The work that we will consider has a longer and more meaningful title: "Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747." It was written in honor of the most important holiday for the whole country. In this article, we will consider what I wanted to say in my - "Ode on the day of the ascension." Summary and the analysis of this work will help us understand the message of the scientist. So let's get started.
Lomonosov, "Ode on the Day of Ascension". Summary
In his work, the author sings of the greatness of Russia, the wealth of its lands and seas, happy villages, strong cities, crops. Then he moves on to the image of Elizabeth. Lomonosov describes her as beautiful, kind, generous, calm, who ended the wars on Russian soil. He says that in peaceful Russia science is advancing, and times are good. All this is described using various metaphors and others with which Lomonosov's ode "On the Day of Ascension" is full.
In the last part, he returns to the "source of mercy" - Elizabeth. Lomonosov calls her the angel of peaceful years. He says that the Almighty protects and blesses her.
Analysis of the ode by M. V. Lomonosov on the day of the accession of Empress Elisaveta Petrovna
As readers have probably noticed, the author praises the empress for peacetime. However, it was not. He only in this way tried to convey to the empress his opinion that Russia had enough to fight, a lot of blood had been shed, it was time to enjoy peace.
Why is he writing about it? At that time, the question arose of whether Russia would participate in the war along with the countries that fought France and Prussia. The author, like many others, is against this. He wants Russia to develop. Therefore, it can be said that his laudatory ode is political in nature, his own peace program.
Nevertheless, the empress had merit. She began to negotiate peace with Sweden. Lomonosov did not forget to note this moment in the laudatory song ("Ode on the day of the ascension"). The summary shows us how a scientist and writer praises Elizabeth for the development of science. This is due to the fact that in 1747 the Empress increased the amount of funds for the needs of the Academy. After this act, his famous ode was written by the scientist.
Techniques used in the work
The main literary tool used in the ode is a metaphor. Thanks to her, Lomonosov manages to beautifully glorify his country, its ruler, to call for peace and development. Peacetime he calls beloved silence, war - fiery sounds.
Comparisons are also found in the work: "the soul of her marshmallow is quieter", "the sight is more beautiful than paradise."
Thanks to the personification, Lomonosov animates various phenomena: “be silent ... sounds”, “whirlwinds, do not dare to roar”, “Mars was afraid”, “Neptune was wondering”.
Why did the author choose such a genre as ode for his work
Lomonosov was a true patriot of his country. He praised her in every possible way, supported her with all his heart. Many works were written by him in such a genre as ode. This is due to the fact that this genre allowed him to sing everything that seemed significant to him. After all, "ode" is translated from Greek as "song". This genre helped Lomonosov to use the majestic style, artistic techniques. Thanks to him, he was able to convey his view on the development of Russia. At the same time, he withstood the classicistic severity of the language in his - "Ode on the day of the ascension." The summary shows us how important topics the author managed to touch on in his ode. Another genre would hardly have given him the opportunity to convey his ideas and views to the ruler so eloquently.
Conclusion
We have considered one of the best literary works written by Lomonosov M.V. - "Ode on the day of the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna." A brief summary and showed what topics the author touched on, how he conveyed them, what significance they had. We learned that Lomonosov was a patriot. He wanted the ruler Elizabeth to continue the work of her father: she was engaged in education, science.
We learned that the scientist and writer was against the war and the shedding of blood. By writing an ode, he managed to convey his views on the desired future of Russia to the Empress herself. Thus, this work was written by him not just in honor of the annual celebration of the accession of the empress to the throne. Lomonosov conveyed to the ruler his vision of the country's development.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765)
“Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elizabeth Petrovna”, November 25, 1747”
History of creation.
Most of the solemn odes of Lomonosov were written on the occasion of the days of accession to the throne of one or another monarch, celebrated annually: Anna Ioannovna, Ioann Antonovich, Elizaveta Petrovna, Peter III and Catherine II. The reading of the odes was part of the festive ceremonial, so the government ordered them. In each of them the poet developed
His ideas related to the fate of the Russian state, going beyond the official court speech. In solemn odes, the poet raises the most important civil, social, political problems, directly expressing his point of view on them. This is how the work we are considering was created.
genre and composition.
Traditionally, odes are divided into the following types: victorious-patriotic, solemn (commendable), philosophical, spiritual and anacreontic. This work belongs to the genre of solemn ode.
The composition of the ode, in accordance with the requirements of classicism, is distinguished by logical harmony.
Each of the main themes receives its justification and detailed development, each new thought follows logically from the previous one.
The ode under consideration consists of 24 ten-line stanzas with repeated rhymes.
The 1st-2nd stanzas are the beginning with the traditional appeal to silence and the glorification of the beauty and grandeur of the universe and the empress herself.
