Predicate – main member a two-part sentence denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verbal predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the form of the verb of any mood, tense and person.

As part of a simple verbal predicate, there may be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style.

Simple verbal predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used.

Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example:

on the action and its purpose (I’ll go and write);

on the arbitrariness of the action (he took it and came);

on the uncertainty of the action (does not shoot);

On the impossibility of carrying out the action (we can’t wait);

On the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat);

· on the tension and duration of the action (look, you can’t see enough, you can’t drag it, don’t drag it), etc.

Compound verb predicate.

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning(time and inclination) are expressed different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

A) auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood)

b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

GHS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

1. The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

1. I began- what to do?; I want- what to do?. If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence.

She sat down(for what purpose?) relax.

1. The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject (this is the subject infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

1. I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, sing will- I)

2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition (I asked, she will sing).

Compound nominal predicate. The concept of the verb copula; types of verb connectives in Russian. The nominal part of the compound predicate and ways of its expression.

A compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - the link (the verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (time and mood); b) the main part - the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

SIS \u003d link + nominal part

For example: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was ill; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Linking verb types:

1. Grammatical link - expresses only grammatical meaning (time, mood), has no lexical meaning. Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the connective to be is usually in the zero form ("zero connective"): the absence of a connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood. He was a doctor . He will be a doctor . He doctor . He was sick . He will be sick . He sick . He is sick . Lyrics There is the highest manifestation art.

2. Semi-notional copula - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).

a) occurrence or development of a trait: become, become, become, become;

b) preservation of the feature: stay;

c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be;

d) evaluation of the feature in terms of reality: to appear, to appear, to appear, to be considered;

e) the name of the feature: to be called, to be called, to be called. He became ill . He stayed sick . He been sick every autumn. He turned out to be sick . He considered sick . He seemed sick . He is sick . He reputed to be sick . Their called sick .

3. Significant link - a verb with a full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).

a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie down, stand;

b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, roam;

c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die. She sat tired . He left angry . He returned upset . He lived as a hermit . He born happy . He died a hero . Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or having:

Him was three sons; Him was much money.

Verbs become, become, become etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

He turned out to be downtown; He became near the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant copula, because usually such verbs are independent predicates. If the verb becomes a copula, then its meaning is less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not that He sitting, not stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

1. the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sitting tired - He was tired ; He born happy - He was happy ; He came first - He was the first ;

1. the link can be made null:

He sitting tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He first .

If the verb has dependent forms of the full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question Which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways of expressing the nominal part:

1. Noun:

A noun in the nominative or instrumental case ( He is mine Brother . He was mine brother .);

A noun in the indirect case with or without a preposition ( Navigator was in oblivion . I penniless . This house - Meshkov .);

A whole phrase with the main word - a noun in genitive case(with the value of the qualitative assessment)( son-in-law was a silent breed . This girl tall .)

2. Adjective:

short adjective( He oars . He became cheerful .);

· Full adjective in the nominative or instrumental case ( He funny . He became cheerful .);

Adjective in comparative or superlative degree ( Here the sound of music were more audible . You the best .)

3. Participle:

· Brief Communion (He injured . glass were broken .);

Full participles in the nominative or instrumental case ( glass were broken . glass were broken .);

A pronoun or a whole phrase with the main word a pronoun ( All fish- your . This something new .);

The numeral in the nominative or instrumental case ( Their hut - third on the edge. Their hut was the third on the edge.);

4. Adverb( I was alert . His daughter Married for my brother).

One-part sentences are those sentences that have one grammatical composition. Predicativity in one-part sentences is expressed in one main member, which is its only organizing center. This main member not only names a certain object, phenomenon or action, but also expresses an attitude towards reality. The second composition in such sentences either cannot be at all, or formally it could be, but its absence does not create incompleteness, but is a structural feature of these sentences.

