Last year, at the end of August, an official delegation from the Zhytomyr region, headed by Governor Yury Zabela, visited Finland. The purpose of the trip was the opening of a monument to the Red Army soldiers of the 44th Infantry Division, who died in the Soviet-Finnish Winter War, formed mainly from conscripts from the Zhytomyr region - the city of Novograd-Volynsky and the corresponding region. The monument in the city of Suomussalmi was erected on the initiative of the grandson of the head of the charitable organization "Memory", a resident of Korostyshev, Leonid Kostyuk, who died in that war (the author of the monument is architect Vitaly Rozhik).

The paradox of history: the death of most of the soldiers of the 44th division at the beginning of January 1940 became one of the foundations for establishing sister city ties between Suomussalmi and Novograd-Volynsky in the mid-90s. And the Finns took care of the graves of the fallen before, despite the fact that these fallen were fulfilling the order of the Soviet government to occupy Finland and establish a puppet regime there, because they understood that it was not so much about the subjects, but about the victims of the criminal Stalinist regime .. .

FROM ONE FRONT TO ANOTHER

As you know, the Second World War began for Ukrainians on September 1, 1939, when in the ranks of the Polish Army Zholnezhi-Galicians and Volhynia met Nazi aggressors with fire. Soon in fighting armed groups of the OUN entered, with the goal of establishing national power in Western Ukraine. And on September 17, according to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Ukrainian and Belarusian fronts of the Red Army went on a “liberation campaign” to the West, against which units of the Polish Army and OUN soldiers acted.

In a word, the Ukrainians then were not on two, but, figuratively speaking, "on three sides of the front line." But if in the tragic days of September 1939, at least part of the Ukrainians tried to consciously fight for national interests as they understood them (on all "three sides of the front line"), then the next episode of the Second World War - the USSR's aggression against Finland - is associated with the use of Ukrainians solely as "cannon fodder" to satisfy the geopolitical ambitions of one of the two leading Red Banner totalitarian regimes, namely, the Bolshevik regime of Joseph Stalin.

And one of the most tragic episodes, and at the same time, symbols winter war, as it is called in the West, was the death in January 1940 of the 44th Kyiv Red Banner Rifle Division. Shchors. The fate of this division and its soldiers is very indicative, so to speak, model in terms of the attitude of the Stalinist regime to "human material" and regarding the situation in which the Ukrainians were at the time Soviet Union.
... Pine forest curls along the slopes
Border mean outlook.
Accept us, Suomi beauty
In a necklace of transparent lakes!..

I'm sure this song, with its original melody and professionally written lyrics, is unfamiliar to the majority of The Day's readers. It is not surprising. We are talking about a work written by order of the ideological department of the CPSU (b) a few months before the attack on Finland, in which the goals were completely transparent and even, so to speak, honestly formulated. military operation, which, after its completion, the USSR tried not to remember. Namely, not “moving the border away from Leningrad”, as was later said, but the establishment of a puppet regime in Suomi with a very likely (when the right time comes) its annexation to the Soviet Union.

Actually, the USSR did not officially declare war on Finland. He only "helped" the puppet government of the so-called Democratic Republic of Finland, headed by the Comintern Otto Kuusinen, in the fight against the "White Finns" (that is, with all those who yearned for independence and democracy for their country, with the legitimate government of this state). The appeal of the mentioned song "Suomi-beauty" - they say, open the gates wide, and we will help you deal with the "enemies of the people" - did not meet with a response in the hearts of the Finns. Therefore, the Winter War, as a component of the Second World War, became terrible and bloody. Even if you look at it through the prism of later military events.

The Red Army carefully prepared for the march on Helsinki. Not only songs were learned - the troops tirelessly learned to act in combat conditions. “Under Leningrad, the forces “hardened” in the victorious battles at Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia were actively pulled up. They trained for 18-20 hours a day: they polished sports and combat techniques at sea, on land, learned to ski ... Political instructors methodically "educated" hatred for their northern neighbors. Like, the borders of bourgeois Finland are actually at a distance of a cannon shot from the “cradle of the revolution”! .. ”- a veteran of this war Grigory Garashchenko recalled today. The Finns saw what was happening and mobilized their reserves. Still, the attack was unexpected. “It was felt that they were not waiting for us,” said the same Garashchenko. - I remember an episode: units crossed the Sestra River, which delimited two sovereign states, and caught the Finns ... having breakfast in a border cafe. Those, suspecting nothing, invited our people to the table, poured a glass of beer ... "

But the Finns came to their senses and deployed their military forces very quickly. And it turned out that the Red Army, despite all the preliminary preparations, was not able to successfully conduct military operations against an energetic and selfless enemy. And then echelons from different parts of the Soviet Union stretched to the front, carrying the best divisions and brigades to the battlefield. In general, 12 divisions were transferred from the Kyiv and Odessa military districts to the northwest. Among them was the 44th Infantry, which had recently taken part in the "liberation campaign" in Western Ukraine. Actually, it figured even in the pre-war plans for combat operations of the 9th Army and was supposed to strengthen the strike of the divisions of the first echelon of this army, but they did not have time - like a number of other formations - to be transported to the theater of operations in time.

IN CANVAS BOOTS - 40 C

This division was created in the autumn of 1918. She took an active part in the battles against the troops of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Russian White Army and the Poles. One of its first commanders was Nikolai Shchors. In the second half of the 1930s, it was almost completely staffed with command personnel, military specialists and equipment, and before the march on Western Ukraine in September 1939, the number of its personnel was brought to full-time by calling up reservists - about 17 thousand bayonets.

The equipment of the 44th Rifle (I emphasize, it is the rifle, and not the motorized) division debunks the myth that the Red Army entered the Second world war technically backward. The division arrived on the Finnish front with: one and a half hundred radio stations, more than five hundred cars, 44 tanks, more than 100 tractors, fifty motorcycles. The division had enough artillery and mortars, and in addition - several thousand horses, which could serve very well in winter off-road conditions. But...

But the division did not receive clothing for operations in harsh winter conditions (even mittens!) Boots were issued only to commanders and some units, and - here's the paradox! - it was these units that were mainly transferred to the front line by road. Others had to walk 245 kilometers from the Kem station to combat positions in inferior overcoats and canvas boots.

The 44th Division was not unique in terms of being equipped with clothing. “The command, political officers, pilots and tankers had warmer uniforms: they had casings, wadded sweatshirts, felt boots ... For infantrymen, this was considered a great luxury. Like, in heavy sheepskin coats it is inconvenient to go on the attack and storm. They went into battle in gray woolen overcoats, cotton tunics, flannelette underwear, and cotton mittens. In Budyonovka helmets with semi-woolen lining... On his feet - boots wrapped in rags, - recalled Grigory Garashchenko. - A food! Bread arrived at the front line in the form of a frozen brick, the same porridge, barely warm tea. Even the "People's Commissar's" one hundred grams froze in such a frost.

Consequence: on the way to the front, 10% of the personnel of the division got frostbite. From the 20th of December 1939, when the division began hostilities, its food supply practically ceased. Therefore, the fighters became half-starved, and then just hungry. And instead of food, they were given pieces of paper with the text and notes of the song "Suomi-beauty":
Tanks break wide clearings
Planes fly in the clouds
low autumn sun
Lights fires on bayonets.

See how honest? The aggression was planned for sometime in October or early November, but they did not have time to bring up the troops, and therefore the Red Army was thrown on the offensive in the middle of winter, in 40-degree frost, without proper equipment, while the few Finnish troops were perfectly prepared for battles in winter taiga conditions.

And in addition to everything, the division had to engage in battle in the area of ​​the Arctic Circle, where in winter there is a continuous haze without morning and evening, illuminated only by flashes of the aurora.

However, all this the Soviet command forgot (or simply did not want to) take into account. According to his plans, the three rifle divisions of the 9th Army were to swiftly pass through Suomussalmi by the shortest route to the western coast of Finland, to the port of Oulu in the Gulf of Bothnia and cut the country in half, depriving it of railway communication with Sweden. The Red troops managed to go deep in this direction by 35-40 km, and then the Finnish reserves approached. And although the Finns had several times less forces, they stopped the Soviet divisions. And then, taking advantage of snowstorms and frosts, they began to surround them.

On January 1, 1940, the Finns attacked one of the regiments of the 44th division and surrounded it the next day. Communications and other parts were cut. The strike group, which was trying to break through to the encircled, was cut off from other divisions of the division. One of the battalions, which had not received food for several days, left its positions without permission. On January 4, the division was divided into several parts. The commander of the 9th Army, which included the 44th Division, Chuikov (the future hero of Stalingrad) asked Moscow for permission for the division to retreat.

Moscow gave this permission only late in the evening of January 6. The next day, not even a withdrawal began, but a spontaneous escape of parts of the division. According to the Finnish general Siilasvuo, “the panic of those surrounded was increasing, the enemy no longer had general and organized actions, everyone tried to act independently in order to save his life; the forest was full of fugitives...”. Many of the Red Army soldiers and commanders froze during the retreat - after all, a blizzard raged. The wounded were left to fend for themselves. The division lost a total of about 70% of its personnel in a week, about 1200 soldiers and commanders were captured, a large number of Red Army soldiers got frostbite. Generally Soviet troops(44, 163, 155 rifle divisions) near Suomussalmi lost about 23 thousand personnel. Finnish troops in the area lost only about 800 men.

As a result of the defeat of the 44th division alone, the Finns captured in good condition 97 guns, 160 cars, 37 tanks, 6 armored cars, 280 machine guns, several thousand rifles, an almost countless amount of ammunition (the numbers in different documents differ slightly, but this is not surprising - today the machine gun is out of order, tomorrow it “comes to life” in the hands of a front-line craftsman); all these weapons were soon used in battles against the Red Army. And also - 600 surviving horses, which were finally fed in "captivity".

FIGHT - DID NOT WANT TO REST - DID NOT BE ABLE

Why were the Finnish troops, who did not have a single tank, who had several times fewer cannons and machine guns, able to utterly defeat the 44th division and other encircled Soviet troops? Why did the total losses of the Red Army in the battles near Suomussalmi in the first week of January 1940 exceed 23,000 personnel alone who died? Of course, the bad luck of the Kremlin strategists and the extremely unsatisfactory supply of troops also played their role. But the main thing, it seems, was something else. The morale of the soldiers, including the Ukrainian Red Army, who did not want to die for Stalin and for "democratic Finland", although they were unable to rebel against the regime.

“The Red Army is destroying an entire state, destroying cities and towns, depriving the civilian population of housing and leaving them hungry. Our families go around the yards and beg. We’ll beg a little more and we’ll all become beggars, ”the fighters of one of the Soviet divisions said, according to the NKVD reports. “They promised to free the Finnish people from the yoke of capitalism,” noted the Red Army soldier Kondratyuk, “and during the bombing they destroyed civilians, how will the Finnish people look at the USSR now?”

You can quite clearly hear the voices of the soldiers of the 44th division in the documents of the NVKD and political departments. Just like other Red Army soldiers, they could not understand why this war was being waged. “The Soviet Union, they say, is for the liberation of the Finnish people,” one Red Army soldier reasoned, “we are fighting, tens of thousands of people are dying and the same number will die, and why do we need this? There is no bread, meat, sugar, long queues are formed, prices are rising - that's what we have lived up to. Ukraine is the most grain-growing of the republics, but sits without bread.”

The fighters showed confidence that, they say, the Finnish people resisted the Red Army so stubbornly because they were well aware of the torments that the peasants of the USSR suffered during collectivization. Red Army soldiers Sidorenko, Krashevsky and Dudenko of the 41st reserve separate rifle battalion, which was transferred by rail to the theater of operations in January 1940, shared the following thoughts: “The party was led to the conclusion that there is no bread, no meat, not even matches in the country. Life in Poland used to be better than after the liberation by the Soviet authorities. Western Ukrainians threw off the yoke, and tightened the collar.” “I don’t know what we are fighting for,” said Chernyak, a Red Army soldier of the same battalion, “under Soviet rule, I lived poorly, and those we liberate lived better, why should we liberate them?” “Houses are dying of hunger, but we go to protect someone, and why?” - his brother-soldier Melnik was indignant.

In the same part, in addition to the anti-Soviet statements identified by the NKVD, threats to commanders were also recorded. 100 people escaped from the train on the way to the front. The same mood prevailed in the 44th division; while moving to Finland from Ternopil, about a hundred people also deserted on the way. Almost a whole company...

Problems with the level of discipline in the Soviet troops and the unwillingness to fight for incomprehensible goals ultimately led to the fact that the general orders of the People's Commissariats of Defense and Internal Affairs dated January 24, 1940 - already after the death of the 44th division - behind the five Soviet armies operating at the front were there are 27 NKVD control and barrage detachments of 100 people each. And of the nearly 1,800 military personnel convicted by military tribunals during this period, approximately 40% were deserters. Many soldiers were convicted for anti-Soviet statements.

And how mocking in these conditions the song sounded!
We are used to fraternizing with victories,
And again we carry in battle
On the roads traveled by grandfathers,
Your red star glory.

After the 44th division suffered a crushing defeat in the first half of January, it practically did not conduct combat operations. An investigation into the cause of the crash began. The perpetrators were found almost immediately. On January 11, 1940, the trial went on for 50 minutes. Vinogradov, commander of the 44th Rifle Division, Volkov, chief of staff, and regimental commissar Pakhomenko, head of the political department, were sentenced to death as "traitors to the motherland." The order was carried out immediately.

But two years before that, Vinogradov commanded only a battalion! Thus, we have a typical nominee of 1937-1938, who, having no proper training and education, had to take a high place instead of the executed commanders, who nevertheless had best level preparation and, most importantly, psychological readiness manage large connections. And on Finnish war Vinogradov was no worse and no better than most Soviet commanders. It's just that his division objectively found itself in very difficult conditions. Yes, and his fighters were also typical: Ukrainians who did not really want to fight for someone else's for them, as the NKVD operational reports testify, the Soviet empire.

Those soldiers of the 44th division who were taken prisoner had a chance to survive and change their lives. During the Winter War, the Finns treated the captured Red Army soldiers normally. They came to them eminent figures Ukrainian emigration, like, say, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the UNR Shulgin. To awaken the national consciousness of the captured Ukrainians, a broad cultural and educational work was carried out by Ukrainian nationalists in the camps. But after all, the majority of the houses had families that were responsible for the behavior of the prisoners with their heads ... And after the war, by agreement with Finland, the Red Army prisoners of war, with the exception of about 200 people who refused to return to their homeland, were transferred to the Soviet side. 777 of them admitted to having "compromised" themselves; they were mostly sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, and 232 of them were shot. The rest, almost 4,500 people, on whom no materials were found to bring to trial, were sent as "suspicious persons" to the Gulag concentration camps, where almost all of them died.

Among those who remained in Finland were soldiers of the 44th division. How much is unknown. I wonder what their fate is? At least, there is no reason to consider them "traitors to the motherland" - the real traitors and criminals were Stalin and Voroshilov, who drove tens of thousands of people to their deaths in 40-degree frost in inferior overcoats and canvas boots, and even without mittens ...

On the other hand, can we, from the height of time, reproach those soldiers of the 44th division who, from Finnish captivity, decided to return to the USSR in order to go to the Gulag for flagrant naivety? Who are they, those captured fighters of this formation who did not dare to choose freedom, even in a foreign land, but voluntarily returned to Stalin's slavery? I do not undertake to give unambiguous assessments, but, probably, we are talking about another group of victims historical tragedy- the absence of the Ukrainian state.

