Pronouns- words that indicate objects and signs, or ask about them, for example: Grushnitsky is a cadet. He only a year in service; This portrait I wrote in two days; What did it happen?

By meaning, pronouns are divided into the following categories:

1. Personal: 1st person - me, we; 2nd person - you you; 3rd person - he, she, it, they.
2. Returnable: myself.
3. Possessive: mine, yours, yours, ours, yours.
4. Indicative: that one, this one; such, such, such.
5. Determinants: each, all, everyone, the most, himself, any, other, other.
6. Interrogative: Who? What? Which? which? whose? How many?, For example: Who read the story? Which Did the episodes stand out in particular? How many does the person compete?
7. Relative: who, what, which, which, whose, how much- the same interrogative ones, when they serve not for a question, but for communication subordinate clause with the main (i.e., act as allied words), for example: The teacher began to explain Who read the story; He asked which We especially liked the episodes; Need to find out, How many a person participates in a competition. (Note that in such sentences - indirect questions - the question mark is not put.)
8. Undefined: someone, something, some, several, someone, something, somebody, someone somebody, somebody, somebody, something, somebody and etc.
9. Negative: no one, nothing, none, no one, no one, nothing.

According to the features of declension and connection with other words, pronouns are similar or with nouns ( me, you, who, what, nobody etc.), or with adjectives ( that which, any, this etc.), or with numerals ( as much as, several). Therefore, in a sentence, pronouns perform the same syntactic role as the corresponding parts of speech, for example: I (subject) I don't want to be sad you (addition) nothing (addition) . Heart my (definition) shrunken. Now you our (predicate) . obliquely stood some huts. In the last example, the pronoun some with a noun hut acts as one member of the sentence - the subject.

Declension of negative pronouns

For spelling, you need to know well the declension of negative pronouns, which change like this:

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Meaning and grammatical features pronouns in Russian are divided into several categories: personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, relative, negative, indefinite, attributive and demonstrative.

Table "Discharges of pronouns"

In order to correctly determine the category of pronouns, we will find out what meanings they have in speech, and highlight their main grammatical features.

Discharge	Examples	syntax function
Personal	I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they	I went to the window. My phone rang.
returnable	myself	Look at yourself in the mirror. Cats are able to live on their own.
Possessive	mine, yours, ours, yours	I know your opinion. His face became sad.
Interrogative	Who? What? Which? what? which one? whose? how much?	Who is knocking on the door? At whose window doves sit? How many apples are on the table?
relative	who, what, which, which, which, whose, how much	I don't understand what could have delayed them so much. This is the house where I spent my childhood.
Negative	nobody, nothing, nobody nothing, none none, not at all	Nobody answered me. Someone to ask now. There is no error here.
indefinite	someone, something, some someone, how much something, someone some, any, someone, someone, someone	Someone sang a song. Someone's voice was heard in the yard. Mark the seedling with something.
Determinants	himself, most, everyone, any, any, whole, other, all, different	We have another path ahead of us. Everything will look different tomorrow.
pointing	this one, that one, such, such and such, such and such, so much, so much	There is a cafe behind that house. There was so much joy in her eyes! The essence of the issue is that it is better to solve it together.

In the table, we got acquainted with the categories of pronouns with examples of their use in Russian. We previously learned .

personal pronouns "I", "we", "you", "you", "he", "she", "it", "they" point to a person or thing.

Pronouns "I", "we" refer to the first person; "you you"- to the second; "he she it"- to the third.

I climbed a tall pine tree and began to scream (K. Paustovsky).

We walked along the moose trail (K. Paustovsky).

Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region? (K. Simonov)

Have you seen how, under a coniferous roof, a saffiano mushroom walks in morocco boots ..? (A. Kovalenko)

Pronouns "he she it" masculine, feminine and neuter are defined.

He sang, and from every sound of his voice something familiar and boundlessly wide blew, as if the familiar steppe was opening before you, going into the endless distance (I.S. Turgenev).

After Masha rummaged through the compositions, she settled on novels (A. Pushkin).

To the left, a field began at the edge of the village; it was visible far to the horizon, and in the full breadth of this field, flooded with moonlight, there was also no movement, no sound (A. Chekhov).

Personal pronouns have the category of singular and plural.

Compare:

• I, you - we, you;
• he, she, it - they.

However, we keep in mind that the pronouns "I" And "We" , "you and "You" are not singular and plural forms of the same word. Pronouns "We" And "You" do not designate "a lot of me" or "a lot of you". They indicate the speaker or interlocutor together with other persons participating in a conversation or in a certain action.

All personal pronouns change by case. When they are declined in oblique cases, completely different words appear:

• i - me;
• you - you;
• she her;
• they are them.

As soon as I touch mathematics, I will again forget everything in the world (S. Kovalevskaya).

reflexive pronoun "myself" indicates the person they are talking about.

Do you look into yourself? There is no trace of the past (M. Lermontov).

I erected a monument to myself not made by hands (A. Pushkin).

This pronoun has no nominative form, grammatical categories of person, gender, number. It only changes in cases:

• i.p. -
• r.p. myself
• d.p. yourself
• c.p. myself
• etc. yourself
• p.p. About Me

horse (im.p.) (whose?) his (r.p.).

It happened that a nightingale flew to their noise (I.A. Krylov).

Noise (whose?) them- inconsistent definition.

Possessive pronouns "his", "her", "them" do not change.

Words that respond to nouns Who? What?), adjectives ( Which? whose? what? which one?) and numerals ( how much?) are interrogative pronouns.

Who's knocking at the gate? (S.Marshak).

What will I do for people? - Danko (M. Gorky) shouted louder than thunder.

Suddenly he turned to his mother: "Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?" (A. Pushkin).

"What don't you understand?" - Pavel Vasilyevich asks Styopa (A. Chekhov).

What news did you receive yesterday?

What is the answer to my question?

What is the number of math lesson?

The same pronouns, only without a question, serve to connect simple sentences as part of a complex one and are called relative:

Look how many flat-bottomed scows lie on my shore (A. Kataev).

A hundred paces from me a dark grove which I just got out (A. Chekhov).

He was not at all what Konstantin (L. Tolstoy) imagined him to be.

It was already getting dark, and Vasily could not understand who was coming (K. Paustovsky).

Often I wanted to guess what he was writing about (A. Pushkin).

I also thought about the person in whose hands my fate was (A. Pushkin).

Indefinite pronouns

Indicate unknown objects, signs and quantities:

"someone", "something", "some", "several", "someone", "something", "someone", "anyone", "someone", "some ”, “some”, “some”, “some”, “someone”, “someone”, “someone”, “any”, “so many”.

