common name a number of peace treaties concluded in Utrecht in 1713: Franco-English, Franco-Dutch, Franco-Prussian, etc. Completed, along with the Peace of Rastatt in 1714, the war for the Spanish Succession.
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UTRECHTSKY WORLD
common name a number of bilateral peace treaties signed in 1713-15 in Utrecht (Netherlands) between France and Spain, on the one hand, and all their opponents in the War of the Spanish Succession, on the other (with the exception of the emperor and princes of the "Holy Roman Empire", with which the Rastatt Peace Treaty of 1714 and the Treaty of Baden of 1714 were concluded). The signing of U. m. was preceded by the conclusion of the Anglo-French. preliminary agreements (October 1711) and long diplomatic. negotiations at the opening in Jan. 1712 Utrecht Congress. In English-French agreement (April 11, 1713) England received from France a number of possessions in the North. America: lands around Hudson Bay., Fr. Newfoundland, Acadia (but the issue of boundaries was vaguely worded, leaving room for conflict); France recognized the Hanoverian dynasty in English. throne, refused to support the deposed Stuarts and pledged to tear down the fortifications of Dunkirk. For Philip V of Bourbon, the right to Spain and its overseas possessions was recognized, but subject to his renunciation (for himself and his heirs) of any rights to the French. crown. Franco-gall. contract (April 11, 1713; mostly commercial), Holland received only the right to keep in the former Spanish. the Netherlands garrisons to defend against France; because Isp. The Netherlands were transferred to Austria, between Austria, Holland and England a special "Barrier Treaty" of 1715 was signed. part Top. Gelderna, terr. Kessel, Krickenbeck (in the Spanish Netherlands), recognized Neuchâtel as Prussian (Prussia renounced its claims to the Principality of Orange). By a special article, France recognized the title of "King of Prussia" for the Elector of Brandenburg. According to the Franco-Savoy Treaty (April 11, 1713) and the Spanish-Savoy Treaty (July 13, 1713), Sicily passed from Spain to Savoy (the Duke of Savoy received the title of King of Sicily), Monferrato, part of the Duchy of Milan. According to Franco-Portuguese. the agreement (April 11, 1713) established the border between Franz. Guiana and Portuguese. Brazil (along the Oyapok River; thus, the Portuguese expansion on the north coast of the Amazon River was recognized). Spanish-English agreement (July 13, 1713) from Spain to England passed (captured by England during the war) Gibraltar and Mahon - an important port on about. Menorca; England received special rights in trade with the Spanish. colonies, incl. right asiento (the treatise on asiento was approved, signed on March 26, 1713 in Madrid). Spanish-Gol. agreement (June 26, 1714; trade) and Spanish-Portuguese. treaty (February 6, 1715; handed over to Portugal Sacramento in South America, captured during the war by Spain). U. m., from which England benefited the most, was an important step towards the approval of its bargaining. and colonial domination (the next stage was the Seven Years' War of 1756-63, which ended with the Paris Peace Treaty of 1763). Publication: Du Mont M., Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gents..., t. 8, Amst., 1731; El Congresso de Utrecht. Por A. Danvila y Burynero, 4th ed., v. 1-2, Madrid, 1946; Actes, m?moires et autres pi?ces authentiques, concernant la Paix d'Utrecht, t. 1-6, Utrecht, 1712-15. Lit.: Weber O., Der Friede von Utrecht. Verhandlungen zwischen England, Frankreich, dem Kaiser und den Generalstaaten 1710-1713, Gotha, 1891. See also lit. at Art. Spanish heritage.
No matter what events have taken place in the world for many centuries. These were both international joys and global tragedies. And each of the events has its key significance, because no one knows how the world would have turned if something specific had not happened at all. World history knows a lot of wars, strife and subsequent peace negotiations and alliances. For example, the Peace of Torun in 1466, Westphalia - 1648, Andrianopol - 1713, Paris - 1814, San Stefano - 1878, Portsmouth - 1905, Paris - 1947 and many others. The Peace of Utrecht is a peace treaty that put an end to the war that took place over the inheritance of Spain. The agreements were signed in Utrecht in the Netherlands in April-June 1713. The parties participating in the signing were, on the one hand, France and Spain, and on the other hand, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, the Roman Empire, Portugal and Savoy. March 1714 went down in history with the addition of the Peace of Utrecht with the Rastatt Treaty, and September 1714 with the Treaty of Baden.
