4) To the Oranienbaum Palace-Museum, Leningrad Region:
De Witt - Courtyard of Ekaterina Mikhailovna Mecklenburg-Strelitzskaya
In what condition are the graves at the Trinity Cemetery:
Yakov Pavlovich De Witte (1839, St. Petersburg - 1894, Oranienbaum)
Elena Nikolaevna Yosipova (= Iosipova, = Iosifova) (- Oranienbaum)
clarification of dates of life and death according to monuments and act records in pre-revolutionary registers of births
Florence(...- 1297) - county family, originating from Aveny, France
Jacob Eduard De Witte(- 1749, Holland) - major general of the Dutch service, commandant of the Kreviker fortress, or Crèvecoeur, literally "heartbreak" ) in vil. Bouvignes, a feudal castle around Dinant , Belgium. His portrait (oil paints) was in the village. Ivanovsky, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province, the estate of his great-great-granddaughters (Chulkov, 1915) Yulia Antonovna and Evgenia Antonovna Gertsyk.
Yakov Yakovlevich de Witte (11/15/1739, Herzogenbusch, Holland - 05/24/1809, Petrograd, Smolensk Evangelical Treasure.) - military engineer of the Dutch service 1760-1772. Russian nobleman, prominent military engineer-general in the reign of Paul I and Alexander I, member of the Department of Water Communications, full general , an excellent connoisseur of European languages, the owner of a rich library. Prior to coming to Russia, Yakov Peter Eduard de Witt served as director of hydraulic works in Holland. He was invited to Russia in 1783. Catherine II, where he came with his one-year-old son and wife, Elisabeth Gertrude d Overbeck, daughter of the crew master of the Dutch Asian settlements. November 9, 1783 he was enlisted in the rank of engineer-major of the Corps of Engineers with a salary of 1200 rubles. For a quarter of a century he was engaged in Russian rivers, dams, floods in Moscow, Volkhov on the river. Mste, built a harbor in Revel, locks in Riga, Mitava, Novgorod. It was Yakov Peter Eduard de Witt who connected the Dvina and Dnieper rivers, built trading harbors on Lake Ladoga. Under his leadership, a new stage in the construction of roads in Russia began. In addition to naval and engineering, Jacob de Witte knew European languages, was a specialist in architecture. His house was famous not for lordly luxury, but for a rich library, a collection of prints and a collection of guitars. December 3, 1799 he receives the title full general, or general-anshef, according to the department of water communications. Jacob Peter Eduard de Witte, holder of the orders of St. Alexander Nevsky (1807, diamonds for him in 1808), St. Anna 1st degree (February 8, 1799), St. Vladimir 3rd degree (December 12, 1791) and St. John of Jerusalem Grand Cross accepted into Russian citizenship and madeёn in P lists Russian nobility December 9, 1806.. AND il with his extended family inSt. Petersburg, in house 28 on the street. Big Marine.
Jacob Peter Eduard de Witte, having left four children in Holland with his first wife, in Russia he became the father of 10 more children: Peter, who was born in Holland, was followed by Maria, Alexander, Ivan, Charlotte, Pavel, Amalia ... Passing away on May 24, 1809, Yakov Yakovlevich de Witte left 29,000 guilders to the children. Buried in St. Petersburg at the Smolensk Evangelical Cemetery. His portrait (oil paints) was also in the name of his great-granddaughters in the female line Yu.A. and E.A. Gertsyk, Ivanovsky village, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province.
Pavel Yakovlevich De Witt(06/29/1796, Riga - 08/17/1864, Oranienbaum) - infantry general, commander of the Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment; was born to a Dutch-born family Yakov Yakovlevich de Witte, a military engineer who entered the Russian service in 1783. He began his military service as a lieutenant of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment on January 17, 1811, Member of the Patriotic War of 1812. , foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814. , Russian-Turkish war (1828-1829), suppression of the Polish uprising of 1831. On August 22, 1831 he was promoted to Major General, De Witte on October 24 of the same year was appointed commander of the Life Guards of the Lithuanian Regiment and held this position for ten years, until September 22, 1841, from 1836 simultaneously commanding 5- th infantry guards brigade, and in 1840 - temporarily and the 3rd Guards Infantry Division. On September 22, 1841, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Infantry Division, leaving the Life Guards of the Lithuanian Regiment in the lists; On April 11, 1843, he was promoted to lieutenant general with approval as division chief, and in 1847 he was transferred to the post of chief of the 1st Grenadier Division. In 1855, de Witte was appointed commander of the 3rd Guards Reserve Infantry Division and a temporary member of the Committee on the drafting of a military infantry service charter; since 1856 member of the General AuditoriumMinistry of War, from March 10, 1862 - general from infantry . During the celebration in 1863 of the 50th anniversary of the battle of Kulm, he was invited by Alexander II to a reception in Tsarskoye Selo among all the living cavaliers of the Kulm Iron Cross. The brothers of Pavel Yakovlevich, major generals, also received fame. Pyotr Yakovlevich(serving in the Department of Railways) and Major General Eduard Yakovlevich(military engineer) de Witte, whose family formed the basis of the Generality Russian Empire.For his service, Pavel Yakovlevich de Witte had numerous awards, including: Order of St. Anne 4th class. (09/15/1813), 2nd class. (22.08.1826 ), 1st art. (12/6/1837; with the Imperial crown to the order of 12/6/1839), Prussian Insignia of the Iron Cross (Kulm Cross) (1813), Order of St. Vladimir 3rd class. (6.12.1829)and 2nd art. (09/17/1845),Polish Insignia for Military Dignity (Virtuti Militari) 2nd Art. (1831), Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd degree (01/18/1832) and 1st st. (6.12.1835), Order of St. George 4th class. (11/29/1837, for unblemished service of 25 years in officer ranks, No. 5520 according to the cavalier list of Grigorovich-Stepanov), Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class. (1845), Order of the White Eagle ( 9.11. 184 8), Badge of distinction for XLV years of unblemished service (1859). Orthodox religion. He had 10 children from three wives. He was buried at the Holy Trinity Cemetery in Oranienbaum.
