Speech intended for the defense of a diploma or graduation qualifying work, it's important. In this article, we will learn how to write a dissertation report? Define the structure of speech for protection thesis. Consider examples of writing a report.

How to write a report (speech) for a diploma

A well-written defense speech for a thesis consists of the following parts:

- It is worth starting the report by highlighting the study. It should be described briefly. Two or three sentences will be quite enough;

— The section of brief conclusions is an important part of the protective word. It is recommended to write about the results of each chapter separately. The best option is to accompany the story with a demonstration of handouts or;

— Presentation of the practical justification of the hypothesis put forward during the work on the project.

Preparing the text of the speech

When preparing a report, you need to carefully re-read the diploma again, highlighting the theses that are most important points. On this stage there is no need to pay attention to their volume and interrelationships. The main thing here is to determine the most important details. Next, you need to combine the selected fragments into a single text and review what was written. A well-written report contains a coherent transition from one thought to another.

The level of education of the audience that will receive the defense is important. For professors and doctors of sciences, there is no need to include explanations of special terms and concepts in the speech. For them detailed explanations will be superfluous. If the chosen topic of work has a narrow specificity, not everyone may be familiar with its terminology. Then a more detailed disclosure of certain concepts is required.

Approximate report plan for the thesis

1. An introduction containing an introduction, the chosen topic and its relevance;
2. Theoretical and practical part. The practical part determines the results of the analysis, identification of problems and proposals for their elimination;
3. Forecasts and expectations from the implemented changes, recommendations designed to address issues raised during the work;
4. Conclusions.

After the greeting of the members of the attestation commission has been pronounced, the main part of the speech should begin. Be sure to voice the topic of the thesis, exactly as it is presented in the documents. This should contain the answer to the question regarding the novelty of the research and the relevance of the work. The report will need to define the subject and object of the project, present the basis of the graduation project, research methods, used bibliographic sources.

For general idea WRC in the report should write about the structure, the number of chapters, the list of literature that was required for the project.

Finishing the report on the defense of the diploma should be summing up the results of the work done, the result of which is the graduation project. The conclusions may partially overlap. At the end of the speech, an objective assessment of the work done should be given, without an impartial opinion, subjective attitude and suggestions of the author. The speech ends with an appeal to the chairman, members of the attestation commission, who should be thanked for their attention.

An example of the structure of a diploma report (template)

Dear chairman and members of the State Attestation Commission!

Your attention is presented a report on the results of the thesis on the topic ...
The research topic is relevant. (Next 2-3 sentences about relevance. , object, can be taken from the introduction of the thesis)
The object of research is…
is …
The aim of the study was…
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: ...

(describe others structural elements introduction without the need is not worth it, too much text takes a lot of time in the speech, it is desirable to keep within 5-7 minutes, which corresponds to reading about 4-5 pages of the report. For the same reasons, the conclusions on the theoretical part of the work can be omitted, going straight to the analytical part..)

The study revealed…

(Next come the conclusions on the analysis of the thesis, described at the end of chapters and. In addition to the conclusions, if necessary, you can insert a couple of sentences from the analysis itself, which can be supported by illustrations (tables and graphs), this will be useful when compiling a presentation or handout.)

During the study, we identified the following problems ...
To solve the identified problems, it was proposed ...
As a result of the implementation of the proposed activities (or experiments, depending on the specialty), ...

The report is over, thank you for your attention!

Sample report for the thesis

Rules for reading a report (speech) at the defense of a diploma

Speaking before the commission, one should not be afraid of failure and be nervous. It is excessive excitement that can lead to the fact that the student begins to get lost, confuse words, and may even forget the words of speech.

Confident appearance is able to protect the graduate from additional questions from the commission. The final qualifying work should be presented clearly and without hesitation. It is best to learn the prepared speech text. Speaking in front of an audience, reading a report on a piece of paper, does not look very nice, it speaks of an irresponsible attitude. As a hint, it is better to use presentation slides or posters.

You should know that a well-prepared defense and a confident performance guarantees the defense of a diploma for the highest mark.

