Basic terms and dates for the course History ancient world.

Grade 5

Chapter 1.

Terms.

1. Primitive people- people who lived before the advent of writing, the first states.

2.Hunting, fishing, gathering- occupations of primitive people.

3.Religion - belief in gods, supernatural powers.

4 . tribal community- people related by blood.

5. Neighborhood community-a group of people who are not related by family ties.

Dates.

2 million years BC- the emergence of ancient people.

40 thousand years BC- the emergence of a reasonable (modern) person.

Chapter 2

Terms

Tribe - union of several tribal communities. The tribe was ruled by a council of elders.

Artisan - a person who is engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics, etc.

The leader is the head of the tribe.

Know - the richest people in the tribe.

Tsar -ruler of a state

Dates

10 thousand years BC -the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry. Agriculture arose from gathering, and cattle breeding from hunting.

9 thousand years BC -metalworking appeared. The first metal is copper.

Chapter 4. Ancient Egypt.

Terms.

1. State It is the organization of the power of one class over another.

2.Egypt - a country that is located on the banks of the Nile River from the first threshold to the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt is located in northeast Africa.

3. Pharaoh is the king of Egypt.

4. Noble - royal adviser

5.Tax - payment to the state treasury, a significant part of the crop or livestock offspring.

6.Bronze - an alloy of copper and tin. The Egyptians had bronze weapons.

7. Slave - A man who has lost his freedom.

8. Priests - servants of the gods.

9. Ra, Osiris, Isis, Set, Horus, Thoththe gods of ancient Egypt.

10. Pyramid - Pharaoh's tomb. The tallest pyramid of Cheops.

11.Hieroglyphs the writing system of the ancient Egyptians.

12. Papyrus writing material in ancient Egypt.

Dates.

5 thousand years BC- the emergence of writing and the first states.

3 thousand years BCunification of Egypt. The capital (main city) of Egypt is Memphis.

1500 BC . Thutmose's conquests

Chapter 5

Terms.

1. Mesopotamia - the area between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

2. Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Babylon -cities of ancient Mesopotamia.

3. Shamash, Sin, Ishtar- Gods of Ancient Mesopotamia.

4. Cuneiform - Writing of the Ancient Mesopotamia.

5. Laws - the rules set by the ruler.

6. Phoenicia - a state on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

7. Byblos, Tire, Sidoncity ​​of Phoenicia.

8.Colony - settling outside the home country.

9.Alphabet writing in Phoenicia. Was invented 3000 BC.

10. Nomads - Tribes that do not have permanent settlements.

11. Joseph, Moses, David, Samson, Saul- heroes whose deeds are described in the Bible (holy book).

12.Assyria - power in the upper reaches of the Tigris.

13. State - big and strong state.

14. Persia - a state in Western Asia, near the Persian Gulf.

Dates.

1792-1750 BC -reign of Hammurabi

10th century BC Jerusalem became the capital of the Jewish kingdom.

10th century BC - the Assyrians learnedprocess iron.

8th-7th century BC .- The Assyrians conquered Babylon, Byblos, Tire, Sidon and part of Palestine.

612 BC- Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, was captured.

538 BC - Babylon conquered by the Persians

525 BC . Persians conquered Egypt

Chapter 6. Ancient India and Ancient China.

Terms.

1.India - country in South Asia.

2. Indus and Ganges - the rivers of India.

3.Jungle - impenetrable forests in India.

4. Caste A group of people with certain rights and obligations.

5. Brahman - a priest who belonged to the highest caste in ancient India

6. Buddhism - a world religion that arose in the 5th century BC in India. Founder Buddha.

7.China is a country in East Asia.

8. Confucius - An ancient Chinese sage.

9. Celestial - This is how the Chinese call their country.

10. Bamboo writing material in ancient China.

11. Silk, gunpowder, compass, paper- the great inventions of the Chinese.

Dates.

3rd century BC- Ashoka unified the Indian kingdoms.

221 BC- Qin Shi Huang became the first and only ruler of China.

Chapter 7. Ancient Greece.

Terms

1.Greece - country in the south of the Balkan Peninsula.

2. Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos- Ancient Greek cities.