In the subsequent 3-6th stanzas, the deeds of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna are glorified, and in the 7-11th stanzas, the poet recalls with admiration Peter I, the reformer tsar, the ideal of the Russian monarch, whose death the author of the ode mourns, regretting the death of his wife Catherine I. Starting from the 12th stanza, the poet again returns to the praise of the “Great Peter's daughter”, already dwelling in more detail on her merits. At the same time, he describes the wealth, beauty and immensity of the expanses of her power. This description ends with a call for the development of yet unexploited natural resources and the development of science in connection with this. The 22-23rd stanzas are the famous appeal to compatriots, whom Lomonosov convinces of the benefits of doing science.
The last, 24th stanza is the final glorification of the empress and the blessing of her wise, peaceful reign.
Theme and problems.
In terms of content, this poem is so significant, the author manages to touch on so many topics and problems that some researchers sometimes compare it with a poem. Indeed, Lomonosov is talking here about what, in his opinion, should contribute to the development and prosperity of the Fatherland. That is why the constant theme of the writer, the activity of Peter I, which he presents as a model for the reigning Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, occupies a large place in the ode. Lomonosov emphasizes the importance of the peace-loving policy of the empress, speaks of the need to develop education and science, which, from his point of view, will contribute to the development and prosperity of the state. Let us consider in detail how the author's thought develops.
Like any solemn ode, in accordance with the rules of classicism, this poem begins with a majestic glorification of the world:
The joy of kings and kingdoms of the earth,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the fence of the city,
If you are useful and red!
A natural continuation of this majestic picture is the praise of Elizabeth, who ensured the prosperity of the country, first of all, by bringing her peace - after all, during her reign, the wars that Russia had waged for a long time really stopped:
When she took the throne
As the Supreme gave her a crown,
I returned you to Russia
The war ended.
Sent a Man to Russia
What has been unheard of for centuries.
Through all obstacles he lifted
Head, crowned with victories,
Russia, trampled by barbarity,
He lifted him up to heaven.
Lomonosov, like Pushkin later, considered Peter I a great reformer, an enlightened monarch and a brilliant military leader - a true national hero. Not without reason, when talking about him, the poet resorts to the images of ancient mythology: Mars and Neptune serve as symbols for the concepts of war and the sea element. Particularly vivid is the description of Peter the military leader, his military victories, which strengthened the power of Russia:
Mars feared in the bloody fields
Your sword in Petrov's hands in vain,
And Neptune wondered with trepidation,
Looking at the Russian flag.
For Lomonosov, as well as for Pushkin, Peter I is also the great builder of the Northern capital, which opened up new ways of development for Russia:
In the walls suddenly fortified
And surrounded by buildings
Doubtful Neva ad:
“Or have I now forgotten
And leaned from the path,
Which before I flowed?
Quite logically, after this description, the idea develops that under Peter I
…divine sciences
Through mountains, rivers and seas,
They stretched out their hands to Russia...
Concluding the story about Peter I with a description of his tragic death, Lomonosov proceeds to the next part of the poem: he again turns to the present and expresses the hope that Elizabeth will follow the example of her father and begin to patronize the sciences, contribute to the strengthening and prosperity of Russia. He wants to see Elizabeth as an enlightened queen who cares about the welfare of the fatherland, and further in his ode presents her with a kind of “action program” that should ensure the further development of the country.
Calling on Elizabeth to be the patroness of education, sciences and crafts, Lomonosov shows that the country where she reigns is amazingly beautiful and has inexhaustible natural wealth:
Look at the high mountains
Look into your wide fields,
Where is the Volga, the Dnieper, where the Ob flows;
Wealth, hidden in them,
Science will frankly
What blooms with your generosity.
The further logic of the development of thought is quite obvious: unfolding before the eyes of the reader a grandiose landscape of a gigantic country, washed by seas and oceans, stretching from the far North, through the mountains of the Urals (“Rifeisky peaks”), the expanses of the Siberian taiga to the Far East and the Amur, which is “in the green shores spinning”, the poet argues that such a country cannot be left in the darkness of ignorance. Educated people are required to develop its natural resources, and therefore he further calls:
Oh, you who are waiting
Fatherland from its bowels,
And wants to see them
What calls from foreign countries!
Be brave, now you are encouraged,
Show with your speech
What can own Platos
And quick-witted Newtons
Russian land to give birth.
Such a logic of the development of poetic thought enables the author to complete his ode not only with the traditional praise of Elizabeth, but also with a genuine hymn in honor of science:
The sciences feed young men,
They give joy to the old,
IN happy life decorate,
In an accident, take care;
Joy in domestic difficulties
And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.
Science is used everywhere, -
Among the nations and in the wilderness,
In the city noise and alone,
At rest they are sweet and in work.
Idea and pathos.
