We offer to buy nickel sheets NP2 on favorable terms:

• Large selection of assortments and standard sizes.
• Possibility of additional metal processing - cutting, bending, galvanizing, perforation
• Sale in pieces and blanks
• Sales of products, both wholesale and retail.
• Prices without intermediary commissions.
• Various payment methods and terms.
• Flexible system of discounts for wholesale and regular partners.
• Free professional consultations.
• Possibility of pre-packaging the order in the warehouse.
• Fast delivery times. Shipment of paid goods within 24 hours in Moscow.
• Delivery to Russian regions in 2-3 days. If necessary, we will independently calculate and order the services of a transport company. Delivery to the transport company terminal is free.
• Packaging of goods in accordance with customer requirements. It is possible to use several types of packaging: PET polyester circle and PVC polyethylene film.
• Possibility of storing goods in our warehouse until shipment.
• Return of goods in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Characteristics and sizes of the assortment.

Nickel sheet NP2 is a flat rectangular semi-finished product manufactured by hot rolling methods.

The advantages of nickel sheet include:

• high strength;
• resistance to corrosion destruction;
• resistance to temperature changes;
• magnetic properties(ferromagnetic).

The characteristics of the product are determined by the properties of the nickel grade NP2 - the so-called. semi-finished nickel according to GOST 492-2006. The standard regulates the content of impurities (carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, etc.) in the metal - a total of no more than 0.5% by weight. The material has heat resistance (resistance to mechanical loads at high temperatures), resistance to corrosion in a variety of aggressive environments, including at elevated temperatures (this property is defined as heat resistance).

Sheet thickness according to GOST varies from 5 to 20 mm, width - 500, 600, 700, 800 mm, length 500-2000 mm. You can buy nickel sheets of measured length, multiples of 100 mm, and unmeasured, fully complying with state standards.

The quality of the product is controlled at all stages of the production process. The surface of the material meets the standards and has no delamination, mechanical damage or other defects.

GOST, TU and other standards.

The technical conditions of the NP2 sheet are determined by GOST 6235-91. High precision of manufacturing and finishing of the product is regulated by GOST 26877-2008. The chemical composition of nickel NP2 corresponds to GOST 492-2006.

Areas of application.

Good mechanical, electrical, and anti-corrosion properties have led to the widespread use of NP2 sheet. In particular, its use is justified in production, where high demands are placed on the corrosion resistance of the material. Main areas of use:

• shipbuilding;
• mechanical engineering, instrument making;
• electrical parts – cathodes, anodes;
• manufacturing of products for the chemical industry - containers, boilers, utensils that interact with aggressive substances.

Sale of nickel sheets from a warehouse in Moscow.

Nickel sheets are sold from a warehouse in Moscow located at:

111123, Moscow, sh. Enthusiastov, 56, building 44

You can receive the paid goods by pickup or by delivery, which will be carried out by our company. Our own fleet of vehicles of various tonnage will allow us to inexpensively and quickly deliver your order to your facility.

When ordering products from 100 kg. delivery will be free for you.

Shipment and delivery of paid goods is carried out within one day.

Nickel sulfate is a crystalline substance of emerald green or turquoise color, soluble in water, eroded in air. This is a type of nickel salt.
Nickel sulfate is a highly toxic substance, so when working with it you must follow the rules for handling hazardous substances.
Chemical formula: NiSO4 7H2O.
Nickel sulfate is used in electroplating for nickel plating of products and metals.
And also - for the manufacture of batteries, catalysts, ferrites in the electronic and electrical industries, in metallurgy for the preparation of alloys. Nickel is widely used in the perfume, fat and chemical industries as a reagent.
In the production of ceramics, nickel sulfate is used as a dye.