Spanish legacy
For almost thirteen years, from 1701 to 1714, one of the largest European conflicts took place - the War of the Spanish Succession. It began in 1701, after the death of Charles II, the last Spanish king who belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. According to the will of the king, Philip, who was the grandson of french king Louis XIV. Philip eventually became known as Philip V of Spain.
The beginning of the war
It all starts with the attempts of Leopold I, who was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to defend the right of the Habsburg dynasty (his own dynasty) to the possessions of Spain. Louis XIV in turn, an aggressive policy to expand their territories began to be pursued. England and the Dutch Republic supported the side of Leopold I and wished to prevent the strengthening of the French positions. It is noteworthy that hostilities spread not only in Europe, but also raided North America, where they received the name "Queen Anne's war." The Peace of Utrecht helped bring the world back to its former relative equilibrium.
Chronology
The Peace of Utrecht of 1713 is a set of several peace agreements which, together with the Peace of Rastatt of 1714, ended the War of the Spanish Succession. The dates of the signing of the agreements in history are as follows:
- April 11, 1713 - France and England, the Dutch Republic, Prussia, Savoy, Portugal.
- July 13, 1713 - Spain and England, Spain and Savoy.
- June 26, 1714 - Spain and the Dutch Republic.
- February 6, 1715 - Spain and Portugal.
First stages of negotiations
The significance of the Peace of Utrecht was great, as it finally resolved a conflict that had lasted over a decade. In 1711, in England, ministries began to wield power - supporters of the Tories who wanted peace. They began the first secret negotiations regarding the end of hostilities. France experienced a decline in strength due to military defeats and also wanted peace. One of the reasons why England began to seek peace is that disagreements began to arise with the members of the alliance (that is, Austria and Holland) regarding the increase in the costs of the war. The British began to really fear that the Spanish and Austrian possessions would unite. The British allies initially protested against the negotiation process with France, but eventually agreed.
Negotiation process
The formation of the Peace of Utrecht began on January 29, 1712. A confrontation began - three delegates from France and seventy diplomats from the other side, hostile. Several people from the British side were intermediaries whose goal was to undermine the unity of the opposing French side, which played an important role in the Peace of Utrecht and its international significance. There were no such French opponents who would not demand her border fortifications and territories.
Secret events
In parallel with the main negotiation process, in fact, there was also a secret one between France and England. And in July 1712 they concluded a truce that confused the maps of all of Europe. At that moment, the achievement of the Utrecht peace became illusory for everyone. The union of France and England helped the first country put forward its proposals in negotiations with other participants in the conflict. Agreements were signed Spain - England and Spain - Savoy. In the end, what is the Peace of Utrecht? What were the conditions of his imprisonment? It became the most profitable for England, which was able to take advantage of the situation and create a position for itself to strengthen its influence in the trading markets of that time - it got the Strait of Gibraltar. France, in turn, removed the fortifications at Dunkirk. Holland received some trade benefits, as well as the right to station several garrisons on the French border. Another significance of the Peace of Utrecht was the accession of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain and the preservation of the American and Philippine colonies by them. Austrian achievements were as follows - the country began to own the Neapolitan state, Sardinia, part of Tuscany, the Duchy of Milan and the Spanish part of the Netherlands. In addition, Mantua went to Austria. Savoy also began to possess the Kingdom of Sicily, the Margraviate of Monferrati, the western part of the Duchy of Milan. This is how the struggle for the succession of Spain ended. The peace of Utrecht, together with the peace in Rastatt, established the following picture of the world of that time - the huge Spanish monarchy was divided, and on the basis of this the foundation was laid for further development state borders Western Europe 18th century.