The content of Lomonosov's ode we have considered allows us to say that this work was written by a patriotic writer, a statesman poet, who cares about the welfare of the fatherland. That is why, in accordance with the ideas embedded in the work, he seeks to highlight precisely those qualities of the empress that correspond to his ideas about the ideal monarch. For this purpose, an excursion into the past is given - to the times of the reformatory activity of Peter the Great. The idea of the comprehensive strengthening and development of the state on educational foundations permeates the entire poem. But the poet-naturalist could not but invest in his ode the idea of the development of science, which will help strengthen the state, master the boundless expanses of his native country, and call people to creative activity for the good of the Fatherland.
All this creates a special pathos of the poem: solemn, civil-patriotic, which expresses the thoughts and feelings of a citizen writer.
Artistic originality.
Artistic Features poems are determined by its genre and ideological and thematic content. It fully corresponds to the so-called odic canon, which consists of a stable meter and a stable stanza. Like all the solemn odes of Lomonosov, it is written in iambic tetrameter, consists of ten-line stanzas with certain system rhymes: aBaBvvGdtsG.
The style, as befits an ode, is solemn, which is facilitated by a large number of Slavicisms (classes - ears, the builder - God, daughter - daughter, look - look), images drawn from ancient mythology (Minerva - the goddess of wisdom, Mars - the god of war, Neptune - the god of the sea. Boreas is the north wind), an abundance of rhetorical questions, exclamations and appeals ("What lordship surrounds Parnassus in so much sorrow?"; "Oh, your days are blessed!"; "But ah! cruel fate!"; "Be silent, fiery sounds, and cease to waver the light…”). Often Lomonosov uses characteristic similes, metaphors and personifications: “There, the darkness of the islands is sown, the ocean is like a river”; “Your bounties encourage our spirit and rush to the shore, like a free wind in a swimmer’s pont ...”; “You impudent whirlwinds, do not dare to rage, but meekly divulge our beautiful times.”
The value of the work.
“Our literature begins with Lomonosov ... he was her father, her Peter the Great” - this is how V. G. Belinsky defined the place and significance of the writer's work in the history of Russian literature. The ode we have considered is a clear confirmation of these words. After all, she not only showed the richest possibilities of the Russian poetic language and thereby contributed to further development Russian literature. The ideas embodied in the ode had a significant impact on the work of Derzhavin, Pushkin and other Russian writers. And Lomonosov's thoughts about the significance of science remain relevant to this day. They represent the position modern society and man in the best possible way, and therefore they can serve as a kind of emblem of our time, when science has received an unprecedented development. We can say that the dream of the great scientist and poet has come true: Russia has proved that it is really capable of giving the whole world “its own Platons and quick-witted Newtons”. And occupying one of the first places in the world, Moscow State University rightfully bears the name of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
(No Ratings Yet)
- Ode, according to the dictionary definition literary terms, - a solemn poem dedicated to some historical event or a hero. Ode by M. V. Lomonosov is dedicated to the accession to the throne of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747. In...
- ARTISTIC INDIVIDUALITY OF THE “ODE ON THE DAY OF THE ACCESSION TO THE ALL-RUSSIAN THRONE OF HER MAJESTY EMPRESS ELISAVETA PETROVNA, 1747” This ode by M. V. Lomonosov was dedicated to an important event in the public life of Russia...
- Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov (1711-1765) of the Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747 of the kings and the kingdoms of the earth's fence, his beloved silence, the bliss of villages, Grad the fence, ...
- Ode “On the day of the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna”, 1747 In the ode, Lomonosov glorifies the young Elizabeth, draws the image of an enlightened monarch who patronizes the sciences and arts, brings the educated and...
- Glorification of the Motherland, Peace, Science and Enlightenment in “Ode on the Day of Accession to the Throne of Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747” M. Lomonosov Plan I. Ode is an amazing genre. II. Lessons from Lomonosov. 1....
- CLASSICS MV LOMONOSOV SERVING THE HOMELAND IS THE MAIN IDEA OF MV LOMONOSOV'S CREATIVITY The whole life of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov is the life of a hard worker, a fighter for the prosperity of Russia. With the name of this figure ...
- 1613-1645 Mikhail Fedorovich 1645-1676 Alexei Mikhailovich 1676-1682 Fedor Alekseevich 1682-1689 Sofia Alekseevna, John Alekseevich, Peter Alekseevich 1689-1725 Peter I (until 1696 with John) 1725-1727 Catherine I (wife of Peter I). ..
- The name of Mikhail Lomonosov is associated with the greatest discoveries in the field of science, but few people know that this amazingly talented person was one of the most sought-after poets of his time. His authorship is...
- The novel-chronicle “Lord Golovleva” begins with a cry from a woman: “And for whom did I save! ... for whom! ... And into whom did I turn such monsters!”. This “truly tragic cry” belongs to Arina Petrovna Golovleva. Figure...
- A SOLEMN ODE IN RUSSIA IN THE 18TH CENTURY Russian literature of the 18th century was a new type of literature, consciously best achievements world ancient and European literature, striving for its self-affirmation. Although most...
- RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY In Russian literature, the 18th century is a time of intensive development based on the assimilation of the achievements of Western European culture, primarily classicism. Classicism (from lat. classicus - exemplary)...
- M. V. LOMONOSOV TO THE STATUE OF PETER THE GREAT Inscription one This image is sculpted by the wise hero, That, for the sake of his subjects, depriving himself of rest, The latter took the rank and served as a reign, His laws are himself an example ...
- My day usually starts with a run. I wake up half an hour earlier than I would need if I didn't rush to the sports ground in the morning. I wear a light jacket and sneakers and...
- MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH LOMONOSOV (1711-1765) His biography is unusual. He was born in the North - not far from the village of Kholmogory, near Arkhangelsk, in the White Sea Territory. The state peasants who lived there did not know either serfdom, ...
- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF M. V. LOMONOSOV'S COMMITTED ODES outstanding physicist and a chemist. However, he himself called himself a polyhistor, that is, a person working in ...
- Viktor Alexandrovich Sosnora The Day of the Beast Roman (1980, publ. 1994) “The Yaurei left for Israel. The reindeer fled to Finland. The fish went to Japan. Instants and dissidents remained in the Capital. They were fighting...
- Each poet creates in his works a certain fictional world that corresponds to his state of mind, aspirations and desires. He was also with Alexander Blok, who for a very long time tried not to pay attention ...
- Fyodor Tyutchev at heart was not only a romantic, but also a philosopher. Him, like any creative person interested in questions of the universe. Therefore, observing the surrounding world, the poet tried to comprehend its laws...
- The work of Nikolai Nekrasov is very realistic and devoid of embellishment of reality. This is explained not only by the personal drama of the poet, who ran away from home as a teenager, fearing the wrath of his unrestrained and rather cruel father. Years...
- Fyodor Tyutchev has a whole cycle of works dedicated to Elena Denisyeva, the poet's beloved, whom he idolized and considered his muse. Tyutchev's personal life was the subject of secular jokes and gossip, so ...
- Konstantin Simonov is rightfully considered a front-line poet, since the vast majority of his works are devoted to the events of the Great Patriotic War. This is not surprising, since he went to the front in ...
- AI SOLZHENITSYN ONE DAY OF IVAN DENISOVICH June 23, 1941, on the second day after the start of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Denisovich, the hero of the story, went to the front. The peasant left the village...
- This lyrical miniature is the first of numerous poems in which Nekrasov turns to the Muse, defining the purpose of the poet and poetry. The work is filled with contrasts and antitheses. The action of the poem takes place on the outskirts of that time ...
- Plan 1. The long-awaited winter. 2. White snow. 3. Winter day - a revived fairy tale. 4. Frost and sun. 5. Sledding. 6. Trees in the snow. 7. Beauty winter. In the snow...
- But... they think in vain that memory does not value itself, That the duckweed of time will drag out Any true story, Any pain... A. T. Tvardovsky From early childhood, I remember the solemn parades that were shown on ...
- Time and personality - this is the theme stated in the very title of the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" (1959) and gaining genuine philosophical depth under Solzhenitsyn's pen. It's about the sacrifice of the all-consuming...
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov is known not only as an outstanding scientist, but also as a talented writer and poet who made a great contribution to Russian literature. One of his famous works is "Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747." We offer brief analysis"Ode on the Accession of Elizabeth to the Throne" according to a plan that will help in preparing for a lesson in literature in grade 8.
Brief analysis
History of creation- The poem was written in 1747.
Theme of the poem- Glorification of the great achievements of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.
Composition- The composition conditionally consists of three parts: in the first part the monarch is glorified, in the second - the riches and opportunities of Russia are described, in the third part laudatory words are again raised to the wise ruler.
Genre- Oh yeah.
Poetic size– Iambic tetrameter using cross, adjacent and encircling rhymes.
Metaphors – « give ... mind fruit.
epithets – « generous”, “earthly”, “great”, “deep”, “cruel”.
Comparisons – « the soul of her marshmallow is quieter”, “the sight is more beautiful than paradise”.
Avatars – « whirlwinds, do not dare to roar”, “Mars was afraid”.
Hyperbola – « through mountains, rivers and seas.
Slavisms – « city”, “daughter”, “vyya”, “behold”.
History of creation
"Ode on the day of the ascension ..." was written by Mikhail Vasilyevich in 1747, on the sixth anniversary of significant event- Accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna. In his work, he noted the positive aspects of the reign of the new empress, who continued the good undertakings of Peter I.
Elizabeth came to grips with the restructuring of the Academy of Sciences: she approved a new staff and a new decree, doubled the funds needed for the needs of the academy, and supported science and Russian scientists in every possible way.