Safety requirements for nickel sulfate (nickel sulfate heptahydrate, nickel sulfate) GOST 4465-74.
Nickel(II) sulfate 7-hydrate is a crystalline substance. When ingested into the human body, it has a carcinogenic and generally toxic effect. In contact with the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, the product is irritating and causes increased sensitivity to nickel.
When 7-aqueous nickel (II) sulfate is dissolved in water, a hydroaerosol is formed, which, according to the degree of impact on the body, belongs to substances of the 1st hazard class.
The maximum permissible concentration of hydroaerosol of 7-aqueous nickel sulfate in terms of nickel in the air of the working area is 0.005 mg/m³.
The maximum permissible concentration of nickel ion in the water of reservoirs for sanitary use is 0.1 mg/dm³.
7-hydrate nickel sulfate cannot be neutralized or destroyed. The spilled product after dry and subsequent wet cleaning is disposed of in technological processes for the production or consumption of nickel sulfate.
In the air and wastewater Nickel sulfate does not form toxic substances.
Nickel (II) sulfate 7-water is non-flammable, fire- and explosion-proof.
Everyone working with nickel sulfate must be provided with special clothing, special shoes and other protective equipment. To protect the respiratory system, the ShB-1 “Lepestok” respirator should be used. To avoid contact with the skin of the hands, it is recommended to use protective paste IER-2 and lanolin-castor ointment. If nickel sulfate gets into your eyes, rinse them with copious amounts of water.
Production and laboratory premises in which work with 7-aqueous nickel sulfate is carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, and the equipment must be sealed.

Long before the discovery of nickel, Saxon miners knew a mineral that was similar to copper ore and was used in glass making to color glass in green color. All attempts to obtain copper from it were unsuccessful, and therefore it received the name “kupfernickel”, which roughly means “Copper Devil” (cf. German Nickel - mischievous). This mineral (red nickel pyrite NiAs) was studied by the Swedish mineralogist and chemist Kronstedt in 1751. He managed to obtain green oxide and, by reducing the latter, a new metal called nickel.

Being in nature, receiving:

Nickel is quite common in nature - its content is earth's crust is 0.01% (mass.). In iron meteorites (up to 8%). In plants, on average, 5 * 10 -5 weight percent, in marine animals - 1.6 * 10 -4, in terrestrial animals - 1 * 10 -6, in the human body - 1 ... 2 * 10 -6
The bulk of nickel is obtained from garnierite and magnetic pyrites in several ways:
1. Silicate ore is reduced with coal dust in rotary tube kilns to iron-nickel pellets (5-8% Ni), which are then cleaned of sulfur, calcined and treated with an ammonia solution. After acidifying the solution, metal is obtained from it electrolytically.
2. Carbonyl method (Mond method). First, copper-nickel matte is obtained from sulfide ore, over which CO is passed under high pressure. Highly volatile tetracarbonylnickel is formed by thermal decomposition, which releases a particularly pure metal.
3. Aluminothermic method. Reduction of nickel from oxide ore with aluminum: 3NiO + 2Al = 3Ni +Al 2 O 3.

Physical properties:

Metallic nickel has a silvery color with a yellowish tint, is very hard, tough and malleable, polishes well, and is attracted by a magnet. Density of a simple substance at no. 8.902 g/cm 3, melting point = 1726 K, boiling point = 3005 K.

Chemical properties:

At normal temperatures, nickel is characterized by high corrosion resistance - it is stable in air, water, alkalis, and a number of acids. Reacts with nitric acid, forming nickel(II) nitrate Ni(NO 3) 2 and the corresponding nitrogen oxide.
When heated, nickel reacts with many non-metals: halogens, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon. With atmospheric oxygen at 800°C, nickel forms the oxide NiO.
Nickel is capable of absorbing large volumes of hydrogen, resulting in the formation of solid solutions of hydrogen in nickel.
With carbon(II) monoxide, nickel easily forms volatile and highly toxic carbonyl Ni(CO)4.

The most important connections:

In compounds, cobalt exhibits an oxidation state of +3, +2, 0.
Nickel(II) oxide, NiO - solid from light to dark green or black. Basic properties prevail; it is reduced to metal by hydrogen and other reducing agents.
Nickel(II) hydroxide, Ni(OH) 2- green in color, slightly soluble in water and alkalis, good in many acids, basic properties predominate. When heated, it decomposes to form NiO.
Nickel(II) salts- usually obtained by reacting NiO or Ni(OH) 2 with various acids. Water-soluble nickel salts usually form crystalline hydrates, for example, NiSO 4 *7H 2 O, Ni(NO 3) 2 *6H 2 O. Insoluble nickel compounds include Ni 3 (PO 4) 2 phosphate and Ni 2 SiO 4 silicate. Crystalline hydrates and solutions are usually colored green, and anhydrous salts are yellow or brownish-yellow.
Nickel(II) complex compounds very numerous (number = 6). Their formation explains, for example, the dissolution of nickel oxide in an ammonia solution. Nickel dimethylglyoximate Ni(C 4 H 6 N 2 O 2) 2, which gives a clear red color in an acidic environment, is used as a qualitative reaction to nickel (II) ions.
Nickel(III) compounds- less typical. Known, for example oxide Ni 2 O 3 *H 2 O, a black substance, is obtained by the oxidation of nickel(II) hydroxide into alkaline environment hypochlorite or halogens:
2Ni(OH) 2 + 2NaOH + Br 2 = Ni 2 O 3 *H 2 O + 2NaBr + H 2 O
Strong oxidizing agent.
There are also nickel(III) complex compounds, for example, K 3.
Nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO) 4. Diamagnetic colorless liquid, very volatile and toxic. It hardens at -23°C, and when heated to 180-200°C, it decomposes into metallic nickel and carbon monoxide (II). Ni(CO) 4 is slightly soluble in water, well in organic solvents, and does not react with dilute acids and alkalis.

Application:

Nickel is a component of many alloys - heat-resistant, resistance alloys (nichrome: 60% Ni + 40% Cr), jewelry (white gold, cupronickel), coins.
Nickel is also used for nickel plating - creating a corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of another metal. They are also used for the production of batteries, winding strings of musical instruments...
Nickel is one of the trace elements necessary for the normal development of living organisms. It is known to take part in enzymatic reactions in animals and plants.
Nickel can cause allergies (contact dermatitis) to metals that come into contact with the skin (jewelry, watches, denim rivets). The European Union limits the nickel content in products that come into contact with human skin.

Rudagina Olga
HF Tyumen State University, 581gr., 2011

Sources: Wikipedia: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni, etc.,
Popular library of chemical elements. Nickel. http://n-t.ru/ri/ps/pb028.htm
Website of the Department of General and inorganic chemistry RKhTU im. DI. Mendeleev. Table D.I. Mendeleev: Nickel

Section 1. Characteristics.

Section 2. Being in nature.

Section 3. Receipt.

Section 4. Application.

- Subsection 1. Alloys.

- Subsection 2. Nickel plating.

Section 5. Coinage.

Ni is an element of a secondary subgroup of the eighth group, fourth period periodic table chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 28.

Characteristics nickel

Ni- It is silvery white and does not fade in air. Has a face-centered cubic lattice with period a = 0.35238 NM, space group Fm3m. In its pure form it can be processed by pressure. It is a ferromagnet with a Curie point of 358 C.

Specific electrical resistance 0.0684 μΩ∙m.

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion α=13.5∙10-6 K-1 at 0 C

Coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion β=38—39∙10-6 K-1

Elastic modulus 196-210 GPa.

Nickel atoms have an external electron configuration of 3d84s2. The most stable state for nickel is the oxidation state nickel(II).

Ni forms compounds with oxidation states +2 and +3. In this case, Ni with an oxidation state of +3 is only in the form of complex salts. A large number of ordinary and complex compounds are known for nickel +2 compounds. Nickel oxide Ni2O3 is a strong oxidizing agent.

Ni is characterized by high corrosion resistance - it is stable in air, water, alkalis, and a number of acids. Chemical resistance is due to its tendency to passivation - the formation of a dense oxide film on its surface, which has a protective effect. Ni is actively dissolved in nitric acid.

With carbon monoxide CO, Ni easily forms volatile and highly toxic nickel carbonite (CO)4.

Fine nickel powder is pyrophoric (self-ignites in air).

Ni burns only in powder form. It forms two oxides nickelO and Ni2O3 and, accordingly, two hydroxides nickel(OH)2 and nickel(OH)3. The most important soluble nickel salts are acetate, chloride, nitrate and sulfate.

Solutions are usually colored green, and anhydrous salts are yellow or brownish-yellow. Insoluble salts include oxalate and phosphate (green), three sulfides:

nickelS (black)

Ni3S2 (yellowish bronze)

Ni3S4 (silver-white).

Ni also forms numerous coordination and complex compounds.

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) salts contain the hexaaquanickel(II) ion nickel(H2O)62+. When added to a solution containing these ions, ammonia solution Nickel(II) hydroxide, a green, gelatinous substance, precipitates. This precipitate dissolves when excess ammonia is added due to the formation of hexamminnickel(II) ions, nickel(NH3)62+.