Someone played the violin ... the girl sang a soft contralto, laughter was heard (M. Gorky).

It became scary, as if some kind of danger silently lay in wait for him in this silence (V. Kataev).

In the living room, something small fell off the table and broke (A. Chekhov).

You are incapable of acting any motives (K. Fedin).

But, perhaps, in some ways he was right (M. Sholokhov).

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns "no one", "nothing", "no one", "nothing", "none", "no one", "not at all" serve to deny the presence of some object, attribute or quantity, or to reinforce the negative meaning of the whole sentence.

I do not want to sadden you with anything (A. Pushkin).

Nobody really knew anything (K. Simonov).

Vladik stood silently, not bullying anyone and not answering anyone's questions (A. Gaidar).

They are formed from interrogative (relative) pronouns using an unstressed prefix neither- or shock attachment Not-.

Pronouns "no one", "nothing" do not have a nominative case.

They were silent, because there was nothing to tell each other (I.A. Goncharov).

There is no one to ask when he himself is to blame (proverb).

Pronouns "no one", "none", "no one", "no one", "nothing" can be used with a preposition that comes after the prefix:

from no one, on nothing, under no one, behind anyone, from no one, not because of anything, etc.

In nothing is the folk character so freely manifested as in song and dance (A. Fadeev).

I don’t want to think about anything, interfere in anything (M. Prishvin).

An attempt to intercept Masha on the way did not lead to anything (A. Fadeev).

“that”, “this”, “such”, “such”, “so much” serve to distinguish among others some specific object, attribute, quantity.

I would strictly forbid these gentlemen to drive up to the capitals at a shot! (A. Griboedov).

All this would be funny if it were not so sad (M. Lermontov).

How many heads, so many minds (proverb).

In the dark, I climbed into such a windbreak, from which you will not soon get out even during the day. However, I managed to get out of this maze (V. Arseniev).

Definitive pronouns - “all”, “every”, “himself”, “most”, “each”, “any”, “other”, “other”, “whole”.

Everyone who is young, give us a hand - into our ranks, friends! (L. Oshanin).

Every work of the master praises (proverb).

Learn to control yourself; not everyone will understand you like me; inexperience leads to trouble (A. Pushkin).

To the right, the whole village was visible, a long street stretched for five miles (A. Chekhov).

These pronouns change in gender, number and case like adjectives.

Video lesson in Russian for students of the 6th grade “Pronoun. Ranks of pronouns»

MEANING AND GRAMMATIC FEATURES OF THE PRONOUN

Pronoun - a part of speech that indicates objects, signs and quantities, but does not name them. An icy stream snaked through the hollow, beyondhim lay the village of Dubrovitsy. The fight ended after an hour.He sometimes it flared up here and there, then it completely died down. The same pronoun He V different proposals points to an object, but does not name it. The lexical meaning of this pronoun is determined by the context. In the first sentence He- This Creek, in the second the battle.

Some a man, sitting on the ground two steps away from him, fired into the sky with a revolver. Pronoun some indicates a sign, but does not directly correlate with a specific word. It can be replaced by any adjective ( unfamiliar, unknown, alien, strange, young, old and so on.).

Suddenly they jumped out of the forestsome people and began to frantically wave their hands. Pronoun some indicates the number of objects, but does not name a specific number. It can be replaced by any numeral ( five, eight, ten, thirty, nine, eleven etc.).

Pronouns that refer to things ( I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they, yourself, who, what, someone, something, anyone, anything, anyone, anything, someone, something, someone, something, no one, nothing, nobody, nothing), have some characteristics of nouns. Pronouns someone, anyone, somebody, someone, someone, he indicate masculine nouns, she- female, it, that, something, something, something, something, something, nothing- neuter. Pronouns I, you point to male faces, female (I did, I did, you decided, you decided).

Pronouns me, you, you, we who point to animate objects, and What- on the inanimate.

Some of these pronouns are both singular and plural: he, it, she, they.

All these pronouns change by case. Their case forms retain traces of changes in pronouns in ancient times, for example: you - about you; you are about you; she is about her and others. That is why almost every pronoun changes in its own way.

Pronouns that indicate a sign ( mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, that, this, such, such, such, any, each, any, whole, whole, different, other, himself, most, which, which, whose, what, some, any, any, someone, someone, someone, some, some, some, none, none, no one), have the grammatical features of adjectives. They change in cases, numbers and gender, and agree with nouns: any book, any object, any work, any news, about any work etc. Unlike adjectives, they do not have a short form.

There are very few pronouns indicating quantity: how much, how many, a few, how much, not at all. They change only in cases.

The initial form of pronouns is the nominative singular.

In a sentence, pronouns are used as a subject, definition, addition, less often - circumstances: If you only knew... if you only realized what a great thing we are doing! Something close to envy touched the mother's heart. Someone's strong hand clenched his mother's fingers, someone's voice spoke excitedly: "Your son will be an example of courage for all of us." She was searched several times, but always on the day after the leaflets appeared at the factory. you, we, something are subject (who? you, we, something); pronouns ( For) us, her,(after) that - additions ( example for whom? - for us, searched whom? - her, appeared after what? - After that); pronouns what (case), someone's (hand), someone's (voice), your (son), all (us), another (day) - agreed definitions, they all answer the question what?; pronoun repeatedly) - circumstance.

The pronoun can be used as a predicate, but much less often: Now he's mine! I myself am like that - and I do not boast of this more than that. I know who you were. In these sentences, pronouns mine, that's who - predicates, they answer questions what? who is he?

CATS OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING

In terms of meaning and grammatical features pronouns are divided into several categories:

• - personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
• - returnable: myself
• - interrogative:
• - relative: who, what, which, whose, which, what, how much
• - indefinite: ne who, ne what, ne which, ne how many
• - negative: nobody, nothing, nobody, nobodye whom, ne what
• - possessive: mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs
• - indicative: that, this, such, such, so much
• - defining: all, everyone, each, himself, the most, any, other, other

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns I And You indicate the participants in the speech. I just need to touch the mathI again I will forget everything in the world.You Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region? The author talks about himself I ... forget, it's worth touching me) or addresses the interlocutor ( Do you remember?..).

Pronouns he, she, it, they indicate the subject that is being said, has been said before or will be said. They serve to connect independent sentences in the text: The doctor was young and so tiny that she looked like a girl. Serpilin and Sintsov standing next to him, and everyone who was around, looked ather with wonder and tenderness or simple sentences in complex: Serpilin, leaning on a stick, hobbled to the stands,They were almost full. Pronoun (on) her related to noun doctor in the previous independent sentence. Pronoun They - with a noun stands in the first part of a complex sentence.

Pronouns we you do not mean "a lot of me", "a lot of you". They indicate the speaker or his interlocutor along with other persons.