3. Crete - an island in the Mediterranean.

4. Theseus - ancient Greek herodefeated the Minotaur (a monster that lived in the Labyrinth in Crete).

5. Minos - the king of Crete.

6. Knossos - the capital of the Cretan Empire.

7. Troy a city in Asia Minor.

8.Homer - Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

9. Achilles, Odysseus, Menelaus - heroes, fought during the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks.

10. Paris, Hector, Priam- heroes, fought during the Trojan War on the side of the Trojans.

11. Ancient Greek gods:

a) Zeus thunder god, king of gods and people.

b) Poseidon is the god of the sea.

c) Hades -god of the underworld

d) Aphrodite - goddess of love, beauty.

e) Artemis is the goddess of the hunt.

e) Apollo - god of music and arts.

g) Athena- goddess of wisdom, just war.

h) Ares - god of war

i) Hephaestus - the blacksmith god

j) Demeter - goddess of agriculture

l) Dionysus - the god of winemaking

m) Hermes - the god of trade

12. Odysseus, Penelope, Telemachus, Polyphemus -heroes of the Odyssey.

Dates.

1500 BC- Volcanic eruption, death of the Cretan Empire.

1200 - 1210 BC - Trojan War.

Chapter 8 Policies Ancient Greece.

Terms.

1.Policy - an independent city-state in ancient Greece.

2. Attica - an area in Central Greece. Center of Attica - Athens.

3. Areopagus - the advice of the nobility in ancient Greece.

4. Archon ruler in Athens.

5.Dragon - archon, famous for cruel "draconian" laws.

6. Solon - archon-legislator. He abolished debt slavery. The Greek could not be a slave. Both a rich and a poor Greek could become an archon.

7.Demos common people in ancient Greece.

8.Democracy - power of the common people.

9.Citizens - Free Athenians.

10. People's Assembly -meetings of citizens of the state to discuss public affairs, to issue laws, to elect officials.

11. Laconia a region in southern Greece. The center of Laconia is Sparta.

12.Helots - Slaves in Ancient Sparta. Helots are inhabitants of the region of Messenia.

13. Pirates - sea robbers.

14. Scythians - tribes living on the Black Sea coast.

14. Olbia, Chersonese, Pantikopey -Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast.

15. Hellas - so the Greeks called their country.

16. Athlete - Olympic Games participant

17. Hippodrome - a place for equestrian competitions.

18. Phalanx - build in close rows in ancient Greece.

19. Strategist military leader in ancient Greece.

20. Miltiades, Themistocles- strategists in the period of the Greco-Persian troops.

21. Darius, Xerxes - Persian kings during the Greco-Persian period.

22. Trier - warship of the ancient Greeks.

22. Leonid - legendary spartan king, a participant in the battle in the Thermopylae Gorge.

23. Aeschylus - Ancient Greek poet, participant in the Battle of Salamis.

Dates.

8th century BC -invention of the Greek alphabet.

594 BC- Solon was elected archon.

776 BC - first Olympic Games.

490 BC- Battle of Marathon. The Persian troops were commanded by Darius.

480 BC- Battle of Thermopylae Gorge, Battle of Salamis. The Persian troops were commanded by Xerxes.

Chapter 9

Terms.

1. Piraeus- the main port of Athens.

2.Duty - the payment that foreign merchants gave for the right to trade in Athens.

3. Freedman- a slave who received freedom.

4.Ceramic - the area of ​​pottery workshops in Athens.

5. Agora - the main square of Athens, where the Council of Five Hundred met daily.

foreign law

6. Acropolis - a hill with steep and steep slopes in Athens. On the Acropolis was Parthenon (temple of goddess Athena)) .

7. Phidias, Milo, Polykleitos- the great ancient Greek sculptors.

8. Teacher - a slave who was engaged in raising children in ancient Greece.

9.Style - a stick for writing.

10 . Palestra, gymnasium- types of schools in Ancient Greece.

11. Theater - a place for entertainment.

12. Orchestra - a round or semicircular platform where actors and a choir performed.

13. Skene - a building adjacent to the orchestra.

14. Sophocles, Aristophanes- Ancient Greek playwrights (creators of scenarios for theatrical performances). Sophocles invented tragedy, and Aristophanes - comedy.

15. Pericles - the leader of the Athenian demos, who for several decades served as the first strategist. The first strategist resolved issues of war and peace, led the army and navy. Strategists were elected for a period of one year.

16. Speaker - a person who knows how to make speeches, to convince listeners.

17. Reforms of Pericles: 1.introduction of payment to officials;

2. Creation of a special fund for distributing money to needy citizens to visit the theatre; 3.construction of public buildings, which gave work to many citizens.)

Dates:

443-428 Pericles was elected the first strategist in Athens.

Chapter 10

Terms:

1. Macedonia - small Mountain country in Northern Greece.

2.Philip, Alexander- kings of Macedonia.