Ni forms complexes with tetrahedral and planar square structures. For example, the tetrachloronicickelate (II) NiCl42− complex has a tetrahedral structure, and the tetracyanonickelate (II) nickel(CN)42− complex has a planar square structure.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis uses an alkaline solution of butanedione dioxime, also known as dimethylglyoxime, to detect nickel(II) ions. When it reacts with nickel(II) ions, the red coordination compound bis(butanedionedioximato)Ni(II) is formed. This chelate compound and butanedione dioximate ligand is bidentate.

Natural Ni consists of 5 stable isotopes, 58 nickel, 60 nickel, 61 nickel, 62 nickel is the most abundant (68.077% of natural abundance).

Being in nature

Ni is quite common in nature - its content in the earth's crust is about 0.01% (mass). In the earth's crust it is found only in bound form; iron meteorites contain native Ni (up to 8%). Its content in ultramafic rocks is approximately 200 times higher than in acidic rocks (1.2 kg/t and 8 g/t). In ultramafic rocks, the predominant amount of nickel is associated with olivines containing 0.13 - 0.41% nickel. It isomorphically replaces magnesium.

A small portion of nickel is present in the form of sulfides. Ni exhibits siderophilic and chalcophilic properties. With an increased content of sulfur in the magma, nickel sulfides appear along with copper, cobalt, iron and platinoids. In the hydrothermal process, together with cobalt, arsenic and gray and sometimes with bismuth, uranium and silver, Ni forms increased concentrations in the form of nickel arsenides and sulfides. Ni is commonly found in sulfide and arsenic-bearing copper-nickel ores.

Nickelin (red nickel pyrite, cupfernickel) nickel As.

Chloantite (white nickel pyrite) (Nickel, Co, Fe)As2

Garnierite (Mg, nickel)6(Si4O11)(OH)6 with H2O and other silicates.

Magnetic pyrite (Fe, nickel, Cu)S

Arsenic-nickel luster (gersdorffite) nickel As S,

Pentlandite (Fe, nickel)9S8

Much is already known about nickel in organisms. It has been established, for example, that its content in human blood changes with age, that in animals the amount of nickel in the body is increased, and finally, that there are some plants and microorganisms - “concentrators” of nickel, containing thousands and even hundreds of thousands of times more nickel than environment.

Receipt

The total reserves of nickel in ores at the beginning of 1998 are estimated at 135 million tons, including reliable reserves of 49 million tons. The main nickel ores are nickel (kupfernickel) nickel As, millerite nickel S, pentlandite (Fe nickel)9S8 - also contain arsenic, iron And sulfur; igneous pyrrhotite also contains pentlandite inclusions. Other ores from which nickel is also mined contain Co impurities, Cu, Fe and Mg. Sometimes Ni is the main product process refining, but more often it is obtained as a by-product product in technologies of other metals. Of the reliable reserves, according to various sources, from 40 to 66% of nickel is in oxidized nickel ores (OHN),

33% in sulfide. As of 1997, the share of nickel produced by OHP processing was about 40% of global production. In industrial conditions, OHP is divided into two types: magnesium and ferruginous.

Refractory magnesium ores, as a rule, are subjected to electric smelting using ferronickel (5-50% nickel + Co, depending on the composition of the raw material and technological features).

The most ferrous - laterite ores are processed by hydrometallurgical methods using ammonia-carbonate leaching or sulfuric acid autoclave leaching. Depending on the composition of the raw materials and the applied technological schemes, the final products of these technologies are: nickel oxide (76-90% nickel), sinter (89% nickel), sulfide concentrates of various compositions, as well as metallic Ni electrolyte, nickel powders and cobalt.

Less ferrous nontronite ores are smelted into matte. At full-cycle enterprises, the further processing scheme includes conversion, matte firing, and electric smelting of nickel oxide to produce metallic nickel. Along the way, the recovered cobalt is released in the form of metal and/or salts. Another source of nickel: in the coal ash of South Wales in Britain - up to 78 kg of nickel per ton. Increased content nickel in some coals, petroleum, shale indicates the possibility of nickel concentration in fossil organic matter. The reasons for this phenomenon have not yet been clarified.