Pronoun You can refer to one person. Iyou I loved. Love, perhaps, has not entirely died out in my soul. The verb-predicate and the short form of adjectives and participles are used in the plural: You they wrote to me, do not deny; beloved, meYou did not love;You maybe we should bless fate for the fact that I don’t want to take off the mask; For thatYou punished by me.

If the predicate is expressed by an adjective of the full form, then it is used in singular: « You a literate man,” Serpilin finally said, breaking the silence that was painful for Sintsov. "Indeed,You is hungry!” Yolkin said.

Pronouns You And You can denote not a specific person, but any person:

Did you seeYou how, under a coniferous roof, a gingerbread man walks in morocco boots ... ?;

How many sunrisesYou met in the forest? No more than two or three, when, disturbing the dew on the blades of grass, wandered aimlessly until dawn.

When declining personal pronouns in indirect cases, sometimes completely new words appear ( I - me, you - you, she - hers, they - them), sometimes at the root there is an alternation of sounds ( me - me, you - you etc.), but all these are forms of one word.

Declension of personal pronouns

Cases	Personal pronouns
AND.	I	You	He	it	she	We	You	They
R.	me	you	his	his	her	us	you	their
D.	to me	you	to him	to him	to her	us	to you	them
IN.	me	you	his	his	her	us	you	their
T.	me	you	them	them	by her (her)	us	you	them
P.	(about me	(about you	(about him	(about him	(about her	(about Us	(about you	(about them

1. Prepositions before, with, to, about (both) etc., standing before the forms of indirect cases of the pronoun I, used with O:before me,co me,to to me,necessary me,both to me.

2. Pronouns of the 3rd person he, she, it, they after prepositions have at the beginning n: at him, near her, near them, towards him, behind her, near him, on her, between them, in front of her, under him, in him, from him and etc.

3. H after comparative degree adjectives and adverbs are not used: faster than her, further than them, closer to him, more trusting than her, higher than them.

After prepositions thanks to, outside, in spite of, due to, in defiance of, towards, according to, like not used: thanks to her, outside of him, like him, towards them, according to him.

RETURNIVE PRONOUNMYSELF

reflexive pronoun myself indicates the person they are talking about. How many rememberedmyself Serpilin, after civil war he studied almost all the time.

Pronoun myself does not have a nominative form, in all oblique cases it changes as a pronoun You.

Pronoun myself does not have a face, number, gender. It can be applied to any person of the sole and plural, any kind: I - I saw the sky ... I flew into it, measured it, knew the fall, but did not break, but only stronger inmyself I believe. (I... into myself). INmyself will you take a look? There is no trace of the past. (You ... in yourself). Everyone even became scared when they realized what kind of loneliness he doomsmyself . (He… himself). She couldn't forgiveyourself that left her daughter. (She… to herself). Innocent people feltmyself guilty and nervous at every long stop. (People… themselves).

reflexive pronoun myself in a sentence it is an addition, sometimes a circumstance. And he curled up in a ball on a stone, proud of himself. (proud by whom? yourself). Sintsov jumped up and half-awake began to fumble around him, looking for his cap. (fumbling Where? around you).

Interrogative and relative pronouns

Words that are answered by nouns (who? what?), adjectives (what? whose? what?), numerals (how much?), form a group of interrogative pronouns. " What will I do for the people? Danko shouted louder than thunder. Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, andHow many years of Petrusha?

The same pronouns without a question, as well as the pronoun which They are used to link simple sentences into complex sentences. These are relative pronouns.

In sentences containing a question, pronouns what, how much interrogative. Let the Nazis knowWhat able Russian patriot and Bolshevik. Look,How many flat-bottomed scows lies on my shore,How many fishing nets are dried on oars made into goats. IN complex sentences allied words which, what, how much- relative pronouns.

Interrogative pronouns Who And What have no gender or number. Verbs-predicates associated with them are used in the singular: Who knocking at the gate?What there is noiseWhat there ringing from afar early before the dawn?
Pronoun related words Who, are used in the masculine form: Who did he say that?What - in the middle kind: What did it happen to me?

Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases, numbers and genders and are declined like adjectives. They agree with nouns in case, number and gender.

Declension of pronounswho, what, whose

	Pronouns
	Singular				Plural
AND.	Who	What	whose, whose	whose	whose
R.	whom	what	whose	whose	whose
D.	to whom	what	whose	whose	whose
IN.	whom	What	whose, whose, whose	whose	whose (whose)
T.	by whom	how	whose	whose	whose
P.	(o)com	(about what	(about) whose	(oh) whose	(about) whose

pronoun declensionHow many

When parsing by members of a sentence, the pronoun How many together with the noun it governs is treated as one: Sasha cried as the forest was cut down, and now she feels sorry for him to tears.How many there were curlybirches ! (How many birches - subject ).

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

indefinite pronouns ( ne who, ne what, ne which, ne how many etc.) indicate indefinite objects, signs, quantity: Somebody played the violin ... the girl sang in a soft contralto, laughter was heard; He was ready to go to the ends of the world to doanything ; And from the darkness of the branches looked at the walkingsomething terrible, dark, cold; It became scary, as if in this silence silently lay in wait for him.some danger;Some for a while he sat motionless, listening with one ear to the noises and rustles of the night.

Someone, something, something, some, some These are indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding prefixes to interrogative and relative pronouns something (something, some and etc. ) And non- (ne who, ne what, ne How many and etc. ) , which is always under stress, as well as suffixes -something, -either, -someone (someone, anyone, somebody and etc. ) .

Indefinite pronouns change according to the type of pronouns from which they are formed. Pronouns someone, something, someone, someone, somebody, anyone and others change like interrogative and relative pronouns, while the endings of pronouns with suffixes - something, something, something in oblique cases appear inside the word before the suffix: someone, someone, someone, someone, about someone; some, some, some, some, about some; anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone.

In indefinite pronouns with a prefix something prepositions in oblique cases come after this prefix: with someone, about something, with someone, for something and etc.
Pronoun ne Who has only one form of the nominative case: livedsomeone a man without a root…. Pronoun ne What It has two forms - nominative and accusative: Happenedsomething unforeseen. I sawsomething unexpected.

Pronoun ne cue is obsolete, modern language is rarely used and, as a rule, only in the nominative case: Some The rich man, Mr. Kovalevsky, decided at his own risk and fear to build a water pipe for the city.

Pronoun ne How many changes like a pronoun How many. In the nominative and accusative cases, it requires the placement of nouns after itself in the form genitive, plural: It's been moresome anxious days; The boy was surprised that a policeman andsome civilian man.