3. Aristotle - Ancient Greek scientist, teacher of Alexander the Great.

4. Demosthenes - an ancient Greek orator who was able to convince part of the policies to unite against Macedonia.

5.Parmenion - Macedonian commander, friend of Alexander.

6. Darius the Third - Persian king, opponent of Alexander.

7. Mediterranean -a common name for countries located along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

8. Alexandria - city ​​on the island of Pharos, founded by Alexander. One of the Wonders of the World, the Faros lighthouse, was built in the city.

Dates:

338 BC- Battle of Chaeronea. The victory of Macedonia, the defeat of the forces of the Greek policies.

Campaign of Alexander the Great to the East.

date (BC.)	Events	Result
	Battle of the Granicus	Opened the way to Asia Minor, to the Greek cities under Persian rule
	Battle of Issus	Part of the Persian army was destroyed, Syria, Phoenicia and Egypt were cut off from the power of Darius III
	Siege and capture of Tyre	Subordinate Mediterranean basin
332-331	Subjugation of Egypt	Supply of food to Greece and other regions of the Macedonian state was provided
	Battle of Gaugamela	The military forces of Darius III are completely broken.
	War in Bactria and Sogdia	The last pockets of resistance in Persia are crushed
	War in India. Battle with Porus at the Hydaspes.	Extreme exhaustion of the forces of the Macedonian army
	Death of Alexander the Great	The beginning of the collapse of the power created in the process of conquest - the empire of Alexander the Great.

Chapter 11

Terms.

1. Rome - city ​​on the river Tiber, in Italy. Built on seven hills. The most famous are the Palatine and the Capitol.

2. Italy - country on the Apennine Peninsula.

3.Latins - a tribe that lived along the banks of the Tiber.

4. Numitor, Amulius, Rhea Sylvia -legendary heroes of the Latin tribe.

5. Romulus and Remus - Founders of Rome.

6. Vestal - priestess of the goddess of the hearth (Vesta).

7. Lictors - the protection of the ancient Roman king.

8.Patricians - residents of Rome, descendants of its ancient inhabitants.

9. Plebeians - residents of Rome, immigrants from other conquered regions of Italy.

10.Consuls - two rulers in the Roman Republic, elected for a period of one year. The consul could become a patrician, and later a plebeian. The position was not paid, so only the rich were able to take it.

11. People's tribune- an official elected from among the plebeians. Had veto (prohibition), which allowed to cancel the decision of the consul or the Senate.

12. Senate - one of the highest state authorities in ancient Rome. He was in charge of the treasury, developed plans for warfare, negotiated with other states. Consuls became senators (out of 300) after a year of service.

13. Legion - basic organizational unit in the army ancient rome. One legion = 4500 - 5000 warriors.

14. Legionnaire - warrior-landowner in ancient Rome.

Dates.

753 BC- Founding of Rome.

509 BC- Rome became a republic.

390 BC -Gauls invasion of Rome.

326 BC -the abolition of debt slavery in ancient Rome.

280 BC- King Pyrrhus landed in Italy with his troops.

Chapter 12 Rome is the strongest power in the Mediterranean.

Terms:

1. Carthage - the richest city-state in North Africa, a rival of ancient Rome.

2. Poons - the name of the inhabitants of Carthage.

3. Punic Wars- the wars of Rome with Carthage (there were three of them). Outcome: victory for Rome.

4. Hannibal - commander of the Carthaginian forces during the second (Punic) war.

5. Scipio - Roman general during the second (Punic) war.

6. Tiara - headdress, a sign of royal power.

7. Emperor - Commander-in-Chief.

8. Triumph - ceremonial entry into Rome of the victorious commander

9. Cato - senator in ancient Rome, famous for the phrase "Carfhagen must be destroyed."

10.Province - the area conquered by ancient Rome.

11. Estate - the land of a rich man.

12. Gladiator - a strong and agile slave who was trained to fight for the amusement of the public.gladiatorial games- a favorite sight of the Romans.

13. Amphitheater - a special building for gladiatorial games.

Dates:

218-201 BC -Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage.

216 BC- Battle of Cannae.

202 BC - battle of Zama.

146 BC- Destroyed and destroyed Carthage and Corinth.

Chapter 13

1. Civil War -war between citizens of the same state.

2. Tiberius Gracchus - People's tribune in ancient Rome, the author of the land law.

3.Spartacus a slave gladiator who led a slave uprising.

4. Capua - the region in Italy where the Spartacus uprising began.

5. Crassus, Pompey, Lucullus -generals of ancient Rome who fought with the army of Spartacus.

6. Gaius Julius Caesar - dictator, great commander of Ancient Rome.

7.Veterans - old soldiers in ancient Rome who completed their service.