The preparation of a report on the defense of a thesis is no less important and responsible, as is the writing of the diploma itself. Sometimes a well-conducted research work gets an underestimation for the reason that the student could not deliver the speech correctly and conduct the speech with confidence. The speech for the defense of the diploma is prepared more carefully and a plan has been developed for its construction, which allows the graduate to take into account all the nuances and effectively prepare the speech.

This article will consider the structure of the presentation of the diploma, the plan, and it will also be possible to download examples of speech, on the basis of which you can write a report yourself.

However, if you have any difficulties, you can order a speech for a diploma on our portal.

Competent specialists with extensive experience will create and prepare an effective presentation for you.

The structure of the report on the defense of the graduation project

The rules for creating a report for a presentation on defending a thesis are written in many books. We recommend reading the book by Gavin Kennedy "You can agree on everything!".

Before you start writing a report for a speech, you should ask yourself three main questions:

1. What do I want to convey in this message?
2. What should be heard in admission committee to understand that the goal of the work has been achieved?
3. How many minutes do I need to make a presentation?

After you answer these questions, start writing the report.

It is necessary to prepare an introductory speech, based on the structure of the text:

• introductory sphere;
• the main idea;
• final area.

The report on the graduation project should be relevant and disclose the goals, objectives and conclusion of the project. It is very important to start the speech by greeting the members of the commission. Let's take a closer look at each part of the report.

Introduction

There are 3 main functions of speech:

• The introductory part is designed to attract the attention of the members of the commission.
• It should create a trusting relationship between the speaker and the audience from the first minutes.
• The introduction should be concise and clear so that the audience hears the Author.

In terms of time, the introductory part should not take more than 15% of the allotted time for the defense. So try to write concisely.

Main thought

This part of the thesis defense report should have the main theses of the project. In view of this, it is not recommended to weigh down with a meticulous description of the theory. It is only necessary to designate the base and express a personal view of the theory. Next, you need to go to the analysis of the object research work.

In speech, you need to write brief description selected object and present the main results of the analysis. Then, in the report, it is necessary to write recommendations issued to the enterprise to eliminate the problem, which were reflected in the research work. This section takes approximately 65%-70% of the time limit.

Final part

As with any other writing scientific project, the final part includes conclusions. However, they must be written briefly, without delving into step-by-step research.

Three points for writing an effective conclusion text:

1. Summarize the report by briefly summarizing the basis of the speech.
2. It is necessary to create in the audience a sense of the logical conclusion of the presentation.
3. The last impression must be completed on a positive aspect with an emotional ending to the performance.

As a rule, this part is no more than 10% of the time.

How to write correctly and avoid mistakes. Recommendations:

• do not exceed the allotted time;
• no need to pedantically delve into the nuances;
• the concluding part should not raise new issues;
• you forgot to say something - better keep quiet about it.

Everything that is not clear to the commission, they will clarify by additional questions. Writing a diploma yourself is a big plus, because. you can prepare for additional answers.

However, if there are difficulties in writing a diploma or a defense speech, we recommend the services of portal specialists who will provide comprehensive assistance in creating a high-quality and effective speech.

How to effectively defend a thesis?

In order for the presentation to create a positive effect, you should develop 3 personality traits:

• understand the needs of the commission;
• be attentive to your message;
• be able to deal with anxiety.

• How logical is the speech plan? Having a beginning, middle and end.
• Will it be convenient for me to express it? Are complex phrases and terminology missing? Is it easy to understand me?
• Do all my suggestions and conclusions correspond to real facts?
• Does the audience have the knowledge to accurately understand the terms used?
• Are all the words in the presentation correct and accurate?
• Is it possible to draw a clear conclusion by listening to my speech?

If you answered “Yes” to all the questions, congratulations! You have effectively used the rules and examples to create a clear presentation.

Moral readiness No. 1 or how to cope with excitement

In addition to the plan and structure of the presentation for the defense of the thesis, there are unspoken rules. Stick to them and you'll be surprised how easy it is to deal with anxiety.