The Red Army, in the end, nevertheless learned to fight, but only under the condition of a multiple quantitative and absolute fire advantage. However, the losses were still huge. “The troupes of Red Army soldiers were strewn with forests, glades, roads and hummocks of the Gulf of Finland. I'm not exaggerating. How many young people (and our 95th division was replenished twice with five thousand people each) did not even visit a single battle: in the evening they arrived at the front line, settled in snowdrifts and ... fell asleep forever. The wounded also froze, without waiting for medical assistance, - Grigory Garashchenko recalled. - Later, out of desperation, we began to build shelters from the bodies of killed fellow soldiers. These terrible tents were insulated by woolen overcoats of dead comrades. If this happened on the southern face of the front, on the Karelian Isthmus, one can imagine what happened in the taiga and snows of the Arctic. But Stalin still had a lot of troops - they caught up to a million fighters and commanders.

But Finland never became Soviet, and among the Red Army soldiers - victims of the Winter War (it is still unknown how many there were - historians give numbers in the range from 128 to 340 thousand) at least a quarter were from Ukraine. The endless martyrology of the Ukrainian victims of the 20th century, who died from the Holodomor, who were shot, who died senselessly in different wars, also includes the soldiers of the 44th Kiev Rifle Division, forgotten in the past in their homeland, which suffered a catastrophe in battles, and then sought the NKVD (to somehow to smooth over the defeat, nine soldiers of the division were awarded the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union - and almost all of them died in the next war). Well, being cannon fodder is a typical fate of nations that do not have their own statehood, but are forced to serve foreign regimes. This is probably main lesson Winter war for today's Ukraine. And it is good that fellow countrymen today pay tribute to the memory of those who died in that war.

Defenders of Dedenevskaya land.

instead of an epigraph.

Asking a question to the locals different ages: "What happened in our rural district during the Great Patriotic War?"

“There were no fights here. Mother told me. Only the hospital in Dedenevo was bombed, which was in the village hospital ...

The hospital was at the school.

- I met the war as a child in Dedenevo. We had a bombing, many people burned down in the hospital and in the basement. There were terrible battles in neighboring Stepanovo. And there was probably nothing else. We haven't heard...

- It is unlikely that anyone will tell you something now ... Soin Ivan Yeliferovich lived with us, a veteran. He collected information here for you ... Here he could tell something ...

- In Shukolov, we only had German intelligence and that's it.

Not only intelligence. Here, at night, one family turned on the light in the house, so their house was immediately smashed by a plane. It was impossible to turn on the light at night ... And there was also something at the bottom of the Shukolovsky hill - a bomb exploded there, two soldiers and a nurse died. They were later buried here in the cemetery, and then they were transferred to Dedenevo to a mass grave ...

- Only the burial at Tourist station was transferred to Dedenevo. We were small, we ran to watch how the bones were dug up. And the grandmother told how detachments of Siberians were brought here in the winter of 1941. They were dressed head to toe in white. From here they went west, to Yazykovo, where everyone died ... There is now a monument to them. And in Paramonovo, more... Siberians are also buried there...

- Where did the Siberians come from in Paramonovo?

Where do Siberians come from in Paramonovo.

I was inspired to create this material not only by the above mean and contradictory answers of local residents, but also by one “accidental acquaintance” near the village of Paramonovo.

In the eastern suburbs, where I come from, there were no battles in the Great Patriotic War. But there were enemy raids - the Germans bombed some settlements and forests, preparing for further advance along the ring around Moscow and fearing the formation of partisan detachments. There were also numerous hospitals - wounded soldiers were taken to the east of the Moscow region from the northern and southern firing lines. Therefore, we also have mass graves, where many soldiers who died from wounds are buried.

But all these mass graves are mainly located in cemeteries, in special memorials, in a word, in places that everyone can see, but here, on Dmitrov land, most of them are in the forest and in the open field. Heavy bloody battles took place here in the most severe weather and military field conditions, when there was practically no chance for any other army in the world to survive, and even more so to maintain morale and win. The heroism in our army, which, unlike the German one, was largely non-professional military, was massive. There were also massive losses. And at the same time, having become accustomed to this mass character, to the fact that those who died in that war numbered in the millions, we living today rarely catch ourselves thinking that every soldier who fell on the battlefield is one life that really existed and was tragically cut short.

Not so long ago, I was lucky to hold in my hands the Book of Memory of the village stored in the Dedenevskaya library. What is collected in it makes an indelible impression. The Dedenev Book of Memory is not only a list of natives of our region who fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, but also their authentic front-line letters and photographs, memoirs of veterans, stories about civilians who died here in the war. All this in the 1960s was carefully collected for posterity by one of the local enthusiasts mentioned in the epigraph - Ivan Eliferovich Soin - the initiator of the construction of the Dedenevsky memorial and in many respects its author; a front-line soldier who, after only two decades after the terrible war century, realized how quickly real story may become a myth.

"The soldiers of the Soviet army and navy in 1941-1945 not only defended their homeland from Nazi enslavement, but also saved all of humanity and world civilization from disaster",- the first lines of his manuscript about the Dedenevsky memorial sound, but, in fact, messages to us, living in the 21st century. — “In the first years after the war, many of us tried to somehow forget our grief, and at the same time we began to forget even our dead relatives. This is already bad and unfair. Perpetuation of the memory of the fallen on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War- it's very important. At the same time, it becomes more and more difficult every year ... There are fewer and fewer people who personally knew their dead, their memory is dulling ... After all, another 15-20 years will pass, and it will be impossible to do anything. ”

How true his words sound today, when most of the so-called "children of war" are already over eighty.

And here is an eloquent image of modern folk memory and a symbol of gratitude to the defenders of our land.

About three years ago, in the fall, I was going with my friend to the village of Gorki. We pass the imposing buildings of the new luge and bobsleigh track in Paramonovo, against which a gray obelisk flashed in the form of a soldier's figure in the thickets of yellowed hogweed. We return to the obelisk, wipe off the layer of road dust from the tombstone, remove the birch branches and leaves that fell from above, dry flowers from May 9, read the inscriptions: “ Eternal Glory soldiers of the 71st marine rifle brigade of the Pacific Fleet, who died in the battles for Moscow in December 1941” and a list of 16 soldiers' names. And sure enough, the monument is surrounded by an anchor chain, on an overgrown weedy grave - an anchor painted with black paint. My heart was cut not only by the fact that the mass grave was not well maintained - it was also littered with empty bottles and other evidence that "Vasya was here." And all this thanks, apparently, to a bench standing nearby, someone carefully placed here for other purposes.

But the war was not so long ago, not even a hundred years have passed since its beginning. The echo of the Great Patriotic War is still echoing in our time, and someone, in the light of the current events around Russia, believes, not without reason, that the war is still not over.

One way or another, on that day we decided to put the monument in Paramonovo in order, found sympathetic helpers.

But, besides this, the thought came to me then, to find out what kind of people passed here 74 years ago, liberated our region from the Nazis in the winter of 1941 and found their last refuge here. Fortunately, not only the names of the heroes are carved on the tombstone, but also the names, patronymics, titles.

Now there are many search bases on the World Wide Web, where you can search for information about the dead and missing front-line soldiers and their exploits, and the largest of them is Memorial. I punch in the "Memorial" the names of all 16 soldiers. It turns out that the burial contains soldiers from at least four formations that were part of the 1st Shock Army, a monument to which now stands at Peremilovskaya Height. Directly in Dedenevo were 44 and 47 separate rifle brigades, and in the nearest settlements - 56 and 71 separate rifle brigades. All of them urgently arrived to us from Siberia, from the Urals and Far East– Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Vladivostok…

“The railway worked then on two streams, - recalled one of the participants in the battle for Moscow, who arrived at the end of November 1941 from Altai to the Dmitrovsky station as part of a soldier's echelon, - the evacuation was going on - the war. The line that ran from Moscow to Orenburg only allowed trains to the east. And the Iletskaya Zashchita station through Saratov is only to the west. So that there were no oncoming ones ... The echelons went back to back - one after the other ... The trains went with double traction: one locomotive in front and another behind - pushes. And sorry that we could. They started bombing us near Moscow, but why stop there! The train for 2-3 hours continuously went at full speed, rather to Moscow to take up positions. After all, they immediately removed parts from the Far East. ”

By the way, it is also noteworthy that those soldier echelons very often went through Sofrino and Sergiev Posad - the possessions of the great Sorrower of the Russian land, St. Sergius of Radonezh, who once blessed two monks from the Lavra for the battle with Mamai and predicted victory for Prince Dimitri: “You will defeat your enemies !" It cannot be that in 1941 the Reverend bypassed his blessing on a difficult and valiant feat of arms for native land our warriors.

How not to think about the Providence about our fatherland, when in the fall of 1941, with its truly winter cold that then descended on the Moscow region, Siberians, who, unlike the enemy, were accustomed to Russian frosts and to severe bad weather, came here to protect them.

47th separate (cadet) rifle brigade.

In mid-October 1941, military reports about the fighting in the Moscow region recorded a serious muddy road: impassable mud and the first snow. In the last days of October, the offensive of the Nazi invaders stopped at the borders of Moscow. As a result, by the beginning of November, there was a short-term lull in the semicircle around Moscow, but by the middle of the month, when it froze, and the transport and infantry had the opportunity to move around the area, regardless of the availability of roads, the German offensive resumed. The war came to the territory of the Dmitrovsky district: part of it became the front, part - the nearest rear. Columns of soldiers, equipment and horse-drawn carts stretched along the roads to the front, and cars with the wounded were walking towards them.

Using the open joints between our units, the Nazis made one of the most dangerous breakthroughs to Moscow - the capture of the city of Yakhroma - with the aim of capturing the Yakhroma bridges (main and railway) across the canal. Moscow. So the Nazis got one step closer to implementing the Wehrmacht's plan to surround Moscow from the north. Even more real was the possibility of an early offensive by enemy forces on Dmitrov, and then on the then Zagorsk and further on Noginsk and Orekhovo-Zuevo. Field Marshal von Bock, commander of the Nazi Army Group Center, made a statement that the Soviet command no longer had any reserves at its disposal, and the defense in the northern sector of Moscow was "on the verge of its crisis." Hitler, on the other hand, said that the war was “on the whole won” for him. New Year 1942 was to be marked for the Nazi army by the final capture of Moscow.

The 1st, 6th and 7th armored, 14th and 36th motorized, as well as the 23rd Potsdam infantry divisions of the enemy operated in the Dmitrovsky direction. The last of them moved deep into the Moscow region with particular success, because it belonged to the so-called "infantry divisions of the first wave" and was a personnel division of the German peacetime army. The cadre divisions were the best infantry formations due to the quality of personnel training and logistics. Their commanding staff had a high level of professional training and was distinguished by the coherence of actions. As part of such an infantry division, there were about 17,700 people.

Meanwhile, the Rogachev group of our troops, after the hardest defensive battles, retreated under the onslaught of superior German forces to the east and southeast. In the Dmitrovsky direction, the remnants of the 8th tank brigade, 58th tank and 107th motorized rifle divisions fought fierce battles with the enemy. In addition, in the area of ​​​​the villages of Kamenka-Sokolnikovo, Major General F.D. was surrounded. Zakharov with formations of the 16th army, sent to restrain the advance of the Nazi troops towards Dmitrov.

By November of the same 1941, the General Staff of the Red Army wrote off 124 rifle divisions as lost in battle. It was urgent to create new connections, even with a smaller staff. Rifle brigades became such military formations, truncated in terms of combat capabilities. At the end of autumn and the beginning of winter of 1941, the rifle brigade in the state included from 1500 (in 55 OSBR) to 4500 (in 71 OSBR) fighters and commanders.

On November 23, 1941, Lieutenant General Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov, who had just been appointed commander of the 1st Shock Army, arrived in Dmitrov. His army so far existed only on paper, while parts of it were in trains traveling in the Dmitrovsky direction from different parts of the Soviet Union.

The very first of the brigades in the Dedenev area arrived the 47th separate (cadet) rifle brigade, formed in October 1941 in Chelyabinsk region predominantly from the Urals. These were cadets of military schools and regimental schools who did not have time to complete the course of study, as well as soldiers recovering from wounds. The age of the servicemen ranged from 18 to 38 years. Colonel Sergey Nikolaevich Lysenkov was appointed commander of the 47th OSBR.

At the end of the formation, the brigade was sent by rail to defend Moscow to defend Moscow. November 27, 1941 47 OSBR on foot from the Likhobory station of the Moscow District railway headed along the Dmitrov highway in the direction of the city of Yakhroma.

On one of the last November nights, the 47th Rifle Brigade, with the assistance of Ikshansky partisan detachment under the command of V.A. Drobyshesky, crossed the channel to them. Moscow in the Dedenev area. Here she occupied a bridgehead for crossing the main forces intended for the offensive to the western bank: about 4 km along the canal and up to 3 km to the west deep into settlements (from the canal bank to Shukolovo in the south and from the canal bank to Bolshiye Mukhanki from the north). Following the canal crossed 44, 56, 71 separate rifle brigades, 701 artillery regiments and units of the 55th separate rifle brigade.

At the same time, the 47th Infantry Brigade suffered its first losses from German air raids.

“Opposite our house in Shukolov there was a medical unit. There was a male doctor and two girls working there. It happened that our scouts also came to warm up. The owners of the house that was given to accommodate the wounded were an old husband and wife, lonely and very grumpy. They were very unhappy that they were pushed aside. One day, the hostess of the “medical unit” house comes to us, complains about her “guests” and admits that she did not let them cover the windows with a blanket at night. And the wounded need constant care, but how without light? It got dark quickly. And suddenly we hear - a plane is flying from the direction of Novlyanki, it is buzzing heavily. We had a bomb shelter dug behind the site, covered with huge, thick logs. We hid there, but we ourselves hear - dropping bombs. Somehow he dropped below the cemetery on the descent - there the day before, in anticipation of the arrival of the Germans, they cut down bushes for viewing and put them in heaps in rows - and so he walked through these heaps. Another one - just to the medical unit, because the light was on there, one to our yard (this huge bomb did not explode, it was later taken away from us in 1943 by soldiers), one to the roof of our house and one to the bomb shelter. And we had a lot of people there. Somehow the Germans figured out this bomb shelter. I remember adults then saying that we had German intelligence in Shukolov, and then a group of German agents who had lived there for several years were covered in houses near the Ikshanka River at the bottom of Shukolovsky Hill. So, the bomb that flew onto the roof rolled down and exploded near the house. And in the bomb shelter, the bomb ricocheted, flew off to the side and exploded there. At this time, our mother prayed in front of the Kazan icon, and we also prayed, wept. When the raid ended and the neighbors helped us get out of the bomb shelter, we saw that only the walls were left in the place of the neighbor's house, where the medical unit was. Which of the soldiers our Shukolovskys found - they buried in a mass grave at the exit from the village on the left, opposite the cemetery. Then this burial was transferred to Dedenevo to the station. We went to Dedenev to see off the soldiers.

The troops of the 1st Shock Army received an order from the commander of the Western Front: on December 2, to strike with the left flank in the direction of "the village of Dedenevo-the village of Fedorovka, Dmitrovsky district", release the group of General Zakharov and begin offensive operations on the city of Klin, where the Klin-Solnechnogorsk group of enemy troops was located. To accomplish the task, 47, 44, 56 and 71 separate rifle brigades were involved, which, in the time remaining before the onset, began to take up their original positions and prepare for hostilities. 47 OSBR was placed in the reserve of the commander of the 1st Shock Army V.I. Kuznetsov to the area of ​​the village of Podosinki.

Fierce fighting began.