In a sentence, indefinite pronouns are subject: Someone came to your house (commended ( Who? ) - somebody); additions: I wanted to tell you about this for a long time, but I was, I don’t remember, entertained by something (entertained ( how? ) - something); definitions: My soul here is compressed by some kind of grief (grief ( what? ) - somehow).

NEGATIVE PRONOUNS

Negative pronouns ( nobody, nothing, ne whom, ne nothing, nothing, nobody, not at all etc.) serve to deny the presence of any object, feature, quantity, or to reinforce the negative meaning of the entire sentence.
They are formed from interrogative (relative) pronouns using an unstressed prefix ni- (no one, nothing, none, no one) and impact attachment non- (ne whom, ne what).

Pronouns ne whom, ne what do not have a nominative case.

Negative pronouns change by cases, numbers, and in the singular - by gender. Pronoun nobody does not change either by numbers or by gender.
Pronouns nobody, nobody, nobodye whom, ne what can be used with a preposition that comes after the prefix: from no one, on nothing, under no one, for no one, from no one, not because of anything etc. Sintsov could notno one find out when the train to Minsk, with which he was supposed to go, will go.From no one ask when it's your fault.

If the predicate has a particle Not, then a negative pronoun with neither reinforces the negative meaning of the whole sentence: INot I want to make you sadnothing ; Plainlynobody nothing did not know.

Prefix pronouns non- (ne what, ne whom) most often used in impersonal sentences, the predicate in which is expressed indefinite form verb: Well, do it nownothing ; He already told me everything about himself, and I wasnothing tell.

Negative pronouns in a sentence are subjects, objects, definitions: Imagine I'm here alone, no one understands me(nobody - subject). There was no one in the hall, all the people ran to look at Kirila Petrovich(nobody - addition). I tried to appear cheerful and indifferent, so as not to arouse any suspicion and avoid annoying questions (no - definition ) .

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours indicate to which person the object belongs.

Pronoun my indicates that the subject belongs to the speaker himself: My friend Samad Virgun, leaving Baku, arrived in London. Is yours indicates that the object belongs to the person with whom we are talking: Far away, in the mountains of the Urals,is yours the boy is sleeping. Ours, yours indicate that an object belongs to many persons or objects: With the blood of righteous scarletour friendship forever sealed; Which ones are temporary? Get off! it's overyour time.

Pronoun mine denotes the belonging of the subject to the speaker, or his interlocutor, or a third party, who are the subjects in the sentence: What I want? For what purpose will I open my soul to youmy ? (I…mine). Do not understand those who did not wait for them, as in the midst of a fire waitingtheir you saved me. (You ... yours). The dawn rises in a cold haze; on the fields, the noise of work ceased; Withhis like a hungry wolf, a wolf comes out on the road. (He ... with his).

Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours change, like adjectives, in cases ( ours - ours - ours, ours - ours - about ours), numbers ( yours - yours) and childbirth ( my, mine, mine). … Is yours sad noise,is yours I heard the summoning noise for the last time. What are you bending over the waters, willow, crownmy ? October has already come - the grove is already shaking off last sheets nakedtheir branches.

All of these pronouns in the sentence are agreed definitions.

To indicate belonging, personal pronouns of the 3rd person in the form of the genitive case can be used him, her, them. Winter!his the horse, smelling the snow, trots somehow. Possessive pronoun his (horse) indicates that horse belongs peasant (horse) whose? - him, the peasant), it does not agree with the word horse ( compare: his horse, his horse, his bulls). Happened to the nightingale at the noisetheir fly in. Possessive pronoun their remains unchanged if the noun is replaced ( their noise, their quarrel, their cries).

Distinguishing personal pronounshim, her, them from possessive pronounshim, her, them

DEACTIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns that, this, such, such, so much, this ( obsolete ) serve to distinguish among others any specific object, attribute, quantity. I would strictly forbidthis gentlemen to drive up to the capitals at a shot. Mother nature! When wouldsuch sometimes you didn’t send people to the world, the field of life would die out. AllThis It would be funny if it weren't so sad. How many headsso many minds. You listen to the roar of thunders, and the voice of the storm and the waves, and the cry of the rural shepherds - and send an answer; you have no feedback...Such and you, the poet!

Sometimes demonstrative pronouns that, such, such, so much serve for education complex sentences: Ten minutes had not passed, when at the end of the square appearedThat which we have been waiting for. In this case, they are demonstrative words in the main clause, in the subordinate clause, as a rule, they correspond to relative pronouns, which are allied words in it: ANDthe one who walks through life with a song,That will never disappear anywhere; Yes, pitifulthe one in whom conscience is not clear;That the heart does not learn to love,which tired of hating; For every sip of water, people had to pay Mr. Kovalevskyas much as he wishes.

Demonstrative pronouns are also a means of connecting independent sentences in the text: A person who wants to become a scientist should develop the ability to work hard as soon as possible.To that I would add one more quality, especially important for a scientist - absolute honesty.

Pronouns that, this, this, this change in the same way as full adjectives - by cases, numbers and gender: You are right: from the fireThat whoever manages to stay with you for a day will come out unharmed, will breathe the air alone and the mind will survive in it; Let Molchalin have a lively mind, a brave genius, but is there anythat passion?That feeling? ardorthat so that, besides you, the whole world seemed to him as dust and vanity; Herethose who lived to gray hair; Am I fromthose for whom the purpose of all life is laughter.

Pronoun such is changes like short adjective (such, such, such, such), that is, by numbers and gender: Whom do I lovesuch is : Molchalin is ready to forget himself for others; What is the mastersuch is and business; What is Ustinyasuch is she also has boots.

Pronoun so many changes, as a quantitative numeral, only in cases, agrees in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative, with nouns. In the nominative and similar accusative case, the pronoun so many requires a noun in the genitive case.

Demonstrative pronouns can be different members of a sentence: Who was nothing will become everything. That - subject. Hints are thin on what no one knows. hints for what? for that- addition. This book is a small volume, much heavier. Which book? this - definition. The peculiarity of the local climate is such that winter immediately turns into summer. Takova acts as a predicate.

DEFINITIONAL PRONOUNS

Definitive pronouns - all, every, every, every obsolete ), each, himself, the most, any, different, other.

Pronouns each, any, most point to one object from a series of homogeneous: Every those who are young, give them in your arms - into our ranks, friends!; It was him, thatmost sailor!;Any work is good.

Pronoun any indicates any object from many homogeneous: Learn to control yourself; Notany you, like me, will understand; inexperience leads to trouble;Any the work of the master praises.

Pronouns all, everyone define an object as something indivisible: We, the young, echo that songthe whole globe of the earth.