8. Dictator - a ruler who has unlimited power and is not obliged to account for his actions to anyone.

9. Mark Antony, Octavian August -Roman generals who participated in the struggle for power after the death of Gaius Julius Caesar.

10. Cleopatra - ruler of Egypt.

11. Praetorians - the personal guard of the emperor in the Roman Empire.

12. Empire - big and strong state.

Dates:

133 BC -land law of Tiberius Gracchus. By law, no family in Rome should use more than a thousand yugers of land.

74-71 BC- The uprising of Spartacus.

49 BC- Caesar conquers Rome.

31 BC - naval battle at Cape Shares.

30 BC- completion civil wars in Rome. Rome became an empire.

30 - 14 BC -reign of Octavian Augustus.

Chapter 14 Roman Empire in the first centuries of our era.

1. Germans - tribes that lived along the banks of the Rhine River. The Germans were enemies of the Roman Empire.

2.Donar (One) - the main god of the Germanic tribes.

3. Slavs the tribes that inhabited large space Europe. Slavs are the ancestors of the Russian, Ukrainian and some other peoples.

4. Venedi - the Romans called the Slavs by this name.

5. Tacitus - ancient Roman historian.

6. Nero - Ancient Roman emperor, ruled in the 1st century AD. Known for burning down Rome.

7.Jesus Christ - the founder of Christianity, one of the world's religions.

8.Gospel (Greek good news)- a description of the life of Jesus Christ.

9.Paul, Peter, Judas -apostles (disciples) of Jesus Christ.

10.Columns - farmers who took land for cultivation for several years.

11. Paris, Vienna, London, Colognecities founded by the Romans.

12. Forum - square in Rome.

13. Colosseum - the famous amphitheater in ancient Rome.

14. Pantheon Temple of all gods in Ancient Rome.

15.Therms - baths in ancient Rome.

Dates:

98 -117 ADreign of Emperor Trajan in Rome.

70 AD e. - Destruction of Jerusalem.

79 AD uh - the death of the city of Pompeii due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

Chapter 15 The defeat of Rome by the Germans and the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

1. Barbarians - this name the Romans called all the tribes that lived outside the Roman Empire.

2.Konstantin an ancient Roman emperor who ruled 4th century AD.

3. Bishop is the chief priest in the city.

4.Constantinople- a city founded by Emperor Constantine on the shores of the Bosphorus Strait.

5. Goths, vandals - Germanic tribes.

6. Alaric - the leader of the tribe is ready.

7. Stilicho - Roman military leader, vandal by origin.

Dates:

313 AD - Constantine issued a decree allowing Christians to build churches and openly pray.

330 AD - Constantinople, instead of Rome, became the capital of the Roman Empire.

395 AD The empire was divided into the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire.

410 AD - Rome is captured by the Goths.

455 AD Rome has been taken over by the Vandals.

476 AD - The Western Roman Empire ceased to exist.

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Basic terms and dates for the course History of the Ancient World.

Grade 5

Chapter 1.

Terms.

1. Primitive people - people who lived before the advent of writing, the first states.

2.Hunting, fishing, gathering - occupations of primitive people.

3.Religion - belief in gods, supernatural powers.

4 . tribal community- people related by blood.

5. Neighborhood community- a group of people who are not related by family ties.

Dates.

2 million years BC - the emergence of ancient people.

40 thousand years BC - the emergence of a reasonable (modern) person.

Chapter 2

Terms

Tribe - union of several tribal communities. The tribe was ruled by a council of elders.

Artisan - a person who is engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics, etc.

Leader - the head of the tribe.

Know - the richest people in the tribe.

Tsar -ruler of a state

Dates

10 thousand years BC - the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry. Agriculture arose from gathering, and cattle breeding from hunting.

9 thousand years BC - metalworking appeared. The first metal is copper.

Chapter 4. Ancient Egypt.

Terms.

1. State It is the organization of the power of one class over another.

2.Egypt - a country that is located on the banks of the Nile River from the first threshold to the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt is located in northeast Africa.

3. Pharaoh -King of Egypt.

4 .Noble - royal adviser

5.Tax - payment to the state treasury, a significant part of the crop or livestock offspring.

6.Bronze - an alloy of copper and tin. The Egyptians had bronze weapons.

7. Slave - A man who has lost his freedom.

8. Priests - servants of the gods.

9. Ra, Osiris, Isis, Set, Horus, Thoth the gods of ancient Egypt.

10. Pyramid - Pharaoh's tomb. The tallest pyramid of Cheops.

11.Hieroglyphs the writing system of the ancient Egyptians.

