when there is no reason for it. You need to understand that the baby has already matured and wised up, moved into a new stage of his life. life path. He no longer needs to be treated like a child. Let him get used to independent living. If the child encounters failure or finds himself in some unpleasant situation, then you should immediately come to his aid.

What if the child does not meet the eligibility criteria?

Many parents are currently faced with the problem of school readiness when a child is found to have shortcomings and is told that it is too early for him to learn. Inattention, absent-mindedness, lack of perseverance are manifested in almost every 6-7-year-old child.

Parents should not panic in such a situation. If the baby is only 6 or 7 years old, then it is not necessary to send him to school at this time. Many children start school only after they are 8 years old. By this time, all the problems that were noticed earlier may disappear.

Do not forget about classes. It is desirable for parents to teach their son or daughter to read and write before school. If a child, according to indicators of school readiness, has been found to have some problems with memory or thinking, then there are a huge number of different tasks and exercises that can develop this. If the baby has any deviations, then you can contact a specialist, for example, a psychologist or a speech therapist.

How to prepare your child for a new life at the school desk, help him find friends and get interested in learning - all this with child psychologist Svetlana Klyuvaeva.

Natalya Kozhina, AiF.ru: Svetlana, it's no secret that some children want to study, while others don't. Do you have a recipe for how to make sure that the child goes to school on September 1st, like on a holiday?

Svetlana Klyuvaeva: The fact is that many parents start to scare the child from childhood: “When you go to school, the teacher will not wait for you there. Everything has to be done quickly. You can't mess around there." And the child grows up expecting that school is something terrible, where teachers are strict, where you can’t relax, where everything will be very tough. Is it any wonder then that your child does not want to go to first grade?

Build your dialogue with the child in a different way. At 4-5 years old, parents can tell that school is the place where you will study, make new friends, that is, school is not scary at all, but very interesting. If parents set up the child that he will be fine at school, it will be interesting, he will have many friends, he will enjoy learning something new, then the child will look forward to school as an interesting adventure in his life.

N.K. AiF.ru: At what age is it better to send a child to school, from six or still from seven?

S.K.: It is better to send a child to school from the age of 7, because, according to our psychologists who observed children who went to school early, many of them were not ready for learning activities. If in primary school they studied well due to the good memory that is present at this age, then in high school they already experienced difficulties, because other mechanisms were turned on there, such as logic, cause-and-effect relationships, and it was already difficult for them. Therefore, if you are in doubt - to give a child at 6 or at 7 years old, it is better to give at 7.

N.K. AiF.ru: What factors indicate that a child is ready for school?

S.K: If your child can work out on his own for 20-30 minutes, doing some kind of task. Not just playing or drawing what he wants, but doing the task. For example, circle a picture from dots, redraw something. This suggests that arbitrary functions are formed sufficiently for school classes. And psychological readiness can be tested in this way: ask the child if he wants to go to school. The child who is already ready, who has already formed a propensity for learning activities, will say: “I want to go to school because I will learn a lot of new things there.” He has a curiosity. A child who is not ready either does not want to go to school or talks about going there to play.

N.K. AiF.ru: School is a certain mode, how to accustom a child to it?

S.K.: It is imperative to observe the mode of getting up and going to bed, which will correspond to the time when he goes to school. That is, if a child is used to getting up at 10 or 11, and on the first of September he gets up at 7 in the morning, it will be stressful for him. Therefore, already in August, if the child is not accustomed to this, then it is necessary to teach him to get up on time for school. In all other respects, nothing special needs to be done.

N.K. AiF.ru: Svetlana, how do you feel about testing children for their inclination to the humanities or the exact sciences, is it necessary to do this?

S.K.: IN early age revealed, the maturity of brain structures, general awareness. In principle, if parents have a desire, testing can be done. But then again, elementary school is more about process. Many parents want to shove a lot of knowledge into the child as early as possible, but the same mathematics, physics will sound later, when the child moves into high school. Therefore, in elementary school, it is better to choose not a school, but a teacher who will help the child adapt to school, love the process, and not discourage learning. In elementary school, it is this that is important, and not the knowledge that he will receive. It is important what base he gets, and special items can be studied later.

N.K. AiF.ru: How to minimize the stress of a child from a new environment and new students with whom he will meet on the first of September?

S.K.: There is a mass different ways, for example, you can make sure that the child goes to the first grade already having friends. To do this, you can meet several parents from your future class and, before the start of classes, arrange some joint trips to a cafe, a game center several times, so that the children can get to know each other, play, and laugh. That way, when they meet on September 1st, they'll be good friends and their anxiety about what's in store for them in first grade will be gone. In addition, to reduce anxiety, you can introduce the child to the teacher so that he knows who his teacher is before September 1, show him where his class is, where the toilet is, how to get from class to the toilet, how to ask for the toilet. If the child is anxious, if you know that he may have such difficulties, then it is better to play it, to form such a skill. Play school, where, for example, the child is a teacher, and the mother is a student. Or a bunny - a student who is afraid to go to the toilet. And such situations lose.

It is also good to play situations when the teacher asks and you are afraid to answer. Or the children are friends, you want to play with them and don't know how to approach, how to get to know each other. A child can be taught this, and then he already comes with the knowledge of how to enter into such social relations with the teacher and other children.

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The whole family is waiting for September 1 - the future first grader is growing up. How to properly prepare the baby for a new stage in his life, and most importantly, to determine whether the child is still ready for school?