Pronoun myself indicates the person or thing that performs the action: Climbing up withO big sleep, beats on the branches with a club andmyself he sings a daring, boastful song to himself.

Pronoun most, in addition to the meaning mentioned above, can denote the highest degree sign, serve to form the superlative degree of adjectives: The most a great victory will come only to those who know how to win over themselvesthe most small victories that are invisible to others.

Declension of attributive pronouns

Cases	Singular
	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.
AND.	all everything	all	by myself	herself	the most the most	the most
R.	Total	all	most	most	most	most
D.	everything	all	himself	most	himself	most
IN.	all everything Total	all	by myself most	most herself	the most the most most	most
T.	everyone	all	by ourselves	most	most	most
P.	(both) all	(both) all	(about) himself	(about) herself	(about) himself	(about) herself

Cases	Plural
	M.r	Wed	Zh.r.
AND.	All	themselves	the most
R.	all	themselves	most
D.	everyone	by ourselves	most
IN.	everything, everyone	themselves, themselves	most, most
T.	everyone	themselves	most
P.	(o) all	(about) themselves	(about) the most

The accusative case of masculine and neuter singular and plural pronouns coincides in form with the nominative if the pronoun refers to inanimate nouns, and with the genitive if the pronoun refers to animate nouns.
Accusative feminine pronoun herself has two forms: most And herself. Form herself used in colloquial speech.

Pronoun- this is an independent non-significant part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun acts as a substitute in the text.

Pronoun ranks by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns by meaning:

1. Personal : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns indicate the participants in the dialogue ( I, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects ( he, she, it, they).

2. returnable : myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of the person or thing called the subject, the person or thing called the word itself ( He won't hurt himself. Hopes did not justify themselves).

3. Possessive : . Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object ( This is my portfolio. Its size is very convenient).

4. pointing : this, that, such, such, so much, this(outdated), this(outdated). These pronouns indicate a sign or quantity of objects.

5. Determinants : himself, most, all, everyone, each, any, other, different, everyone(outdated), all kinds(outdated). Definitive pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.

6. Interrogative : who, what, which, which, whose, how much. Interrogative pronouns serve as special interrogative words and indicate persons, objects, attributes, and quantity.

7. relative : the same as interrogative ones, in the function of linking parts of a complex sentence ( allied words).

8. Negative : nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.

9. indefinite : someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns by the prefix something- or suffixes - then, either, something.

Ranks of pronouns by grammatical features

According to their grammatical features, pronouns correlate with nouns, adjectives and numerals. Pronominal nouns indicate a person or an object, pronominal adjectives indicate an attribute of an object, pronominal numbers indicate a quantity.

TO noun pronouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive self, interrogative-relative who and what and negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, etc.).

TO adjective pronouns all possessives, all definitives, demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, this, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite ones formed from them (none, nobody, some, some, some, etc.).

TO pronouns-numerals pronouns are as many as those formed from them ( a few, some and etc.).

Grammatical features of pronouns-nouns

Pronominal nouns include the following pronouns: personal self , you, he, she, it, we, you, they, returnable myself, interrogative-relative Who And What and the negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, nobody, nothing, someone, something, someone, something, anything and etc.).

These pronouns have grammatical features similar to the grammatical features of nouns, but they also have certain differences from significant nouns. Who can ask them questions? or what ?, in a sentence, these words act mainly as subjects or objects.

Consider the morphological features of pronouns-nouns.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces :

1 person: me, we;

2 person: you you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

The morphological feature of the person of pronouns is expressed out of word - personal endings of the verb in the present or future tense indicative mood and forms imperative mood verb, i.e. those verbal forms that have a morphological feature of a person:

1st person: I'm going, we're going;

2nd person: you go-eat, go-and-, you go-e, go-and-te;

3rd person: he, she, it goes, let it go, they go, let it go.

For other pronouns-nouns, as well as for all significant nouns, it is not customary to determine the person.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers . Personal pronouns are singular ( I, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they) numbers.

Noun pronouns have a constant feature kind . This question, like the question of number, is poorly covered in school textbooks. We will proceed from the following provisions. All personal pronouns have a constant gender sign, which, like significant nouns, is expressed out of word.

Pronouns I and you are of the general gender: I, you came - I, you came.

The pronoun he is masculine: he came.

The pronoun she is feminine: she came.

The pronoun is neuter: it came-o.

Plural pronouns we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their V. p. coincides with R. p. ( no you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change according to cases , i.e. inclined.

In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to pronouns of the 3rd person: him, to them, from her. The addition does not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, contrary to, etc .: thanks to her, according to him.

The reflexive pronoun-noun itself has no gender or number. It declines in the same way as the personal pronoun you, except that the pronoun yourself does not have the form I. p.

Interrogative-relative pronouns who are masculine singular ( who came, but not who came or who came), and the pronoun that is the neuter singular ( what happened).

Formed from the pronouns who and what, negative and indefinite pronouns have the same features as the pronouns who and what. A feature of the indefinite pronouns someone and something is that someone has the form only I. p., and something- I. p. and V. p. A negative pronouns no one And nothing, on the contrary, do not have the form I. p.

Negative and indefinite pronouns with prefixes not- and ni-, when used with prepositions, “pass” the preposition into themselves: with no one, with no one.

Grammatical features of pronouns-adjectives

All possessive pronouns are adjectives ( mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs), all determinants ( himself, most, all, everyone, each, any, other, other, everyone, everyone), demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, this, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite formed from them ( none, nobody, some, some, some and etc.).

Pronouns-adjectives have grammatical features similar to those of significant adjectives: they have inconstant signs of gender, number and case , in which they agree with the noun to which they refer, in the sentence they are the definition or (rarely) the nominal part of the predicate.

Possessive pronouns deserve special mention. him, her and them. Unlike the words my, yours, ours, yours, the pronouns his, her, and theirs are invariable (cf.: his house, desk, window; his houses, desks, windows). Immutability is their constant feature.

Pronouns-adjectives such and such do not change by case and are used only in the function of a predicate.

Grammatical features of pronouns-numerals

Pronouns-numerals are few. These are the words how many, how many and the pronouns formed from them are several, how much, how much.

Like significant numerals, these words do not have morphological signs of gender and number, they change by case and are combined with nouns in a special way: they control R. p. pl. noun numbers in I. p. and V. p. and agree with the noun in oblique cases. These words are declined the same way:

I. p. how much

R. p. how many

D. p. how many

V. p. how much

Etc. how many

P. p. how many.

The word is not at all usually referred to as pronouns, but as adverbs, since it is invariable.