12. Papyrus writing material in ancient Egypt.

Dates.

5 thousand years BC - the emergence of writing and the first states.

3 thousand years BC unification of Egypt. The capital (main city) of Egypt is Memphis.

1500 BC . Thutmose's conquests

Chapter 5

Terms.

1. Mesopotamia - the area between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

2. Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Babylon - cities of ancient Mesopotamia.

3. Shamash, Sin, Ishtar - Gods of Ancient Mesopotamia.

4. Cuneiform - Writing of the Ancient Mesopotamia.

5. Laws - the rules set by the ruler.

6. Phoenicia - a state on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

7. Byblos, Tire, Sidon city ​​of Phoenicia.

8.Colony - settling outside the home country.

9.Alphabet writing in Phoenicia. Was invented 3000 BC.

10. Nomads - Tribes that do not have permanent settlements.

11. Joseph, Moses, David, Samson, Saul - heroes whose deeds are described in the Bible (holy book).

12.Assyria - power in the upper reaches of the Tigris.

13. State - big and strong state.

14. Persia - a state in Western Asia, near the Persian Gulf.

Dates.

1792-1750 BC - reign of Hammurabi

10th century BC Jerusalem became the capital of the Jewish kingdom.

10th century BC - the Assyrians learnedprocess iron.

8th-7th century BC .- The Assyrians conquered Babylon, Byblos, Tire, Sidon and part of Palestine.

612 BC- Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, was captured.

538 BC - Babylon conquered by the Persians

525 BC . Persians conquered Egypt

Chapter 6. Ancient India and Ancient China.

Terms.

1.India - country in South Asia.

2.Indus and Ganges - Rivers of India.

3.Jungle - impenetrable forests in India.

4. Caste A group of people with certain rights and obligations.

5. Brahman - a priest who belonged to the highest caste in ancient India

6. Buddhism - a world religion that arose in the 5th century BC in India. Founder Buddha.

7.China is a country in East Asia.

8. Confucius - An ancient Chinese sage.

9. Celestial - This is how the Chinese call their country.

10. Bamboo writing material in ancient China.

11. Silk, gunpowder, compass, paper - the great inventions of the Chinese.

Dates.

3rd century BC - Ashoka unified the Indian kingdoms.

221 BC - Qin Shi Huang became the first and only ruler of China.

Chapter 7. Ancient Greece.

Terms

1.Greece - country in the south of the Balkan Peninsula.

2. Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos - Ancient Greek cities.

3. Crete - an island in the Mediterranean.

4. Theseus - ancient Greek herodefeated the Minotaur (a monster that lived in the Labyrinth in Crete).

5. Minos - King of Crete.

6. Knossos - the capital of the Cretan Empire.

7. Troy a city in Asia Minor.

8.Homer - Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

9. Achilles, Odysseus, Menelaus - heroes,fought during the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks.

10. Paris, Hector, Priam - heroes,fought during the Trojan War on the side of the Trojans.

11. Ancient Greek gods:

a) Zeus thunder god, king of gods and people.

b) Poseidon - the god of the sea.

c) Hades -god of the underworld

d) Aphrodite - goddess of love, beauty.

e) Artemis - goddess of the hunt.

e) Apollo - god of music and arts.

g) Athena- goddess of wisdom, just war.

h) Ares - god of War

i) Hephaestus - blacksmith god

j) Demeter - goddess of agriculture

l) Dionysus - god of winemaking

m) Hermes - god of trade

12. Odysseus, Penelope, Telemachus, Polyphemus - heroes of the Odyssey.

Dates.

1500 BC - Volcanic eruption, death of the Cretan Empire.

1200 - 1210 BC - Trojan War.

Chapter 8. Policies of Ancient Greece.

Terms.

1.Policy - an independent city-state in ancient Greece.

2. Attica - an area in Central Greece. Center of Attica - Athens.

3. Areopagus - the advice of the nobility in ancient Greece.

4. Archon ruler in Athens.

5.Dragon - archon, famous for cruel "draconian" laws.

6. Solon - archon-legislator. He abolished debt slavery. The Greek could not be a slave. Both a rich and a poor Greek could become an archon.

7.Demos common people in ancient Greece.

8.Democracy - power of the common people.

9.Citizens - Free Athenians.

10. People's Assembly - meetings of citizens of the state to discuss public affairs, to issue laws, to elect officials.

11. Laconia a region in southern Greece. The center of Laconia is Sparta.

12.Helots - Slaves in Ancient Sparta. Helots are inhabitants of the region of Messenia.