One-part sentences can be common and non-common, depending on whether the main member is explained with additional words or not. Definitely personal suggestions

Definitely-personal sentences are called, the main member of which is expressed in the form of the verb of the first or second person of the present and future tenses. The verb in this case does not need a pronoun, since its form contains an indication of a well-defined person. A verb in a definite-personal sentence can be in the form of both indicative and imperative.

Indefinitely personal sentences are called such one-part sentences in which the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural the present and future tense or in the plural form of the past tense and denotes an action performed by indefinite, i.e. unidentified persons.

Generalized personal sentences

Generalized-personal are called one-part sentences, the main member of which is expressed by the verb of the 2nd person singular(present and future tenses), and the action denoted by the verb in such sentences equally applies to any person, i.e. the subject of action is conceived in a generalized way. The main purpose of generalized personal sentences is a figurative expression of general judgments, large generalizations, which is why they are so widely represented in folk proverbs.

Everyone knows that the predicate is one of the main (according to many scientists, even the most important) member of the sentence. We can meet predicates of three different types. Let's talk now about a simple verb predicate.

Features of a simple verbal predicate

In Russian syntax, three types of predicates are usually distinguished; students study this material in the 8th grade. To compare them, see the samples in the table.

As you can see from the patterns, the simple verb predicate is indeed simple - it consists of one verb.

It must be remembered that in the system of the Russian verb there is a compound form of the future tense from the imperfective verb - I will teach, I will speak, etc. It's one verb, just in compound form. The predicate is a simple verb.

In a simple verbal predicate, both semantic and grammatical roles are played by one word - a verb in any personal form.

A predicate of this type can be found both in two-part and in one-part sentence any kind, except for the nominal.

How can a simple verb predicate be expressed

In a sentence, a simple verbal predicate can be expressed by any verb in any form, that is, in the form of any mood, any tense, any person and number.

But not the infinitive! infinitive ( indefinite form verb) CANNOT be a simple verbal predicate.

The infinitive cannot express the grammatical meaning, for that it is an indefinite form, therefore, on its own, without auxiliary words, it cannot play the role of a predicate. But we must be careful: after all, the compound future tense also consists of the verb "to be" in the desired form and the infinitive, and this is entirely one simple verbal predicate. But there is no contradiction here, because two words of the compound future are one verb in meaning, it can be replaced by one synonym of the perfect form: I will read - I will read, I will speak - I will say, etc.

So, a simple verbal predicate can be expressed in different forms of one verb:

• The indicative mood in any tense, any person, number and gender;
• The imperative mood in any form, including compound (let them tell, etc.);
• The conditional mood is also in any form.

In theory, formative particles are part of the verb form, so they are most often emphasized along with the predicate; in this case, two words may be underlined, and the predicate is a simple verb. It's just a compound form of the verb.

Examples of a simple verbal predicate

In the indicative mood:

I will sleep. I will sing an aria. I sang at the school party.

In the imperative mood:

Read! Let him read! Read this! Let's read text.

In the conditional mood:

We would go to Kazan. I would go to Kolomna.

What have we learned?

A simple verbal predicate is expressed by one verb in any form (including compound), which takes on both grammatical and semantic functions. A simple verbal predicate can occur in both a two-part and one-part sentence.

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Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has a meaning expressed in questions: what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?

Examples of the predicate and the most common ways of expressing it:

goes rain(what does the subject do? the predicate is expressed by the conjugated verb).

To him boring (what happens to him? the predicate is expressed by a predicative adverb - the category of state).

He great (what is he? the predicate is expressed by a short adjective).

Alexei - teacher (who is he? the predicate is expressed by an animated noun).

Baikal is huge lake (what is he? the predicate is expressed by an inanimate noun).

Types of predicates:

1. Simple verbal predicate.
2. Compound verb predicate.
3. Compound nominal predicate.

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in the form of some mood (indicative mood; conditional mood, imperative mood):

Coming gloomy morning (indicative mood, present tense).
It has come gloomy morning(indicative mood, past tense).