1. Speech should be slow, but not slow. When a person speaks quickly, it leads to rapid breathing and increased excitement. It also reduces the receptivity of the report to the audience.
2. Don't speak loudly. The calmer and quieter the voice sounds, the more convincing you are.
3. Breathing through the stomach.
4. Control your voice - change its tone, volume and tempo. Don't be monotonous and boring.
5. Before you say something important, slow down and lower your voice.
6. The emotional component of the speech should color with a little excitement (as before an important discovery) and enthusiasm.
7. You have to believe in yourself and your work and demonstrate it to everyone.
8. Try not to read from the list. You must have eye contact with the audience.
9. Move the sheets of speech to the side, and do not turn them over.

Non-verbal tricks:

• visual contact with members of the commission;
• do not fuss;
• confidence in movements;
• perform better while standing;
• in the first minutes of the speech - tilt your head slightly, as if greeting everyone, smile slightly and with a slow friendly look to the audience;
• take a comfortable position and straighten your back;
• use the gestures that you are already used to.

Thus, you will radiate self-confidence, and it will be transferred to the members of the commission. Try to create a positive atmosphere, thereby endearing your audience.

Presentation Sample

When creating a presentation for a project, you must be guided by the following structure:

• designation of the subject of the project;
• the relevance of the issues and questions raised;
• object and subject of research work;
• purpose and objective of the project;
• research methods;
• concise presentation of the object;
• conclusions about the object under study, reflected in the subject of the work.

Example:a project from the field of economics, it is necessary to emphasize the results of production research, financial reporting, company culture, problematic aspects of management, advertising and marketing, and more.

• identified reasons that impede the positive dynamics of the growth of the object;
• personal conclusions;
• suggestions for improvement and elimination of problems, based on the theme of the project;
• conducting an evaluation of the activities proposed in the course of the study;
• proposals for events;
• development prospects;
• what is the practicality of the work done;
• responses to edits and comments of the reviewer;
• answers to additional questions from the audience.

As mentioned earlier, the speech of the presentation should be based on three points. It is also necessary to briefly indicate the theory and object of work, draw conclusions about the results of the developed and implemented activities.

An example is a sample of defensive speech:

1. Appeal to state commission and the chairman with the obligatory full title of the topic of work.
2. Brief but informative description of the object and its problems. It is recommended to take from the introduction of the thesis.
3. Further, “The topic I have chosen for the research work is relevant today, because ... "
4. Then describe the goals and objectives of the project. They are also taken from the introduction, but we advise you to shorten it so as not to exceed the allotted time limit.
5. Then, point to the object, as well as information sources from where the material was taken. Be sure to include research methods. This information is also reflected in the introduction.
6. Then, he paints the structure of the diploma, namely “The thesis includes the “number” of chapters, the “number” of sections, etc.”
7. Then move on to chapter descriptions: “The first chapter raised issues such as…”, “The second chapter reflects research methodologies…” “The third chapter has sound practical options for addressing the issues raised. Preventive methods have also been identified to eliminate…”.
8. The final word, you can, for example, say this: Student full name presentation for the final qualifying work is over. Thank you for your attention.

Of course, we have given only examples. You can improve this template and perform at a high level.

So, the first thing you have to submit for defense is the graduation project itself. Properly executed, signed by you, the head, the reviewer and the head of the department. Next, you need to provide a signed sheet with handouts, a signed supervisor's review, a signed and stamped third-party review, and often a CD with a copy of the diploma and handouts.

1. The first thing the defense begins with is a standard greeting: “Dear members of the state attestation commission, your attention is invited to the final qualifying work on the topic ...”. If the secretary named the topic of work before you, then you should not repeat it and you can move on to the main thing.
2. It is necessary to start the speech with a description of the relevance of the topic, because in the work, it is the relevance, its elaboration and scientific novelty that are valued. Therefore, be sure to include these points in your speech.
3. After relevance, goals and objectives follow, it is better to put them on a slide and Handout. This will save you time and will not let you miss the commission.
4. After mentioning the tasks, there is an object and an object, which are also duplicated on the slide.
5. After that, you should talk about the research done, about the developments, about what you did in your thesis, the results of the research, if they have already been put into practice, then by all means add photos, any supporting materials, efficiency calculations to the presentation.

The structure of the main part of speech

Methodology
Its application
Efficiency mark
Recommendations

6. In the conclusion of the speech, you can indicate the practical significance of the work (2-3 lines).
Then say: “Thank you for your attention, the report is over and you are waiting for questions from the commission.”