Due to the stubborn resistance of the enemy, who used engineering barriers during the retreat - mined roads, blown up bridges and burned settlements - the advance of the troops of the 1st Shock Army did not exceed 6-8 km per day. This was also facilitated by the deplorable state of communications between units, an acute shortage of artillery pieces, tanks and aircraft, problems with vehicles, cavalry, as well as the unsettled work of rear services.

The command of the Western Front was dissatisfied with the slow advance of the units of the 1st Shock Army. Army General G.K. Zhukov set the task of advancing faster to Lake Senezh and the Klin-Solnechnogorsk highway.

At the same time, of course, one should not forget that the 1st Shock Army moved mainly on horseback, while the soldiers, in general, walked off-road in deep snow and forests in severe frosts. In addition, the most terrible, according to the recollections of veterans, was the moral and physical exhaustion of people walking in the forefront of the advancing troops. Hot meals were rarely delivered, because the rear services constantly lagged behind the combat units. The transport of food and ammunition was hampered by snow drifts. As a rule, soldiers were given dry rations for a day, consisting of canned food, crackers, sugar and "front-line 100 grams." “During the offensive, hot food was served intermittently for up to 4-6 days,- later noted some veterans - participants in the battle for Moscow. — I had to share breadcrumbs with neighboring parts and vice versa. But we were constantly advancing, and it was sometimes difficult to find us ... ".

Antonina Fyodorovna Tyagacheva, a resident of the village of Dedenevo, recalls: “During the war, I lived with my mother in Batyushkovo. When the front line approached our villages and villages, our soldiers began to arrive here. There were some incredible numbers of them here, and most of them were hungry and frozen. It used to be that mom would run a house full of them, boil a whole pot of potatoes and give them two potatoes each. There was nothing more to give. And the soldiers, while the potatoes were cooking, put their briquettes with dry rations to the stove to soften them. Then the potatoes were mixed with this fat, and so one batch of soldiers ate. We will warm them up, feed them, send them out, and then the next batch is on the way: “Mother, give us food” ... Mom also launches them. It was a pity for them. Then one of them will come up for a supplement, and his mother bitterly says to him: “Son, I'm sorry, I already fed you.” And he leaves with nothing ... And somehow one soldier took out a notebook and a pencil from his pocket - he probably kept it for letters - and gave it to my brother with the words: “Take it, boy, I won’t need it. I know that I will die here.” But we also had commander Kuznetsov himself in Batyushkovo. I remember him as strict, fit. And I remember his words: “Be patient, comrades. Soon the Germans won't be here." Well, that's how it happened - the Germans were quickly expelled from here.

On December 5, the headquarters of the 1st Shock Army received an order to launch a counteroffensive during the Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk offensive operation. The army at that time was engaged in heavy fighting along the entire front line, so on the morning of December 6, the 47th rifle brigade was withdrawn from the reserve in the village of Podosinki and marched in the direction of the city of Yakhroma-the village of Fedorovka. Ahead of the brigade were not only military successes, but also the heaviest losses in personnel, numbering in the hundreds of dead.

By mid-December 1941, our troops occupied the areas from the north and south of Klin, cut off the enemy's retreat from the city, and the 47th rifle brigade, which approached the Klin area, finally closed the ring around it and the German units located in the city. This was the first case of encirclement of enemy troops since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

At first, it was difficult to feel and calculate the losses of the enemy. There are many stories of our soldiers about the well-coordinated work of various units of the Nazi army, including special teams for intimidation - psychological warfare. Especially frequent examples of their deeds were at the beginning of the war, when the most selective German personnel fought against the Red Army, and they did not leave not only equipment, but even their dead during the retreat.

Recalls A. Rogachev, 18-year-old machine gunner of the 47th OSBR: “And then we take-take the village, beat-beat. Let's take it, but it seems that there are no dead Germans. Well, maybe 30-40 are dead, and we have 700 people. Our fighters and commanders have the following question: “What is this? We are suffering losses, but the Germans don’t seem to be.” They said that they took the dead and then buried them ... They fought very skillfully. They had an army with combat experience, hardening, qualified. The Germans skillfully oriented themselves, chose positions. Well, the MG-34 machine gun is a terrible weapon ... Our company is advancing, and their squad with one machine gun is holding it back. The fire is solid, the downpour. We bear losses, forward, forward, but until we destroy them, we will not advance. In case of emergency, they have cars at the ready. They put the garrison in a car and go to the next village 3-10 km away. And they have it again fortified. The Germans did not fight in the open field in winter, they have dugouts and trenches there. And we will sleep in the forest and again attack across the bare field, through the snow. So, from village to village all the time with their legs ... And the battles in the Moscow region are heavy. The snow is deep and frosty. We advance on the village - it is, as a rule, on a hill - after a weak artillery preparation. The platoon leader commands: “To the right, one by one, march!” What are the jumps?! Snow! Let's go, the bullets are whistling. You walk about 6 meters, lie down, choose such a more or less comfortable shelter for yourself, and fire. Waiting for the rest to catch up. They pull up, and the German is still 500 meters away. While we pass 200 meters, there are 15-20 people left in the platoon. Unsuccessful attack. What to do? The commander decides to step back. We retreat under fire. When you look at our losses - and there was no free space from the corpses on the field: they, like sheaves, lie in mountains, between which there are small gaps - you think: “How long will such a battle go on? Why, because of this God-forsaken village, so many people were put to death, but we just can’t take it? Will we take it or not?" We all sit in a powder burn, burned, look at each other, and the thought is this: “Let them kill. If only the arm and leg hadn't been torn off. It would have killed me, that's all." In the evening, companies come from the march, then the young come, then the elderly. They all ask, "How are you guys?" What to ask? Let's go on the attack, you'll find out how it is. He may be 35-40 years old, and we are 18-19, but they look at us with respect. In the afternoon, we went off in two or three attacks, and no one was left of this replenishment. In the evening, the marching company comes again, again the platoon is replenished to the regular strength. And we, the backbone of the platoon, are fighting like that ... "

These memories are echoed by another participant in the battles near Moscow from the 1st Shock Army, senior sergeant Grigory Kh.: “You take, you take a village, you lose your comrades, but you find that there are no enemy corpses. They don't seem to die. And before the retreat, as a rule, the village was burned, and which of the inhabitants interfered was killed on the spot. You find burned houses, the corpses of local residents and our soldiers are all around, but there are no corpses of the Germans ... Moreover, access to water sources was difficult if possible: the Germans used to fill wells with the corpses of local residents or their own soldiers. If one or two houses remained intact, then one hundred percent of the targeted landmarks. Tested on the bloody experience of the brigade. After an hour or two with direct hits - 2-3 shells - the houses cease to exist, along with our troops who managed to accommodate them. And wait for a quick counterattack with mortar support ... And after, starting with the battles for the village of Kamenka, the Germans began to very often mine the houses left intact. That is - if you want to survive - occupy a ruined area with a cellar ... Replenishment sometimes came before each major battle. But the people were completely untrained, they did not even know how to hold a rifle. They held it like a stick. Old fighters took them out in the field or wherever they could, first they gave sticks in their hands and taught them to lie down in the snow, get up, move around, dig in. But, anyway, after the battle for the village you look, but they are gone. All this is difficult. It's a pity".

Continuing the story of the 47th separate rifle brigade, it is worth noting that after capturing Klin, she participated in heroic battles on the Lama River, breaking through the enemy defenses in the village of Lotoshino, liberating dozens of other villages, having fought more than 150 km in the Moscow region. In February 1942, after the victory near Moscow, the brigade was transferred to the North Western Front. Here they fought defensive battles until the spring of 1943. In March, in the area of ​​​​Lake Ilmen and the city of Staraya Russa, on the basis of this and another cadet brigade of Siberian volunteers from the city of Novosibirsk - the 146th separate rifle brigade - the 70th rifle division was deployed.

Thanks to the Memorial search base, I managed to restore the names of some soldiers and two girls from the medical staff of the 47th separate rifle brigade who died in the village of Shukolovo. Now they are buried in memorial complex village Dedenevo:

- Lieutenant Sharkin (Shurkin) Anatoly Evgenievich, born in 1921 (20 years old) from the Chelyabinsk region;

- Lieutenant Baranov Pyotr Ivanovich, born in 1919 (22 years old) from the Krasnodar Territory;

- junior lieutenant Kryukov Alexander Pavlovich from the Chelyabinsk region;

- military assistant Akimova Zoya Vasilievna, born in 1922 (19 years old) from the Yaroslavl region;

- military assistant Ilyicheva Uliana Andreevna, born in 1917 (24 years old) from Dzerzhinsk;

- Red Army soldier Zotov Ivan Mikhailovich from the Chelyabinsk region;

- Red Army soldier Leonid Panteleevich Kovyazin, born in 1922 (19 years old) from the Chelyabinsk region;

- Red Army soldier Hamullin (Khamulin) Salih Nabievich, born in 1922 (19 years old) from the Bashkir ASSR.

Also on the plate with the names of the buried is listed, but in fact the commander of the 3rd battalion of the 47th OSBR is not buried there - Captain Anatoly Gavrilovich Cherkasov, born in 1908 from Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg). Battalion commander Cherkasov died during an air raid while his battalion was in the area of ​​​​the village of Pchelki, formerly Dmitrovsky, and now the Mytishchensky district, and his grave, discovered some time ago by the Frontier of Glory search detachment, is also located there. Currently, the Administration of our village is considering the transfer of the grave of the battalion commander Cherkasov to the Dedenevsky memorial.

44th separate rifle brigade.

On December 4, 1941, eighteen-year-old Tanya Rumyantseva had to leave Dedenev for the village council of the village of Paramonovo. While I was doing my business, it quickly got dark, there was no street lighting, the area was wooded, there is a chance to meet enemy soldiers. I had to spend the night right in the village council.

On the same night, three German cars broke into Paramonovo, found in the houses and shot several of our soldiers, as well as the old people who settled those soldiers with them.

In the morning, Tatyana wanted to return to her native Dedenevo, but as soon as she went out into the street, she came under fire. She ran towards the ravine to take cover behind a steep slope, and the Germans driving off in cars fired after her.

But - it worked out.

In the ravine, Tanya saw many of our soldiers lying in the snow. Some of them, fortunately, were alive, but had injuries. Tanya approached them, said that there was a hospital in Dedenevo, but it was about five kilometers to get to it. Then the wounded, who could still walk, made crutches for themselves from thick branches, and from improvised means they built a stretcher - for their comrades-in-arms, who could no longer rise. The soldiers did not know the way, and Tanya led them.

When the wounded who came from the battlefield were placed, Tanya remained in the hospital and worked together with the nurses, tirelessly, all night.

In the morning, six enemy planes raided Dedenevo and bombed the Dedenevo hospital.

At that time, units of the 44th separate rifle brigade were located in Dedenevo, which was formed in October 1941 in Krasnoyarsk mainly from cadets of military schools. The brigade was considered one of the most combat-ready units of the Siberian Military District, so only one month was provided for its combat training, after which, on November 27, 1941, the brigade at full strength arrived on the Western Front, where she became part of the 1st Shock Army. In the buildings of the Dedenevskaya hospital and the nursing home, the medical unit of the 44th OSBR was located.

Here, in Dedenevo, on December 4, 1941, the first “baptism of fire” of the brigade took place, when the Nazi invaders discovered its appearance and launched an air raid. Several fighters were killed and wounded by fragments of bombs.

"Sisters"

At the beginning of December 1941, there were stubborn battles of the 44th and 71st rifle brigades for the village of Stepanovo and the village of Yazykovo. There were many wounded from there. The entire medical staff of the Dedenevsky hospital and the nursing home came to the aid of military doctors, although each of them had every right to evacuate.

On December 5, 1941, that inhuman bombing of the hospital took place, which the older Dedenevites still remember with tears. Then the wounded, and doctors, and many of the local residents who had taken refuge in the basement, along with their children, died.

Dmitry Sergeevich Glivenko, a resident of the village of Dedenevo, recalls: “Our village was bombed more than once in the winter of 1941. The first time dropped 4 bombs. They fell like this: one near the railway, and the rest in the area of ​​​​the old Dedenev school, it was then still wooden and was located near a round pond. During the war, it was something like a headquarters, the military and the field kitchen were constantly there. And the hospital, or rather the evacuation hospital, was in the current clinic. He suffered in the second run of the bomber. There were not enough beds in the hospital, the wounded lay on the hay. When the bomb fell (probably incendiary, as it exploded on the second floor), everything flared up there, part of the building collapsed, people jumped out of the windows of the second floor, and it was also very cold outside. Semyon Abramov, who was sitting in the basement with his family at that time, managed to break a hole in the wall through which people were pulled out from the lower floor. All the windows in our house were blown out by the blast. In the house I was thrown against the wall, deafened, wounded in the leg to the bone by a shrapnel. One Red Army soldier who was nearby, his last name was Levchenko, was killed by a shrapnel. Then, near the hospital, the dead were laid in rows, covered with gray blankets. There were a lot of them there."

Tanya Rumyantseva miraculously survived. Her eyes opened to the smoking ruins of the hospital, mixed with the earth, and soldiers in bloody clothes lying on the black snow. Tanya rushed to help collect and dig up the living. Soon the girl noticed the approaching sleigh with one horse, decisively stopped them, insistently asked the driver to help load the wounded into the sleigh and take them to Kuzyaevo. They also stopped, loaded the wounded and sent two more wagons to Kuzyaevo. With the last of them, Tanya went to Kuzyaevo herself. There she continued to save the lives of our guys, forgetting about sleep and hunger. When her mother came for her to take her daughter home, the commander forbade her to do this, saying that Tatyana was enlisted as a nurse in the 1st Shock Army and was put on allowance. Going home under such conditions would be considered desertion. So Tatyana Sergeevna Rumyantseva ended up in the 44th OSBR and went through the entire war in her medical unit.

Dmitry Sergeevich Glivenko recalls: “Someone left here after the bombings, first of all, of course, who now had nowhere to live. My family stayed. I was brought up by my grandmother, the wife of a repressed priest, and one of my relatives, Zoya Dmitrievna Galkina, is a teacher. And our Dedenevo was bombed after German intelligence visited here, and I am a witness to this. It was so. German bombers often came to Moscow, literally in clouds, especially at night. The rumble in the sky was terrible. As soon as it started to buzz, we fled to the bomb shelter, it was behind the school. Three steps went deep into the earth, the top was made of logs and everything was covered with earth from above, and the shape was the letter “G”. Local residents were sitting at the entrance, and there, in the depths, behind the bend, were the seriously wounded. They moaned, someone died in our presence, and the orderlies carried them past us. And then, one day, three people in a soldier's uniform, in our Soviet one, enter the bomb shelter. Two had machine guns, the third had a pistol. And this third one - with a Russian appearance, I would even say, with the appearance of an intellectual - in pure Russian began to ask something from the locals. Then he spoke to the two soldiers who had entered with him, also in Russian. One was still silent, kept looking at us and at the nurse, who turned away from them, and the second answered him with a noticeable accent. Zoya Dmitrievna was a brilliant linguist by education, she immediately quietly told us: "These are Germans." And suddenly, one of the wounded in the depths of the bomb shelter began to moan. Those three still stood, stood and left. After that, they began to bomb Dedenevo ... After some time, the news reached us that somewhere in our area a group of German intelligence officers had been covered, there were about twenty of them.

By that time, on the orders of the Stavka, the control towers for the Moscow-Volga canal had already been blown up at the third (with caravels) and fourth locks, from Yakhroma to Dedenev, bridges were destroyed one after another. Then, the canal engineers, by controlling the levels of several reservoirs, organized the flooding of the areas on the west bank. An ice barrier up to two wide and over sixty kilometers long was created from the Yakhroma reservoir from randomly piled up ice floes - hummocks - with voids. The way to the east coast by land was cut off.