Morphological analysis of the pronoun

Pronouns are morphologically sorted according to the following plan: I. Part of speech. General value. Initial form (i. p., singular). II. Morphological features: 1. Permanent signs: a) rank by value, b) person (for personal pronouns), c) number (for pronounsme, you, you ) 2. Variable signs: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role

SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF PRONOUNS

In the gallery, some disconcerted citizen found in his pocket a bundle tied up in a bank method and with the inscription on the cover “One thousand rubles” ... A few seconds later, the rain of money, getting thicker, reached the chairs, and the audience began to catch pieces of paper (M. A. Bulgakov).

I. Some (what?) - a pronoun, the initial form of some.

inconsistent signs: in husband. kind, unit number, I. p.

III. Citizen (what?) Some (definition).

I. (At) yourself (who?) - pronoun, the initial form of yourself (R. p.)

II. Permanent signs: recurrent;

non-permanent signs: in R. p.

III. I found (where?) in myself (circumstance).

I. Several (how many?) - pronoun, initial form several.

II. Permanent signs: indefinite;

non-permanent signs: in V. p..

III. Reached (when?) in a few seconds (circumstance).

MEANING AND GRAMMATIC FEATURES OF THE PRONOUN

Pronoun - a part of speech that indicates objects, signs and quantities, but does not name them. An icy stream snaked through the hollow, beyondhim lay the village of Dubrovitsy. The fight ended after an hour.He sometimes it flared up here and there, then it completely died down. The same pronoun He in various sentences indicates an object, but does not name it. The lexical meaning of this pronoun is determined by the context. In the first sentence He- This Creek, in the second the battle.

Some a man, sitting on the ground two steps away from him, fired into the sky with a revolver. Pronoun some indicates a sign, but does not directly correlate with a specific word. It can be replaced by any adjective ( unfamiliar, unknown, alien, strange, young, old and so on.).

Suddenly they jumped out of the forestsome people and began to frantically wave their hands. Pronoun some indicates the number of objects, but does not name a specific number. It can be replaced by any numeral ( five, eight, ten, thirty, nine, eleven etc.).

Pronouns that refer to things ( I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they, yourself, who, what, someone, something, anyone, anything, anyone, anything, someone, something, someone, something, no one, nothing, nobody, nothing), have some characteristics of nouns. Pronouns someone, anyone, somebody, someone, someone, he indicate masculine nouns, she- female, it, that, something, something, something, something, something, nothing- neuter. Pronouns I, you indicate masculine, feminine ( I did, I did, you decided, you decided).

Pronouns me, you, you, we who point to animate objects, and What- on the inanimate.

Some of these pronouns are both singular and plural: he, it, she, they.

All these pronouns change by case. Their case forms retain traces of changes in pronouns in ancient times, for example: you - about you; you are about you; she is about her and others. That is why almost every pronoun changes in its own way.

Pronouns that indicate a sign ( mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, that, this, such, such, such, any, each, any, whole, whole, different, other, himself, most, which, which, whose, what, some, any, any, someone, someone, someone, some, some, some, none, none, no one), have the grammatical features of adjectives. They change in cases, numbers and gender, and agree with nouns: any book, any object, any work, any news, about any work etc. Unlike adjectives, they do not have a short form.

There are very few pronouns indicating quantity: how much, how many, a few, how much, not at all. They change only in cases.

The initial form of pronouns is the nominative singular.

In a sentence, pronouns are used as a subject, definition, addition, less often - circumstances: If you only knew... if you only realized what a great thing we are doing! Something close to envy touched the mother's heart. Someone's strong hand clenched his mother's fingers, someone's voice spoke excitedly: "Your son will be an example of courage for all of us." She was searched several times, but always on the day after the leaflets appeared at the factory. you, we, something are subject (who? you, we, something); pronouns ( For) us, her,(after) that - additions ( example for whom? - for us, searched whom? - her, appeared after what? - After that); pronouns what (case), someone's (hand), someone's (voice), your (son), all (us), another (day) - agreed definitions, they all answer the question what?; pronoun repeatedly) - circumstance.

The pronoun can be used as a predicate, but much less often: Now he's mine! I myself am like that - and I do not boast of this more than that. I know who you were. In these sentences, pronouns mine, that's who - predicates, they answer questions what? who is he?

CATS OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING

According to their meaning and grammatical features, pronouns are divided into several categories:

• - personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
• - returnable: myself
• - interrogative:
• - relative: who, what, which, whose, which, what, how much
• - indefinite: ne who, ne what, ne which, ne how many
• - negative: nobody, nothing, nobody, nobodye whom, ne what
• - possessive: mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs
• - indicative: that, this, such, such, so much
• - defining: all, everyone, each, himself, the most, any, other, other

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns I And You indicate the participants in the speech. I just need to touch the mathI again I will forget everything in the world.You Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region? The author talks about himself I ... forget, it's worth touching me) or addresses the interlocutor ( Do you remember?..).

Pronouns he, she, it, they indicate the subject that is being said, has been said before or will be said. They serve to connect independent sentences in the text: The doctor was young and so tiny that she looked like a girl. Serpilin and Sintsov standing next to him, and everyone who was around, looked ather with wonder and tenderness or simple sentences in complex ones: Serpilin, leaning on a stick, hobbled to the stands,They were almost full. Pronoun (on) her related to noun doctor in the previous independent sentence. Pronoun They - with a noun stands in the first part of a complex sentence.

Pronouns we you do not mean "a lot of me", "a lot of you". They indicate the speaker or his interlocutor along with other persons.

Pronoun You can refer to one person. Iyou I loved. Love, perhaps, has not entirely died out in my soul. The verb-predicate and the short form of adjectives and participles are used in the plural: You they wrote to me, do not deny; beloved, meYou did not love;You maybe we should bless fate for the fact that I don’t want to take off the mask; For thatYou punished by me.

If the predicate is expressed by the adjective of the full form, then it is used in the singular: “ You a literate man,” Serpilin finally said, breaking the silence that was painful for Sintsov. "Indeed,You is hungry!” Yolkin said.

Pronouns You And You can denote not a specific person, but any person:

Did you seeYou how, under a coniferous roof, a gingerbread man walks in morocco boots ... ?;

How many sunrisesYou met in the forest? No more than two or three, when, disturbing the dew on the blades of grass, wandered aimlessly until dawn.

When declining personal pronouns in indirect cases, sometimes completely new words appear ( I - me, you - you, she - hers, they - them), sometimes at the root there is an alternation of sounds ( me - me, you - you etc.), but all these are forms of one word.