“Ni could not be obtained in plastic form for a long time due to the fact that it always contains a small admixture of sulfur in the form of nickel sulfide, located in thin, fragile layers at the boundaries metal. Adding a small amount of magnesium to molten nickel converts the sulfur into the form of a compound with magnesium, which is released in the form of grains without affecting the plasticity metal».

The bulk of nickel is obtained from garnierite and magnetic pyrite.

Silicate ore is reduced with coal dust in rotary tube kilns to iron-nickel pellets (5-8% nickel), which are then cleaned of sulfur, calcined and treated with an ammonia solution. After acidifying the solution, metal is obtained from it electrolytically.

Carbonyl method (Mond method). First, copper-nickel matte is obtained from sulfide ore, over which cobalt is passed under high pressure. Highly volatile tetracarbonylnickel nickel(CO)4 is formed, and thermal decomposition produces a particularly pure metal.

Aluminothermic method for the recovery of nickel from oxide ore: 3NiO + 2Al = 3Ni +Al2O.

Application

Alloys

Ni is the basis of most super alloys - heat-resistant materials used in the aerospace industry for power plant parts.

monel metal (65 - 67% nickel + 30 - 32% Cu+ 1% Mn), heat resistant up to 500°C, very corrosion resistant;

white (585 contains 58.5% gold and an alloy (ligature) of silver and nickel (or palladium));

Nichrome, resistance alloy (60% nickel + 40% Cr);

Permalloy (76% nickel + 17% Fe + 5% Cu + 2% Cr), has high magnetic susceptibility with very low hysteresis losses;

Invar (65% Fe + 35% nickel), almost does not elongate when heated;

In addition, nickel alloys include nickel and chromium-nickel steels, nickel silver and various resistance alloys such as constantan, nickel and manganin.

Nickel pipes are used for the manufacture of capacitors in the production of hydrogen, for pumping alkalis into chemical production. Chemically resistant nickel instruments are widely used in medicine and scientific research. Ni is used for radar, television, remote control devices processes in nuclear engineering.

Chemical utensils, various apparatus, appliances, and boilers with high corrosion resistance and durability are made from pure nickel. physical properties, and from nickel materials - reservoirs and tanks for storing food products, chemical reagents, essential oils, for transporting alkalis, for melting caustic alkalis.

Based on pure nickel powders, porous filters are made for filtering gases, fuels and other products in the chemical industry. industry. Powdered Ni is also used in the production of nickel alloys and as a binder in the manufacture of hard and superhard materials.

The biological role of nickel is one of the microelements necessary for the normal development of living organisms. However, little is known about its role in living organisms. It is known that Ni takes part in enzymatic reactions in animals and plants. In animals, it accumulates in keratinized tissues, especially feathers. Increased nickel content in soils leads to endemic diseases - ugly forms appear in plants, and eye diseases in animals associated with the accumulation of nickel in the cornea. Toxic dose (for rats) - 50 mg. Volatile nickel compounds are especially harmful, in particular its tetracarbonyl nickel (CO)4. The maximum permissible concentration for nickel compounds in air ranges from 0.0002 to 0.001 mg/m3 (for various compounds).

Ni is the main cause of allergies (contact dermatitis) to metals that come into contact with the skin (jewelry, watches, denim rivets).

The European Union limits the nickel content in products that come into contact with human skin.

Nickel carbonite nickel (CO) is very poisonous. The maximum permissible concentration of its vapors in the air of industrial premises is 0.0005 mg/m3.

In the 20th century, it was found that the pancreas is very rich in nickel. When nickel is administered after insulin, the action of insulin is prolonged and thus hypoglycemic activity increases. Ni affects enzymatic processes, the oxidation of ascorbic acid, and accelerates the transition of sulfhydryl groups to disulfide groups. Ni may inhibit the action of adrenaline and lower blood pressure. Excessive intake of nickel into the body causes vitiligo. Ni is deposited in the pancreas and parathyroid glands.

Nickel plating

Nickel plating is the creation of a nickel coating on the surface of another metal to protect it from corrosion. It is carried out by electroplating using electrolytes containing nickel(II) sulfate, sodium chloride, boron hydroxide, surfactants and gloss agents, and soluble nickel anodes. The thickness of the resulting nickel layer is 12 - 36 microns. Stable surface gloss can be ensured by subsequent chrome plating (chrome layer thickness 0.3 microns).