Sergey will do to the theater school(indicative mood, future tense).
He gladly would leave to the village(conditional mood).
write down homework(imperative mood).

Other ways to express a simple verbal predicate:

1. Infinitive: Live - homeland serve.

2. Interjectional verb forms ( truncated forms verb type bam, grab, jump): Each friend is quiet here sense girlfriend.

3. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in conjugated form: Team won in the championship. He again fool around.

Other examples: touched a nerve, lost patience, got into a mess, beats the buckets, fell into doubt, dances to someone else's tune, came to the conclusion, became indignant, walks shaking, takes part, sharpens his folly, is an eyesore, raised the alarm, stabbed to death without a knife, sucked from the finger, ordered to live long, put his teeth on the shelf, out of his mind, doused with contempt and so on.

4. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle (yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was, as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just, etc.):

Let's I I will go with you.
Let him leave with Father.
Yes, they will dream you have sweet dreams.
He was gone to the door, but suddenly has stopped.
In the room as if it smelled cinder.
He as if dumbfounded from fear.
He nearly died with grief.
He just didn't tumble trying to make the audience laugh.
He almost freaked out from happiness.

The following ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate require special attention:

1. Complex future tense form ( I will write; will sing etc.) is a simple verbal predicate.

2. WITH exactly, as if, as if, exactly, as if with the predicate - modal particles, not comparative conjunctions, so a comma is not placed in front of them (subject and predicate are never separated by a comma!).

3. modal particle was denotes an action that began, but did not take place due to any reasons, unforeseen circumstances, and commas (unlike introductory words happens, happened with the value of regular repetition of action) is not highlighted. Wed: He was gone to the door, but suddenly stopped(part of the predicate) . - He , it used to be did not show up in the village for weeks(introductory word).

4. To distinguish a simple verbal predicate expressed by a phraseological unit from a compound nominal predicate, one should remember:

A) phraseologism can often be replaced with one word:

win a victory— win; matter— to mean; give a promise— promise; to give an order— order and etc.;

b) in a simple verbal predicate-phraseological unit, the verb cannot be replaced by a bunch be, but in a compound nominal predicate - you can. Wed: He hung up his nose (can't say: He was the nose; She sat tired — She was tired ( compound nominal predicate) ; He born happy — He was happy ( compound nominal predicate).

In speech (especially colloquial) there may be various kinds of complicated simple verbal predicates.

Complicated simple verb predicate is a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles.

The most common among them are the following:

1) a combination of two verb forms with a particle So(Made me feel so good ! );

2) verb combination go with another verb in the same form ( I'll go and call mom);

3) verb combination take with another verb in the same form in conjunction with particles yes, yes and, and (I'll take Here and leave tomorrow to the village; I'll take it and leave- is not homogeneous predicates, and one complicated predicate);

4) combination of a verb with particles yes how, know (to yourself), well, so, to yourself (And Ivanushka know yourself hold on ; I so she screamed );

5) a combination of a verb with a single-root form of an adverbial type ( He is her eats; She revmya roars );

6) a combination of two single-root verbs and a particle Not between them, with the modal impossibility value: We can't wait spring; Breathe not inhale wonderful mountain air;

7) combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by a particle Not, to strengthen the negative value of the predicate: Myself work does not work , and interferes with others;

8) turnover combination only u do that followed by a verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action: He only does what he draws ;

9) repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action: I'm going, I'm going in an open field.

Additionally:

Source:

• Chapter "Complicated verbal predicate" in the manual Valgina N.S. "Modern Russian language"
• Chapter "Predicate. Simple verbal predicate "in the manual Balashova L.V., Dementieva V.V. "Russian language course"

Additionally on Guenon:

Simple verb predicate

Simple verbal predicate is the predicate expressed by the verb.