13. Pirates - sea robbers.

14. Scythians - tribes living on the Black Sea coast.

14. Olbia, Chersonese, Pantikopey - Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast.

15. Hellas - so the Greeks called their country.

16. Athlete - Olympic Games participant

17. Hippodrome - a place for equestrian competitions.

18. Phalanx - build in close rows in ancient Greece.

19. Strategist military leader in ancient Greece.

20. Miltiades, Themistocles - strategists in the period of the Greco-Persian troops.

21. Darius, Xerxes - Persian kingsduring the Greco-Persian period.

22. Trier - warship of the ancient Greeks.

22. Leonid - the legendary Spartan king, a participant in the battle in the Thermopylae Gorge.

23. Aeschylus - Ancient Greek poet, participant in the Battle of Salamis.

Dates.

8th century BC - invention of the Greek alphabet.

594 BC - Solon was elected archon.

776 BC - first Olympic Games.

490 BC - Battle of Marathon. The Persian troops were commanded by Darius.

480 BC - Battle of Thermopylae Gorge, Battle of Salamis. The Persian troops were commanded by Xerxes.

Chapter 9

Terms.

1. Piraeus- the main port of Athens.

2.Duty - the payment that foreign merchants gave for the right to trade in Athens.

3. Freedman - a slave who received freedom.

4.Ceramic - the area of ​​pottery workshops in Athens.

5. Agora - the main square of Athens, where the Council of Five Hundred met daily.

foreign law

6. Acropolis - a hill with steep and steep slopes in Athens. On the Acropolis wasParthenon (temple of goddess Athena)) .

7. Phidias, Milo, Polykleitos - the great ancient Greek sculptors.

8. Teacher - a slave who was engaged in raising children in ancient Greece.

9.Style - a stick for writing.

10 . Palestra, gymnasium - types of schools in Ancient Greece.

11. Theater - a place for entertainment.

12. Orchestra - a round or semicircular platform where actors and a choir performed.

13. Skene - a building adjacent to the orchestra.

14. Sophocles, Aristophanes - Ancient Greek playwrights (creators of scenarios for theatrical performances). Sophocles invented tragedy, and Aristophanes - comedy.

15. Pericles - the leader of the Athenian demos, who for several decades served as the first strategist. The first strategist resolved issues of war and peace, led the army and navy. Strategists were elected for a period of one year.

16. Speaker - a person who knows how to make speeches, to convince listeners.

17. Reforms of Pericles: 1. introduction of payment to officials;

2. Creation of a special fund for distributing money to needy citizens to visit the theatre; 3.construction of public buildings, which gave work to many citizens.)

Dates:

443-428 Pericles was elected the first strategist in Athens.

Chapter 10

Terms:

1. Macedonia - a small mountainous country in Northern Greece.

2.Philip, Alexander - kings of Macedonia.

3. Aristotle - Ancient Greek scientist, teacher of Alexander the Great.

4. Demosthenes - an ancient Greek orator who was able to convince part of the policies to unite against Macedonia.

5.Parmenion - Macedonian commander, friend of Alexander.

6. Darius the Third - Persian king, opponent of Alexander.

7. Mediterranean - a common name for countries located along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

8. Alexandria - city ​​on the island of Pharos, founded by Alexander. One of the Wonders of the World, the Faros lighthouse, was built in the city.

Dates:

338 BC - Battle of Chaeronea. The victory of Macedonia, the defeat of the forces of the Greek policies.

Campaign of Alexander the Great to the East.

date

(BC.)

Events

Result

334

Battle of the Granicus

Opened the way to Asia Minor, to the Greek cities under Persian rule

333

Battle of Issus

Destroyed part of the Persian army, from the power of DariusIIIcut off Syria, Phoenicia and Egypt

332

Siege and capture of Tyre

Subordinate Mediterranean basin

332-331

Subjugation of Egypt

Supply of food to Greece and other regions of the Macedonian state was provided

331

Battle of Gaugamela

The military forces of Darius are completely brokenIII.

329

War in Bactria and Sogdia

The last pockets of resistance in Persia are crushed

327

War in India. Battle

with Porus at the Hydaspes.

Extreme exhaustion of the forces of the Macedonian army

323

Death of Alexander the Great

The beginning of the collapse of the power created in the process of conquest - the empire of Alexander the Great.

Chapter 11

Terms.

1. Rome - city ​​on the riverTiber , in Italy.Built on seven hills. The most famous are the Palatine and the Capitol.

2. Italy - country on the Apennine Peninsula.

3.Latins - a tribe that lived along the banks of the Tiber.