In the same period, the issue of Russia's possible entry into a new war was very urgent. The coalition of Austria, Holland and England offered the Russian government to take part in the war against France and the German states for the right to receive the Austrian inheritance.
In his work, Lomonosov not only glorifies Elizabeth for her desire to bring Russia to a new level in the matter of education, but also warns against entering the war, insisting on a peaceful program for the development of the state.
Subject
The central theme of the work is the glorification of the great deeds of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, who, according to the author, chose the right course in governing the Russian state.
The main idea of the work is duty to one's Fatherland, serving which is the highest reward and honor for every person, whether it be a simple worker or a monarch.
In fact, the ode is a message addressed not only to the empress, but also to the contemporaries and descendants of the poet. He passionately dreams of the prosperity and well-being of Russia, its spiritual development, life in peacetime, without wars and hardships.
Composition
The composition of the work fully complies with the basic rules for constructing an ode and consists of three conditional parts, logically related to each other.
In the first part of the poem, the poet expresses his delight and praises the empress, her services to the fatherland. He also glorifies the past achievements of the state and its rulers, with special admiration recalls Peter I and his famous reforms. According to the author, it was from him that Elizabeth took over the baton of great deeds.
In the second part, the poet smoothly retreats from the personality of the ruler and focuses on the majestic image of Russia, with its endless expanses, inexhaustible natural wealth and huge creative and spiritual potential. He sees the strengthening and enrichment of the state in the development of sciences, and the future of the country - in educated, enlightened young people.
The final part of the work again glorifies the monarch for his deeds aimed at the good of the fatherland.
Genre
The work is written in the ode genre, which was Lomonosov's favorite literary genre. This is a solemn work designed to glorify a significant person or an important event, and Mikhail Vasilyevich had no equal in the skill of writing odes.
The poetic size of the work is iambic tetrameter, also Lomonosov's favorite size. He used it with great skill, giving the poem a special solemnity, sonority and musicality.
Rhyming in this work also deserves special attention. The first four lines are characterized by cross rhymes, followed by 2 lines with adjacent rhymes, and encircling rhymes complete the poem.
means of expression
The product is amazingly versatile. artistic means, with the help of which the ode acquires a solemn, high style. Among them comparisons(“the soul of her marshmallow is quieter”, “the sight is more beautiful than paradise”), personifications("Whirlwinds, do not dare to roar", "Mars was afraid"), hyperbole("through mountains, rivers and seas"), Slavicisms(“hail”, “daughter”, “vyya”, “behold”), metaphors(“Submit ... mind fruit”).
A special place is occupied by incredibly colorful and imaginative epithets: "generous", "earthly", "great", "deep", "cruel".
Thanks to the skillful use of expressive means, the author manages to fully reveal his creative intent.
"Ode on the day of the ascension ..." was written by M. V. Lomonosov after August 13, 1747, when Empress Elizaveta Petrovna approved the new charter and staff of the Academy of Sciences, doubling the appropriations for its needs. Here the poet glorifies the world, fearing new war: Austria, England and Holland, then fighting with France and Prussia for the Austrian inheritance, drew Russia into the European fight, demanding that Russian troops be sent to the banks of the Rhine. In this ode, the poet glorifies Elizabeth and "silence", outlining the program for the peaceful development of the country, where he gives the first place to the promotion of science and knowledge.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov. Ode to the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Elizabeth Petrovna. Reading Arseny Zamostyanov
The joy of kings and kingdoms of the earth,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the fence of the city,
If you are useful and red!
Flowers bloom around you
And the classes in the fields turn yellow;
Treasure ships are full
Dare in the sea for you;
You pour with a generous hand
Your wealth on earth.
Great light of the world
Shining from the eternal height
For beads, gold and purple,
To all earthly beauties,
He raises his gaze to all countries,
But more beautiful in the world does not find
Elizabeth and you.
You, besides that, are above everything;
The soul of her marshmallow is quieter,
And the sight is more beautiful than paradise.
When she took the throne
As the highest gave her a crown,
I returned you to Russia
The war was put to an end;
I kissed you when I accepted you:
I'm full of those victories, she said
For whom blood is flowing.
I enjoy Russian happiness,
I do not change their calmness
To the west and east.
Befitting to divine lips,
Monarchine, this meek voice:
Oh how worthily exalted
This day and that blessed hour,
When from a joyful change
Petrovs raised walls
Up to the stars splash and click!
When you carried the cross with your hand
And brought with her to the throne
The kindness of your beautiful face!
To equal the word with them,
The abundance of our strength is small;
But we can't resist
From singing your praises.
Your bounties are encouraging
Our spirit is directed to run,
Like a capable wind in a swimmer's pont
Through the ravines breaks the waves;
He leaves the beach with joy;
Feed flies between the water depths.
Mars feared in the bloody fields
Your sword in Petrov's hands in vain,
And Neptune wondered with trepidation,
Looking at the Russian flag.