Nickel plating without current is carried out in a solution of a mixture of nickel(II) chloride and a sodium hypophosphite mixture in the presence of sodium citrate:

NiCl2 + NaH2PO2 + H2O = nickel + NaH2PO3 + 2HCl

the process is carried out at pH 4 - 6 and 95°C

The most common are electrolytic and chemical nickel plating. More often, nickel plating (the so-called matte) is done electrolytically. The most studied and stable in work sulfuric acid electrolytes. When brightening agents are added to the electrolyte, so-called bright nickel plating is carried out. Electrolytic coatings have some porosity, which depends on the thorough preparation of the substrate surface and the thickness of the coating. To protect against corrosion, a complete absence of pores is necessary, so a multilayer coating is applied, which, with equal thickness, is more reliable than a single layer (for example, steel item of trade often plated according to the Cu - Nickel - Cr scheme).

The disadvantages of electrolytic nickel plating are the uneven deposition of nickel on a relief surface and the impossibility of coating narrow and deep holes, cavities, etc. Chemical nickel plating is somewhat more expensive than electrolytic plating, but it provides the possibility of applying a coating of uniform thickness and quality on any areas of the relief surface, provided the solution has access to them. The process is based on the reduction reaction of nickel ions from its salts using a sodium hypophosphite mixture (or other reducing agents) in aqueous solutions.

Nickel plating is used, for example, to coat parts of chemical equipment, cars, bicycles, medical instruments, and devices.

Ni is also used to produce winding strings for musical instruments.

Coinage

Ni is widely used in coin production in many countries. In the United States, the 5-cent coin is colloquially known as "Ni"

Ni has been a component of coins since the mid-19th century. In the United States, the term "Ni" or "nickel" was originally applied to the cuprum coins (flying eagle), which replaced the cuprum with 12% nickel in 1857-58.

Still later in 1865, the term assigned to three percent nickel increased by 25%. In 1866 five percent nickel (25% nickel, 75% cuprum). Along with proportion alloy, this term has been used currently in the United States. Near-pure nickel coins were first used in 1881 in Switzerland, and notably more than 99.9% Ni of five-cent coins were minted in Canada (the largest nickel producer in the world at the time).

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Sources

Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, WikiPedia

hyperon-perm.ru - Production Hyperon

cniga.com.ua - Book portal

chem100.ru - Chemist's Directory

bse.sci-lib.com - The meaning of words in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia

chemistry.narod.ru - World of Chemistry

dic.academic.ru - Dictionaries and encyclopedias

Investor Encyclopedia. 2013 .

Synonyms:

• Nicaragua

See what "Nickel" is in other dictionaries:

NICKEL- (symbol Ni), a metal with an atomic weight of 58.69, serial number 28, belongs, together with cobalt and iron, to group VIII and row 4 of the periodic system of Mendeleev. Ud. V. 8.8, melting point 1,452°. In their usual connections N.... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

NICKEL- (symbol Ni), a silvery-white metal, TRANSITION ELEMENT, discovered in 1751. Its main ores are nickel sulfide iron ores (pentlandite) and nickel arsenide (nickel). Nickel has a complex purification process, including differentiated decomposition... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

NICKEL- (German Nickel). The metal is silver-white in color and is not found in its pure form. Recently it has been used for making tableware and kitchenware. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. NICKEL German. Nickel... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Nickel- is a relatively hard grayish-white metal with a melting point of 1453 degrees. C. It is ferromagnetic, characterized by malleability, ductility, strength, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Nickel is mainly... Official terminology

nickel- I, m. nickel m. , German Nickel. 1. Silver-white refractory metal. BAS 1. Nickel, a harmful companion of silver ores, got its name from the name of an evil gnome who allegedly lived in the Saxon mines. Fersman Zanim. geochemistry. 2. Top layer of... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

NICKEL- (lat. Niccolum) Ni, chemical element Group VIII of the periodic table, atomic number 28, atomic mass 58.69. The name is from the German Nickel, the name of an evil spirit that allegedly interfered with the miners. Silver-white metal; density 8.90 g/cm³, melting point 1455… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

NICKEL- NICKEL, nickel, husband. (German Nickel). Silver-white refractory metal, used. for making tools, utensils, etc. (After the name of a mountain deity in Scandinavian mythology.) Dictionary Ushakova. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

(coordination numbers are indicated in parentheses) Ni 2+ 0.069 nm (4), 0.077 nm (5), 0.083 nm (6).