UTRECHTSKY WORLD
ending the War of the Spanish Succession? It was concluded on April 11, 1713. Negotiations began as early as February 1712 and continued for a whole year. The treaty took place, on the one hand, between France and Spain, on the other? England, the United Provinces, Prussia and Savoy. On April 14, Portugal signed the treaty. Did treatises between England and Spain serve as additions to the treaty? July 13, 1713, between Spain and Savoy? Aug 13 1713, between Spain and Holland? June 26, 1714, between Spain and Portugal? Feb 6 1715 U. treaty restored peace in Europe and resolved (together with the Treaty of Rastad) the question of succession in Spain. Austria did not take part in the negotiations. According to the peace treaty, England received Gibraltar and Port Mahon from Philip V, who was recognized as the legitimate king of Spain and India and renounced his rights to the French throne. From France, she got transatlantic possessions in Nova Scotia (Acadia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay). Louis XIV undertook to tear down the fortifications of Dunkirchen. In addition, England concluded an advantageous treaty with Spain, which granted her the exclusive right to sell 5,000 Negroes in Spanish India. Holland, in addition to some relief in trade relations, received a number of Belgian fortresses? Menin, Ipern, Tournai. Savoy with Piedmont and Sicily was declared a kingdom. In the power of the Duke of Savoy, the possessions given to him under the Treaty of Turin were left. His dynasty was recognized as having the right to the Spanish throne in the event of the suppression of the family of Philip V. Prussia received Geldern. Wed Giraud, "Le trait e d" Utrecht" (1846); Weber, "Der Friede von Utrecht".
Brockhaus and Efron. Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is UTRECHT WORLD in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- UTRECHTSKY WORLD
ending the War of the Spanish Succession - concluded on 11 April. 1713 Negotiations began in February 1712 and ... - UTRECHTSKY WORLD in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
1713, the common name for a number of peace treaties concluded in Utrecht (French-English, Franco-Dutch, Franco-Prussian, etc.), which were completed (along with the Rastatt ... - WORLD in the Galactic Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Literature:
I want you to know: there are reflections and substances, this is how the world works. Amber, the Earth and all things are created from the substance... - WORLD in the One-volume large legal dictionary:
- the name of a rural, as well as urban (posad) community in Russia in the 13th - early 20th centuries. members of the m. gathered ... - WORLD in the Big Law Dictionary:
- the name of a rural, as well as urban (posad) community in Russia in the 13th - early 20th centuries. Members of M. gathered for ... - WORLD in the directory Settlements and postal codes of Russia:
641132, Kurgan, ... - WORLD in the Dictionary of Yoga:
(Peace) See Peace of Mind; Shanti... - WORLD in the Concise Church Slavonic Dictionary:
- silence, … - WORLD in the Dictionary Index of Theosophical Concepts to the Secret Doctrine, Theosophical Dictionary:
(World). As a prefix to mountains, trees, and so on, it signifies a world belief. Thus, the "World Mountain" of the Hindus was Meru. How … - WORLD in the Bible Dictionary:
- since in Russian this word denotes two different concepts: a) peace, harmony, well-being; and b) society of people, character ... - WORLD
publishing house, Moscow. Created in 1964 after the reorganization of the Publishing House of Foreign Literature (founded in 1946) and the Publishing House of Literature on foreign languages(based … - WORLD V encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
(??????, mundus, Welt) in the proper philosophical sense - a coherent totality of multiple being, in contrast to a single beginning of being (hence the opposition: ... - WORLD in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
1, -z., pl. -s, -ov, m. 1. The totality of all forms of matter in terrestrial and outer space, the Universe. The origin of the world. 2. Separate area… - Utrechtian
UTREKHT UNIVERSITY, Netherlands, osn. in 1636. In the end. 90s St. 23 thousand ... - Utrechtian in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WORLD OF UTRECHTSKY 1713, common name. a number of peace treaties concluded in Utrecht (French-English, Franco-Dutch, Franco-Prussian, etc.), which were completed (along with ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SEID ALI, miniature painter of the 16th century. Represent. the Tabriz school of miniatures (ill. to "Khamsa" by Nizami, 1539-43); one of the founders of the Mughal school of miniature... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WORLD OF RUSSIA", quarterly scientific and publicistic. magazine, 1992, Moscow. Dedicated to the analysis of changes in Russia. society, the role of nat., watered. and religious tradition, history... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WORLD OF TRAVEL", popular science magazine, since 1991, Moscow. Founders (1998) - LLP "Journal" World of Travel "", Akts. Society "Sputnik", etc. 6 ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WORLD MUSEUM", ist., art. magazine, since 1930 (founded as "Soviet Museum", did not come out in 1940-82, since 1991 it has a modern name). Founder ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WORLD OF ART", ros. thin association (1898-1924), created. in St. Petersburg A.N. Benois and S.P. Diaghilev. Putting forward the slogans of "pure" art and "transformation" ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WOMAN'S WORLD", monthly. social-polit. and lit.-thin. magazine, since 1945 (originally as "Soviet woman", since 1992 modern name). Founders (1998) - ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