For example: I am writing these lines in the village(Sol.); The second apple tree stood on level ground in the middle of a clearing(Sol.); Let's stay one more day!(Ch.); Look after him, do not indulge too much, and do not exact very strictly(Gonch.); Molchalin would hardly have bored you if you had agreed briefly with him(Gr.). As part of a simple verbal predicate, there can be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style: I would go to sleep and give the guest peace(B. Paul); Aunt Katya did not want to go, but how she would cry(A.N. T.); She seemed to love me(L. T.); And you didn't even notice anything?(M.-Sib.).

For example: And the queen laugh and shrug her shoulders(P.); Then the knight jumped into the saddle and threw the reins(Cr.); So she drop the snuffbox(Dost.); And if it wasn't for me, you would have smoked in Tver(Gr.); Our brother, think of one thing...(T.). Such ways of expressing the predicate are characteristic of the colloquial style, the syntactic constructions of which are especially rich in modal-expressive meanings.

Complicated verbal predicate

A simple verbal predicate is considered complicated, if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used. Examples: Take take, but do not put in place(Ch.); When did you plow?(Shol.); Be brave, don't be brave, but you won't be braver than the world(Lesk.); Yermoshka, go and sit next to me(Lesk.); Dressed like everyone else(Pan.); I lie to myself, I lie, lie down(T.); Here he waits, waits, and the tail only freezes more(Cr.); But now he took one eye shut ...(A. Ostr.); No, I'll go and tell Levinson that I don't want to ride such a horse.(Fad.); I took it and stopped talking to her(Lesk.); I did not come to play riddles, but to speak, so speak everything(Lesk.). Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example: the action and its purpose ( I'll go write); on the arbitrariness of the action ( took and came); on the uncertainty of the action ( shoot does not shoot); on the impossibility of performing an action ( we can't wait); on the completeness of action, redundancy ( eat so eat); on intensity and duration of action ( looks, does not look enough, drag not drag) etc.

All these forms of the predicate, along with the general designation of a specific action occurring in a certain time plan, are complicated by the meanings of the way the action proceeds, its qualitative characteristics, estimates, etc.

Such predicates are characteristic of expressively colored speech.

They are often used in folk literature - in epics, songs:

As in the canopy, in the canopy,

Along the new canopy, along the trellis,

How she walked

A young noblewoman, Marya Svet Grigorievna.

She woke up

His friend, Ivan the light of Petrovich.

A simple verbal predicate expressed by a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles.

1) A combination of two verbs in the same form, of which the first indicates an action, and the second indicates the purpose of this action. Let's go throw ourselves at the feet of your parents(Pushkin).

2) Repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action. Floated, floated in the blue vague depth foamed by the wind on the block(Sholokhov).

3) Repetition of the predicate with an intensifying particle so to indicate high degree carried out action. Now he really sang so sang.

4) A combination of two single-root verbs and a particle not between them, with the modal meaning of impossibility. We can't wait for good weather. Breathe not inhale the wonderful mountain air.

5) The combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by the particle not, to further enhance the negative meaning of the predicate. I didn’t become stupid, but my feelings somehow dulled(Ch e x about v).

6) Connection with the help of conjunctions and, yes, yes, and take the form of the verb and the same form of another verb to denote an arbitrary action due to the personal whim of the subject. He took yes and hid(Bazhov).

7) The combination of turnover only and do (doing, doing, etc.) with the subsequent verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action. All he does is paint endlessly.

8) The combination of the verb in the personal form or in the form of the infinitive with the particle let's (let's) to express an invitation or motivation for joint action. Let's talk(Chekhov). Come fight me(Bitter).

9) The combination of the verb with the particle know (know yourself) to denote an action that is performed despite obstacles. They scold him, but he knows we are sleeping and does not want to hear anything. And he laughs to himself.

10) The combination of a verb with a particle to itself to express a process that takes place, as it were, independently of the will of a person. On a long evening, it happened, he would light a torch and spin it for himself, without closing his eyes(I. Nikitin).

• - VERB WORD...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - predicate the main member of the sentence, meaning an event. It is expressed by a verb, as well as a noun, adjective, adverb; cf .: He is yearning / He is in anguish / The year was successful ...

