IN English language traffic is indeed spelled with a double consonant. However, when borrowing from foreign language the second letter is usually lost, which happened with the word "traffic", so you should write it with only one "f".
2. Future
The word "future" often gets the letter "u" by analogy with the word "next". But it is easily disassembled into the root bud- and the suffix -usch-. There is simply no place for an additional sign. If spelling is difficult, you can try to remember through the synonym "future". Still, even those who doubt very much will not raise their hand to write “the coming one”.
3. Offline
The word “offline”, like “offshore”, “offside”, which are close to it, lost a double consonant when they were entered into dictionaries, which is typical for borrowings. At the same time, if the spelling "offline" can still be explained by confusion with the original language, then the "offline" version is puzzling: in English word also written without a hyphen.
4. Rinsing
If you're not talking to your washing machine, it's hard to imagine in what situation you might need the word "rinse." But just in case, it’s worth remembering that you need to correctly give out instructions with the word form “rinse”.
5. Producer
Probably, the extra "s" is formed by analogy with the word "director". But in both Russian and English, “producer” is written without doubled consonants.
6. Come
The word has gone through many transformations. In old books, it can be found in the versions "come" and "come". Yes, and the analogy with "go" is clearly visible. However, in dictionaries it is fixed only in one form - "to come."
7 Grapefruit
No matter how much you want to make "grapefruit" a full-fledged "fruit", this word is pronounced in the same way as in the language from which it was borrowed. Otherwise, the first part of the word would have to be Russified, but “grape fruit” does not sound very attractive.
8. Blogger
For foreign words that extort a second consonant, there is a rule: if there is a single-root word, then you should use only one letter from the double ones. A blogger maintains a blog, so he is not allowed to use extra letters.
9. Hardly
According to Fasmer's etymological dictionary, the immutable particle "hardly" comes from the word "row", it can be used as a test. And the “li” particle is always written separately, so do not be lazy to press the spacebar.
10. Imagine
Frankly speaking, the word "imagination" is not in the vast majority of dictionaries and literary Russian. But it has a certain semantic connotation and can look cute in colloquial speech. At the same time, one does not need to be a linguist to sob with bloody tears from the "vybrazhuli". So check "imagination" with the word "imagination" and spare other people's eyes.
11. Ice cream
If ice cream means a calorie bomb made from milk or cream, then in this word you should always write one “n”. This noun is formed from an imperfective verb, the letter in such cases is not doubled.
12. Cappuccino
IN Italian, from which the name coffee with milk foam comes from, the word cappuccino was generously sprinkled with consonants. But in Russian, none of them is doubled. Therefore, you can nod understandingly when once again instead of cappuccino on the menu you will meet “cappuccino” or “cappuccino”.
13. Mosaic
Whether it's a picture of tightly packed pieces of glass or a children's puzzle, forget the bunnies and spell it right: mosaic.
14. Handwriting
The insidious "d" tries to fit in here, but it has no place in the word "handwriting". Because when you sit down to write a text by hand, you do not intend to emphasize anything, but rather to underline.
15. Bulletin
"Bulletin" is a dictionary word, so you have to memorize it. The fact that it came from the Latin bulla - “ball”, “seal” can help in this.
16. Legitimacy
There are many options for how to mutilate the word "legitimacy", but it's better not to do this and just remember how it is spelled.
17. Realtor
With the word "realtor" it is difficult to avoid confusion. Office programs do not underline it in red in any spelling, the “Russian Guild of Realtors” insists on the letter “e” in its name, and even the authors of dictionaries cannot come to a consensus. And yet in the most authoritative Russian spelling dictionary RAS, edited by Lopatin, the form "realtor" is fixed, it is better to stick to it.
18. Registration
The check word "register" will help you find out which letter is hidden in place of an unstressed vowel, and will not allow you to write "registration" incorrectly.
19. Gynecologist
The gynecologist is not related to the word "gene", but is very closely related to the Greek "gyneka" - "woman".
20. Guest worker
Remembering how the word "guest worker" is written is simple: in German, gastarbeiter consists of two parts: gast - "guest" and arbeiter - "worker".