Yakov Pavlovich DeWitt(12/31/1839, St. Petersburg - 03/21/1894, Oranienbaum) - was brought up in the Corps of Pages; June 16, 1859 promoted from camera-pages to cornets of the Narva Hussars; from December 19, 1874 - lieutenant colonel; since 1878 - Vilkomir district military chief, colonel. Buried in Oranienbaum Holy Trinity cemetery.
Nikolay Yakovlevich De Witt(12/1/1864, Vilna province -1927, Kostroma) - hereditary nobleman Vilna province. In 1883 graduated from the Orenburg Neplyuevsky Cadet Corps, and then was transferred to the Nikolaev Cavalry School. In 1885, "after completing the full course of sciences in the 1st category," he was promoted to cornet in the Life Guards Horse Grenadier Regiment. In 1895 he was enlisted in the reserve of the guards cavalry and in the same year he was appointed senior official for special assignments under the Governor of Courland, renamed collegiate assessors. In 1896 he was appointed adviser to the Courland provincial government. In 1907 he was appointed staff officer for special assignments of the 7th class at the Main Directorate of State Horse Breeding. In 1908 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and in the same yearwas fired from military service at his own request on the occasion of his transfer to the Ministry of Justice, which appointed him the Kostroma provincial prison inspector with the renaming of state councilors. Knight of the Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd class, had a silver medal in memory of the reign of Alexander III, a dark bronze medal for work on the first general population census in 1897 and a silver nominal watch for 20 years of impeccable service from Grand Duke Mikhail. WITH 1893 was married to a daughter Privy Councilor Muravyov, Countess Olga Leonidovna Muravyova. Had daughters Olga, Irina and sons Dmitry and Boris.
Boris Nikolaevich DeWitt (30.08.1898, Mayorengof shtetl, Livonian province(Courland) (Republic of Latvia)- 11/29/1960, Krasnodar) - hereditary nobleman, son of Nikolai Yakovlevich De Witt and Olga Leonidovna Muravyova, talented radio engineer; studied VC Ostromsky real school, since 1916 - V Poltava cadet school (Encyclopedia civil war), during entrance exams lived in the house of the future father-in-law, Joseph Nazarovich Pigurenko. After the revolution of the seventeenth year, when the students of the school were dissolved, he left for Rostov-on-Don. In 1918 joined the armed detachment of General Kornilov and participated in the month of February in the "Ice Campaign" to Yekaterinodar. After the death of Kornilov from April 1918. fought in the army of A.I. Denikin. After the defeat of the white movement, he returned to his parents in Kostroma, worked as a mechanic at the Kostroma weaving and spinning factory. Then, after the death of his father Nikolai Yakovlevich De Witt in 1927, in order to avoid arrest, he left for the city of Anapa, the homeland of his bride, a participant in the Civil War on the side of the Reds. Before the war, he was the head of the radio center in the town of Goryachiy Klyuch, Krasnodar Territory. First time b was arrested on May 1, 1932. on charges of conducting anti-Soviet agitation. The case against B.N. De Witt was terminated by the Decree of the Cheropersector of the OPTU dated July 4, 1932 under Article 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR for lack of evidence with release from custody. The second time he was arrested on a denunciation on 07/12/1944. in the city of Goryachiy Klyuch on charges under Article 58-1 "a" and 58-8 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and was convicted by the verdict of the military tribunal of the NKVD troops of the Krasnodar Territory dated 11/14/1944. on the basis of Article 2 of the Decree of the PZS of the USSR of 19.04.43. in the form of 20 years of hard labor. The sentence against De Witt Boris Nikolaevich was canceled after 12 years of hard labor by the military tribunal of the North Caucasian Military District of 08/31/1956. due to lack of corpus delicti. Married to Alexandra Iosifovna Pigurenko, with whom he had two children - Ariadne and Romuald.