The average nickel content in the earth's crust is 8-10 -3% by mass, in ocean water 0.002 mg/l. Known approx. 50 nickel minerals, the most important of which are: pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8, millerite NiS, garnierite (Ni, Mg) 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 10. 4H 2 O, revdinskite (non-puite) (Ni, Mg) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4, nickel NiAs, annabergite Ni 3 (AsO 4) 2 8H 2 O. Nickel is mainly mined from sulfide copper-nickel ores (Canada, Australia, South Africa) and from silicate-oxidized ores (New Caledonia, Cuba, Philippines, Indonesia, etc.). World onshore nickel reserves are estimated at 70 million tons.

Properties. Nickel is a silvery-white metal. Crystallic. face-centered lattice cubic, a = 0.35238 nm, z = 4, space. group RT3t. T. pl. 1455 °C. t. bale 2900 °C; raft 8.90 g/cm3; C 0 p 26.l J/(mol K); DH 0 pl 17.5 kJ/mol, DH 0 isp 370 kJ/mol; S 0 298 29.9 JDmol K); level of temperature dependence of vapor pressure for solid nickel lgp(hPa) = 13.369-23013/T+0.520lgT+0.395T (298-1728K), for liquid lgp(hPa)=11.742-20830/T+ 0.618 lgT (1728-3170 K); temperature coefficient linear expansion 13.5. 10 -6 K -1 (273-373 K); thermal conductivity 94.1 W/(m x x K) at 273 K, 90.9 W/(m K) at 298 K; g 1.74 N/m (1520 °C); r 7.5 10 -8 Ohm m, temperature coefficient. r 6.75. 10 -3 K -1 (298-398 K); ferromagnet, Curie point 631 K. Elastic modulus 196-210 GPa; s growth 280-720 MPa; relates elongation 40-50%; Brinell hardness (annealed) 700-1000 MPa. Pure nickel is a very ductile metal, can be processed well in cold and hot conditions, can be rolled, drawn, and forged.

N nickel is chemically inactive, but is a fine powder obtained by the reduction of nickel compounds with hydrogen at low t-rah, pyrophoric. Standard electrode potential Ni 0 /Ni 2+ - 0.23 V. At regular fucks Nickel in air is covered with a thin protective film of nickel oxide. Not interaction. with water and air moisture. When heated Nickel oxidation from the surface begins at ~ 800 °C. Nickel reacts very slowly with hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, and hydrofluoric acids. Vinegar and other org. have virtually no effect on it. to-you, especially in the absence of air. Reacts well with dil. HNO3, conc. HNO 3 is passivated. Solutions and melts of alkalis and alkali metal carbonates, as well as liquid NH 3, do not affect nickel. Water solutions NH 3 present air correlate nickel.

N ickel in a dispersed state has great catalytic properties. activity in areas of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, isomerization, condensation. They use either skeletal nickel (Raney nickel), obtained by alloying with Al or Si with the last. leaching with alkali, or nickel on a carrier.

N ickel absorbs H2 and forms with it solid solutions. NiH 2 hydrides (stable below 0°C) and the more stable NiH were obtained indirectly. Nitrogen is almost not absorbed by nickel up to 1400 °C, the pH value of N 2 in the metal is 0.07% at 450 °C. Compact nickel does not react with NH 3; dispersed nickel forms Ni 3 N nitride with it at 300-450 °C.

Molten nickel dissolves C to form carbide Ni 3 C, which decomposes during crystallization of the melt, releasing graphite; Ni 3 C in the form of a gray-black powder (decomposes at ~ 450 ° C) is obtained by carburizing nickel in a CO atmosphere at 250-400 ° C. Dispersed nickel with CO gives volatile nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO) 4 . When alloyed with Si, it forms silica; Ni 5 Si 2, Ni 2 Si and NiSi melt congruently, respectively. at 1282, 1318 and 992 °C, Ni 3 Si and NiSi 2 - incongruent, respectively. at 1165 and 1125°C, Ni 3 Si 2 decomposes without melting at 845°C. When fused with B it gives borides: Ni 3 B (mp 1175°C), Ni 2 B (1240°C), Ni 3 B 2 (1163°C), Ni 4 B 3 (1580 °C), NiB 12 (2320 °C), NiB (decomposes at 1600 °C). With Se vapor, nickel forms selenides: NiSe (mp 980 °C), Ni 3 Se 2 and NiSe 2 (decompose at 800 and 850 ° C, respectively), Ni 6 Se 5 and Ni 21 Se 20 (exist only in the solid state). When nickel is alloyed with Te, tellurides are obtained: NiTe and NiTe 2 (apparently a wide region of solid solutions is formed between them), etc.