21. Colander
Another word from German language, where the letters tend to get mixed up. "Colander" comes from durchschlagen, which breaks down into durch - "through", "through" and schlagen - "hit". But if the etymology does not help to remember the correct order of the letters, you can go the associative way, especially since the word is so consonant with a popular curse word.
22. Calories
The word "calorie" was borrowed from French. Calorie entered the Russian language practically unchanged, there are no double consonants in it.
23. Vinaigrette
The name of the salad is derived from the French vinaigre - "vinegar", and it - from the word vin - "wine". This makes it easier to remember how to properly describe the vegetable mixture. As for the second vowel in a word, it is enough to remember that it does not coincide with the first. Then you will write "vinaigrette" without a single mistake.
24. Shopping
In English, shopping is written with a double consonant, and many people want to transfer two "p" to Russian. Fight this desire and remember that there are words with the same root, for example, a shop tour. And if they use only one "p", then in "shopping" you do not need to double the consonant.
25. Terrorist attack
The contraction of the phrase "act of terrorism" is begging for a second consonant, but you should not negotiate with him. According to the rules for the formation of abbreviations, only one of the two consonants is written in them. Therefore, it is correct to write "terrorist attack".
a.neighborhood, b.chase, c.play along, d.old, e.touch,f.tanned,g.purchase.h.danger
2. Choose the words in which the spelling of the vowel is checked by stress: a) r ... seaman; b) apply ... suit; c) disassemble ... rat; .wait; e) regret ... leniation; g) unravel ... roar; h) service ... service.
A a), f), g) B b) c), f) C b), e), f) D e), f), g)
5. Indicate the word in which there are only three consonants.a) Drives b) laugh c) figure d) photo e) mouse f) skis.
6. Find a word in which all consonants are soft.
a) Goal b) honor c) tea d) awl e) bridge e) twist.
7. Indicate the words in which all consonants are voiced.
a) Magpie b) grandfather c) mole d) steppe e) lily e) novel.
8. Indicate the words in which all consonants are deaf.
a) Bones b) quote c) wilderness d) wanting e) clever f) twig.
9. Indicate the words in which the pronunciation does not match the spelling.
a) Late b) flexible c) laughing d) headlight e) fur coat f) happy.
A, clear
B edge
Out the window
G balls
2. Specify the line in which the word matches the scheme: prefix + root + suffix + ending.
And care
B omens
On the road
G hillocks
3. Specify a line in which all words are verbs
.A joy, fun, friendship
B rejoice, have fun, make friends
In joyful, fun, friendly
G joyful, cheerful, friendly
4. Indicate the word in which the separating solid sign is written
.A in..south
B about .. phenomenon
In nightingales..and
G bez..yana
5. Indicate the word with unstressed [o] or [a] at the root, the spelling of which must be checked in the dictionary.
And d..wait
B page on
In v..kzal
G..senny
6. Write down the names Boris, Vera, Anna, Svetlana, Elena in alphabetical order.
7. Pick up and write down a synonym for the adjective in the phrase golden hands.
8. Complete the sentence with secondary members and write it down.
9. Write down the sentence, underline the main terms and insert the missing comma-fifth.
The clouds floated across the sky quietly and high, and the summer day was resting from the heat.
In the next house, on the first floor, a boy was sick - he was bedridden. He had such a dachshund - a black firebrand on four legs. Don't worry, don't worry, Kostya's voice was heard. Mother wants to sell Lapty.
2) Write out a word from the sentence in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
A mighty hillside stretched between the two villages. Once settled in the thicket of the hillside, perhaps one of the most secretive animals, the white-breasted marten. Soon she had children.
3) Write out a word from the sentence in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
Tolik saw how, in the smoke that shrouded the surroundings, two firefighters in helmets rushed to the house, unwinding the hoses on the move, and another car drove up. A dry poplar stood in Tyomka's house. It was already burning at all, like a torch. The burnt branches fell like red worms on roof and roof flared up before Tolik's eyes, took up in an instant.
4) Write out a word from the sentence in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
All day the hunter chased the tracks and noted every little thing, rejoicing that this time the tracks were imprinted on the snow especially sharply. He got rid of extra clothes and things that interfered with him, and now nothing prevented him from moving silently forward and forward. then he glimpsed the middle of the bushes growing here especially densely. Maybe it's a bird? thought Jan. But, looking carefully, he realized: the gray spot in the bushes is the Deer of the Sandy Hills.