Ariadna Borisovna DeWitt(08/17/1927, Anapa -) - hereditary noblewoman, graduated from L Eningrad Institute. Timiryazeva (1958), worked in the regional committee of the CPSU.
Romuald Borisovich DeWitt(03/27/1937, Krasnodar -) - hereditary nobleman, genealogist of the genealogy of his family: the de Witte, Razumovsky-Orzhitsky and Muravyov families, human rights activist, repressed twice: the first time by his father (certificate of rehabilitation on 06/07/1994 on the basis of Article 2-1 of the Law Russian Federation"On the rehabilitation of victims political repression"and in accordance with Article 1-1 of the said law and the ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 18.04.2000. N103-O) and the second time after the use of psychiatry for punitive purposes with the receipt of a certificate of rehabilitation by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2002, No. 18-ns90-11; graduated from the Krasnodar technical school, electrical measuring department; worked in Kazakhstan on the virgin lands for the development of virgin and fallow lands.
Chulkov, N. P. Biography of Witt in the "Collection of biographies of the cavalry guards", vol. II, pp. 448-458.
JACOB-EDWARD?-1749, major general of the Dutch service, commandant of the Kroviner fortress.
Son:
YAKOV (PETER-EDUARD) YAKOVLEVICH 11/15/1739, in Herzogenbusch, in Holland (according to another report - in Brussels) - 05/24/1809. He kept the Reformed religion8. Buried at the Smolensk Evangelical Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Military engineer of the Dutch service 1760 - 1772, captain, director of hydraulic works in Holland since 1773, accepted from the Dutch service into the Russian service as a major engineer on November 9, 17837, lieutenant colonel of the engineering corps on February 23, 1787, colonel on December 12, 1790, general major on November 24, 1794, lieutenant general on December 12, 1798, engineer-general-in-chief on December 3, 1799, member of the department of water communications, holder of the orders of St. Alexander Nevsky (1807, diamonds for him 1808), St. Anna, 1st Class (February 8, 1799), St. Vladimir 3rd degree (December 12, 1791) and St. John of Jerusalem Grand Cross; accepted with his wife and children into eternal citizenship of Russia and included in the list of Russian nobles on December 9, 1806. G. 1) N.N.N.; 2) GERTRUDE-ELIZABETH? - 06/15/1815. Buried with her husband.
Children:
N.N., son from his first marriage, died in Holland before his father moved to Russia. His father married his fiancee in a second marriage.
JAKOV-EDUARD DE-WITTE-DE-GAMSTED (from his first marriage), Fendrik, remained in Holland and lived on his estate Gamstead; used interest from the capital bequeathed by the ancestors to the eldest in the family.
KASPER YAKOVLEVICH, BODY. 1770, was a cadet in Holland for 6 years; conductor of the engineering corps of the 2nd class on August 7, 1785 and the 1st class on May 4, 1787; artillery bayonet junker on September 5, 1789, second lieutenant of the engineering corps on February 17, 1790, lieutenant on December 14, 1790; was in Riga in excess of the set during the construction in the ditch of the locks (1794), captain-lieutenant on June 28, 1796, lieutenant colonel on September 17, 1798, colonel on November 2, 1799. Excluded from the lists of those who died on April 25, 1802. Reformed creed
ANNA YAKOVLEVNA (from her first marriage) for 1) PAVLO PETROVICH; 2) for FYODOR
PETER YAKOVLEVICH (from his second marriage) 1782-16.09.1856; entered the service in the department of water communications with the rank of collegiate registrar on March 13, 1800, studied hydraulic and technical sciences in England in 1806 - 1809. Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree for describing and drawing up plans for the Caledonian Canal in Scotland on October 26, 1809, then transferred to the corps of railway engineers as an engineer of the 1st class with the renaming from collegiate assessors to majors on March 13, 1810, from June 24, 1811 lieutenant colonel, colonel from April 30 1816, director of the 1st district of communications, manager of the improvement of the Volkhov rapids (1822), commander of the Moscow military work brigade on May 15, 1822, major general from April 3, 2825, under the Moscow military governor general in 1832 - 1842 years, holder of the orders of St. Stanislaus I degree (1836), St. Vladimir 3rd degree (September 2, 1826) and St. Anna 2nd class with diamonds. He died at the age of 75, was buried in Moscow, on Vagankovo. G. 1) VERA IVANOVNA? -1836, buried with her husband; 2) PELAGEYA YAKOVLEVNA 1816-4.04.1898. After the death of Peter Yakovlevich, she married his nephew NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH on 07/30/1830-04/28/1884. Pelageya Yakovlevna was buried on Vagankovo, having buried her second husband in Moscow, on the Vvedensky mountains. Children:
# NIKOLAI PETROVICH 09/20/1811, St. Petersburg - 1844, LONDON, godson N.S. Mordvinova, harpist and composer.
# NADEZHDA PETROVNA 1.04.1813, St. Petersburg-24.08.1865, for ALEXANDER VASILIEVICH 1814-23.12.1862
# PAVEL PETROVICH 06/6/1817, St. Petersburg-?, non-commissioned officer of the Grenadier Emperor Franz I Regiment (January 10, 1836), ensign (August 24, 1838), second lieutenant (December 6, 1840), was seconded to the Apsheron and Tenga infantry regiments during the military operations against the highlanders from May 5 to November 9, 1841, lieutenant (December 6, 1842), staff captain (October 10, 1843), seconded to the 1st Moscow cadet corps from April 13, 1844 to February 20, 1845, adjutant of the Bessarabian Governor General Lieutenant General Fedorov from July 4, 1846 to July 3, 1848, captain (April 11, 1848), captain of the 1st Sunzhensky linear Cossack regiment (February 17 1849), in 1849 - 1850 he participated in the Sleptsov detachment in military operations against the mountaineers and on January 5, 1850 he was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "for courage", expelled by the Highest order from service on August 9, 1852.
# ALEXANDRA PETROVNA 04/2/1820-07/13/1822, buried at Vagankovo.
# FEDOR PETROVICH 09/25/1823-?, godson of the Moscow Governor-General Prince D.V. Golitsyn, non-commissioned officer of the Grenadier Emperor Franz I Regiment (September 26, 1840), ensign (December 20, 1842), seconded to l. -Guards. Volyn regiment on July 2, 1846 and dismissed from service due to illness as a lieutenant on December 30, 1846.
MARIA YAKOVLEVNA 01/09/1783-01/09/1853. She was married to FRANZ PAVLOVICH 09/20/1752-11/3/1818. They are both buried at the Volkov Lutheran cemetery in St. Petersburg.
ALEXANDER YAKOVLEVICH, BODY. 1786; column leader of the Retinue of His Majesty for the quartermaster on October 26, 1802, second lieutenant of the engineering corps on August 7, 1805, transferred to the life guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment November 26, 1806, Lieutenant January 1, 1810, Staff Captain December 10, 1811, Captain April 14, 1813. Due to a wound received on August 16, 1813 at Gisgubel, he was dismissed from service as a colonel on May 1, 1814, then re-hired as a lieutenant colonel in the training carabinieri regiment on May 29, 1816, colonel on November 25, 1816, battalion commander, participant in the wars against the French in 1807 and 1812-1813, holder of the orders of St. Vladimir 4th class (for the Battle of Gutstadt in 1807), 3rd class (for Gisgubel 1813) and St. Anna 2nd class (for Bautzen in 1813). He was awarded a golden sword with the inscription "for courage" (for Borodino), excluded from the lists of those who died on February 12, 1817. He was married to ALEXANDRA ALEXEEVNA, who died during a cholera epidemic. They have children:
# VARVARA ALEKSANDROVNA 1812-?, after RADEKER
# VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH 1813-?, page, died of cholera.
# OK. 1813-8.01.1889
# VERA ALEKSANDROVNA for ALEXANDER EGOROVICH
IVAN-EDUARD YAKOVLEVICH 09/29/1790, RIGA-07/28/1854, Aksai village (where he was buried); junker of the engineering corps on April 25, 1803, second lieutenant engineer (according to the form 17 years old) on August 29, 1805, managed the father's office from May 1808 to May 1809, then was under the engineer-general de Vollan; lieutenant on November 29, 1809, captain, 2nd class railway engineer on March 13, 1810, major on March 2, 1813, production director works III district of communications on December 30, 1814. Dismissed from service on November 9, 1816, because the bridge built in Smolensk under his leadership collapsed. He was again accepted into the service in respect of the former diligent service and appointed to his former place on February 12 (March 13), 1817; director of work on the construction of a towpath and improvement of the fairway of the Volga and Tver to Rybinsk (with leaving in his previous position) in 1819, lieutenant colonel on March 11, 1820, director of the IV department of the tracts of the 1st district on April 17, 1822, director of the construction of the Moscow highway from January 17, 1823 to July 18, 1824, member of the Auditing Technical Commission of the Council of Railways on April 27, 1824, serving at the Riga Military Governor for special assignments from December 8, 1824 to January 30, 1833, director of works on the installation of a bolter of the Dvina River in Riga in 1825 - 1826, Acting Riga Bau-Adjutant (December 16, 1827 - March 1, 1829), Head of the Construction Department of the Governor's Office (January 1, 1828), Director of works on the construction of a bridge in Mitava according to his project (1829 - 1830), Colonel of the Construction detachment of communications (December 6, 1829), appointed to the III district of communications on January 30, 1833, member of the Lifland provincial construction commission from October 10, 1833 to November 30, 1844, director of works on the arrangement of Kemmernsky springs mineral waters since 1836, chairman of the committee for the reconstruction of the Riga Castle since January 31, 1842. Dismissed from service due to domestic