A hanging cradle was arranged on the canal. In it, filled to capacity with people, children, women and the wounded were evacuated to the east of the Moscow region. According to an eyewitness, the cradle was so overloaded and swayed so much when moving that it seemed that it was about to break off and collapse along with the live load into the ice channel.

In Dedenevo, the defensive line began from the Yakhroma railway bridge. It was built by sappers of the Western Front, to whom our countryman I.E. was enlisted after mobilization. Soin. It was he who was entrusted with the organization and management of the construction of the Dedenevsky boundary. To help the sappers, a working battalion of the factory was created in the following composition: 100 workers and 200 people from collective farmers, school workers and high school students, as well as other residents of the village. Under the leadership of I.E. An anti-tank ditch was dug, trenches were dug near the station, pillboxes were set up near the station, and a wire fence in six rows across the Ikshanka River, anti-tank "hedgehogs" were set up at crossings, two gun points for artillery were equipped in the village, a shelter for Katyushas, ​​a dugout for command item. Behind the factory and along the Ikshanka forest blockages were made. Removed trees and shrubs for a better view. At night, people's squads were on duty in the village, monitoring the observance of blackout by the residents.

Margarita Dmitrievna Murashkina, a resident of Dedenevo, recalls: “Our house in Dedenevo stood right in front of the railway and the station. The station during the war was not where it is now, but to the south, in the area of ​​the crossing. We, as in the palm of our hand, could see platforms with anti-aircraft guns - ours guarded the railway track intact from the Germans. Now there are only two paths left, and before there were several. And in front of our house there was a connection point where communication was maintained with Moscow and Dmitrov. At the same time, near the station there were many captured German tanks for melting down and some huge artillery gun, from which the Germans, apparently, were going to fire at Moscow, and local boys crawled into the trunk of which. And the soldiers from the liaison point wore shells stored in the basement of our house. We could see how Yakhroma was burning.”

“In Dedenevo, the military stood for a long time,- recalls Dmitry Sergeevich Glivenko. - Their headquarters was partially destroyed by a bomb, so it was most likely transferred somewhere, and there was a weapons workshop and a military warehouse with a field kitchen. A soldier wounded in the leg was left there as a gunsmith, we called him Uncle Vasya. In one of the craters, he set up a shooting point, where he corrected the sights that had gone astray, and I helped him carry weapons there. Civilians from the nursing home were buried in another funnel, then they were transferred from there. We had a vegetable store nearby, so in the winter of 1941 and in the spring of 1942 we ate potatoes frozen there, as, indeed, many of Dedenev's. They came there and broke off a “piece” of frozen potatoes with a crowbar. And in the monastery they set up a mill right in the church, and if there was wheat, they brought it there to grind. There were two anti-aircraft guns at the top of the monastery dining room, and, as I remember, the girls served them. War is war, and these girls in the evenings arranged performances for us with songs and dances. We went to watch with pleasure. And behind the hospital they built an aviary and brought the dogs there. All sorts of different ones. And there was also an old tank. Dogs were taught to climb under this tank. In battle, such a dog, with a mine tied to its back, rushes under a tank - and there is no tank, and, of course, dogs, too ... They were also taught to carry such sleds as a boat to pull the wounded from the battlefield. The dogs were trained to independently recognize the wounded and help him crawl into the sled. We went to these dogs, stroked them, they were very friendly. They were all then taken to the front ... "

The Nazis, however, were not going to leave the Yakhroma line, gaining a foothold even during the breakthrough to the city in several villages nearby. The village of Stepanovo, defended by an enemy battalion reinforced with 20 tanks and big amount artillery, was turned into a strong center of resistance with all-round defense. The Germans evicted the inhabitants of Stepanov from their houses, adapted the outer huts for bunkers, sawing out loopholes for machine guns in the walls, dug tanks between the houses. Periodically, from 3 to 6 enemy bombers flew to our front line. The same planes dropped leaflets to the Red Army soldiers, in which they agitated to go over to the side of the Nazis or inflict physical harm on themselves in order to save their lives. Such a leaflet immediately contained a pass that served as a certificate for the transition to the Germans.

The 44th separate rifle brigade received a combat order to liberate Stepanovo from the Nazis and go to Yakhroma from the southwest.

Thus began the very first fierce battle of the Siberians-Krasnoyarsk on our land. “The Germans fired mortars for about five days,- retold those events, Sergeant 44 OSBR Zinoviev Konstantin Georgievich. We unsuccessfully attacked enemy fortifications. They beat us, and we go forward with a rifle and fifteen rounds of ammunition for our brother. It was impossible to raise your head day or night - the Germans launched flares on parachutes, and there was snow - visibility was excellent. Only in the morning the artillery came to the rescue, and we managed to occupy the village. The losses were heavy: out of three battalions, each of which had three companies, about two hundred people remained - one company. The deafening roar is still in my ears ... "

Irina Mikhailovna Speranskaya, a resident of Dedenev, recalls: “When our soldiers were stationed in Dedenevo, they did not allow us to leave the village - they were afraid that German intelligence officers might meet some of the residents. In the alley from Pochtovaya Street, where the Administration building now stands, a small makeshift bomb shelter was set up. My mother and I moved from our house closer to him, and my grandmother refused to leave the house and remained alone in it. We, from time to time, went to visit her, brought food to her on a sled. And then one day, my sister and I were going to her with the same sled, and then a small German plane appeared quite low in the sky. He quickly approached and fired a burst of machine gun fire at us. We, beside ourselves with fear, rushed to my grandmother's house, and the plane turned around and again went at us - to finish off. We managed to hide, and miraculously survived. It all happened literally in a matter of seconds, but I remember these seconds with a shudder all my life. And once, when Dedenevo was already being bombed, and there was another raid, we were in a house next to the bomb shelter, but did not have time to reach it. I had to return and wait out the raid in the house. The bomb hit a neighbor's house. We threw ourselves on the floor, everything shook and buzzed, and things, pieces of plaster and glass, fell on us from above. Our numbness was such that we could not cry. I also remember how the wounded came to us. My aunts used up all their sheets for dressings. The wounded said that they were from under the village of Stepanovo. Under Stepanov they lay in the snow, they could not raise their heads, because the Germans, as soon as you leaned out, began to scribble on them. They ate - someone had something in their pockets, ate snow, hardly slept. They only bandaged one wounded man - he immediately fell off his chair exhausted - fell asleep ... Once we came to my grandmother's house on Pochtovaya, it was already dark. Suddenly we hear an iron clang and a rumble along the icy road. We looked out the window, and it turned out to be our tanks! And we stood and looked at them and wept for joy.”

Retreating, the Nazis were in an extreme degree of bitterness: in Stepanovo, they brutally killed captured scouts from 71 separate rifle brigades, and also burned their wounded soldiers, whom they did not have time to take out. The houses of local residents were destroyed and plundered: the Germans took away all the wearable things from the local residents, destroyed livestock and poultry. To keep warm in the winter cold, the Nazis did not disdain anything - they put on skirts and sweaters, wrapped their heads in women's stockings and breeches. And often they took with them a “trophy” not only in the form of warm clothes. For example, in the bag of the murdered corporal Friedrich Schulz, a roll of cotton stern, 3 gramophone records, 2 ashtrays, 2 kilograms of semolina and 8 mousetraps were found. It happened that the Nazis took children's toys with them.

The trophies of the 44 OSBR in Stepanovo, in addition to German weapons, were 6 tanks, 24 artillery pieces and 19 vehicles.

“We had the most terrible battles in Stepanovo and in Yazykovo,” recalls Dmitry Sergeevich Glivenko. - I had a relative living in Stepanovo at that time, and she told how in the spring of 1942, how the snow began to melt, local residents, who were mostly women and girls, were mobilized to collect and bury our dead soldiers, and there were many of them. And so she said that most of the soldiers were young handsome guys. Looking at their faces, untouched by decay due to frost, one could even say that they simply fell asleep. Women with tears cleared the dead of snow and loaded onto carts. The guys were then taken away to be buried in mass graves.

In the course of further hostilities, the brigade received an order to capture the village of Leonidovo, and then the village of Kruglovo on the banks of the Lama River. After these battles, about a third of the staff of the state was left in 44 OSBR. On January 15, 1942, the remnants of the 44th brigade were withdrawn to the Klin area. Here the brigade received 1,500 reinforcements. From February 20, 1942 to April 1943, the 44th separate rifle brigade as part of the 1st Shock Army of the North-Western Front fought in the Staraya Russa-Kholm area, then was withdrawn to the village of Detchino, Tula Region, where the 62nd rifle division (3 formations).

In the Dedenevo land, the soldiers and personnel of the medical and sanitary company of the 44th OSBR, who died on December 4 and 5, 1941 during the bombing of the village and the hospital, remained forever lying:

- Secretary of the Party Commission of the political department of the brigade, senior political instructor Nonekoshvili Shalva Davidovich, born in 1911 (30 years old) from Tbilisi;

- Red Army soldier Klimenko Luka Ivanovich, born in 1900 (41 years old) from the Kyiv region;

- commander of the evacuation department of the medical company, military doctor of the 3rd rank Rybnikov Ivan Sergeevich, born in 1913. (28 years old) from Tomsk;

- commander of the evacuation department of the medical company, military assistant Kulyukin Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1918. (23 years old) from Novosibirsk region;

- head of the pharmacy, quartermaster technician of the 2nd rank Nachalnikov Gavriil Alekseevich, born in 1915 (26 years old) from the Chuvash ASSR;

- Quartermaster 2nd rank Kachuba (Kuchuba) Anna Mikhailovna (Malakhovna), born in 1921 (20 years old) from the Oryol region;

- junior doctor of the surgical department, military doctor of the 3rd rank Bystrova Zoya Romanovna, born in 1916. (25 years old) from Kuibyshev;

- commander of the anti-chemical department, military doctor of the 3rd rank, Lozinskaya Frida Borisovna, born in 1911. (30 years old) from Kharkov;

- paramedic of the sorting and dressing department of the medical company, military paramedic Salnikov Sergey Petrovich, born in 1920. (21 years old) from Klin;

- paramedic of a separate sanitary platoon of the medical corps, military paramedic Vasily Maksimovich Sharov, born in 1918. (23 years old) from Ryazan;

- orderly of the medical sanitary company, medical instructor Buzynin (Buzykin) Konstantin Prokofievich, born in 1914. (27 years old) from the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

- orderly of the medical sanitary company, medical instructor Karpov Mikhail Grigorievich, born in 1911. (30 years old) from Krasnoyarsk;

- nurse of the medical corps, Red Army soldier Terekhov Mikhail Borisovich, born in 1908. (33 years old) from the Oryol region;

- medical orderly, Red Army soldier Egor Yakovlevich Novikov, born in 1916. (25 years old) from the Oryol region;

- medical orderly, Red Army soldier Mikhail Ivanovich Fomin, born in 1916. (25 years old) from the Oryol region;

- orderly of the medical sanitary company, Red Army soldier Logvinov Valentin Konstantinovich, born in 1917. (24 years old) from the Oryol region;

- orderly of the medical sanitary company, Red Army soldier Evseev Boris Timofeevich, born in 1919. (22 years old) from the Oryol region;

- nurse-porter of the medical corps, Red Army soldier Tupitsyn Ivan Alekseevich, born in 1909. (32 years old) from the Oryol region;

- porter of the medical corps, Red Army soldier Kharakhorin Mikhail Maksimovich, born in 1913. (28 years old) from the Tambov region;

- senior cook of the medical corps, sergeant Okladnikov Fedor Andreevich, born in 1913. (28 years old) from Krasnoyarsk;

- cook of the medical corps, Red Army soldier Svishchev Tikhon Ermolaevich, born in 1909 (32 years old) from the Oryol region.

In the Paramonov mass grave, a scout of the 44th OSBR, a Red Army soldier Fedor Ivanovich Kalinkin, is listed as buried.

71st Separate (Naval) Rifle Brigade

and 20 separate ski battalion.

Many articles and books have been written about the legendary 71st separate rifle brigade and its exploits. “The battles of the 71st Naval Infantry Brigade, which it fought for Yazykovo, Bornosovo, Timonovo and on the Lama River,” noted in the report of the headquarters of the 1st Shock Army, “were the most fierce and most successful of all the battles fought by parts of the army in battle for Moscow. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the 71st OSBR was the first of the naval rifle brigades for their military prowess to receive the title of Guards in 1942.

It was one of 25 separate rifle brigades formed in the deep rear and later received the prefix "marine". To create such formations, an additional 110,000 people were sent to the front, a third of whom were sailors. The remaining two-thirds came from spare parts of the Red Army, hospitals and mobilization from military registration and enlistment offices.

Naval rifle brigades were formed according to the general army staff of a separate rifle brigade, sailors made up from 20 to 50 percent of them.

To staff brigades with commanders of squads, auxiliary platoon commanders and foremen of the naval educational establishments and the fleets allocated some of their junior commanders, as well as cadets of schools of the 2nd and 3rd courses.

Such a measure with the involvement of Navy specialists on the land front and using them as infantry was forced and was explained by the critical situation at the front. Otherwise, it would be considered criminal. .

The formation of naval rifle brigades was carried out in a hurry, in the face of an acute shortage of ground commanders. The commanding officers of the Navy, who took their place, as a rule, had little knowledge of land tactics. “I have commanded ships at sea for twenty years,- said the captain of the 2nd rank B. Skorokhvatov, the first commander of the 64th separate marine rifle brigade, after the tragic and unsuccessful battles in Bely Rast. — I could give an order to any compartment at any second, but here, on land, everyone scattered for fifteen kilometers. Either the telephone connection breaks, or the devices do not work ... " Almost none of the sailors had the skills of small arms combat on land; they had to acquire these skills directly at the front line at the cost of bloody experience.

However, at the same time, b O The majority of sailors were sent to units that required the highest moral, physical and combat qualities: artillery and mortar units, reconnaissance companies and companies of anti-tank rifles, submachine gunners, and machine-gun crews. The words of the sailor M.T. Bgazhba, enrolled in one of the named naval rifle brigades: “I’ll say right away that I didn’t distinguish myself from the rest of the fighters. He didn’t accomplish any great feats… We went into battle for our Motherland all together, I don’t remember a single comrade who would talk and dream about awards and ranks. Everyone was eager to liberate the Moscow region and then everything else from, as they said then, the newly-minted “knight dogs” ... Unfortunately, then, apparently due to inexperience, no records were made, including about the dead. By the way, no one believed that he was accomplishing a feat, everyone somehow considered themselves insignificant in the light of what was happening.

71 OSBR was fully formed at the end of November 1941 near the village of Moshkovo, Novosibirsk Region. It consisted of the personnel of the ships and coastal units of the Pacific Fleet, the Red Banner Amur Flotilla, the Yaroslavl Navy semi-crew, cadets of the Pacific and Caspian Higher Naval Schools, called up from the reserve of Siberians. 16 lieutenants of early graduation from the Pacific Higher Naval School were appointed to primary officer positions in the brigade. Only four of them were lucky enough to meet Victory Day, but all four had injuries on the land front.

Among the newly formed naval brigades, the 71st OSBR was distinguished by the fact that it was headed by a veteran of the First World War, Colonel Ya.P. Bezverkhov, who had rich experience in fighting on land.

On November 20, 1941, echelons of the brigade with weapons and ammunition from the Oyash station began to urgently go to the west, and with this urgency, the “Siberian” brigade did not even have time to find out which front they were taken to.