I bet most adults have already forgotten what dictionary words and how they once received deuces for which, according to the account, there was an error in the word coat. Although even a well-educated person with higher education(or even more than one) no, no, yes, and stumble on an insidious word the vinaigrette.
Whether it's kids, junior high school students. For them, now vocabulary words are the most important headache. Well, maybe in second place after the multiplication table. But it is much easier to memorize a table than to memorize a spelling dictionary.
Yes, and high school students are sometimes not sweet with words like immunity And disqualification. This article was written about how to help them learn complex spellings.
Since the dictionary words of the Russian language are such a big problem for schoolchildren, we offer several recommendations and ways to solve it. And you, parents, shake your head - you will help children.
What are dictionary words?
vocabulary they name words in which the spelling of some letters cannot be checked according to the rules. Or there are such rules, but, for example, it is difficult to choose a test word (it is outdated, does not apply to literary language etc.) These include both native Russian words and all sorts of borrowings from other languages. The latter is especially difficult. Here's how you can explain why in a word jury letter Yu, not U? No, just remember.
All vocabulary words can be conditionally divided into groups:
- words with an unchecked vowel ( lampshade, idiom, lunar rover);
- double consonant words ( illusion, column, kilogram);
- words with unpronounceable consonants ( agency, hello, explicit);
- words with separator a firm sign (injection, adjutant, conjunctivitis);
- words with prefixes pre/pri ( despise compare with despise);
- hyphenated words ( I’ll pick you up, hello, Ivan-tea, all-in);
- words with separate spelling in close-fitting, in the bosom, on the eye);
- slurred words ( white, shattered, sideways);
- and some other cases.
Learning the spelling of dictionary words is not shameful not only for schoolchildren, but also for adults. To less often have to climb into the spelling dictionary for tips. How to do it faster and more efficiently?
How will we learn vocabulary words?
In the next section, we will take a closer look at the various memorization techniques. In the meantime, let's talk about general points.
So, in order to learn as many vocabulary words as possible, you need to make a list to remember. For example, use an alphabetical index. There are quite a few teaching aids, which contains lists of words that students are supposed to learn in each class. Toddlers, for example, are supposed to memorize about 200 words.
It is better to study little by little, but every day. Even 15 minutes of exercise every day is much more than nothing. The same principle applies here as in the study of foreign languages. Regularity is one of the most important components of success.
It is also worth getting your own spelling dictionary, where the child will write out the complex words that he is currently learning. You can do this: take an ordinary student notebook, cut it in half - that's the dictionary ready. It is easier to use such a “half-notebook” than a whole one. It takes up less space in your bag. In addition, fewer words are placed on a page divided in half - just enough to make it convenient to repeat at a time.
Learning words - algorithm:
- let the child read the dictionary word aloud in syllables;
- explain to him the meaning of the word or look together in the explanatory dictionary;
- mark the stress in the word, and underline the spelling or highlight it in a different color (with a pen, marker, colored pencil);
- write down several words with the same root for this word, make a phrase or sentence, you can use antonyms and synonyms to create associative chains;
- transfer the word to a homemade dictionary;
- try one or more memory methods.
What these methods are will be discussed below.
Ways to remember vocabulary words
There are several such methods, and many of them are based on associations. High school students will cope with the task on their own. But babies may need parental help. Find time in your schedule to spend time with your child. Your participation will help him learn Russian vocabulary words faster and easier. And besides this, such a joint activity brings the family together and strengthens it.
Method 1 - write a story: you can take a few vocabulary words and write a short story in just a few sentences.
Words can be combined by one theme: " We bought a ballet ticket, our seats are on the balcony. To see the scene better, we took binoculars with us.”
Or it could be words with the same spelling. You can compose a story in which " The athlete in the Arena ate an orange.
The main thing is that the child himself participated in the composition. The story does not have to be very coherent or especially logical - the main thing is that the result is a memorable image. Lively enough to stay in memory for a long time - and difficult words will be remembered with it.