circumstances with promotion to major general on November 30, 1844 and re-appointed to serve in the corps of engineers of military settlements with the rank of colonel on February 21, 1846, served in the V district of engineers of military settlements (Kharkov) and for some time was his chief (1847), Major General on December 6, 1848, member of the commission for the completion of the cathedral church in Novocherkassk, foreman of works on the construction of a dam between the stations Aksayskaya and Makhinskaya (1852) and Aksayskaya and Olginskaya (1854); holder of the orders of St. George 4th degree for 25 years of service (December 1, 1838), St. Stanislav 2nd degree (April 16, 1841), St. Anna 2nd class (October 24, 1832) for the Polish company, and St. Vladimir 4th class (for the protection of Tver from floods and the construction of two bridges across the Volga and the Dnieper), participated in the compilation of hydrographic maps of Russia (1811) and drew up a general map of Riga with suburbs (1827), participated in hostilities against the Polish rebels within Samogitia in 1831 and carried out an investigation into the smuggling of gunpowder and weapons into Lithuania from Prussia in 1832. G. 1) VERA IVANOVNA? - 4.04.1834; 2) ALEXANDRA NIKOLAEVNA 1819 - until 1845 - her own niece, daughter of Charlotte Yakovlevna's sister. Children:
# MARIA IVANOVNA 1813, Smolensk-5.1898
# 11/18/1814, Tver-07/15/1877, Smolensk
# HOPE IVANOVNA 1816-? Husband PAVEL YAKOVLEVICH 1817–20.07.1877
# 28.02.1820-10.04.1898
# ELIZAVETA IVANOVNA 07/09/1821-01/2/1865, buried at Vagankovo. Was with OSIP ANTONOVICH approx. 1803-15.03.1865
# NATALIA IVANOVNA 1822-?, in childhood.
# SOFIA IVANOVNA 1827-1893, Pyatigorsk. Husband EFIM MIKHAILOVICH
# EKATERINA IVANOVNA 1829-1909, Stavropol, was married to Pyotr ANDREEVICH
# PAVEL IVANOVICH? - March 15, 1836 (in his second year of life, buried in Riga, at the Intercession Cemetery).
# ALEXANDRA IVANOVNA 1844-?, died in childhood in the Lutheran faith.
CHARLOTTA YAKOVLEVNA 11/2/1795-10/1/1866, for NIKOLAI IVANOVICH 1782-?]. Buried on the Vvedensky mountains, in Moscow.
PAVEL YAKOVLEVICH 06/29/1796, Riga - 08/17/1864 (died in the Orthodox faith and was buried in Oraninenbaum at the Trinity cemetery with his first wife); served as an ensign of the L.-Gds. Preobrazhensky Regiment on January 17, 1811, then, second lieutenant (April 14, 1813) and lieutenant (October 1, 1816), staff captain (December 20, 1819), captain (February 20, 1821), colonel l. -Guards. Izmailovsky Regiment (April 20, 1823), battalion commander (December 3, 1824), adjutant wing (December 14, 1825) and major general at the headquarters of the Guards Corps (August 22, 1831). He was commander of the Lithuanian regiment (October 14, 1831), then its commander (August 6, 1832), commander of the 5th Guards Infantry Brigade (October 2, 1834) and its commander (October 4, 1837), then , commander of the 3rd Infantry Division (September 22, 1841). Taking into account the excellent and diligent service and long-term command of the L.-Gds. The Lithuanian regiment was ordered by the Highest to keep the uniform of this regiment for him (November 11, 1841). Lieutenant General and Chief of the 3rd Infantry Division (April 11, 1843), Chief of the 1st Grenadier Division (March 23, 1847), Commander of the reserve battalions of the Guards Infantry (February 4, 1854), Commander of the 3rd Guards Reserve Infantry division (August 30, 1854), member of the General Auditorium since 1855, general of infantry since March 10, 1862, holder of the orders of St. George 4th class for 25 years of service (November 29, 1837), White Eagle (November 9, 1848), St. Anna 4th degree (September 15, 1813), 2nd degree (August 22, 1826) and 1st degree (December 6, 1835) and the Prussian Iron Cross (1813), participant in the wars - Patriotic, for the liberation of Europe 1813- 1814, Turkish (1828) and Polish (1831). G. 1) VALERIA, died at the age of 27 on February 1, 1834; 2) OLGA YAKOVLEVNA 05/23/1821-10/14/1842,; 3) ANNA PAVLOVNA? - 12/23/1898. From the 1st marriage - 3 sons and 2 daughters, from the 2nd - 2 sons, from the 3rd - 3 sons:
# 17.07.1828-16.03.1867
# 18.04.1830-8.12.1877
# VICTOR PAVLOVICH 08/15/1831, St. Petersburg - 05/24/1882, enrolled in pages on March 25, 1834 and entered the Page Corps from September 5, 1842. After graduation, he was promoted to ensign in the 3rd Guards and Grenadier Brigade (May 26, 1849), then - second lieutenant (August 13, 1851), ensign of the guard (January 13, 1853), second lieutenant (March 27, 1855). ), lieutenant (April 15, 1856), staff captain of the line Transbaikal artillery brigade (November 26, 1859), lieutenant colonel (March 8, 1863), adjutant of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia (1863 - 1866) , Knight of the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree (1865), colonel (April 16, 1867), Governor of Yakutsk (1869 - 1876, until 1874 - corrective post), Major General (1874), consisting of the Ministry internal affairs; buried in St. Petersburg at the Assumption Cemetery. He was married to ELIZAVETA KONSTANTINOVNA. THEY HAVE A DAUGHTER:
-- EKATERINA VIKTOROVNA, married.