It is no secret that readiness for school is not determined by the age of the child. The ability to carry out educational activities, as well as the adoption of the social position of the student, comes to the fore.

Experts identify several areas by which one can judge readiness for school: intelligence, motivation, psychological readiness and physical abilities.

Intelligence

It is a big mistake to assume that the baby is ready to study, as he can read and write. The child, despite this, can be difficult to be given the school curriculum. The reason for this is the insufficient formation of the processes of thinking, memory, attention.

Before starting school, a child must learn knowledge about the world around him: about other people and about the relationship between them, about nature. The kid should know basic information about himself (first name, last name, place of residence), distinguish between geometric shapes (circle, rectangle, triangle, square), know colors, know spatial characteristics, sizes, be able to compare various objects and find differences in them, generalize , analyze, determine the signs of phenomena and objects. Great importance have such productive skills as drawing, modeling, designing, in which the highest forms of activity regulation develop - planning, correction, control.

Motivation

Motivational readiness for school is considered formed if the kid wants to attend classes, seeks to learn new information, wants to acquire new knowledge. Here it is important to pay attention to the stability of this interest, the ability to exercise volitional effort.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the child's ability to build their behavior and activities in accordance with the established rules, the implementation of actions according to the proposed samples.

Psychological readiness

Unlike the requirements kindergarten, the set of school requirements is larger and tougher. Pay attention to the development of your baby's communication qualities, emotional "flexibility", his independence and organization, the ability to regulate his own behavior, readiness for new forms of cooperation with adults.

A child ready for school should have a desire to communicate with their peers. He must be able to establish relationships both with other children and with adults.

Answer the following questions:

• whether the child is easily included in the company of playing children;
• whether he knows how to listen to someone else's opinion without interrupting;
• whether he observes the queue in situations where it is necessary;
• can he participate in a conversation with several people, can he keep up the conversation?

Physical readiness for school

Physical readiness refers to the general physical development of the child:

• normal weight, height, breast volume, muscle tone, body proportions, skin and indicators corresponding to
• norms of physical development of boys and girls of 6-7 years of age;
• the state of vision, hearing, hand motility;
• state nervous system- the degree of its excitability and balance, strength and mobility;
• general health.

To assess development and determine whether a child is ready for a new life stage, you can do the following:

• check his hearing;
• check your vision;
• evaluate the child's ability to sit quietly for a while;
• check if he has developed coordination of motor skills (can he play with a ball, jump, go up and down stairs);
• evaluate the appearance of the child (does he look rested, alert and healthy).

Entering school is a crucial stage in life, at which the habitual lifestyle whole family. Against the background of delight, joy and surprise, the child has feelings of anxiety, confusion. Parental support during this time is very important! Their task is to prepare a son or daughter and be sure to diagnose readiness for school.

Many parents of six-year-olds are very worried about their children, who have to go to school. They ask themselves questions: Will the children be able to learn? Is the child ready for school? Can your child cope with school stress?

The section of our site "Preparing children for school" is designed to determine the readiness of the child for school. It can be used by professionals and parents alike. In addition, you will find materials to prepare children for school.

Readiness of the child for school is determined in the following areas:

1. Orientation in the world around - the level of knowledge about the world around, the orientation of the child in life situations is determined.

2. Development of graphic skill - the degree of development of fine motor skills and skills in graphic activity is determined. A child ready for schooling should be able to use a pencil, draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler, draw geometric shapes, people, various objects based on geometric shapes, carefully paint over, hatch with a pencil, without going beyond the contours of objects.

3. Development of perception of sensory standards - the degree of assimilation of generally accepted samples is determined external properties subject (colors of the spectrum as color standards, geometric shapes as form standards). Tasks allow you to determine whether the child is able to compare the perceived object with these standards.

4. Development of perception of space - the degree of formation of the concepts "high" - "low", "far" - "close", "ahead" - "behind", "straight", "side", "left" - "right" is determined.

5. Memory development - the degree of formation of auditory, visual visual-figurative and verbal-logical memory is determined.

6. The level of development of attention - the development of the volume and stability of attention is determined. Tasks also allow you to analyze the development of the volitional sphere. Children who do not have a volitional sphere do not accept the task, are constantly distracted, make many mistakes already at the beginning of work, sometimes begin to draw or paint figures.

7. The level of development of thinking - the degree of formation of verbal-logical thinking is revealed.

8. Development of speech - the ability to perform verbal instructions, understanding the grammatical structure of a sentence, the presence of verbs, adjectives in speech, the development of the ability to select antonyms, the ability to change nouns by numbers are revealed.

9. Development of the emotional sphere - the degree of development of the ability to determine the emotional states of another person, adequately convey their feelings and moods, the presence of knowledge about the norms is revealed social interaction with adults and peers.

Classes with children are best done in the morning. The duration of each lesson should not exceed 20 minutes. When completing tasks, do not rush the child. It is necessary to teach him to work calmly, carefully, carefully completing all tasks. You should explain the difficult task for him several times. All tasks must be read slowly, clearly pronouncing the words.

For classes, the child should have a simple pencil, colored pencils, a ballpoint pen. All graphic tasks should preferably be done in pencil. It is necessary to monitor the position of the notebook, pen, the landing of the child. You should check whether it is convenient for the child to sit at the table, whether the light falls correctly (for a right-handed child, the light should fall on the left, for a left-handed child, on the right).