Method 2 - draw pictures: can of course be found ready cards with words on the Internet, but doing these yourself is much more effective.
Together with your child, come up with a bright and memorable image for compound word and draw it together. Be sure to reflect those letters whose spelling is difficult to remember in your picture.
For example, hippopotamus can be depicted sitting on the tail - then his legs and torso form the letter E. Or the letter can be entered into the drawing: draw a large Nut and circle it with an O.
By the way, if there are several orthograms in a word, put them all on the drawing in sequence: so E, O and I in the word bike can be depicted as a steering wheel, wheel and frame.
This method is good for nouns that students have to memorize. lower grades. For abstract concepts, it is of little use.
Method 3 - decline the dictionary word: you just need to write down a word with a complex spelling in all cases.
I.p. horizon
R.p. horizon
D.p. horizon
V.p. horizon
etc. horizon
P.p. (O) horizon
This practice, using motor memory, helps to learn spelling.
Method 4 - come up with associations: this way is just good for abstract concepts. Memorizing in this way is similar to learning foreign words. This is probably why high school students and adults prefer it.
Associative chains can be built on sound likeness. That is, to select such words where a similar spelling is under stress. And they still sound the same. For example, remember that eyewitness « oche ny in and dit", and makeup « ma ma inflicts ki stu".
An image based on associations should be quite bright and logical, it can be funny. The vowel being checked must be stressed, the unpronounceable consonant must be clearly audible, etc. To remember the spelling of a word skates, you can imagine "a horse on horse kah". And for the word Honestly to learn that "it is necessary to act honestly for the sake of honor And".
By the way, you can combine several methods for more effective memorization. Especially such words, where several spellings have come together at once. So, you can come up with an image based on associations, sketch it and designate an unverifiable letter in the picture. Let's take the floor plasterer: imagine that "the plasterer has a funny thing, and also he tour ist". Draw a man with a brush that looks like the letter Sh. And let him stand with his legs wide apart and look like the letter A.
Method 5 - use stickers: this method can be considered as the final step after all the previous methods.
Suppose you and your child have drawn funny pictures for vocabulary words. Now cut them out and hang them in different places around the house. And in the child's room (you can over the desk), and in the bathroom - let him admire while brushing his teeth. And even, do not laugh, in the toilet. Well, don't let time go to waste.
They came up with a vivid image, composed a story based on associations, wrote out a dictionary word in their homemade dictionary - and at the same time made a note with this word on a sticker. The more often the words will catch the eye in different non-educational situations, the faster they will be remembered.
Summarize
It is customary to complain that foreign languages are difficult to learn. But think about how difficult it is to learn Russian. As adults, we rarely think about it. But they themselves went through the difficult path that our children are now following.
It is in our power to help them and make it easier for them to memorize words with difficult spellings. If you turn it into a game for toddlers and an exciting puzzle for high school students, it will become much easier.
Get creative with the methods we have suggested to you. There are no strict rules for memorizing vocabulary words. Only little tricks that someone once thought up, tried out and told about them to others. So you, too, tell your friends about this article in in social networks. And to us in the comments - what methods your children use.
site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.
In English, traffic is indeed spelled with a double consonant. However, when borrowing from a foreign language, the second letter is usually lost, which happened with the word “traffic”, so you should write it with only one “f”.
2. Future
The word "future" often gets the letter "u" by analogy with the word "next". But it is easily disassembled into the root bud- and the suffix -usch-. There is simply no place for an additional sign. If spelling is difficult, you can try to remember through the synonym "future". Still, even those who doubt very much will not raise their hand to write “the coming one”.
3. Offline
The word “offline”, like “offshore”, “offside”, which are close to it, lost a double consonant when they were entered into dictionaries, which is typical for borrowings. At the same time, if the spelling “offline” can still be explained by confusion with the original language, then the version “offline” is puzzling: in English, the word is also written without a hyphen.
4. Rinsing
If you're not talking to your washing machine, it's hard to imagine in what situation you might need the word "rinse." But just in case, it’s worth remembering that you need to correctly give out instructions with the word form “rinse”.
5. Producer
Probably, the extra "s" is formed by analogy with the word "director". But in both Russian and English, "producer" is written without.