4. Numitor, Amulius, Rhea Sylvia - legendary heroes of the Latin tribe.

5. Romulus and Remus - Founders of Rome.

6. Vestal - priestess of the goddess of the hearth (Vesta).

7. Lictors - the protection of the ancient Roman king.

8. Patricians - inhabitants of Romedescendants of its ancient inhabitants.

9. Plebeians - residents of Rome, immigrants from other conquered regions of Italy.

10.Consuls - two rulers in the Roman Republic, elected for a period of one year. The consul could become a patrician, and later a plebeian. The position was not paid, so only the rich were able to take it.

11. People's tribune - an official elected from among the plebeians. Hadveto (prohibition), which allowed to cancel the decision of the consul or the Senate.

12. Senate - one of the highest state authorities in ancient Rome. He was in charge of the treasury, developed plans for warfare, negotiated with other states. Consuls became senators (out of 300) after a year of service.

13. Legion - the main organizational unit in the army of ancient Rome. One legion = 4500 - 5000 warriors.

14. Legionnaire - warrior-landowner in ancient Rome.

Dates.

753 BC - Founding of Rome.

509 BC - Rome became a republic.

390 BC - Gauls invasion of Rome.

326 BC - the abolition of debt slavery in ancient Rome.

280 BC - King Pyrrhus landed in Italy with his troops.

Chapter 12 Rome is the strongest power in the Mediterranean.

Terms:

1. Carthage - the richest city-state in North Africa, a rival of ancient Rome.

2. Poons - the name of the inhabitants of Carthage.

3. Punic Wars - the wars of Rome with Carthage (there were three of them). Outcome: victory for Rome.

4. Hannibal - commander of the Carthaginian forces during the second (Punic) war.

5. Scipio - Roman general during the second (Punic) war.

6. Tiara - headdress, a sign of royal power.

7. Emperor - Commander-in-Chief.

8. Triumph - ceremonial entry into Rome of the victorious commander

9. Cato - senator in ancient Rome, famous for the phrase "Carfhagen must be destroyed."

10.Province - the area conquered by ancient Rome.

11. Estate - the land of a rich man.

12. Gladiator - a strong and agile slave who was trained to fight for the amusement of the public.gladiatorial games - a favorite sight of the Romans.

13. Amphitheater - a special building for gladiatorial games.

Dates:

218-201 BC - Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage.

216 BC - Battle of Cannae.

202 BC - battle of Zama.

146 BC - Destroyed and destroyed Carthage and Corinth.

Chapter 13

1. Civil War - war between citizens of the same state.

2. Tiberius Gracchus - People's tribune in ancient Rome, the author of the land law.

3.Spartacus a slave gladiator who led a slave uprising.

4. Capua - the region in Italy where the Spartacus uprising began.

5. Crassus, Pompey, Lucullus - generals of ancient Rome who fought with the army of Spartacus.

6. Gaius Julius Caesar - dictator, great commander of Ancient Rome.

7.Veterans - old soldiers in ancient Rome who completed their service.

8. Dictator - a ruler who has unlimited power and is not obliged to account for his actions to anyone.

9. Mark Antony, Octavian August - Roman generals who participated in the struggle for power after the death of Gaius Julius Caesar.

10. Cleopatra - ruler of Egypt.

11. Praetorians - the personal guard of the emperor in the Roman Empire.

12. Empire - big and strong state.

Dates:

133 BC - land law of Tiberius Gracchus. By law, no family in Rome should use more than a thousand yugers of land.

74-71 BC - The uprising of Spartacus.

49 BC - Caesar conquers Rome.

March 15, 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar was killed.

31 BC - Naval battle at Cape Promotions.

30 BC - end of civil wars in Rome. Rome became an empire.

30 - 14 BC - reign of Octavian Augustus.

Chapter 14 Roman Empire in the first centuries of our era.

1. Germans - tribes that lived along the banks of the Rhine River. The Germans were enemies of the Roman Empire.

2.Donar (One) - the main god of the Germanic tribes.

3. Slavs - tribes that inhabited a large expanse of Europe. Slavs are the ancestors of the Russian, Ukrainian and some other peoples.

4. Venedi - the Romans called the Slavs by this name.

5. Tacitus - ancient Roman historian.

6. Nero - Ancient Roman emperor, ruled in the 1st century AD. Known for burning down Rome.

7.Jesus Christ - the founder of Christianity, one of the world's religions.

8.Gospel (Greek good news) - a description of the life of Jesus Christ.

9.Paul, Peter, Judas - apostles (disciples) of Jesus Christ.