In the walls suddenly fortified
And surrounded by buildings
Doubtful Neva ad:
"Or have I now forgotten
And leaned from that path
Which before I flowed?
Then divine sciences,
Through mountains, rivers and seas
They stretched out their hands to Russia,
To this monarch, saying:
“We are prepared with the utmost care
File in the Russian genus new
The fruits of the purest mind.
The monarch calls them to himself,
Russia is already waiting
It's good to see their work.
But oh, cruel fate!
Immortality worthy husband,
Our happiness is the reason
To the unbearable sorrow of our souls
Jealously rejected by fate,
He plunged us into deep weeping!
Inspiring our sobs to our ears,
The tops of Parnassus groaned,
And the muses cried out
Into the heavenly door is the most radiant spirit.
In a lot of righteous sadness
Doubtful their confused way;
And just marching wished
Look at the coffin and the deeds.
But meek Catherine,
Joy for Petra is one,
He accepts them with a generous hand.
Oh, if only her life had lasted,
Long ago Sequana would be ashamed
With your art before the Neva!
What lightness surrounds
In much grief Parnassus?
Oh, if according to there rattling
Pleasant strings, sweetest voice!
All hills are covered with faces;
Cliques are heard in the valleys:
Great Peter's daughter
Father's generosity exceeds,
The contentment of the Muses exacerbates
And luckily he opens the door.
Worthy of great praise
When the number of their victories
A warrior can compare battles
And in the field he lives all his life;
But the warriors are subject to him,
His praises are always involved,
And the noise in the shelves from all sides
Sounding glory drowns out
And it interferes with the thunder of pipes
The lamentable groan of the vanquished.
This is the only glory to you,
monarch, belongs to,
Your spacious state
Oh how thank you!
Look at the high mountains
Look into your wide fields,
Where is the Volga, the Dnieper, where the Ob flows;
Wealth, hidden in them,
Science will frankly
What blooms with your generosity.
So much land space
When the Almighty ordered
To you in a happy allegiance,
Then the treasures opened
Of what India boasts;
But Russia demands
By the art of approved hands.
This gold will cleanse the vein;
Stones will also feel the power
the sciences restored by you.
Although the everlasting snows
The northern country is covered,
Where frozen Boreas wings
Your banners fly;
But God is between the icy mountains
Great for its miracles:
There Lena is a pure rapid,
Like the Nile, the nations will get drunk
And bregi finally loses
As wide as the sea.
Kohl many mortals are unknown
Nature works wonders
Where the animals are crowded with density
There are deep forests
Where in the luxury of cool shadows
In the flock of galloping deer
Catch the cry did not disperse;
Where the hunter did not mark with a bow;
With the ax farmer's thud
Singing birds did not frighten.
Wide open field
Where muses stretch their way!
Your generous will
What can we give for this?
We will glorify your gift to heaven
And we will put a sign of your generosity,
Where is the sun rising and where is Cupid
Spinning in the green shores
Wishing to come back
To your state from Manzhur.
Behold the gloomy eternity
Hope opens up to us!
Where there are no rules, no law,
Wisdom tamo builds the temple;
Ignorance pales before her.
There, the wet fleet's path turns white,
And the sea tries to yield:
Russian Columbus through the waters
Hurries to unknown peoples
To proclaim your bounties.
There, the darkness of the islands is sown,
The river is like the ocean;
Heavenly blue robes
The peacock is put to shame by the Raven.
There are clouds of different birds flying,
What is variegated exceed
Tender spring clothes;
Eating in fragrant groves
And swimming in pleasant jets,
They do not know the severity of winter.
And now Minerva strikes
In the tops of Riphean with a copy
Lomonosov and Russian classicism. Lomonosov was the founder of Russian literary classicism, which cannot be considered a national version of European classicism. This is the natural result of all the previous development of Russian literature. Classicism - method and direction in literature XVII - early XIX century, using the ancient heritage as the norm and model.
The main theme of classicism is the conflict of public and personal interests, duty and feelings. Classicism strove to express great social content, sublime heroic and moral ideals, logical, clear and harmonious images. The doctrine of the "three calms". Lomonosov was the most prominent Russian poet of the 18th century. Poetry attracted Lomonosov even during his studies at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, where he studied Greek and latin languages on samples of ancient poetry.
In 1758, Lomonosov created the doctrine of "three calms", which became an authoritative work for Russian writers for many decades. Lomonosov divides the vocabulary (vocabulary) of the Russian language into three categories and, in accordance with this, distinguishes three styles: high, medium and low.
Each "calm" is represented by its own genres: high "calm" befits to write tragedies, odes, heroic poems; middle should write dramas, friendly letters, elegies; and low - comedies, songs, fables, epigrams. “Just as the matters that are depicted by the human word differ according to their different importance, so the Russian language, through the use of church books, according to decency, has different 42 Degrees: high, mediocre and low.