Arsenate Ni 3 (AsO 4) 2. 8H2O-green crystals; pH value in water 0.022%; to-tami decomposes; above 200 °C it dehydrates, at ~ 1000 °C it decomposes; catalyst for producing solid soap.

Silicate Ni 2 SiO 4 - light green crystals with a rhombic pattern. grate; dense 4.85 g/cm3; decomposes without melting at 1545°C; insoluble in water; miner K-tami slowly decomposes when heated. Aluminate NiAl 2 O 4 (nickel spinel) - blue crystals with cubic. grate; m.p. 2110°C; dense 4.50 g/cm3; not sol. in water ; slowly decomposes to-tami; hydrogenation catalyst.

The most important complex connections. nickel-a m m i n s. Naib. Characteristic are hexaammines and aquatetrammines with cations, respectively. 2+ and 2+. These are blue or violet crystals. in-va, usually sol. in water, in solutions of a bright blue color; when boiling solutions and when action decompose; are formed in solutions during ammonia processing of nickel and cobalt ores.

In the Ni(III) and Ni(IV) complexes, the coordination the number of nickel is 6. Examples are violet K 3 and red K 2, formed by the action of F 2 on a mixture of NiCl 2 and KCl; strong oxidizing agents. Of other types, salts of hetero-polyacids are known, for example. (NH 4) 6 H 7. 5H 2 O, big number intra-complex connections Ni(II). See also Organo-nickel compounds.

Receipt. The ores are processed by pyro- and hydro-steel-lurgic. way. For silicate-oxidized ores (cannot be enriched), either reducer is used. smelting to produce ferronickel, which is then subjected to purging in a converter for the purpose of refining and enrichment, or smelting for matte with sulfur-containing additives (FeS 2 or CaSO 4). The resulting matte is blown in a converter to remove Fe, and then crushed and fired to reduce NiO from the resulting material. Metallic nickel is obtained by smelting. Nickel concentrates obtained from the beneficiation of sulfide ores are smelted into matte with the last. purging in the converter. From the copper-nickel matte, after its slow cooling by flotation, Ni 3 S 2 concentrate is isolated, which, similar to mattes from oxidized ores, is fired and reduced.

One of the ways of hydroprocessing of oxidized ores is the reduction of ore with generator gas or a mixture of H 2 and N 2 with subsequent. leaching with NH 3 and CO 2 solution with air blowing. The solution is purified from Co with ammonium sulfide. During the decomposition of the solution with the distillation of NH 3, nickel hydroxocarbonate is precipitated, which is either calcined and reduced from the resulting NiO. Nickel is obtained by smelting, or by re-dissolving. in the NH 3 solution and after distilling NH 3 from the pulp, nickel is obtained by reducing H 2. Dr. way - leaching of oxidized ore with sulfuric acid in an autoclave. From the resulting solution, after its purification and neutralization, nickel is precipitated with hydrogen sulfide under pressure and the resulting NiS concentrate is processed like matte.

Hydroprocessing of nickel sulfide materials (concentrates, mattes) is reduced to autoclaved oxidation. leaching with either NH 3 solutions (at low Co content) or H 2 SO 4. From ammonia solutions after separation of CuS, nickel is precipitated with hydrogen under pressure. For Ni separation,Extraction of Co and Cu from ammonia solutions is also used. methods using, first of all, chelating extractants.

Autoclave oxidation leaching to produce sulfate solutions is used both for enriched materials (mattes) with the transfer of nickel and other metals into the solution, and for poor pyrrhotium Fe 7 S 8 concentrates. In the latter case, the predominant is oxidized. pyrrhotite, which makes it possible to isolate elemental S and sulfide concentrate, which is further smelted into nickel matte.