As for the questions of the members of the attestation commission, believe me, no one except you knows the issues that you raised in your work, so the questions will relate to understanding the material that you went through during training and applied in your final graduation work. Most importantly, when answering a question, think a little, do not go beyond the scope of the question asked, connect your vision, because. members of the commission will evaluate both the content part and your ability as a specialist to answer questions.

Recall that the speech is given 5-7 minutes of time and it is not advisable to exceed it. It is important to defend the work briefly and to the point.

The structure of the speech for the defense of the diploma

Dear Chairman and Members of the State Examination Commission.

Your attention is presented to the graduation project on the topic ....... for the organization ...... .. student full name

The purpose of the graduation project is …….

Achieving the goal can be achieved by implementing the following tasks:

-…………….

The relevance of the topic of the graduation project "Name of the topic."

The research topic is important because the task of its own representation on the Internet is to convey the necessary information to the maximum number of people. This is the efficiency and scale of providing information to a wide range of users.

Object of research - organization's activities …………..

Subject of research - organization website …………………

Research methods: systematic analysis of literature, acquaintance with specialized publications from Internet resources.

In the first chapter of the graduation project was produced ……………….

After the analysis of all existing means, it was decided to choose the means for the implementation of the graduation project …..

Tell about the content of the work (second chapter)

Conclusions, conclusion

An example of a finished speech for the defense of a diploma in GMU

Dear chairman and members of the attestation commission!

Relevance of our graduation project is due to the fact that in modern conditions improvement of personnel policy in local self-government bodies is a powerful reserve for increasing the efficiency of activities. Also, attestation is a significant personnel technology, with the help of which it is possible to assess the level of professional and qualified training of municipal employees.

aim graduation project is the development of a program to improve the certification of municipal employees in the administration of the Berezovsky urban district. Tasks, object and subject of research are presented on slide 3.4.

In the first chapter "Peculiarities of certification of municipal employees: theoretical aspects" we consider the concept of certification from different points of view. Some concepts of certification are given on slide 6. Here we are studying the legal documents that regulate the certification of municipal employees (slide 7).

Analyzing various concepts and legal documents, we come to the conclusion that certification as a system includes such elements as objects and subjects of certification (slide 8). Also in the first chapter, certification is considered by us as a kind of management process that includes various procedures or activities. They are indicated on slide 9. Then, in the first chapter, we look at the subjects of assessment, procedures and assessment tools that can be seen on slides 10,11,12.

Analysis of theoretical literature and normative documents allows us to conclude that certification is a process for the successful completion of which various procedures are carried out. We list them: this is the formation of an attestation commission; further is the approval of the certification schedule. This also includes the compilation of lists of municipal employees subject to certification; preparation of documents necessary for the work of the attestation commission. Also, in the certification process, various subjects or aspects of assessment are distinguished, for example, assessment of the level of prof. knowledge, skills, abilities, the degree of achievement of results in the activities of an employee in accordance with the position held. The attestation procedure also includes the approval by the members of the commission of a decision on which assessment tools will be used. Finally, as a separate process, one can single out the summing up of the results of the assessment, as a result of which the objects and subjects of certification can receive objective information and a high degree satisfaction.

In the second chapter, which is called "The specifics of the certification in the administration of the Berezovsky city district", we study the general characteristics of the activities and structure of the administration of the Berezovsky city district, which can be seen on slide 14. Here, in the second chapter, we analyze the activities of the personnel service of the administration of the Berezovsky city district, and also the staffing of municipal employees who underwent certification in 2011 (slide 15). In the course of it, the results of the professional performance of municipal employees were evaluated on the basis of determining the employee's compliance with the qualification requirements for the position he is filling, the complexity of the work performed, as well as assessing its effectiveness and efficiency. On the next slide, you can see what assessment tools were actually used by the attestation commission of the Berezovsky city district. In our opinion, this is about 50% of what could be used. Then here we identify problems in achieving the effectiveness of the certification of municipal employees, and also determine ways to solve them. This material is on slide 17.