This comes from three kinds of sayings of the Russian language. The first are due, which are commonly used among the ancient Slavs and now among Russians, for example: god, glory, hand, now, I read. They belong to the second, which, although they are rarely used in general, and especially in conversations, are intelligible to all literate people, for example: I open, Lord, planted, I cry.
Uncommon and very dilapidated are turned off from here, ryasny, ovogda, sven and the like. The third kind includes those that are not in the remains of the Slavic language, that is, in church books, for example: I say, a stream, which, so far, is only. Contemptible words are excluded from here, which are obscene to use in any calm, as soon as in vile comedies.
From the judicious use and analysis of these three types of speech, three styles are born: high, mediocre and low. The first is made up of Slavic Russian sayings, that is, common in both dialects, and from Slavonic, intelligible to Russians and not very dilapidated. Heroic poems, odes, prosaic speeches about important matters should be compiled with this calmness, by which they rise from ordinary simplicity to important magnificence. With this calm, the Russian language prevails over many current European ones, using the Slavonic language from church books. The middle calm should consist of sayings that are more common in the Russian language, where you can take some Slavonic sayings, used in a high calm, but with great care so that the syllable does not seem inflated.
In the same way, you can use low words in it, but beware so as not to sink into meanness. And, in a word, in this calm one should observe all kinds of equality, which is especially lost when the Slavic saying is put next to the Russian common people. With this calmness to write all theatrical compositions in which ordinary human word to a live performance of the action. However, the first kind of calm may also have a place in them where it is necessary to depict heroism and lofty thoughts; in tenderness, one should move away from that. Poetic friendly letters, satires, eclogues and elegies of this calm should no longer be held.
In prose, it is fitting to offer them descriptions of memorable deeds and noble teachings. The low calm accepts speeches of the third kind, that is, which are not in the Slavic dialect, mixing with the middle ones, and from the Slavic ones that are not commonly used at all due to decency of matters, what are the essence of comedies, amusing epigrams, songs, friendly letters in prose, descriptions of ordinary affairs. Folkish low words can have a place in them by consideration. But all of this, a detailed testimony is necessary before the instructions on the purity of the Russian calm.
How much in high poetry abbreviated thoughts serve as one Slavic speech, as participles and participles, uncommon in ordinary Russian, then everyone can feel who has tested his strength in composing poetry. This is our benefit that we have acquired wealth from church books for a strong depiction of important and lofty ideas, although great, we still find other benefits that many languages \u200b\u200bare deprived of, and this, firstly, is in place.
(Foreword on the benefits of church books, Collection of various works in verse and prose by Mr. Collegiate Counselor and Professor Mikhail Lomonosov, Moscow University, 1757) odes, elegies, imitations ancient lyrics, fables, light poetry. The metric structure, the rhythm of Lomonosov's poetry was richer than that of his predecessor poets, for example, V. K. Trediakovsky, because Lomonosov took into account the mobility of stress in the Russian language, and therefore his verse became more mobile.
The simple lyrics of Lomonosov were distinguished by their plasticity and use spoken language, so his poems could become a song, like, on - 44 Example, the poem "The sky was covered with darkness at night ...". The main tone of Lomonosov's lyrics is solemn, majestic, well suited for expressing its main themes and ideas. These are the themes of the greatness and power of Russia, the grandeur of the transformations and reforms of the post-Petrine era, moral life, and most importantly for Lomonosov - faith in enlightenment, reason and science. Varieties of the ode genre in Lomonosov's poetry.
Lomonosov's favorite genre of poetry is ode. Oda - genre lyric poetry, a solemn glorifying work dedicated to some significant person or event. This genre combines lyrics and journalism, is not just a literary text, but a kind of ritual. Lomonosov wrote odes of two types: Laudatory odes; Spiritual odes. The first are addressed outside world, events of public life, the latter are addressed to inner experiences and human thinking. Laudatory odes were composed for the solemn occasions of the life of the imperial court, they praised the monarch, lavished praise on the magnificence of the royal power and its environment, but at the same time they taught the rulers, pointed out to them the ideals of the pious and wise government for the benefit of Russia. The commendable odes also include "Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna of 1747."
Spiritual odes were in the nature of deep reflection, the spirit of the author in them soared to the heights of the universe, they combined religiosity and philosophy. Therefore, in spiritual odes one can find verses that delight with their grandiosity: The day hides its face; The fields were covered with gloomy night; A black shadow ascended the mountains; The rays from us leaned away; The abyss of stars has opened up full; The stars have no number, the abyss of the bottom. A grain of sand is like in sea waves, how small a spark is in eternal ice. Like thin dust in a strong whirlwind, In a fire as fierce as a feather. So I, deepened in this abyss. I'm lost, I'm tired of thoughts!