# ELIZAVETA PAVLOVNA 12/10/1832-12/10/1912, Kovno. She was married to NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH
# VALERIA PAVLOVNA 02/07/1834-12/4/1879, wife of MIKHAIL MIKHAILOVICH? -11/15/1895. Both were buried in St. Petersburg, in the Novodevichy Convent.
# 31.12.1839-1894
# PAVEL PAVLOVICH 05/15/1845-10/14/1871, was brought up in the Corps of Pages and from chamber-pages was promoted to warrant officer of the Life Guards. Horse Grenadier Regiment May 23, 1864. Then, he became a staff captain of the same regiment ... He was buried in Old Peterhof at the Trinity Cemetery.
# VLADIMIR PAVLOVICH 08/23/1848-11/2/1886, was brought up in the Corps of Pages, promoted from pages to cornets of the 5th Hussars of the Alexandria Regiment (July 17, 1867), captain of the Life Guards. Horse Grenadier Regiment. He was buried in Old Peterhof at the Trinity Cemetery.
The name of this eminent statesman Russia, remembered mainly due to its foreign sound, was mentioned in Soviet history only in connection with (as they wrote in textbooks then) "the dark time of tsarism." He was also associated with another antagonist of the Social Democracy - Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, moreover, as his antipode. The relationship between these two people was indeed not easy, they had largely opposite views on the path of progress, but P. A. Stolypin and S. Yu. Witte converged on the main thing. A brief biography of each of them was the personification of serving the Fatherland, and both of them completely denied the revolutionary path of development. Unfortunately, to implement plans for building great Russia they did not succeed, although it did not take much - just a couple of decades of peace and quiet.
Genealogy Witte
In the family of the Courland nobleman Christoph-Heinrich-Georg-Julius and the daughter of the governor of the Saratov region Ekaterina Andreevna (nee Fadeeva), a son, Sergei Witte, was born in 1849. A brief biography of the father of the family contains information about high level his education (he owned specialties and an agronomist). In the early forties, he settled in and held the position of manager of a large landowner economy. History is silent about how he won the heart of Ekaterina Andreevna Fadeeva, but it is obvious that this task was not an easy one. His future wife and mother, Sergei Yulievich, came from a highly educated noble family, her grandfather was Prince Dolgorukov. Other children of the Saratov governor also differed, and not only in high birth - for example, one of the daughters became a prominent writer (Elena Gan). The cousin of Ekaterina Fadeeva, E. A. Sushkova, became famous as the author of very interesting memoirs that depicted the society of that time. was the boy's cousin.
Perhaps someone will find it an insignificant circumstance in which family Sergey Yulievich Witte was born. A brief biography of him, however, without this information is impossible. His ancestors were worthy and gifted people.
Education
Until the age of sixteen, the boy attended a gymnasium in Tiflis. Then the family lived in Chisinau for a couple of years. After receiving a matriculation certificate, she and her brother became students of Novorossiysk University, one of the best in the Russian Empire. The future statesman Witte studied mathematics patiently and persistently. His brief biography says that the youth of Sergei Yulievich is connected with Odessa (it was here that he now mentioned is named after I. I. Mechnikov). In South Palmyra, he defended his thesis (1870). Witte was offered to stay in educational institution, but he refused, in which he received the full support of the family, who considered the service of the sovereign and the Fatherland to be the lot of a nobleman.