JALAL (real name and surname Mir Jalal Ali oglu Pashayev) (1908-78), Azerbaijani. writer and literary critic. East rum. "Resurrected Man" (1935), ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"PEACE OF GOD", monthly. lit., polit. and scientific-popular magazine, 1892 - Aug. 1906 (from Oct. 1906 to Jan. 1918 published under ... - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"WORLD", orbital station for flight in low Earth orbit. It was created in the USSR on the basis of the design of the Salyut station, launched into orbit on 20/2/1986. … - WORLD in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"MIR", publishing house, Moscow. Created in 1964, after the reorganization of the Izd. literature (founded in 1946) and Publishing house of literature in foreign. languages... - WORLD in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I-a, only units. , m. 1) Consent, absence of disagreements, enmity or quarrels. Live in peace with everyone. [Job:] Ruler... - WORLD
light, universe, space, earth, globe of the earth; sublunar, sunflower, heavenly; vale (= valley) of the earth, vale of sorrow and lamentation. "What's on... - WORLD in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
peace; truce. Prot. . See friendship, harmony, peace, silence || to conclude … - WORLD in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
world, -a, pl. -`s, -`ov; but: M'ir avenue, M'ir square (in some ... - WORLD full spelling dictionary Russian language:
world, -a, pl. -s, -ov; but: Mira Avenue, Peace Square (in some ... - WORLD in the Spelling Dictionary:
world, -a, pl. -`s, -`ov; but: avenue of the world, square of the world (in some ... - WORLD in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
2 agreement of the belligerents to end the war Conclude m. peace 2 consent, absence of enmity, quarrels, wars Live in peace. IN … - WORLD in Dahl's Dictionary:
(peace) husband. Universe; substance in space and force in time (Khomyakov). | One of the lands of the universe; esp. | our land... - WORLD
peace, pl. no, m. 1. Friendly consonant relations between someone, the absence of disagreements, enmity or quarrels. Live in peace with someone. … - WORLD in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
peace, pl. worlds, m. 1. only units. the universe in its totality; the system of the universe as a whole. Theories about the origin of the world. Myth... - WORLD in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I m. 1. The Universe in its entirety; the system of the universe as a whole. 2. A separate part of the Universe; planet. 3. Earth, Earth … - FRIEDRICH OF UTRECHTH
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Friedrich of Utrecht, (c. 780 - 838), bishop, holy martyr. Commemorated July 18th. … - Willibrord of Utrecht in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Willibrord (658 - 738 / 739), the first archbishop of Utrecht, saint. … - Ansfried of Utrecht in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Ansfried (940 - 1010), Bishop of Utrecht, hierarch. Commemorated May 3 (Netherlands). Ansfried (Ansfried ... - Utrecht University in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Netherlands, founded in 1636. At the beginning. 90s OK. 23 thousand ... - Utrecht peace 1713 in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
the general name of a number of peace treaties concluded in Utrecht (French-English, Franco-Dutch, Franco-Prussian, etc.), which were completed (along with the Rastatt Peace of 1714) ... - Utrecht University
University (Rijks-universiteit te Utrecht), one of the oldest and largest universities in the Netherlands. Founded in 1636, in 1815 received the status of a royal university, ... - Utrecht peace 1713 in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
Peace of 1713, the common name for a series of bilateral peace treaties that ended (along with the Peace of Rastatt in 1714) the War of the Spanish Succession. … - NETHERLANDS in the Directory of Countries of the World:
KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS A state in the north-west of Europe, often called Holland. In the east it borders with Germany, in the south - with Belgium. On the … - KUNERA RENENSKAYA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Kunera of Rennes (+ c. 337/451/454), martyr, virgin. Memory 12... - ADRIAN VI OF ROME in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Adrian VI (Dedel-Florence of Utrecht) (1459 - 1523), Pope of Rome. In the world of Adrian Dedel-Florence... - in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Chronology of the Centuries: IX X XI 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 ...