Recalls a veteran from the tank company attached to the 71st brigade N.F. Matuzov, Novosibirsk: “We were taken along the“ green street ”. Even at the big stations the stops were very short. On the 3rd day at night, at one of the darkened stations, we asked the railwayman what kind of station it was. In response, they heard: "Moscow." It became clear to us that we were being taken to the defense of Moscow. After that, three times the train stopped at some stations, and everywhere the railway workers told us that this was again Moscow. Apparently we were taken at night along the Moscow ring road. And in the morning, at dawn ... we arrived at the Dmitrov station. The train station was destroyed. Cannonade was heard from the direction of the canal. Our infantry was lined up straight from the train and, as we were told, they were sent straight into battle. At this time, the Nazis broke through the canal.

Only three echelons of the brigade were unloaded at the Dmitrov station, since at the same time the Nazis captured Yakhroma and cut off transport connection with Dmitrov. The fourth echelon of the brigade was sent through the Zagorsk station. The point of concentration of the brigade was the village of Voronovo, Dmitrovsky district. Here, its personnel was replenished with Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region.

At the same time, the brigade was attached to the 20th separate ski battalion, formed on the territory of the Gorky region. Ski battalions included a certain percentage of athletes, but the rest, and, as a rule, most of the fighters had poor ski, tactical and fire training. Only by mid-December 1941, the ski battalions attached to the rifle brigades became their forward detachments in the offensive, using gaps and gaps in the enemy’s battle formations, penetrating deep into his defenses, attacking transport columns, rear lines, communication centers, sowing panic.

20 ski battalions operated together with 71 OSBR in the direction of Yazykovo-Olgovo, and then Olgovo-Fedorovka.

After armament in Novosibirsk, 71 brigade by the beginning of the fighting had: out of the 162 vehicles laid down in the state - 20 units, out of the eight 76-mm guns laid down - six, 85% of mortars were missing, almost 35% of machine guns and light machine guns were missing, 10% of rifles and carbines. The assigned ski battalion in the state did not have economic units and transport at all.

Meanwhile, the 1st, 6th and 7th tank and 23rd infantry divisions of the enemy developed an offensive towards the Olgovo-Yakhroma highway, occupied the villages of Olgovo, Goncharovo and Bornosovo. The Nazis hastily created defensive fortifications and firing points in these settlements. At a meeting of the command of these formations of the Wehrmacht, proposals were made to organize a concentric attack on Dyakovo, or, after burning all the settlements captured by the German army, to mine the area and withdraw the front. On the evening of November 29, 1941, German intelligence first appeared in Yazykov.

Poster “Better an honest death than a shameful life. Dm. Donskoy. Signature below: “Let the courageous image of our great ancestors inspire you in this war. I. Stalin.

Ernst Igorevich Sommer, a resident of the village of Yazykovo, recalls: “My relatives took me from Moscow, as a child, from the bombings, and here I fell under the Germans. Enemy troops were already in Olgov and Goncharov, ours approached Dyakov. The Germans hastily began to beat on our village from the village of Goncharovo, our church served as a guide for them. Every second house in the village was destroyed, and the village was large. Neighboring Bornosovo was completely destroyed. As soon as the German infantry appeared in Yazykovo, all local residents were driven out of their homes. Resistance was useless. B O Most of the residents were driven away to Goncharovo, the rest of our people were hiding in school, somewhere ... "

At this time, the 71 brigade made a heavy march in a snowstorm along the forest impassability from Voronovo to the Morozki station, and then crossed the canal for the whole day, while repelling the attacks of fascist aviation on the erected crossing. In the area of ​​​​the village of Grigorkovo, the outposts of the 1st rifle battalion of the brigade collided with the advanced German units of motorized infantry and light tanks. After the battle, the enemy withdrew, and the brigade settled in the village of Dyakovo, where its command post and infirmary were located.

Anna Mikhailovna, a resident of the village of Dyakovo, recalls: “I was then 10 years old. The Germans were already in Yazykovo, they were only about 1.5 km away from us. From the direction of Yazykov, shooting was already heard in the forest. On the outskirts of Dyakovo, the Germans drove a large truck with fabric, clothes and other things that they had looted in Yazykovo. On the church sat their sniper in green overalls. German scouts went to Paramonovo. Then a tank rolled out from the direction of Paramonov and began shooting at our village. One shell hit a house on our street. My mother and I, there were four of us children, ran to Grigorkovo to save ourselves, and on the way some military man met us and asked where we were. Mother replied that we were running from the German. The military man said: “Mother, come back. There is no need to run, now we will drive the German back. Then the sailors came to our village. They met my father in the vicinity of Dyakovo. They asked if the Germans had come to the village. He replied that when he left, it was not yet. The sailors told him that his father should lead them to the village, and he needed to go the other way. “If you don’t lead, we will shoot,” they threatened. The father had to obey so that he would not be mistaken for an enemy. IN war time they were strict. With the locals, they did not stand on ceremony. Provisions in the houses, as they were located, were taken without asking, they occupied the premises that they needed. All, as one, were stately. In the neighboring house they set up their headquarters, and in ours - an infirmary. As the battles rumbled in Yazykovo and Bornosovo, from which only coals remained, we did not know where to go from horror. Trenches were dug in the field, we constantly ran there to hide, practically lived there, afraid to die in the house. Only father ran to the house for food for us. I remember how good it was for us when the soldiers shared black bread with us children. In our family, then two children died from such living in the trenches.

Since there was a high probability that in the coming days the enemy would attempt to force the canal, the 71st brigade command of the Western Front was given the task of advancing in the direction of Yazykovo-Olgovo-Fedorovka, cutting off the enemy’s lines of communication to the city of Yakhroma. In addition, the brigade was supposed to help the group of Major General Zakharov escape from the encirclement.

The plan for the destruction of the Nazis who had settled in Yazykovo was to surround the village with infantry and ski battalion forces and suppress the enemy with artillery and light tank fire.

At dawn, the brigade set out from Dyakovo to the Yazykov forest, while the company of skiers had to overcome a many-kilometer forced march around the village in order to block the Nazis in Yazykovo, cutting off their retreat to the village of Bornosovo.

After a short artillery preparation, the fighters of the 71st OSBR attacked the village. The fascists responded with mortar and heavy machine gun fire from embrasures, windows and basements of houses, pinning our fighters to the ground. On the southwestern outskirts of the village, a company of skiers fell into a minefield. Our light tanks got stuck in the deep snow. Then German planes appeared and attacked the advancing brigade with a howl from the air.

The battalion of thirty-year-old captain Arkady Nikolaevich Golyako was the first to break into Yazykovo from the north side, who, with his desperate courage, inspired the fighters to beat the enemy, not allowing him to come to his senses. Artillerymen, mortars and machine gunners came next to the village. On the outskirts of the village, the sailors took possession of an enemy cannon and ammunition, deployed a gun and opened fire on the Nazis with direct fire.

The units of the brigade, advancing from different sides, united in the center of Yazykov only in the evening. The surviving fighters from the ski battalion and tanks also reached the village, but they failed to cut the road to Bonosovo, so this time the Nazis managed to escape. As if at the end of an unsuccessful day for them, showing their grin for the lost Yazykovo, they began to accurately fire at the village from the area of ​​​​the bell tower of the church in Olgov, but the work of our artillery forced the German battery to cease fire.

“Ours approached from Dyakovo, drove the Germans out of here quickly, in about 24 hours, and not in a few days, as it happens, it is written about this. And the village actually changed hands only once. But there were a huge number of our dead, fewer Germans.

When we entered the village- wrote in his memoirs a participant in those battles, captain 1st rank S.F. Kuvshinov, - " then they saw this picture. In the middle of the street stood wrecked tanks, huge all-terrain trucks, staff buses, powerful tractors, a crushed cannon. The corpses of the Nazis lay everywhere. There were especially many of them near the headquarters building that had been torn apart by our shells. The remnants of burning buildings smoldered all around. Near the church towered stacks of boxes with shells and cartridges left by the enemy. Immediately, our burnt tankettes turned black sadly, and the wounded and killed sailors lay on the snow.

Even the notes written in a dry military style by the chief of artillery of the 71st OSBR, Major A.D. Trekov convey all the drama of the battles in Yazykovo: December 3rd. In the morning, a fierce battle of the 1st and 2nd battalions for the village. Yazykovo. By the end of the day, Yazykovo was taken. Heavy losses in the advancing battalions, in the attached tanket company, in batteries and mortar companies. The commander of the 2nd battalion, Captain Golyako, was killed, almost all commanders and political officers of companies and platoons were killed or wounded. Party secretary killed. bureau art. division political instructor Kubarev, the adjutant of the division was wounded, the commander of the mortar battalion was wounded. December 4th. At night, the Germans, having pulled up an infantry regiment with tanks, pushed back our units and occupied Yazykovo. In the afternoon, a heavy battle again ... By the end of the day, Yazykovo was taken and battles began for the village. Bornosovo. Again a big loss in people. The battalion of skiers attached to the brigade tried unsuccessfully to take possession of the village. Sokolnikovo.

Chervyakova Anna Mikhailovna recalls: “They brought the wounded from Yazykovo to our house. There were many of them, and our house is small. Therefore, those who could be taken away were taken away on carts to hospitals, and those who were dying were buried a few meters behind our house. When our troops from Dyakovo left and we returned to our house, we saw that literally the entire floor was covered in blood. All our food supplies the guys, while standing, of course, completely ate up and used up all the firewood. Then a difficult post-war life awaited us, full of tears, labors and hardships. And the soldiers from our yard were transferred to Paramonovo. In total, 19 people found them.

Ernst Igorevich Sommer recalls: “I don’t know exactly where the Germans were buried, somewhere in the backyards of the village, and ours - in two large mass graves in three “rolls”. Especially in the spring of 1942, when everything thawed out. I am sure that there are still unmarked burials between Yazykov and Bornosov. After all, mostly women were buried, and you go and drag it. Bones and helmets are still being dug up in vegetable gardens and in the vicinity of the village.”

With the aforementioned A.D. During the retreat of the 71st OSBR from Yazykovo, the fascists captured 25 seriously wounded fighters of the brigade, whom the fascists dealt with with particular cruelty.

“We were herded to a fire kindled by the Nazis,”- Maria Blyudova, a resident of the village of Yazykovo, said in an interview with a local newspaper in the early 1990s, - “ and they began to drag out the badly wounded sailors. A cry arose, and the Nazis opened fire on top of us and seemed to calm down the inhabitants. The wounded moaned, screamed, but the Nazis did not pay any attention to this and threw the sailors right into the fire.

Now the place of death of 25 valiant sons of the Fatherland in Yazykovo is marked with a monument of red granite with a peakless cap at its foot.

The battles for the village of Bornosovo were no less bloody and dramatic for the 71st Rifle Brigade, and they began the next day after the capture of the village of Yazykovo. According to Captain 1st Rank S.F. Kuvshinov, during the battle, the village changed hands three times.

An assault detachment organized from sailors-mortarmen and artillerymen, taking advantage of the lull after the linguistic battles, immediately set out in Bornosovo. The sudden appearance and decisive attack allowed the fighters of the brigade to take the three extreme houses on the move and capture the cannon with ammunition, and also forced the Nazis to hastily retreat. The sailors, having thrown off their sheepskin coats and earflaps, in uniforms, vests and peakless caps, in a twenty-five degree frost, fought for each house.

At the same time, in Bornosov, during the retreat, as in Stepanovo, the Nazis set fire to their infirmary with the living wounded, who did not have time to be taken out of the village. Later, about two dozen corpses were found at the site of the fire.

But it was clear that the Nazis would not rest on this - and the enemy's attack on the village was not long in coming. Then, in the Bornosovo-Goncharovo sector, enemy infantry was sent against the 71st brigade, supported by seven tanks.

The order to block the path of the advancing Nazis was received by the company of Lieutenant F.P. Isaev. The soldiers occupied the snow trenches and cellar on the edge of the village and prepared for defense.

In addition, a group of six demolition men was supposed to create an obstacle to the advance of German tanks to the Volgusha River. Before the approach of the Nazis, on the approaches to the bridge across the Volgusha, the demolitionists laid anti-tank mines and hid in an ambush. Each fighter from the group had two anti-tank grenades.

The company of Lieutenant Isaev let the German vehicles into close range and opened fire on them from guns, machine guns and anti-tank rifles. A group of demolition workers, suffering losses from the enemy, drove several tanks into mines. The remaining intact tanks and infantry turned towards Olgov.

After some time, the Nazis again went on the attack. The enemy subjected Bornosovo to intense artillery and mortar shelling, bombardment from the air. The village was on fire, the field near it was plowed up by explosions. The fire of the guns of the 71st brigade on twenty enemy tanks from a long distance proved to be ineffective. Gun crews were able to knock out several tanks only by direct fire, but the pressure of the enemy did not weaken. Several guns of the brigade were destroyed along with their crews, while some were damaged. The Nazis began to surround the village, enemy tanks broke into the firing positions of our artillery.

The fearless foot soldiers used melee weapons: Molotov cocktails and grenades. The frontal offensive of the Germans failed, but the 71st brigade, unlike the enemy, did not have fresh reinforcements. The bayonet attack of our fighters with the support of machine guns did not bring success, there was a threat of encirclement of the brigade in Bornosov. Brigade commander Bezverkhov gave the order to leave the village. Firing back, the soldiers retreated in groups and singly to Yazykov. The brigade commander himself was wounded.

Early the next morning, the attack of the 71st brigade on Bornosovo resumed. That morning on December 6 turned out to be especially cold - in the trenches the soldiers froze to the ground.

On the outskirts of Bornosov, on the flank, a squad of brigade machine gunners set up an ambush. During tank attack machine gunners coolly let the enemy vehicles past their positions, and then opened fire from a short distance, cutting off the infantry following the tanks.

The enemy infantry could not break through to their vehicles. With the help of captured equipment and weapons taken by the 71st OSBR during the liberation of Yazykov, german tanks were destroyed, the nearest enemy firing points in Bornosov were suppressed.

The soldiers of the 71st brigade went on a swift attack. Two hours after the start of the attack, they reached the opposite outskirts of the village. The hand-to-hand combat ended, in which our infantrymen won.

About the subsequent battles of the brigade during the period of the location of its headquarters in Dyakovo A.D. Trekov wrote: December 7th. All day long fight for Goncharovo. By the end of the day, Goncharovo was taken. December 8th. In the morning, the order of the army - the brigade to go on the defensive at the line of Yazykovo-Sokolnikovo-Dyakovo, because. the brigade entered the bag, our neighbors on the right and left fell behind. The battalions of the brigade remain on the occupied lines.

The attacks of the 71st Rifle Brigade provided assistance to the group of Major General Zakharov blocked by the Germans. The enemy failed to carry out his plans and form an outer front to encircle the group. Otherwise, the 6th Panzer Division of the enemy would have continued its offensive and cut off the only way out of the encirclement towards the Dmitrov highway for Zakharov's group.

Subsequently, the villages of Andreikovo, Khrabrovo, Vasilevo and Timonovo were liberated by the 71st Rifle Brigade in the Dmitrovsky District. The brigade participated in the battles for the city of Solnechnogorsk, and then on the Lama River.

On December 27, 1941, it was renamed into 71 separate naval rifle brigade, on January 5, 1942, the first of the marine rifle brigades was transformed into the 2nd Guards separate rifle brigade. After successful military operations near Moscow, the guardsmen as part of the 1st Shock Army fought on the North-Western Front, where the 2nd Guards Separate Rifle Brigade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for distinction in battle and mass heroism of the personnel, and on April 24, 1942, the 2nd Guards Separate Rifle Red Banner Brigade was reorganized into the 25th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division.