Traveler's career
The young man entered the service, taking the post of an official in the office of the governor of Novorossia. But he did not sit there for long and soon became a travel specialist on the recommendation of Count A.P. Bobrinsky. A brief biography of Witte contains information that he worked almost as a cashier, but this is not entirely true, although he really had to travel a lot to small stations, studying the work of the railway in all its intricacies and occupy various low positions to deepen knowledge. Soon, such perseverance gave results, and he headed the operational service of the Odessa Railway. S. Yu. Witte was then only 25 years old.
Further growth
A brief biography of Witte as an official could become very short due to the train wreck that occurred on Tiligul, but his active work in organizing defense cargo transportation (there was a war with Turkey) won the favor of the authorities, and he was actually forgiven (punishment - two weeks of guardhouse). The development of the port of Odessa is also to a large extent his merit. So, instead of resignation and disgrace - a new round of career, now in St. Petersburg. Lead the five Southwestern railways(Kharkov-Nikolaev, Kiev-Brest, Fastov, Brest-Graev and Odessa) in 1879, it was entrusted to S. Yu. Witte. A brief biography of a high-ranking official takes us to Kyiv, where he works under the leadership of I. S. Bliokh, a prominent economic theorist and banker. Fifteen will pass here interesting years his life.
Achievements
At the beginning of the 20th century, tectonic processes take place in the world economy, from which Sergei Yulievich Witte did not stand aside. His brief biography contains information about the work he wrote "National Economy and Friedrich List". Soon this book is noticed "at the very top", and the author is appointed a state councilor at the railway department. Then there is a rapid career throw to the post of minister. D. I. Mendeleev invited Witte to serve in the department entrusted to him.
The main merits of Sergei Yulievich in the matter of state reform can be listed by points:
1. Introduction of the gold backing of the ruble. As a result, the Russian monetary unit becomes one of the main world currencies.
2. Consolidation of the state monopoly on the sale of vodka (even the concept of a “monopoly” arose as common name Serious funds began to flow into the budget, but there was also an unpleasant effect from the state's interest in soldering the people.
3. A sharp increase in railway construction. During the work of Witte, the length of the tracks doubled and exceeded 54 thousand miles. Such rates were not even in the years of Stalin's five-year plans.
4. Transfer of means of communication to state property. The treasury bought out 70% of carrier companies from the owners, this was of strategic importance for the country's economy.
Personal life
Not a single one, even the most short biography. Witte in his youth enjoyed success with the ladies (it is known about his acquaintances with actresses). Back in Odessa, Sergei Yulievich met his first wife, who at that time was in a formal marriage. N. (nee Ivanenko) was the daughter of the leader of the nobility from Chernigov, they were married in Kyiv, in the Cathedral of St. Vladimir. The couple lived until the death of his wife in 1890. Two years later, Witte married a second time. His chosen one, Matilda Ivanovna Lisanevich, raised her daughter herself, whom Sergei Yulievich raised as her own child. The wife came from their Jews-converts, which aggravated the relationship of the official with secular society. He himself did not attach any importance to prejudice.
Last years
Relations with Nicholas II at Witte were difficult. On the one hand, the emperor valued him as a specialist, on the other hand, court intrigues (for which, by the way, Sergey Yulievich himself was also an expert) greatly complicated the position of the Minister of Finance. In the end, in 1903, Witte lost his post, but did not remain idle for a long time - it was he who was sent to conduct peace negotiations with the Japanese government. He coped with the task, the title of count became the reward.
Then difficulties arose with the agrarian project, the instigator of which was Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin. Having met the resistance of the landowners, Witte retreated, and fired the author of the controversial law. For a long time, however, it was impossible to maneuver between the interests of the opposing factions. The inevitable resignation eventually took place in 1906.
On this, in fact, a brief biography of Witte ends. In February 1915, he contracted meningitis and died.
The whole life of this statesman is a vivid illustration of the unsuccessful struggle for the prosperity of the Motherland. Our contemporaries need to know it in order to avoid many mistakes made a century ago.
She shared on Facebook memories of her great-grandfather. He was from the de Witts, an ancient Dutch aristocratic dynasty, one of whose branches in Russia took the name Witte, and almost died in a Bolshevik prison. In those terrible conditions, he brought cleanliness and sanitation to the best of his ability in the cell, and now - the connection of times and the roll call of epochs - a hundred years later, his great-granddaughter is forced to independently clean up the hospital ward of great America!
Service staff fled with the arrival of Trump and pressure on illegal immigrants, and no one else wants to go to hard, dirty and low-paid work. But my son, a Montreal social affairs lawyer, has more work - several tens of thousands of illegal immigrants fled from the United States to Canada, and he helps them get settled.