6. Come
The word has gone through many transformations. In old books, it can be found in the versions "come" and "come". Yes, and the analogy with "go" is clearly visible. However, in dictionaries it is fixed only in one form - “to come”.
7 Grapefruit
No matter how much you want to make "grapefruit" a full-fledged "fruit", this word is pronounced in the same way as in the language from which it was borrowed. Otherwise, the first part of the word would have to be Russified, but “grape fruit” does not sound very attractive.
8. Blogger
For foreign words that extort a second consonant, there is a rule: if there is a single-root word, then you should use only one letter from the double ones. The blogger leads, so he is not allowed to use extra letters.
9. Hardly
According to Fasmer's etymological dictionary, the immutable particle "hardly" comes from the word "row", it can be used as a test. And the “li” particle is always written separately, so do not be lazy to press the spacebar.
10. Imagine
Frankly speaking, the word "imagination" is not in the vast majority of dictionaries and literary Russian. But it has a certain semantic connotation and can look cute in colloquial speech. At the same time, one does not need to be a linguist to sob with bloody tears from the "vybrazhuli". So check "imagination" with the word "imagination" and spare other people's eyes.
11. Ice cream
If ice cream means a calorie bomb made from milk or cream, then you should always write one “n” in this word. This noun is formed from an imperfective verb, the letter in such cases is not doubled.
12. Cappuccino
In the Italian language, from which the name coffee with milk foam comes, the word cappuccino was generously sprinkled with consonants. But in Russian, none of them is doubled. Therefore, you can nod understandingly when once again instead of cappuccino on the menu you will meet “cappuccino” or “cappuccino”.
13. Mosaic
Whether it's a picture of tightly packed pieces of glass or a children's puzzle, forget the bunnies and spell it right: mosaic.
14. Handwriting
The insidious "d" tries to fit in here, but it has no place in the word "handwriting". Because when you sit down to write a text by hand, you do not intend to emphasize anything, but rather to underline.
15. Bulletin
"Bulletin" is a dictionary word, so you have to memorize it. The fact that it came from the Latin bulla - “ball”, “seal” can help in this.
16. Legitimacy
There are many options for how to mutilate the word "legitimacy", but it's better not to do this and just remember how it is spelled.
17. Realtor
With the word "realtor" it is difficult to avoid confusion. Office programs do not underline it in red with any spelling, "Russian Guild of Realtors" In its name insists on the letter "e", and even the authors of dictionaries cannot come to a consensus. And yet, in the most authoritative Russian spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by Lopatin, the form “realtor” is fixed, it is better to stick to it.
18. Registration
The check word "register" will help you find out which letter is hidden in place of an unstressed vowel, and will not allow you to write "registration" incorrectly.
19. Gynecologist
The gynecologist is not related to the word "gene", but is very closely related to the Greek "gyneka" - "woman".
20. Guest worker
Remembering how the word "guest worker" is written is simple: in German, gastarbeiter consists of two parts: gast - "guest" and arbeiter - "worker".
21. Colander
Another word from the German language, where the letters tend to get mixed up. "Colander" comes from durchschlagen, which breaks down into durch - "through", "through" and schlagen - "hit". But if the etymology does not help to remember the correct order of the letters, you can go the associative way, especially since the word is so consonant with a popular curse word.
22. Calories
The word "" was borrowed from French. Calorie entered the Russian language practically unchanged, there are no double consonants in it.
23. Vinaigrette
The name of the salad is derived from the French vinaigre - "vinegar", and it - from the word vin - "wine". This makes it easier to remember how to properly describe the vegetable mixture. As for the second vowel in a word, it is enough to remember that it does not coincide with the first. Then you will write "vinaigrette" without a single mistake.
24. Shopping
In English, shopping is written with a double consonant, and many people want to transfer two "p" to Russian. Fight this desire and remember that there are words with the same root, for example, a shop tour. And if they use only one "p", then in "shopping" you do not need to double the consonant.
25. Terrorist attack
The contraction of the phrase "act of terrorism" is begging for a second consonant, but you should not negotiate with him. According to the rules for the formation of abbreviations, only one of the two consonants is written in them. Therefore, it is correct to write "terrorist attack".
What words do you stumble on? Write in the comments.
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