Until January 19, 1942, the 20th separate ski battalion fought offensive battles, having traveled from the city of Klin to the line of the Lama River. On January 21, 1942, it was disbanded, and the personnel were transferred to staff the 18 (separate) ski battalion (1 Shock Army).

Average daily casualties in the first (December) half of the offensive in 71 rifle brigades averaged 103 men per day. From the beginning of the offensive to December 17, 1941, the losses amounted to 36% of the personnel, and by January 1, 1942 - 90% of the initial personnel.

More than 600 soldiers of the 71st OSBR are buried in mass graves in Paramonovo, Yazykovo and Bornosov.

Of the soldiers of the 71st OSBR who died on the territory of the Dedenevsky rural district, only 22-year-old lieutenant Grokhovsky Rostislav Konstantinovich from the city of Zhmerinka, Vinnitsa region, is known to be buried in the Paramonovskaya mass grave. Even in his school years, he expressed an ardent desire to devote himself to the service in the Navy, and in 1938, immediately after graduation, he was admitted to study at the Higher Naval School. Frunze in Leningrad, and in 1939 he was sent to the newly opened Caspian Naval School in Baku. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the school switched to accelerated training. In November 1941, early graduation of 4th year students was carried out in it.

Having received an excellent reference, Rostislav Grokhovsky, with the rank of lieutenant, was seconded to the disposal of the commander of the Siberian Military District. Among a group of 8 graduates of the Caspian Military Medical School, he was sent to the 71st OSBR, where he received the post of assistant chief of staff of the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the brigade.

On December 2, 1941, the young lieutenant died in the vicinity of the village of Dyakovo, Dmitrovsky district, and was initially buried in a mass grave in the same village, and then transferred to a mass grave in the village of Paramonovo as Rostislav Konstantinovich Grakhovsky.

56th separate rifle brigade.

On December 6, 1941, the 6th Panzer Division of the German General Raus, after losing the village of Yazykovo and the villages of Paramonovo, Zhukovo, Bornosovo and Goncharovo, began to retreat from the area of ​​the village of Olgovo, Dmitrovsky district. "At first the retreat went smoothly, the general wrote, but the next day, as we crossed the hills, our cars began to slide helplessly on the icy road. There were fears that the Russians would catch up and destroy our rearguard if we took the time to save every vehicle. Therefore, I ordered the surviving equipment to be reloaded onto a few surviving tractors and the rest of the vehicles burned. At the same time, I reinforced the vanguard of all the remaining infantry and deliberately slowed down the pace of the retreat. We fought containment battles, relying on rare villages. Uninhabited areas became especially dangerous, since our soldiers did not have winter clothes and could simply freeze. The villages also attracted the Russians, who also preferred permanent hiding places for their troops. As a result, the retreat turned into a race from one village to another.”

The 56th separate rifle brigade pursued the retreating enemy, before which the command of the 1st Shock Army had previously been tasked with advancing in the direction of the village of Paramonovo-Olgovo village and, acting together with the 44th and 71st rifle brigades, free Olgovo from the enemy and strategically cut important road Yakhroma-Fedorovka.

The formation of the 56th OSBR took place during November 1941 in the Chkalov (Orenburg) region. The basis of the brigade was the cadets of the Tyumen, Achinsk, Ulyanovsk and Penza military infantry schools, the 1st and 2nd Leningrad artillery schools, who did not have time to complete an accelerated course of study and were recalled from their studies in connection with the outbreak of World War II. Colonel Ragulya Ivan Leontyevich became the brigade commander.

On November 25, 1941, the 56th Rifle Brigade arrived by rail from the city of Chkalov (Orenburg) to the station Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad) of the Moscow Region, and then was sent on foot to Dmitrov. On December 2, 1941, the 56th OSBR crossed the Moscow-Volga Canal near the village of Dedenevo.

Antonina Timofeevna Belozerova, a resident of the village of Shukolovo, recalls: “Once, I remember, we see a lot of soldiers coming towards us from below in Shukolovo, all in white disguise. When the people asked them who they were, they answered: "We are Siberians." They were allowed to rest in our village, they gave a lights out. Then the soldiers dispersed to their homes - several people entered the house, and the owners welcomed them. Our house was small, 5 or 6 people came to us. Mom rather put the samovar, and my sister and I - she was already a teenager, and I was younger - were embarrassed and darted to the stove, from where they began to watch the soldiers. And they are so cheerful, cheerful, sitting talking, laughing. One, apparently the eldest, noticed us on the stove, smiled and gave us a large rusk of brown bread from his pocket. My sister and I broke it, and it smelled of tobacco. And as soon as they settled down at the table, untied their bags, took out canned food, something else to eat, they shouted in the street: “Get up!” They immediately zasobiralis and did not even have time to drink tea. All the people came out to see them off. Previously, the road from Shukolov went straight to Paramonovo - the cemetery was smaller and there were no buildings behind the cemetery. The soldiers went along this road to Paramonovo. When they came out of their houses in their white clothes, we looked and wondered how many of them were walking through our village.”

Rifle brigades arriving from the rear, unlike the enemy, knew firsthand about the Russian frosts. “It was cold, but everyone was well dressed,” noted one of the veterans participating in the battle of Moscow, who arrived in 1941 in the Dmitrovsky district from Siberia. — Everyone has warm sheepskin coats, felt boots, a hat, mittens ... When the dead were buried, they tried to save sheepskin coats, hats, felt boots for replenishment, since the replenishment came dressed worse than the original composition.

Leaving Shukolovo and approaching enemy positions, the 56th Rifle Brigade crossed the deep Paramonovsky ravine and the Volgusha River. In the forest near the village of Zhukovo, the soldiers clashed with the Nazis. The brigade managed to push back the enemy and occupy the area southeast of Zhukov, but in the battles for Olgovo it failed, and its fighters had to withdraw to the previously occupied lines.

With the armament of the 56th OSBR, the situation was approximately the same as that of the 71st OSBR: for example, out of the 107 vehicles assigned to it, the brigade received only 33, there were not enough 76 mm guns, mortars and machine guns. Under these conditions, the 56th Infantry Brigade, as well as other units of the 1st Shock Army, after the very first battles, was threatened with a rapid depletion of forces and, as a result, offensive capability. The attacking infantry, without tangible support from artillery and other branches of the armed forces, obviously carried O greater losses than the defending Nazis. When, as a result of some tactical trick, the infantry managed to break through the front, the enemy began to hastily pull reinforcements to the place of the breakthrough.

In addition, almost all parts of the 1st Shock Army were thrown into battle "from the wheels." They had to continuously storm the chains of enemy strongholds, the defense of which was growing all the time. Often, our advancing troops, who did not have time to gain a foothold in any of the taken settlements, were thrown back by an enemy counterattack to their original position. Altogether, operations costing both combatants thousands of casualties have in many cases resulted in a shift of the front line by several hundred meters. Even then they were called "battles for the forester's hut."

However, despite all the circumstances mentioned, the Germans along the entire front line slowly but surely continued to retreat to westbound. According to the testimonies of prisoners from the Nazi 23rd Infantry Division, in early December they suffered heavy losses from our artillery and aviation, and also had a large number of frostbite. The offensive plans of the Wehrmacht were based on the rapid defeat of the enemy before the onset of cold weather. But Soviet army was not destroyed. For the winter campaign, the Nazis did not undertake any thorough preparations, so their soldiers froze in light uniforms and narrow boots, the equipment got up due to frozen fuel and lubricants. But the most important thing that the Germans did not take into account when developing their far-reaching plans is the uniqueness of the Russian soldier.

Thus, the 56th Rifle Brigade, to which this section is devoted, having no advantages in armament over the enemy and overcoming his stubborn resistance, was able to develop a successful offensive against 7 tank division the enemy between the flanks of the 71st Infantry Brigade, which fought for Yazykovo and Bornosovo, and the 44th Infantry Brigade, which ousted the Nazis from Stepanovo. At the same time, separate battalions of the 56th OSBR provided assistance to their neighbors both in the battles in Yazykovo and in Stepanovo.

Then the brigade took the villages of Mukhanka and Volgusha, she participated in the capture of the village of Olgovo and the village of Fedorovka. In these battles, its fighters destroyed up to 3 companies of enemy infantry, captured more than a dozen tanks, vehicles, guns and motorcycles.

The losses of 56 OSBR in those battles are comparable to the losses of 71 OSBR. In the mass grave in Yazykovo, many of its glorious warriors are buried, who were previously hosted by the inhabitants of Shukolov.

The command of the Western Front decided to create a strike group for operations in the Klin-Solnechnogorsk offensive operation, which included 56 OSBR. The significance of this group of troops of the 1st Shock Army can hardly be overestimated. The German tank formations had to fight oncoming battle with our attacking brigades, instead of moving towards Moscow, in accordance with the directives of their high command. In these battles, they suffered losses and, as a result, could not get closer to their goal. In the end, the German troops in the northern direction were forced to go on the defensive, having exhausted their offensive capabilities.

F. Halder, Chief of Staff of the High Command of the Wehrmacht Ground Forces, admitted that on December 6, 1941, when the Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk offensive, the myth of the invincibility of the German army was "smashed." After December 6, 1941, the German soldier Adolf Fortheimer sent home such a letter : "Dear wife! Here is hell. The Russians don't want to leave Moscow. They began to advance. Every hour brings terrible news for us. It is so cold that the soul freezes. You can't go outside in the evening - they'll kill you. I beg you - stop writing to me about silk and shoes that I have to bring you from Moscow. Understand - I'm dying, I'm dying, I feel it.

On January 21, 1942, the 56th OSBR was withdrawn to the reserve of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command and concentrated in the Klin area. For active and successful actions, the entire personnel of the brigade was thanked by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin and the commander of the troops of the Western Front G.K. Zhukov. On May 3, 1942, after fighting on the North-Western Front, the 133rd Rifle Division of the second formation was deployed on the basis of the 56th OSBR.

Conclusion.

"And to you, whose names are in marble,

And to you, who are still in the ranks,

Thank you eternally for the world born again!

For bird trills! For my spring!

(Yuri Anatolievich Kiselyov,

poem from the collection "Think with me", 2012).

At the end of December 1942, Galkina Zoya Dmitrievna, a teacher at the Dedenevskaya school, the one who recognized three disguised German intelligence officers in the village bomb shelter, received the following letter: "Greetings from the front! Hello, dear teacher-educator of my childhood days, unforgettable Zoya Dmitrievna. Allow me to send you warm fighting greetings and wish you all the best in your working life. Let me also congratulate you on the upcoming holiday - the New Year, with new happiness in your life. Spend this holiday the way you need to spend it during the days of the Great Patriotic Liberation War. We will also spend it in such a way that the Fritz will remember it like a hot day. Please convey my regards to all my friends, teachers and students of the 9th and 10th grades. I firmly press your hand. I'm waiting for an answer. Your student Shamin Kolya.

The front line then, a year after the events of the battle for Moscow, was already far from Dedenev and from the borders of the Dmitrovsky district. But only then the soldiers and rear services remaining in the village began to gradually leave our district.

Dedenevites and residents of the surrounding villages and villages knew from their own experience what war is, and miraculously escaped the occupation.

The Moscow-Volga Canal became one of those lines at which the enemy was stopped, and where the strategy of the German blitzkrieg was finally buried. Here the counter-offensive of our army began, and as a result, the Wehrmacht suffered its first major defeat in World War II. Parts of the 1st Shock Army played one of the key roles in these battles.

All four of the aforementioned rifle brigades suffered their first losses in Dedenevo and its environs. Almost the entire original composition of 44, 56 and 71 separate rifle brigades remained forever on Dmitrov land.

In terms of the number of troops, our and the German army in the battle near Moscow in December 1941 were approximately the same, while in armament the Soviet troops were significantly inferior to the enemy. Therefore, the main "weapon" of our side was the human resource. That is why there are so many mass graves in these parts.

Until now, every spring in the vicinity of Dedenevo, local search teams raise from under the earthen mass overgrown with weeds more than a dozen soldiers who died for the freedom of our Motherland and the lives of future generations of Russian people. In the words of the search engines themselves, the corresponding time layer is "literally full of iron and people."

Why did those warriors “from the bench and from the plow” and very young guys deployed a professional German army from Moscow towards Berlin, which had already left thousands of kilometers behind, and forced it to retreat and defend itself? Why did the Nazis fail to overcome the last frontier? Why did the Reichsfuhrer himself allow a change in plans and main tasks during the attack on Moscow, when the city was almost in the hands of the German army? Why, on the evening of December 5, 1941, was Hitler issued a “stop order” to stop this offensive, although in the first half of the same December 5, the advance of his troops to the canal, although not without difficulties, continued to develop?

- You will write an article, do not forget to mention the frosts, - after our conversation about the war, Margarita Dmitrievna, Chairman of the Dedenevsky Council of Veterans, admonished me. How did nature help us? Tell us about our people, about the soldiers. As they heard the order of the Motherland, they accepted it with dignity and carried it out no matter what, to the end. How, without looking back, they made self-sacrifice for us... This is the most important thing. What would happen if the Germans with tanks reached at least Shukolovsky Hill? All the surrounding villages, as in the palm of your hand. At the bottom of the hill is the river Ikshanka - you just can’t approach it. And a stone temple on the mountain. The Dmitrovskoye Highway, the canal, and the road to Noginsk are right there - everything is visible and shot through ... But, as they say, God is not in power, but in truth. And the truth was on our side.

Bibliography:

- Gordeev A.I. Days and nights of sapper Shamshurov. - Dmitrov: Publishing House "Vesti", 2010. - 178 p.

— Karasev V.S., Rybakov S.S. Rogachev highway. Victory found in defeat. Fighting group Zakharov. November-December 1941. - Dmitrov, 2012. - 400 p.: 64 p. incl.

— Karasev V.S. Yakhroma bridge. Essay on military operations on the territory of the Dmitrovsky district during the battle for Moscow. November-December 1941. - M.: Drofa, 2008. - 256 p.: 48 p. incl.

— Kuvshinov S.F. At the walls of the capital. - text from militera.lib.ru.

— Kuznetsov V.I. 1st Shock Army in the battles near Moscow. - text from militera.lib.ru.

- Lisitsyn F.Ya. First shock. - text from militera.lib.ru.

- Makarov G. Campaign of 1942. - text from the site Proza.ru.

— Suldin A.V. Battle for Moscow. Full chronicle - 203 days. - Moscow: AST, 2014. - 160 p.

- Golodnyuk I.A., article "Speakless caps in the snow", newspaper "Znamya Oktyabrya" dated 05/08/1976.

- Lykov A., article "At Yazykov", the newspaper "Dmitrovsky Vestnik" dated 08/08/1991.

— Trekov A.D. Brief combat path of the 71st (2nd Guards) separate naval rifle brigade, November 1941 - March 1941 Western and Northwestern fronts, MZDK archive collection " military history» l. 247.

— Soin I.E. “Dedenevo during the war years”, funds of the Dedenevo Library-Museum and the Dedenevo Book of Memory.

- Help "Partisans of the Iksha detachment", archive of the MZDK collection "Military history" l. 202.

- Certificate of combat operations of the 56th separate rifle brigade of the 1st Shock Army, archive of the MZDK, collection "Military History" l. 36.

- TsAVMF, f. 881, op. 6270, d. 220, ll. 1.1 vol. 2.31.37.

- Materials from the site pobeda1945.su/user/1579.

- Materials from the site obd-memorial.ru.

— Materials from the site mosobl-memorial.ru.

The article uses photographs from the funds of the Primorsky State Museum named after V.K. Arsenyev, Vladivostok and the photo archive of the Dmitrovsky Kremlin Museum-Reserve.