Thus, the analysis of the empirical material allows us to make following output: certification of municipal employees in the administration of the Berezovsky urban district is, at first glance, effective. In the assessment process, all subjects or aspects of the assessment are used. But, unfortunately, not all assessment tools are used in this case. Consequently, members of the commission do not have complete objective information on the assessment of the performance of an employee. Accordingly, the final materials characterizing the assessment of the performance of the assessed employee are also incomplete.

The third chapter is called "Draft Program for Improving the Certification of Municipal Employees of the Administration of the Berezovsky City District" we present the program, its goal is to increase the competence of the certification organizers. The goals and objectives of the program are presented on slide 19.

We propose to introduce methodological recommendations for the advisory assistance to members of the certification commission of the administration of the Berezovsky city district for the effective conduct of certification. In our opinion, such recommendations will help managers and members of the attestation commission to more deeply understand the meaning of attestation, to take a thoughtful managerial decision on the use of specific assessment tools, as well as explain all the requirements and procedures to the assessors. Sample structure guidelines are presented on slide 20. In guidelines developed by us, the general evaluation criteria are indicated (slide 21,22). Further, in measures to improve certification, we consider it possible to include such a section as a personal professional development municipal employee for a year. An analysis of the implementation of such a plan will help managers and members of the attestation commission to obtain reliable information about the need to send an employee to advanced training courses or prof. retraining.

It can be concluded that as a result of the implementation of proposals to improve the certification of municipal employees, we achieve the integrity of the certification system, that is, various certification processes and procedures create a single complex that can function stably. The social results of the implementation of the program for improving the certification of municipal employees are presented by us on slide 23.

Final conclusions. In order for certification not to be formal, it is necessary to introduce innovative technologies, motivate and inform the administration staff, this will make it possible to objectively evaluate the activities of municipal employees.

The proposed certification program will give an effective impetus if recommendations for his practical activities for a certain period, and in the next attestation, their implementation is analyzed, characterizing the degree to which a municipal employee achieves specific goals.

The speech prepared for the defense of the WRC is of great importance for the successful delivery of work. The article discusses how to competently prepare a report for a speech, the structure of speech is determined.

The report is a kind of hint for the speaker, which contains the main ideas of the work. If the speech is not composed correctly, even with a good WRC, the defense will fail. The quality of the performance determines the success of passing the diploma.

How to prepare a speech for the WRC

Approximately 15 minutes are allocated for the defense of the WRC. During this time, the graduate must describe the essence of the work, the topic, and practical significance. To do this, you need to prepare in advance, write a report.

Before writing a report, the student additionally re-reads his work, highlights important points. It is necessary to identify the fundamental theses and combine them into one logically connected text. A well-prepared speech should include a smooth transition from one thought to another.

A well-written and structured report contains the following parts:

1. The text begins with a highlight. It should be briefly described in 2-3 sentences.
2. Then the speaker briefly describes the selected object and subject of research, which are indicated in. You also need to prescribe the means to achieve it.
3. The speech should contain brief conclusions. This is an important part of the speech. The results of each section are written separately. by the most the best option is demonstration .
4. It is also important to talk about the proposals that are developed in order to improve the topics being studied. This will confirm your competence as a specialist in the eyes of teachers.
5. Describe the practical significance and justify the hypothesis that was put forward in the course of the work.

There are some nuances that the speaker should be familiar with before defending the project:

• On the eve of the performance, you need to get a good night's sleep;
• take sedatives in the morning, drink warm tea;
• come to the defense half an hour before the appointed time;
• before leaving, check if everything is taken;
• on defense, you don’t need to say too much, only on the merits;
• do not answer questions with “I don’t know”;
• statistics show that the introduction and conclusion are better remembered from the speech, therefore they need to be written as best as possible;
• tell interesting, with intonation.