Yuri Kirpichev
Almost a hundred years have passed since then. I am in America. Now I live in a hospital room where my dear husband is, he is very sick. Illegal workers, who used to wash and clean everything here, fled or were deported, so there is practically no one to clean the wards. A tired Mexican with a mop looked in a couple of times and swept it back and forth several times in the middle of the ward. I found the nearest supermarket on Google, reached it through all sorts of freeways and a bridge, bought detergents and began to scrub the ward with them. And then Deja Vu happened! I was crawling on my knees, scrubbing the floor, and suddenly I clearly saw or imagined Didi washing a prison cell in 1921…
P.S. God forbid, the dreamers will be sent out. The most professional, kind compassionate nurses and nurses are they. Young, wonderful. One was brought here when he was 3 years old, another at 6 years old, a third at 4 years old, and so on. When my husband was still in Naples in the so-called "hospital", I personally encountered them. They know more than the so-called "doctors" there, if it weren't for them...and they are here in Miami too.
P.P.S. Elena, my grandmother's sister, and her first husband Boris Volkov fled from Mongolia to China, and from there they moved to the United States. Their grandchildren live in Canada. Boris Volkov was a Kolchak officer, poet and writer, the author of the most famous and reliable memoirs about Ungern, which are kept in the Hoover Center.
After divorcing him, Elena married Gregory Silvermaster, a senior government official and head of the largest spy ring in US history working for the USSR. I knew Lena very well, she came to Moscow every year, starting from the 60s, first with Greg, and after his death, alone. But I only found out about their activities here, in the States ... There was a shock ...
Boris Apollonovich Shumakov, married to Xenia, my grandmother's sister, was a student of Didi and an academician of VASKhNIL. His son, Boris Borisovich Shumakov, is also an academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. His daughter Xenia sent Uncle Borya's memories of Didi. Here is a piece of them.
“Peter Alexandrovich Witte, although he was of a noble family, he had kindness, ease of communication with people, regardless of their education, social status. He was such a versatile person that, along with the purely professional skills of a biologist, agronomist, land reclamator, soil scientist, he perfectly knew human physiology and mastered the basics of medicine. There was a case when he, working at Tingut, did emergency operations, up to appendicitis.
He was an excellent carpenter, joiner, fitter and mechanic. In my memory from childhood, the impression of the first visit to the grandfather's office remained forever. We, grandchildren and granddaughters (and there were five of us), called grandfather - didi, and grandmother - bibi. Apparently, one of the adults instilled this in us, or maybe one of us began to call grandparents that, and this was passed on to everyone along the chain. This was before the war in 1939 or 1940.
On one of my visits with my mother, my grandfather and grandmother, and they lived in Novocherkassk, at st. Enlightenment 101 in a separate wooden house, grandfather asked how old I was. I replied that it was already six, to which he told me that I was already big and it was time for me to learn the male craft, took my hand and led me to his office. It must be said that the office was considered a holy place, and entry there was possible only with the permission of the grandfather, and this rule applied to everyone, both children and adults.
My childish imagination was overwhelmed by what I saw when I entered the office. In the middle of a large room, on a large wooden block, stood a large anvil. There was a desk by the window with papers and books on it. On the left side of the table, the entire wall was lined with bookcases filled with books; on the right side along the wall there were also shelves specially adapted for tools and all filled with various hammers, tongs, tongs, nippers, files, chisels, hacksaws, jigsaws, etc. d. and so on. Near the wall adjoining the entrance door there was a large furnace with a hearth for incandescent metal and blacksmithing.
Entering the office, grandfather introduced me to the workmanship of the office and said that it was time for me to learn blacksmithing and the first step in this field was to make a nail. He took, chopped off a piece of wire on the anvil with a chisel and clearly showed me how a nail is made from this piece of wire with the help of pliers, a hammer and an anvil. He made this nail so quickly and deftly that, I thought, it would not be too difficult for me. However, when I got down to business, I was convinced that it was not as simple as it seemed, looking at the skillful actions of my grandfather.
Grandfather, in order not to embarrass me, left the office and left me to solve all the problems that arose. After some time, despite the broken fingers and nails, I got some kind of nail, and I joyfully ran into the room and showed my grandfather, he looked, said that the first time it turned out well, and that I should come to him to purchase further male skills. So, thanks to my grandfather, I began to comprehend men's wisdom, for which I am infinitely grateful to him.
P.A. Witte, while in the Chita prison, like all prisoners, did all the work. There was such an incident. In the morning, after breakfast, the prisoners were lined up on the prison square to form various work brigades. An employee of the prison, standing in front of the line of prisoners, began to select the artisans they needed, for which he gave commands. Who owns carpentry skills a step forward, who carpentry, locksmith, etc. Grandfather, owning all these professions, taking steps accordingly, confirmed this. The overseer was so surprised that, looking dumbfounded, he said what kind of carpenter, joiner, blacksmith and bricklayer you are if you are a baron. To which grandfather replied, baron, not baron, and if you don’t believe it, then check it in your work. The check convinced the prison guards that the baron was really a jack of all trades, and not just a master, but a master of a high rank.