I express my special gratitude for the help in the preparation of the material:

- to the commander of the Dmitrovsky search detachment municipal district"Frontier of Glory" Rybakov Sergei Stanislavovich;

- Chief Researcher of the Department "All-Russian Order" Badge of Honor "VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Professor, Colonel Andrey Leonidovich Chibisov;

- Captain 1st Rank Pyresin Mikhail Nikolaevich, Kaliningrad;

- captain of the 3rd rank, a resident of the village of Dedenevo Glivenko Dmitry Sergeevich;

- Chairman of the Dedenevsky Council of Veterans Margarita Dmitrievna Murashkina;

- honorary residents of the village of Dedenevo Speranskaya Irina Mikhailovna and Tyagacheva Antonina Fedorovna;

- a resident of the village of Shukolovo Belozerova Antonina Timofeevna;

- a resident of the village of Dyakovo Chervyakova Anna Mikhailovna;

- a resident of the village Yazykovo Sommer Ernst Igorevich;

- the editor-in-chief of the socio-political newspaper of the urban settlement Dedenevo "Dedenevo-XXI" Isaeva Larisa Viktorovna;

— senior researcher of the Dmitrovsky Kremlin Museum-Reserve Natalya Vasilievna Tabunova;

— employees of the archive department and photo archive of the Dmitrovsky Kremlin Museum-Reserve;

— employees of the Dedenevskaya library-museum;

- Director of the museum of the 71st separate rifle brigade in GBOU School No. 118, Moscow Tatiana Nikolaevna Zolotova;

- Chief Curator of the Primorsky State Museum named after V.K. Arsenyev, Vladivostok Kerchelaeva Nina Bislanovna.

And also my separate and very special Gratitude Otrubyannikova Svetlana Leonidovna for her warmest and unwavering support.

Yu.M. Elokhin,

With. Shukolovo, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region.

January 2015.

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Rifle division- RIFLE DIVISION, organizationally part of the rifle corps or combined arms army and acted, as a rule, as part of them; in some cases, she performed a combat mission on her own. Does not mean. the number of S. d. was included directly in the front ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia

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Books

• , . Print-on-demand reprint edition from the 1929 original. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1929 edition (Publishing house `Trukikoda`ERK``).…
• Year of the Revolution 1917-18 Guards Rifle Division in the Great War. , . Print-on-demand reprint edition from the 1929 original. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1929 edition (Trukikoda publishing house ...
• Muscovite volunteers in defense of the Fatherland. 3rd Moscow Communist Rifle Division in years, Biryukov Vladimir Konstantinovich. On July 2, 1941, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks invited local party organizations to lead the creation of a people's militia, and on the same day the Military Council of the Moscow Military District adopted the "Resolution on ...

44th separate rifle brigade formed in the city of Krasnoyarsk on October 19, 1941 by Order of the Siberian Military District No. 0073 of 10/16/1941. The brigade was formed according to the states of the cadet brigade No. 04 / 730; 04 / 740; 04/741; 04/742; 04/743; 04/744; 04/32; 04/33; 04/35; 04/36; 04/37; 04/38; 04/39; 04/16; 04/69.

Brigade commanders:

The brigade commander during its formation was Lieutenant Colonel Anikin from 19.10 to 9.11.1941.

9.11-27.11.1941 - acting major Rygalov (seconded to the army headquarters);

11/27/1941 - to 03/03/1942 - Colonel Mironov Andrey Yakovlevich (wounded near the village of Gorushka);

03/04-03/26/1942 - Lieutenant Colonel Shishimorev Grigory Petrovich (killed on 03/26/1942);

04/11/04/20/1942 - Colonel Subbotin Mikhail Timofeevich (wounded near the village of Ramushevo);

04/27/06/07/1942 - Colonel Ivan Petrovich Fedotov (recalled to the army headquarters);

From 06/07/1942 - Colonel Fedor Ivanovich Chirkov.

From 12/13/1942 - major general Efremov Vasily Vladimirovich

Brigade commissioners:

11/09/1941 - 03/04/1942 - battalion commissar Chugunov (wounded near the village of Gorushka);

03/04-03/25/1942 - battalion commissar Malygin (missing on 03/25/1942);

March 25 - April 26, 1942 - battalion commissar Alekhin (killed near the village of Ramushevo);

From 04/27/1942 - battalion commissar Soldaev Ivan Ivanovich (died 10/12/1943).

Brigade Combat:

The brigade, after formation and combat training for one month, on November 27, 1941, arrived on the Western Front and became part of the 1st Shock Army.

From November 27, 1941 to January 19, 1942, the brigade fought against the German invaders near Moscow, on the Yakhroma-Solnechnogorsk-Shakhovskaya directions.

During the entire period of fighting near Moscow, the brigade fought only with its own composition, without any means of reinforcement or any supporting artillery. The tasks set by combat orders in the battles near Moscow were carried out by the brigade with honor and exactly according to the orders.

The most characteristic episodes of the battle in the actions of the brigade near Moscow were as follows:

Battle near the village of Stepanovo, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region.

The village of Stepanovo was turned by the Germans into a defensive center of a reinforced German infantry battalion with 20 tanks.

The enemy's defense was organized all-round with the direct support of mortars and artillery. The fire of the resistance node - Stepanovo was well coordinated with the flank fire of the neighboring villages, as well as with the artillery of the neighboring nodes of resistance.

The brigade, having arrived on November 27, 1941 as part of the 1st Shock Army, on November 29 received a combat order to capture Stepanovo. The start of the offensive by combat order was determined on the morning of November 30, 1941.

Thus, the brigade was forced to begin its combat operations without a thorough, essential, at least close reconnaissance. Having taken the initial position for the offensive in the area of ​​the village of Dedenevo, the brigade launched an offensive with all its forces in one echelon, sending one battalion from the northeast, another battalion from the east and a third battalion from the south.

The battle for Stepanovo lasted 6 days, and only on December 7, by the roundabout movement of the 8th ski battalion, Stepanovo was taken by the brigade.

During the battles for Stepanovo, the brigade lost up to 60% of its personnel wounded and killed. Trophies captured: 6 tanks, 19 vehicles, 24 guns and various other military property.

Battle near Leonidovo, Moscow region.

Pursuing the retreating enemy, on December 11, 1941, the brigade approached Leonidovo with the avant-garde 2nd battalion.

Leonidovo, representing an enemy stronghold, was defended by a company of submachine gunners with 3 enemy guns and mortars.

The vanguard 2nd battalion, having established contact with the enemy, immediately turned around and launched an offensive. The enemy, having let the battalion in at 150-200 meters, met with strong fire from machine guns, mortars and artillery. The battalion, having lost the battalion commander killed, having suffered heavy losses, did not achieve any results and retreated to its original position. The next day, instead of the 2nd battalion, the 3rd battalion was thrown into the attack on Leonidovo, which fought for 2 days, but had no success, and only on the night of 12/13/12/1941, by decision of the brigade commander, 3- th battalion with the help of the approaching 1st battalion and roundabout actions from the north of the 8th ski battalion, by the end of December 13, Leonidovo was cleared of fascist evil spirits. During this battle, the brigade lost 400 people killed and wounded and captured many machine guns, machine guns and ammunition.

Battle near Kruglovo Moscow region.

In the process of further persecution of the fascist troops, by December 30, 1941, the brigade received an order to seize vil. Kruglovo on the banks of the Lama River.

The enemy at this line, using a long-term structure made long before the start of World War II by the Red Army, went on the defensive, with the goal of fighting a big battle with the task of delaying the advance of army units in order to be able to pull the main forces further to the west and mainly to withdraw the loot Soviet property through Art. Shekhovskaya.

The brigade, not having enough time to prepare an offensive and such an offensive as breaking through a heavily fortified line, on December 30 launched an attack on the front line of the enemy on the move. Despite the presence in the brigade of up to 30% of the personnel assigned to the state, the units fought for 15 days. Having suffered losses, on January 15 the brigade was exhausted and went on the defensive near Kruglovo, where it remained until it was transferred to the left flank of the army.

On January 19, the brigade was withdrawn to the area of ​​​​the city of Klin, where it received 1,500 reinforcements. Having put itself in order, replenished with personnel, the brigade also led the way with weapons preparatory work for transfer to the Northwestern Front.

The brigade as part of the 1st Shock Army arrived at the North-Western Front and settled down in the area of ​​vil. Ermoshkino. On February 23, the brigade fought with the task of capturing Gorushka and Syroezhino. Having launched an offensive, first with one battalion, and then with the other two battalions, the brigade captured Syroezhino with varying success. The enemy, with a force of up to an infantry battalion with tanks, and later with the support of aviation, also with varying success, held the occupied line. For 12 days of fighting for Gorushka and Syroezhino, the brigade lost 654 people killed and 1063 people wounded. 137 people are missing. On March 6, 1942, the brigade was assigned to the 2nd echelon.

Defense of Novo-Svinukhovo and Podtsepochye.

Having in its composition no more than 25-30% of the regular number of personnel during the enemy offensive in the Ramushevsky direction, on the night of March 15-16, by order of Shtarm, the brigade took up defenses near Novo-Svinukhovo and Podtsepoche.

The enemy, with a strength of up to two divisions, supported by a large number of bomber aircraft, on March 19, advancing, approached Novo-Svinukhovo. The brigade steadfastly holding on to the occupied line, until the 24th, that is, within 5 days, repelled all enemy attacks. On March 24, in the sector of the neighboring brigade, the enemy broke through the defense and went to the flank and rear of the brigade. The position of the brigade became critical, but without an order to withdraw, the brigade fought in complete encirclement. On March 26, the brigade received an order from Shtarm to withdraw from the battle, and during the night of March 27 and all day on March 27, the brigade broke through and went out to its own from the encirclement. In this battle, the following were killed: the brigade commander, Lieutenant Colonel Shishimorov, the chief of artillery, Major Kolganov, the chief of staff, Captain Graivere, and others. In total, the brigade lost up to 700 people during this battle.

Battle near Ramushevo.

Coming out of the encirclement, the brigade consisted of only 250 people and on April 17, due to the difficult situation at the front of the army, was thrown into the defense of the village of Ramushevo. The enemy, with the support of tanks, artillery and aviation, madly rushed to the Lovat River, with the goal of connecting with units of the 16th German Army, which by this time were surrounded in the area of ​​​​the city of Demyansk.

The brigade was in a swampy and wooded area. The severity of the conditions was aggravated by the coming spring, and hence the damage to roads and the entry into their rights of swamps. It was not only difficult, but also impossible, to transport ammunition and ammunition. The brigade was fed only by dropping food and ammunition by planes. Dropping it was carried out in a very scanty amount. Despite these conditions, the brigade fought until April 29, by which time only 52 people remained in the brigade. In these battles, the commander of the brigade, Colonel Subbotin, was seriously wounded, the commissar of the brigade, senior battalion commissar Alekhin, was killed, and the chief of staff of the brigade, Lieutenant Colonel Yuryev, was wounded. All the rear of the brigade was used up as riflemen. On April 29, the remnants of the brigade - 52 people were transferred to the 27th brigade as reinforcements, and the remaining command staff of the brigade was assigned to the rear of the Army for staffing. The brigade was in the rear of the army until May 21, 1942.

The defense of the brigade at the turn of Bol. Mane, Ovchinkino, Astrilovo, Harino, Medium.

On May 21, 1942, the brigade accepted separate 1, 4, 5, 8, 18 ski battalions scattered on a front of 25 km and thus took up defense at the turn: Bol. Manes, Ovchinkino, Astrilovo, Harino and Srednyaya.

On June 6, the enemy, up to an infantry regiment, with the support of artillery, mortars and 4 aircraft, attacked the 2nd battalion and partly the 1st battalion. The small garrisons of the battalions repulsed enemy attacks with honor and selflessness. In these battles, Senior Lieutenant Cheremin, with his garrison of 32 people, selflessly fighting off the advancing German battalion, in conditions of complete encirclement, died, but did not retreat a single step. In another garrison, ordinary machine gunner Fedor Chistyakov, alone with his Maxim machine gun, exterminated up to 200 Nazis on the spot and thus did not allow the enemy to complete his task. The brigade at this turn and in this battle fought for 2 days, having exterminated up to 1200 fascists, for its part lost 165 people wounded and killed.

On the night of June 9-10, by order of Shtarm No. 068, the brigade withdrew from the occupied line to the new defensive line of Slugino, Galuzino, Kostkovo, Poddorye, Sokolye. The brigade, having up to 140 people in the 3rd battalion, accepted the battle and fought it for 2 days. The enemy in this battle, having lost up to 600 killed and wounded, abandoned the offensive and went on the defensive along the western bank of the Redya River. The brigade has remained to defend this line to this day. During the defense of the Redya River line from June 10 to November 20, 1942, by the actions of individual detachments and small groups, the brigade exterminated 3000 Nazis and captured 35 rifles, 6 light machine guns, 3 machine guns and other military property.

Positive and negative moments in the combat activities of the brigade.

The composition of the brigade.

When the brigade was formed, its composition was personnel. Parts of the brigade consisted of cadets of military schools and Red Army personnel. The assigned composition was only about 40% in relation to the regular number of wartime. Combat training of the brigade, not counting the training of Red Army soldiers and cadets, in a military school and in the ranks of the Red Army, was carried out in wartime for one month (from 19.10 to 19.11.1941).

Brigade Awards.

The brigade does not have a Red Banner. During the fighting in the brigade was awarded.

Order "Lenin:

Chief of Artillery, Major Kolganov Zot Vasilyevich.

Platoon commander, junior lieutenant Fedor Fedorovich Chistyakov.

Order of the Red Banner:

Executive secretary of the political department, senior lieutenant Lenkov Alexey Pavlovich.

Platoon commander, junior lieutenant Sergey Ivanovich Andrianov.

Company commander, senior lieutenant Khripkin Alexander Mikhailovich.

Executive secretary of the political department, political instructor Parshukov Ivan Dmitrievich.

Responsible secretary of the political department, political instructor Sharov Alexander Safronovich.

Military commissar of the 1st battalion, political instructor Korovkin Konstantin Vasilyevich.

Commissar of the mortar battalion, battalion commissar Toshyn Zagovshan Abramovich.

Deputy commander of artillery division 76, captain Kushner Vasily Ilyich.

Chief of Staff of the Brigade, Captain Griver Isaak Izrailovich.

Head of the political department of the brigade, battalion commissar Kakov Mikhail Kerbetovich.

Head of the political department of the brigade, senior battalion commissar Rogotsky Ivan Yurievich.

Brigade commander Lieutenant Colonel Shishimorov Grigory Petrovich.

The commander of the submachine gunners, Red Army soldier Ivan Mikhailovich Hortov.

Company commander, Lieutenant Aksenov Nikolai Vasilyevich.

Red Army soldier Vishnyakov Pantelei Petrovich.

Company commander, lieutenant Demin Boris Vasilyevich.

Red Army soldier Lavrukhin Emelyan Romanovich.

Responsible secretary of the Komsomol, political instructor Vilsky Sidor Georgievich.

Head of the 1st unit, Captain Yezuitov Boris Mikhailovich.

Gun commander, senior sergeant Nikolai Kuzmich Litvinov.

Deputy battalion commander, senior lieutenant Vysotsky Alexey Ivanovich.

Platoon commander, junior lieutenant Yezhov Vasily Vasilyevich.

Company commander, senior lieutenant Kapustin Nikolay Methodievich.

Deputy company commander, Lieutenant Novozhilov Nikolai Semenovich.

Squad commander, senior sergeant Kokin Arseniy Petrovich.