The lips of the wise say to us: There are many different lights; Countless suns burn there. The peoples there and the circle of centuries: For the common glory of the deity There is equal the power of nature. But where, nature, is your law? Dawn rises from midnight countries! Doesn't the sun set its throne there? Do not the ice-folk stir up the fire of the sea?
This cold flame covered us! Behold, the day has entered the night on earth! O you, whom the quick vision Pierces into the book of eternal rights. By which the small sign of things Is the charter of nature. You know the path of all the planets, - Tell me, what is it that worries us so much?
What does the ray of clear night vibrate? What thin flame strikes into the firmament? Like lightning without menacing clouds Strives from the earth to the zenith? How can it be that frozen steam in the middle of winter gives rise to a fire? There argues oily haze with water; Or the rays of the sun shine, Bending through the thick air towards us; Or the tops of fat mountains are burning; Or the marshmallow stopped blowing into the sea, And smooth waves beat into the ether. Your answer is full of doubts About what is around nearby places.
Tell me, how vast is the light? And what about the smallest distant stars? The ignorant creatures are the end of you? Tell me, how great is the creator? (“Evening rave about the Majesty of God…”) The ideological and thematic content of the ode “On the day of the ascension…”. The most significant laudatory ode of Lomonosov is "Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747".
In it, the poet, glorifying the empress and her deeds, expresses lofty patriotic ideas, and also calls the youth to the sciences. When reading the work, the tone of the poet who writes a laudatory ode to the empress, the pride that sounds in him, attracts attention. It would seem that the odographer should flatter the imperious autocrat, glorify her and lavish the magnificent praises laid down by etiquette. However, Lomonosov, paying due tribute to the law of the genre, although he exalts the empress, comparing it with the sun - "the great luminary of the world", credits the empress with specific deeds and deeds. Lomonosov thanks Elizaveta Petrovna for peace, for "putting an end to the war", for the fact that she cares about the happiness of her subjects, looks after the interests of Russia: I delight in Russian happiness, I do not change their calmness For the whole west and east.
The ode was written on the day of the sixth anniversary of the reign of the Empress. In the ode, Lomonosov notes the positive achievements of the reign of Elizabeth, continuing the glorious undertakings of Peter I. The poet and scientist is especially grateful for the support of science and Russian scientists: Here in the world, Elizabeth deigned to expand science ... The ode ends with an address to the students of the St. Petersburg Academy, present and future. These expressions are so perfect in form and important in content that they have become winged. Every Russian has heard the phrase "science nourishes young men." And, of course, a statement imbued with a sense of national dignity and faith in the future: Dare now encouraged by your Racheny show.
That the Russian land can give birth to its own Platons And fast minds of Newtons. Artistic features of the ode "On the day of the ascension ...". The main features of the language and style of the work are: Allegorical, unclear comparisons, descriptions. For example, "The Builder of the World" ... "Sent a Man to Russia, / What was unheard of from time immemorial." Lomonosov here speaks of the birth of the future Emperor Peter I; Complex and archaic syntax, the structure of a poetic phrase.
Here the poet turns to the monarch of science: With the utmost diligence, we are ready to Serve new fruits of the purest mind in the Russian genus. The meaning of this phrase is extremely simple: Russian science capable of making new discoveries; - outdated vocabulary: you have to guess about the meaning of some words and their use. In some cases, the context helps, that is, the verbal environment of obscure words: for example, the epithet in the combination “doubtful Neva” means “chained by the built banks”.
In other cases, the reader will learn the meaning through the words with the same root. So, in the phrase “to show your care” the outdated word “care” is easily understood both from the context and with the help of the adjective “zealous”, that is, diligent. Thus, Lomonosov's ode fully corresponds to the author's theory of three "calms" in relation to the choice of genre and nature of poetic speech. Lyrical hero of Lomonosov's poetry. “The emotional upsurge of Lomonosov’s odes is compositionally centered around the theme of the lyrical delight of the poet himself.
This poet, present in all Lomonosov's odes, is not Lomonosov himself. His image is devoid of specific individual human traits. This is, as it were, the spirit of poetry, the spirit of the state and the people, expressed in verse and, of course, not in verse of the chamber style. Earthly objects cannot stand before the gaze of this poet, who soared in spirit to the superhuman greatness of the history of the people; everything appears to him enlarged, elevated to the dignity of the divine. Specific objects, themes, feelings, even concepts appear as allegories, generalized to the limit ... Sometimes Lomonosov breaks the thematic movement of the ode, making the transition from picture to picture with self-descriptions of lyrical delight ... ".
Creativity Lomonosov in the assessment of critics and literary critics. “Our literature begins with Lomonosov; he was her father and tutor; he was her Peter the Great. Is it necessary to say that he was a great man and marked by the seal of a genius? All this is undeniable truth. Is it necessary to prove that he gave a direction, albeit a temporary one, to our language and our literature?
Share your opinion