Declension of personal pronouns

Cases	Personal pronouns
AND.	I	You	He	it	she	We	You	They
R.	me	you	his	his	her	us	you	their
D.	to me	you	to him	to him	to her	us	to you	them
IN.	me	you	his	his	her	us	you	their
T.	me	you	them	them	by her (her)	us	you	them
P.	(about me	(about you	(about him	(about him	(about her	(about Us	(about you	(about them

1. Prepositions before, with, to, about (both) etc., standing before the forms of indirect cases of the pronoun I, used with O:before me,co me,to to me,necessary me,both to me.

2. Pronouns of the 3rd person he, she, it, they after prepositions have at the beginning n: at him, near her, near them, towards him, behind her, near him, on her, between them, in front of her, under him, in him, from him and etc.

3. H after the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs is not used: faster than her, further than them, closer to him, more trusting than her, higher than them.

After prepositions thanks to, outside, in spite of, due to, in defiance of, towards, according to, like not used: thanks to her, outside of him, like him, towards them, according to him.

RETURNIVE PRONOUNMYSELF

reflexive pronoun myself indicates the person they are talking about. How many rememberedmyself Serpilin, after the civil war, he studied almost all the time.

Pronoun myself does not have a nominative form, in all oblique cases it changes as a pronoun You.

Pronoun myself does not have a face, number, gender. It can be applied to any person, singular and plural, any gender: I - I saw the sky ... I flew into it, measured it, knew the fall, but did not break, but only stronger inmyself I believe. (I... into myself). INmyself will you take a look? There is no trace of the past. (You ... in yourself). Everyone even became scared when they realized what kind of loneliness he doomsmyself . (He… himself). She couldn't forgiveyourself that left her daughter. (She… to herself). Innocent people feltmyself guilty and nervous at every long stop. (People… themselves).

reflexive pronoun myself in a sentence it is an addition, sometimes a circumstance. And he curled up in a ball on a stone, proud of himself. (proud by whom? yourself). Sintsov jumped up and half-awake began to fumble around him, looking for his cap. (fumbling Where? around you).

Interrogative and relative pronouns

Words that are answered by nouns (who? what?), adjectives (what? whose? what?), numerals (how much?), form a group of interrogative pronouns. " What will I do for the people? Danko shouted louder than thunder. Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, andHow many years of Petrusha?

The same pronouns without a question, as well as the pronoun which They are used to link simple sentences into complex sentences. These are relative pronouns.

In sentences containing a question, pronouns what, how much interrogative. Let the Nazis knowWhat able Russian patriot and Bolshevik. Look,How many flat-bottomed scows lies on my shore,How many fishing nets are dried on oars made into goats. In complex sentences, allied words which, what, how much- relative pronouns.

Interrogative pronouns Who And What have no gender or number. Verbs-predicates associated with them are used in the singular: Who knocking at the gate?What there is noiseWhat there ringing from afar early before the dawn?
Pronoun related words Who, are used in the masculine form: Who did he say that?What - in the middle kind: What did it happen to me?

Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases, numbers and genders and are declined like adjectives. They agree with nouns in case, number and gender.

Declension of pronounswho, what, whose

	Pronouns
	Singular				Plural
AND.	Who	What	whose, whose	whose	whose
R.	whom	what	whose	whose	whose
D.	to whom	what	whose	whose	whose
IN.	whom	What	whose, whose, whose	whose	whose (whose)
T.	by whom	how	whose	whose	whose
P.	(o)com	(about what	(about) whose	(oh) whose	(about) whose

pronoun declensionHow many

When parsing by members of a sentence, the pronoun How many together with the noun it governs is treated as one: Sasha cried as the forest was cut down, and now she feels sorry for him to tears.How many there were curlybirches ! (How many birches - subject ).

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

indefinite pronouns ( ne who, ne what, ne which, ne how many etc.) indicate indefinite objects, signs, quantity: Somebody played the violin ... the girl sang in a soft contralto, laughter was heard; He was ready to go to the ends of the world to doanything ; And from the darkness of the branches looked at the walkingsomething terrible, dark, cold; It became scary, as if in this silence silently lay in wait for him.some danger;Some for a while he sat motionless, listening with one ear to the noises and rustles of the night.

Someone, something, something, some, some These are indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding prefixes to interrogative and relative pronouns something (something, some and etc. ) And non- (ne who, ne what, ne How many and etc. ) , which is always under stress, as well as suffixes -something, -either, -someone (someone, anyone, somebody and etc. ) .

Indefinite pronouns change according to the type of pronouns from which they are formed. Pronouns someone, something, someone, someone, somebody, anyone and others change like interrogative and relative pronouns, while the endings of pronouns with suffixes - something, something, something in oblique cases appear inside the word before the suffix: someone, someone, someone, someone, about someone; some, some, some, some, about some; anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone.

In indefinite pronouns with a prefix something prepositions in oblique cases come after this prefix: with someone, about something, with someone, for something and etc.
Pronoun ne Who has only one form of the nominative case: livedsomeone a man without a root…. Pronoun ne What It has two forms - nominative and accusative: Happenedsomething unforeseen. I sawsomething unexpected.

Pronoun ne cue is obsolete, rarely used in modern language and, as a rule, only in the nominative case: Some The rich man, Mr. Kovalevsky, decided at his own risk and fear to build a water pipe for the city.

Pronoun ne How many changes like a pronoun How many. In the nominative and accusative cases, it requires the placement of nouns after itself in the form of the genitive case, plural: It's been moresome anxious days; The boy was surprised that a policeman andsome civilian man.

In a sentence, indefinite pronouns are subject: Someone came to your house (commended ( Who? ) - somebody); additions: I wanted to tell you about this for a long time, but I was, I don’t remember, entertained by something (entertained ( how? ) - something); definitions: My soul here is compressed by some kind of grief (grief ( what? ) - somehow).

NEGATIVE PRONOUNS

Negative pronouns ( nobody, nothing, ne whom, ne nothing, nothing, nobody, not at all etc.) serve to deny the presence of any object, feature, quantity, or to reinforce the negative meaning of the entire sentence.
They are formed from interrogative (relative) pronouns using an unstressed prefix ni- (no one, nothing, none, no one) and impact attachment non- (ne whom, ne what).

Pronouns ne whom, ne what do not have a nominative case.

Negative pronouns change by cases, numbers, and in the singular - by gender. Pronoun nobody does not change either by numbers or by gender.
Pronouns nobody, nobody, nobodye whom, ne what can be used with a preposition that comes after the prefix: from no one, on nothing, under no one, for no one, from no one, not because of anything etc. Sintsov could notno one find out when the train to Minsk, with which he was supposed to go, will go.From no one ask when it's your fault.

If the predicate has a particle Not, then a negative pronoun with neither reinforces the negative meaning of the whole sentence: INot I want to make you sadnothing ; Plainlynobody nothing did not know.