Squad commander, Sergeant Shalmanov Nikolai Germanovich.

Company commander, senior lieutenant Klavdy Andreevich Malygin.

Company commander, Captain Kotlyarov Alexander Vasilyevich.

Company commander, Captain Plugin Vasily Ermolaevich.

Political instructor of the company, junior political instructor Shumsky Alexander Vasilievich.

Deputy battalion commander, Captain Korzhenko Ivan Evseevich.

Political instructor of the company, political instructor Penkov Anatoly Mikhailovich.

Red Army soldier Andrey Yakovlevich Kuznetsov.

Platoon commander, Lieutenant Chamarov Alexander Semenovich.

Company commander, senior lieutenant Sergei Grigorievich Litvinenko.

Platoon commander, senior lieutenant Chudinov Nikolai Grigorievich.

Battery commander, senior lieutenant Maksimov Ivan Pavlovich.

Medical assistant, senior military assistant Litvinov Ivan Semenovich.

Deputy battalion commander, senior lieutenant Georgy Bibovich Kabisov.

Pomkomplatoon, senior sergeant Kuzmin Boris Mikhailovich.

Deputy Chief of Staff, Major Kovyazin Ivan Dmitrievich.

Assistant to the Deputy for Political Affairs Zhuravlev Alexei Nikolaevich.

Company commander, Captain Kopasov Petr Vasilyevich.

Platoon commander, Lieutenant Nekrasov Pavel Alexandrovich.

Deputy company commander, Lieutenant Razmakhov Konstantin Fedorovich.

Battalion Commander, Captain Filshin Mikhail Georgievich.

Corporal Anisimov Yakov Anisimovich.

Red Army soldier Patrushev Nikolai Grigorievich.

Red Army soldier Asatdulin Gabdulbar Sadykhovich.

Sanitary instructor Kurbanov Zhurtaziz.

The 44th separate rifle brigade was formed on October 19, 1941 on the basis of the order of the Siberian Military District No. 0073 of October 16, 1941. It was formed in Krasnoyarsk from cadets of military schools and was considered the most combat-ready unit of the Siberian Military District. Preparation and combat coordination of units and divisions of the brigade took place in the city of Krasnoyarsk from October 19 to November 16, 1941.

He took over this brigade in Krasnoyarsk from ___.11.1941 and commanded a brigade, as part of the 1st Shock Army, during a counteroffensive near Moscow, Mironov Andrey Yakovlevich, until his wound on 03/02/1942. Source:

Appointed: the military commissar of the brigade - senior battalion commissar Alekhin, the chief of staff of the brigade - major (lieutenant colonel) Pisarev Radion Gavrilovich, the military commissar of the brigade headquarters - battalion commissar Nakov Mikhail Kerbekovich.

After almost a month of combat training on the evening of November 20, 1941, the 44th separate rifle brigade was sent by rail from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow. During a stop in the city of Sverdlovsk, the brigade received 12 guns of 76 mm caliber. On the night of November 27, 1941, the entire brigade arrived at the Khotkovo station of the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region, where it entered the newly formed 1 shock army, which was in the reserve of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. On November 29, Nazi troops broke through the Moscow-Volga Canal near the city of Yakhroma, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Region. The 44th separate rifle brigade was transferred here right from the wheels on a night foot march.

On November 30, 1941, the brigade crossed to the bridgehead south of the city of Yakhroma on the western bank of the canal.

from December 1, 1941 - participation in the counteroffensive near Moscow: the capture of the village of Stepanovo, the Shakhovskaya station;

from February 20, 1942 - a brigade as part of the 1st shock army was transferred to the North-Western Front to destroy a German group of 7 divisions surrounded near Demyansk and took up defense near the village of Novosvinukhovo in the Rushenskoye direction. The brigade, drained of blood in a few days and having been surrounded, again took up defense near the village of Ramushka;

end of April 1942 - the brigade was transferred to the area of ​​the village of Bolshiye Grivy in the Rushinsky direction and took up defense;

Until April 1943, the brigade fought as part of the 1st Shock Army in the Staraya Russa-Kholm area, then it was withdrawn to the village of Detchino, Tula Region.

From April 1943 - 62nd Rifle Division (III F).

After the reorganization, the brigade was deployed into the 62nd Rifle Division (III f) under the command of Major General Efremov.

May 1943 The division became part of the 3rd reserve army and built a defensive line along the eastern bank of the river. Ressa, near the town of Yukhnov, Smolensk region.

from August 1943 - the division as part of the 21st Army (II f) fought for the liberation of Yelnya and Orsha.

brigade commander

Colonel

Mironov Andrey Yakovlevich

Chief of staff

Pisarev Radion Gavrilovich

Office 44 osbr
Brigade commanders:

Lieutenant Colonel Anikin - commander during the formation from 19.10 to 9.11.1941;

Major Rygalov - acting commander from 9.11-27.11.1941;

Colonel Mironov Andrey Yakovlevich, commander from 11/27/1941 to 03/03/1942, wounded on 03/02/1942 under vil. Peas;

Lieutenant colonel Shishimorev Grigory Petrovich- appointed 03/12/1942, killed 26 (27) 03/1942;

Colonel Subbotin Mikhail Timofeevich- appointed 04/09/1942, wounded 04/20/1942 near the village of Ramushevo;

Colonel Fedotov Ivan Petrovich, appointed 04/27/1942 - suspended as unable to cope, recalled to army headquarters;

Colonel Chirkov Fedor Ivanovich- appointed 07/07/1942;

Major General Efremov Vasily Vladimirovich- appointed 12/13/1942.

Brigade commissioners:

11/09/1941 - 03/04/1942 - battalion commissar Chugunov (wounded near the village of Gorushka);

03/04-03/25/1942 - battalion commissar Malygin (missing on 03/25/1942);

03/25-04/26/1942 - battalion commissar Alekhin (killed near the village of Ramushevo);

From 04/27/1942 - battalion commissar Soldaev Ivan Ivanovich (died 10/12/1943).

The 44th brigade arrived at the front as part of the following units and divisions:

​

1deb. rifle battalion;

2 sec. rifle battalion;

3 sec. rifle battalion;

otd. mortar battalion;

otd. communications battalion;

otd. artillery battalion 76 mm guns;

otd. anti-tank battalion;

otd. mortar division - 120 mm mortars;

otd. reconnaissance company;

otd. a company of submachine gunners;

otd. a company of anti-tank rifles;

otd. sapper company;

otd. horse-drawn company;

otd. medical company. - Source:

The 44th separate rifle brigade with command and brigade units in Krasnoyarsk deployed 4 rifle battalions in Achinsk, Abakan, Kansk and Uzhur. It was replenished by cadets of the Achinsk Infantry, 1st Kiev Infantry, 1st Kiev Artillery, Kiev Communications, Ordzhonikidzegrad Automobile and Motorcycle Military Schools, Kharkov and 66th District Schools of Junior Aviation Specialists, schools of junior command personnel of regiments of the 43rd Reserve Rifle Brigade, others military schools in the district. They formed a unit before the arrival of the brigade commander, Colonel A.Ya. Mironov, and led in succession: Major General A.T. Volchkov and brigade commander A.S. Ostroumov.

The party organization of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has made every effort to adequately form this union. On November 14, 1941, the 44th separate, rifle cadet brigade, as one of the most combat-ready formations of the Siberian Military District, departed from Krasnoyarsk to the front in order to take part in the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow as part of the 1st Shock Army. - Source:

44th separate rifle brigade. Historical form.

1. On the basis of what directive (decree, order) was formed.

The 44th separate rifle brigade was formed on the basis of the order of the Siberian Military District No. 0073 dated October 16, 1941.

2. 62 Rifle Division was formed on the basis of 44 Dep. brigade page, based on the Directive Supreme Commander Marshal of the Soviet Union comrade Stalin No. 12237 of March 25, 1943.

3. Period of formation.

44 OSB was formed from October 19, 1941 to November 16, 1941.
62nd Rifle Division was formed from April 5, 1943 to May 25, 1943.

4. In which military district was it formed.

44 OSB was formed in the Siberian Military District.

5. 62nd Rifle Division was formed as part of the 3rd Reserve Army of the Moscow Military District.

6. Place of dislocation during formation.

44 OSB was formed in the city of Krasnoyarsk.

7. 62 sd - in the Detchino area, Sukhodrev station, Tula region.

8. For which states the connection was formed (No. No. of states)

44 OSB was formed according to the states of the Cadet Brigade No. 04 / 730; 04 / 740; 04/741; 04/742; 04/743; 04/744; 04/32; 04/33; 04/35; 04/36; 04/37; 04/38; 04/39; 04/16; 04/69.

9. 62 SD was formed by states: 04/550 - 04/562.

10. 44 OSB took part in the Patriotic War from November 27, 1941 to March 20, 1943 as part of the 1st Shock Army of the Western and Northwestern Fronts, entered the battle on the orders of the 1st Shock Army.

62nd Rifle Division, as part of the 3rd Reserve Army, arrived on the Western Front on May 30, 1943. And it is concentrated in the Yukhnov area. Did not participate in battles.
(The 44th separate rifle brigade subsequently merged, from April 1943, into the 62nd rifle division, so their simultaneous formation is indicated here)

The end of November 1941 - the arrival of the brigade near Moscow as part of the 1st Shock Army, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bDmitrovskoye Highway on the northern outskirts of the capital;

from December 1, 1941 - participation in the counteroffensive near Moscow: the capture of the village of Stepanovo, art. Shakhovskaya;

from February 20, 1942 - a brigade as part of the 1st Shock Army was transferred to the North-Western Front to destroy a German group of 7 divisions surrounded near Demyansk and took up defense near the village of Novosvinukhovo.

The brigade, drained of blood, after several days of continuous fighting and having been surrounded, again took up defense near the village of Ramushevo;
end of April 1942 - the brigade was transferred to the area of ​​the village of Bolshiye Grivy in the Ramushevsky direction and took up defense;

until April 1943 - the brigade fought as part of the 1st Shock Army in the Staraya Russa - Kholm area, then it was withdrawn to the village. Detchino, Tula region.
After the reorganization, the brigade was deployed into the 62nd Infantry Division (commander Major General Efremov).
May 1943 - the division became part of the 3rd reserve army and built a defensive line along the eastern bank of the river. Ressa, near the city of Yuzhnov, Smolensk region;

since August 1943, the division as part of the 21st Army fought for the liberation of Yelnya and Orsha.
Further, the division was transferred to the 31st Army and participated in the defeat of the Orshinsky group of Germans, crossed the Dnieper, liberated Belarus and Lithuania.
The division met the end of the war in East Prussia. - Source:

Brief description of the fighting of the 44th separate rifle brigade in 1941
The 44th OSB was formed on October 19, 1941 in Krasnoyarsk by order of the Siberian Military District No. 0073 of 10/16/1941. After a month of combat training, on November 27, 1941, she arrived in full force on the Western Front, where she became part of the 1st Shock Army.
From November 27, 1941 to January 19, 1942, the brigade fought against the German invaders near Moscow: in the Yakhroma, Solnechnogorsk, and Shakhov directions. During this period, the brigade conducted a number of military operations with the enemy, following the combat orders of the command. The most characteristic hostilities during this period were the battles near the village of Stepanovo, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. and near the village of Leonidovo, Moscow Region.
The village of Stepanovo, defended by a reinforced enemy battalion supported by 20 tanks and a large amount of artillery, was turned into a strong center of resistance with all-round defense, supported by flanking fire from neighboring villages and artillery fire from other centers of resistance.
A day after its arrival on the Western Front, on November 29, 1941, the brigade received a combat order to capture the village of Stepanovo. With the capture of the village of Stepanovo, the brigade took trophies: 6 tanks, 24 guns, 19 vehicles and many other military equipment.
Our losses in this battle amounted to 60% of the personnel killed and wounded.
Pursuing the enemy, on December 11, the brigade approached the village of Leonidovo, Moscow Region, which was a stronghold defended by a company of enemy submachine gunners, supported by mortars and three guns. After a stubborn battle, the 3rd battalion, together with the 1st and bypass maneuver from the north of the 8th ski battalion, by the end of December 13, the village of Leonidovo was cleared of the Nazis. Many machine guns, submachine guns and ammunition were captured during the liberation of the village.
Our losses in this battle amounted to 400 people killed and wounded.
In the process of further pursuit of the enemy, on December 30, 1941, the brigade received an order to capture the village of Kruglovo (on the banks of the Lama River).
The enemy, using the long-term constructions of the pre-war construction of the Red Army at this turn, went on the defensive, with the goal of waging a big battle - with the task of delaying the advance of the Red Army units and taking out the looted property through the station. Shakhovskaya.
The brigade did not have enough time to prepare the offensive, and on December 30, it launched an attack on the front line of the enemy on the move, while having up to 30% of the strength required by the state. On January 15, 1942, the brigade was withdrawn to the Klin area, where it received 1,500 reinforcements.
TsAMO RF. F. 44th separate rifle brigade 44th separate rifle brigade in the battles near Moscow - 1941

Siberians made a huge contribution to the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow and provided invaluable support in all subsequent battles. But there are still not enough consolidated studies on the Siberian military formations and their combat way. This also applies to the battle near Moscow.
Since 2000, the assets of the folk museum "Memory" of our 19th school in Krasnoyarsk have been research work on the battlefields and in the archives to collect material on the 44th division. brigade page.
Many works on the history of the Moscow battle highlight the dramatic situation that developed in the Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk direction in late November - early December 1941. It is difficult to imagine a more acute danger for Moscow.
On November 27, 1941, the 44th separate rifle brigade arrives in the 1st shock army.
On November 29, Nazi troops broke through the Moscow-Volga canal in the Yakhroma region. Stalin entrusted the commander of the army, Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov, with personal leadership of the counterattack on the enemy grouping that had broken through. The 44th brigade was transferred here right from the wheels after the night march.
For many soldiers, the very first lessons of the merciless "literacy campaign" of the war were the last. I had to learn on a lot of blood.
Near Moscow and under Staraya Russa the remains of our fighters still lie. The task of the Krasnoyarets search detachment, in which we work, is to find, raise and bury soldiers with the honors they deserve.
On one of the slabs of the memorial cemetery in the village of Davydovo, Starorussky district, Novgorod region, we found the name of Shishimorov, commander of the 44th division. brigade page. This means that our countrymen are also here, but many of them were reported missing.
In October 2007, during construction work in the village of Stepanovo, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Region, the remains of soldiers of the Great Patriotic War were discovered. According to the data read from the found medallions, it was established that these were fighters of the 44th division. brigade page. There were no doubts among the veterans, who confirmed that the village of Stepanovo was liberated only by the soldiers of the 44th brigade.
According to the TsAMO RF database, we have established the names of our Krasnoyarsk fellow countrymen. On December 5, 2007, a solemn burial took place in the village of Stepanovo, which was attended by representatives of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - participants in search expeditions.
The memory of the soldiers of the 44th OSBR - the defenders of Moscow is immortalized at the Memorial to the Siberian soldiers on the 42nd km of the Volokolamsk highway, at the grand opening of which was a brigade veteran Georgy Mikhailovich Kuleshov.
In 2005, the first book "The Battle Path of the 44th Separate Rifle Brigade" was published, authored by brigade veteran Pavel Antonovich Zhishchenko.
December 5, 2006 happened significant event: a memorial plaque was opened on the building where the headquarters of the 44th brigade was located. This is the result joint work youth and veterans. The opening ceremony was attended by veterans of the 44th OSBR Kuleshov Georgy Mikhailovich and Zhishchenko Pavel Antonovich. They played essential role in the restoration of the events of those heroic and tragic years.