World history knows a lot of wars, strife and subsequent peace negotiations and alliances. For example, the Peace of Torun in 1466, Westphalia - 1648, Andrianopol - 1713, Paris - 1814, San Stefano - 1878, Portsmouth - 1905, Paris - 1947 and many others. The Peace of Utrecht is a peace treaty that put an end to the war that took place over the inheritance of Spain. The agreements were signed in Utrecht in the Netherlands in April-June 1713. The parties participating in the signing were, on the one hand, France and Spain, and on the other hand, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, the Roman Empire, Portugal and Savoy. March 1714 went down in history with the addition of the Peace of Utrecht with the Rastatt Treaty, and September 1714 with the Treaty of Baden.
For almost thirteen years, from 1701 to 1714, one of the largest European conflicts took place - the War of the Spanish Succession. It began in 1701, after the death of Charles II, the last Spanish king who belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. According to the will of the king, Philip, Duke of Anjou, who was the grandson of the French king Louis XIV, was endowed with power. Philip eventually became known as Philip V of Spain.
It all starts with the attempts of Leopold I, who was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to defend the right of the Habsburg dynasty (his own dynasty) to the possessions of Spain. Louis XIV, in turn, began to pursue an aggressive policy to expand his territories. England and the Dutch Republic supported the side of Leopold I and wished to prevent the strengthening of the French positions. It is noteworthy that hostilities spread not only in Europe, but also raided North America, where they received the name "Queen Anne's war." The Peace of Utrecht helped bring the world back to its former relative equilibrium.
The Peace of Utrecht of 1713 is a set of several peace agreements which, together with the Peace of Rastatt of 1714, ended the War of the Spanish Succession. The dates of the signing of the agreements in history are as follows:
- April 11, 1713 - France and England, the Dutch Republic, Prussia, Savoy, Portugal.
- July 13, 1713 - Spain and England, Spain and Savoy.
- June 26, 1714 - Spain and the Dutch Republic.
- February 6, 1715 - Spain and Portugal.
The significance of the Peace of Utrecht was great, as it finally resolved a conflict that had lasted over a decade. In 1711, in England, ministries began to wield power - supporters of the Tories who wanted peace. They began the first secret negotiations regarding the end of hostilities. France experienced a decline in strength due to military defeats and also wanted peace. One of the reasons why England began to seek peace is that disagreements began to arise with the members of the alliance (that is, Austria and Holland) regarding the increase in the costs of the war. The British began to really fear that the Spanish and Austrian possessions would unite. The British allies initially protested against the negotiation process with France, but eventually agreed.
The formation of the Peace of Utrecht began on January 29, 1712. A confrontation began - three delegates from France and seventy diplomats from the other side, hostile. Several people from the British side were intermediaries whose goal was to undermine the unity of the opposing French side, which played an important role in the Peace of Utrecht and its international significance. There were no such French opponents who would not demand her border fortifications and territories.
Secret events
In parallel with the main negotiation process, in fact, there was also a secret one between France and England. And in July 1712 they concluded a truce that confused the maps of all of Europe. At that moment, the achievement of the Utrecht peace became illusory for everyone. The union of France and England helped the first country put forward its proposals in negotiations with other participants in the conflict. Agreements were signed Spain - England and Spain - Savoy. In the end, what is the Peace of Utrecht? What were the conditions of his imprisonment? It became the most profitable for England, which was able to take advantage of the situation and create a position for itself to strengthen its influence in the trading markets of that time - it got the Strait of Gibraltar. France, in turn, removed the fortifications at Dunkirk. Holland received some trade benefits, as well as the right to station several garrisons on the French border. Another significance of the Peace of Utrecht was the accession of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain and the preservation of the American and Philippine colonies by them. Austrian achievements were as follows - the country began to own the Neapolitan state, Sardinia, part of Tuscany, the Duchy of Milan and the Spanish part of the Netherlands. In addition, Mantua went to Austria. Savoy also began to possess the Kingdom of Sicily, the Margraviate of Monferrati, the western part of the Duchy of Milan. This is how the struggle for the succession of Spain ended. The peace of Utrecht, together with the peace in Rastatt, established the following picture of the world of that time - the huge Spanish monarchy was divided, and on the basis of this the foundation was laid for the further development of the borders of the states of Western Europe in the 18th century.