10.Columns - farmers who took land for cultivation for several years.

11. Paris, Vienna, London, Cologne cities founded by the Romans.

12. Forum - square in Rome.

13. Coliseum - the famous amphitheater in ancient Rome.

14. Pantheon Temple of all gods in Ancient Rome.

15.Therms - baths in ancient Rome.

Dates:

98 -117 AD reign of Emperor Trajan in Rome.

70 AD e. - Destruction of Jerusalem.

79 AD uh - the death of the city of Pompeii due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

Chapter 15 The defeat of Rome by the Germans and the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

1. Barbarians - this name the Romans called all the tribes that lived outside the Roman Empire.

2.Konstantin an ancient Roman emperor who ruled4 century AD.

3. Bishop is the chief priest in the city.

4.Constantinople - a city founded by Emperor Constantine on the shores of the Bosphorus Strait.

5. Goths, vandals - Germanic tribes.

6. Alaric - the leader of the tribe is ready.

7. Stilicho - Roman military leader, vandal by origin.

Dates:

313 year ad - Constantine issued a decree allowing Christians to build churches and openly pray.

330 AD - Constantinople, instead of Rome, became the capital of the Roman Empire.

395 AD The empire was divided into the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire.

410 AD - Rome is captured by the Goths.

455 AD Rome has been taken over by the Vandals.

476 AD - The Western Roman Empire ceased to exist.

The role of history as a subject is very important. After all, it is he who helps to form with early years some ideas about the life of various personalities, about the history of countries and cities, about memorable events. It is from the 5th grade that the study of history begins according to the generally accepted school curriculum. The role of history as a subject lies in the fact that in the course of studying it, children of primary and secondary school age gain knowledge about human civilizations and characteristic features historical path different peoples world, have the opportunity to link facts from the ancient and modern history. For example, everyone should know the history of the peoples of the world, because belonging to a certain people is a fundamental factor in the process of self-identification of each person. In general, the course history lessons this year will help children learn the foundations on which all modern civilizations stand. The lessons of the course rarely cause difficulties, but it is worth paying Special attention the study of Greek and Roman history (period of the empire).

Brief announcement of the course

So the course 5th grade storiesdedicated to the ancient world. He will introduce children to the first steps of mankind: civilizations that have sunk into oblivion, primitive beliefs and amazing monuments that our distant ancestors left about themselves. The lessons of history this year are extremely important, because it is with them that the study of this interesting science. School course and in particular, our video lessons are designed in such a way that fifth graders can appreciate all the positive aspects of this subject and be carried away by it for many years.

Sections of history grade 5

• The life of primitive people

This section is designed to solve two problems - to give students basic information about historical science and acquaint them with the "childhood" of mankind. In the first lessons, students learn what history studies, how historians find information, and what the abbreviation "BC" means. Then the teacher will tell you where the homeland of mankind is located, how primitive people lived, what they did, and how the first cities and states grew out of tribal communities.

• The Ancient East

In this section, children are waiting for dedicated ancient egypt and the Two Rivers. Students will be able to learn: how the Egyptians, who did not have a wheel, were able to build giant pyramids; what made millions of people spend their lives building these buildings; What did the ancient Egyptian gods look like? what amazing geographical discoveries committed by the soldiers of the pharaoh; why Egyptian writing could not be deciphered for centuries and many others. etc. Then the children will be told about the Sumerian tribes of the Ancient East, who created their original civilization in the fertile valley of the Tigris and Euphrates.

• Ancient Greece

This section of Year 5 history will introduce children to wonderful world antiquity, which formed the basis of most modern civilizations and even now, after many centuries, remains a source of inspiration for historians, poets and artists. Schoolchildren will be able to better understand the culture of this time by reading the legends and myths of Ancient Greece, as well as brief retelling Iliad and Odyssey. The teacher will tell the children about the Cretan girls who fought the bulls; brave navigators who plied the expanses of the Mediterranean Sea and reached the Crimea; eloquent Athenian orators; courageous Spartans and their education system; The Delphic oracle and the campaign of Alexander the Great, who put an end to the free cities of Hellas.

• Ancient Rome

This section will talk about the great Roman Empire, which united half the world, became the cradle of modern religions and excited the minds of European monarchs for a millennium after its death. Fifth graders will be introduced to the history of Ancient Rome, which began with the legendary brothers - Romulus and Remus, who were fed by a she-wolf on the Capitoline Hills. From this section, children will learn how the Eternal City acquired its status and turned into the Roman Empire, gave the world the best sculptors, historians, writers and generals, and then fell under the pressure of barbarian hordes.