Prefix pronouns non- (ne what, ne whom) most often used in impersonal sentences, in which the predicate is expressed in an indefinite form of the verb: Well, do it nownothing ; He already told me everything about himself, and I wasnothing tell.

Negative pronouns in a sentence are subjects, objects, definitions: Imagine I'm here alone, no one understands me(nobody - subject). There was no one in the hall, all the people ran to look at Kirila Petrovich(nobody - addition). I tried to appear cheerful and indifferent, so as not to arouse any suspicion and avoid annoying questions (no - definition ) .

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours indicate to which person the object belongs.

Pronoun my indicates that the subject belongs to the speaker himself: My friend Samad Virgun, leaving Baku, arrived in London. Is yours indicates that the object belongs to the person with whom we are talking: Far away, in the mountains of the Urals,is yours the boy is sleeping. Ours, yours indicate that an object belongs to many persons or objects: With the blood of righteous scarletour friendship forever sealed; Which ones are temporary? Get off! it's overyour time.

Pronoun mine denotes the belonging of the subject to the speaker, or his interlocutor, or a third party, who are the subjects in the sentence: What I want? For what purpose will I open my soul to youmy ? (I…mine). Do not understand those who did not wait for them, as in the midst of a fire waitingtheir you saved me. (You ... yours). The dawn rises in a cold haze; on the fields, the noise of work ceased; Withhis like a hungry wolf, a wolf comes out on the road. (He ... with his).

Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours change, like adjectives, in cases ( ours - ours - ours, ours - ours - about ours), numbers ( yours - yours) and childbirth ( my, mine, mine). … Is yours sad noise,is yours I heard the summoning noise for the last time. What are you bending over the waters, willow, crownmy ? October has already come - the grove is already shaking off the last leaves from the nakedtheir branches.

All of these pronouns in the sentence are agreed definitions.

To indicate belonging, personal pronouns of the 3rd person in the form of the genitive case can be used him, her, them. Winter!his the horse, smelling the snow, trots somehow. Possessive pronoun his (horse) indicates that horse belongs peasant (horse) whose? - him, the peasant), it does not agree with the word horse ( compare: his horse, his horse, his bulls). Happened to the nightingale at the noisetheir fly in. Possessive pronoun their remains unchanged if the noun is replaced ( their noise, their quarrel, their cries).

Distinguishing personal pronounshim, her, them from possessive pronounshim, her, them

DEACTIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns that, this, such, such, so much, this ( obsolete ) serve to distinguish among others any specific object, attribute, quantity. I would strictly forbidthis gentlemen to drive up to the capitals at a shot. Mother nature! When wouldsuch sometimes you didn’t send people to the world, the field of life would die out. AllThis It would be funny if it weren't so sad. How many headsso many minds. You listen to the roar of thunders, and the voice of the storm and the waves, and the cry of the rural shepherds - and send an answer; you have no feedback...Such and you, the poet!

Sometimes demonstrative pronouns that, such, such, so much serve to form complex sentences: Ten minutes had not passed, when at the end of the square appearedThat which we have been waiting for. In this case, they are demonstrative words in the main clause, in the subordinate clause, as a rule, they correspond to relative pronouns, which are allied words in it: ANDthe one who walks through life with a song,That will never disappear anywhere; Yes, pitifulthe one in whom conscience is not clear;That the heart does not learn to love,which tired of hating; For every sip of water, people had to pay Mr. Kovalevskyas much as he wishes.

Demonstrative pronouns are also a means of connecting independent sentences in the text: A person who wants to become a scientist should develop the ability to work hard as soon as possible.To that I would add one more quality, especially important for a scientist - absolute honesty.

Pronouns that, this, this, this change in the same way as full adjectives - by cases, numbers and gender: You are right: from the fireThat whoever manages to stay with you for a day will come out unharmed, will breathe the air alone and the mind will survive in it; Let Molchalin have a lively mind, a brave genius, but is there anythat passion?That feeling? ardorthat so that, besides you, the whole world seemed to him as dust and vanity; Herethose who lived to gray hair; Am I fromthose for whom the purpose of all life is laughter.

Pronoun such is changes like a short adjective ( such, such, such, such), that is, by numbers and gender: Whom do I lovesuch is : Molchalin is ready to forget himself for others; What is the mastersuch is and business; What is Ustinyasuch is she also has boots.

Pronoun so many changes, as a quantitative numeral, only in cases, agrees in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative, with nouns. In the nominative and similar accusative case, the pronoun so many requires a noun in the genitive case.

Demonstrative pronouns can be different members of a sentence: Who was nothing will become everything. That - subject. Hints are thin on what no one knows. hints for what? for that- addition. This book is a small volume, much heavier. Which book? this - definition. The peculiarity of the local climate is such that winter immediately turns into summer. Takova acts as a predicate.

DEFINITIONAL PRONOUNS

Definitive pronouns - all, every, every, every obsolete ), each, himself, the most, any, different, other.

Pronouns each, any, most point to one object from a series of homogeneous: Every those who are young, give them in your arms - into our ranks, friends!; It was him, thatmost sailor!;Any work is good.

Pronoun any indicates any object from many homogeneous: Learn to control yourself; Notany you, like me, will understand; inexperience leads to trouble;Any the work of the master praises.

Pronouns all, everyone define an object as something indivisible: We, the young, echo that songthe whole globe of the earth.

Pronoun myself indicates the person or thing that performs the action: Climbing up withO big sleep, beats on the branches with a club andmyself he sings a daring, boastful song to himself.

Pronoun most, in addition to the above meaning, can denote the highest degree of a feature, serve to form the superlative degree of adjectives: The most a great victory will come only to those who know how to win over themselvesthe most small victories that are invisible to others.

Declension of attributive pronouns

Cases	Singular
	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.	M.r. Wed	Zh.r.
AND.	all everything	all	by myself	herself	the most the most	the most
R.	Total	all	most	most	most	most
D.	everything	all	himself	most	himself	most
IN.	all everything Total	all	by myself most	most herself	the most the most most	most
T.	everyone	all	by ourselves	most	most	most
P.	(both) all	(both) all	(about) himself	(about) herself	(about) himself	(about) herself

Cases	Plural
	M.r	Wed	Zh.r.
AND.	All	themselves	the most
R.	all	themselves	most
D.	everyone	by ourselves	most
IN.	everything, everyone	themselves, themselves	most, most
T.	everyone	themselves	most
P.	(o) all	(about) themselves	(about) the most

The accusative case of masculine and neuter singular and plural pronouns coincides in form with the nominative if the pronoun refers to inanimate nouns, and with the genitive if the pronoun refers to animate nouns.
Accusative feminine pronoun herself has two forms: most And herself. Form herself used in colloquial speech.