  Literary Encyclopedia

• - VERB WORD...

  Dictionary of literary terms

• - PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1 ...

  Dictionary of literary terms

• - usually expressed by the personal form of the verb, which "represents the sign at the time of its occurrence" ...

  encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron

• - one of the two main members of a two-part sentence; correlates with the subject ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - An unchangeable word, sometimes coinciding in its sound composition with an onomatopoeic word or an interjection and used in the function of a verbal predicate with the meaning of an instantaneous action in the past ...
• - A predicate expressed by a verb in a personal form ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A predicate formed by the form of the indicative, imperative, subjunctive moods. The sounds of a waltz echo through the water. Tell me about the branchy wheat or the agronomist, but keep quiet about the plans ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see verb management ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A simple verbal predicate that does not agree with the subject in person or number or both. It does not agree: 1) there is a predicate expressed by a verb, with a subject that has a plural form ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A simple sentence, which includes: a) isolated turns. It was a pale, tiny creature, like a flower that had grown without the rays of the sun...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see the verb predicate ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - see the verbal predicate compound ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology ...

  Syntax: Dictionary

• - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology; 3) descriptive verb-nominal turnover: The water on the lake began to freeze ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

"complicated verbal predicate" in books

Predicate. Ante mortem

From the book Herman. Interview. Essay. Scenario author Dolin Anton

Predicate. Ante mortem Imaginary illustration: Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Magpie on the Gallows Khrustalev, car! (1998) - the universe, organized according to the laws of the highest, not subject to human interpretations, absurdity. Chaos, which condenses to almost absolute (but, to the horror

NOT VERB TENSE

From the book Fragments from Nothing the author Vantalov Boris

NO VERB TIME On October 2, an exhibition opened (three sculptors, my graphics) in the former library of Blok on Nevsky. Strange people asked me what a knot means instead of a causal place. They couldn't understand that a knot is a knot. I write about these nodules already

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184. The predicate with the subject - quantitative-nominal combination (countable turnover) In the construction under consideration, the predicate can have both the singular and the plural form. Wed: Seven people of the chase entered ... (Leskov). - The next morning, fifty-seven workers

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With a subject of the specified type, formed by the combination "nominative plus preposition c plus instrumental", the predicate can be both in the plural and in the singular. Form

§ 187. Predicate with subject - pronoun interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 187. The predicate with the subject - interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative pronoun

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

§ 184

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184. The predicate with the subject - quantitative-nominal combination (countable turnover) In the construction under consideration, the predicate can have both the singular and the plural form. Wed: Seven people of the chase entered ... (Leskov). - The next morning, fifty-seven immigrants

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With the turns of the indicated type, formed by the combination “nominative plus instrumental with the preposition c”, the predicate can stand both in the plural and in the singular. Form

predicate (predicate)

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(PR) author TSB

Predicate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (SK) of the author TSB

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it

author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it The predicate is the main member of the sentence, expressing the sign of the subject and answering the questions: what does the subject do? what is he? who is he? what is it? Predicates are divided into verbal and nominal.

7.16. Predicate expressed by adverb and interjection

From the book Modern Russian. Practical guide author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

7.16. Predicate expressed by adverb and interjection The predicate can be expressed by an adverb with or without a bunch, for example: “I was married at your age” (L. Tolstoy); “How inopportunely this memory was” (Ch.); “After all, I am somewhat akin to her” (Gr.). The nominal part is expressed

Complicated grief

From the book Change Your Brain - Age Will Change! by Amen Daniel J.

Complicated Grief At some point in our lives, we all experience grief: because of death native person, divorce or other loss. And although we will never forget the loss, over time, the memories will become less painful and begin to bring more warm feelings. How much should

Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation

From book English grammar with Vasya Pupkin author Gorodnyuk Natalia

Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation N: Now that we have considered different kinds subject, it is worth paying our attention to the predicate. We have already said that after the subject there should always be a predicate, and now our task is to