It is important to remember that VRC defense is not a terrible procedure. What tips can you use to write a report:

1. Don't forget about time. The speech is given 5-7 minutes. Don't rewrite all your work. The report should briefly describe the diploma, and not retell it.
2. Before writing your speech, consider what questions committee members might ask you and include answers to them in your report.
3. Be sure to apply the information from and the introduction. Start with the tasks, then tell how they were solved and explain what happened as a result of the study. The speech should contain only the essence of the WRC. Therefore, it is advisable to include conclusions for each chapter.
4. Highlight important points in bold so that when searching for the main information, they immediately fall into the field of view. It can be -, problems, methods.
5. Rehearse your defense speech in front of a mirror, in front of friends or parents. So there will be confidence, there will be no fear in front of the commission. Another advantage is that you can meet the set time.
6. Try not to be nervous during the presentation. Don't be afraid of failure. Excessive excitement will lead to the fact that you will start to get lost and confused.
7. Present your prepared speech clearly without stuttering. Better to learn it by heart. Reading the text indicates an irresponsible attitude towards one's work.
8. Use the presentation slides (16) for guidance.
9. You can format your speech in a Word document. Set the indent of the top and bottom margins to 2 cm, the left - 3 cm, the right -1.5 cm. Select Times New Roman font, line spacing - one and a half. But this is optional. You can write the text by hand, if it's more convenient.

You will be interested:

How to start a report at the defense of the WRC

The speech at the defense begins with a greeting to the commission. You can say this: “Dear members of the State Attestation Commission! I present my graduation work on the topic: “Financial results of the activity of the enterprise CJSC Drilling Equipment Plant”.

Then comes the introduction, which should be devoted to just a few sentences.

Sample Plan WRC defense report

There are several points to be followed:

• introduction, introduction to the topic and clarification of the relevance of the topic is taken from the introduction of the project;
• familiarization with the structure of the WRC - how many chapters, what sections are devoted to;
• theoretical part - to determine the sources that were used in the process of writing the graduation project, methods, analysis of the problem;
• a practical chapter on calculations, job expectations;
• the results of the study - the conclusions can be duplicated from the conclusion of the WRC.

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Speech sample for the defense of the final qualification work

Dear members of the commission!

Your attention is presented diploma

Often students are asked to point to an example of a more or less successful speech in order to take it as a model. Spread. Enjoy.

I’ll make a reservation right away that this sample was “taken out” by me from the expanses of the worldwide network. I just corrected the content a little and corrected grammatical errors.

This report was prepared for the defense of a thesis in civil law. But it is the scheme that is important to us, so speech is quite suitable for our purposes.

Dear Chairman, dear members of the State Examination Commission.

I present to your attention the thesis on the topic: "Legal regulation of relations for the protection of property rights in the Russian Federation."

The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the following circumstances.

Economic property relations form the basis of any society, their legal regulation in all civilizations was of paramount importance in comparison with other areas of social relations.

In conditions modern Russia property is of the utmost importance. This is explained by the fact that the institution of property rights is the basis of political and economic transformations, a source of democracy, an indispensable condition for building a state of law.

At the same time, it can be stated that there are unresolved problems of legal regulation of property relations in our country, which makes this topic even more relevant.

The purpose of the thesis is to develop theoretical provisions and practical advice aimed at improving the legal regulation of relations for the protection of property rights in Russian Federation.

In accordance with the stated goal, the following tasks were set:

• determine the meaning and correlation of the concepts of protection and protection of property rights
• disclose the content of civil law and other ways of protecting property rights
• determine the ratio and distinguish between vindication and negatory claims as a means of protection property rights owner
• identify legal problems arising from the application of civil law methods of protecting property rights in practice
• develop proposals for improving the current legislation governing relations for the protection of property rights.

object diploma research are social relations that arise in the field of protection of property rights in the exercise by the owner of the powers of possession, use and disposal of property.

Subject of study— legal and organizational aspects of the protection of property rights, the current state and ways of further improvement of this institution.

The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of references.

The first chapter discusses the history of the development of the institution of protection of property rights.

In the second chapter, given general characteristics ways to protect property rights.

The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the property rights methods existing in the current legislation for protecting property rights, in particular, a vindication claim, a negatory claim, a claim for recognition of property rights, and protection of the rights of an owner who is not an owner.

The fourth chapter discusses other ways to protect property rights, namely: binding legal methods, self-defense of property rights, invalidation of an act of a body government controlled, recognition of the voidable transaction as invalid.

Based on the study, the following conclusions were made:

1. The essence of property social phenomenon, lies in property, more precisely economic relations between subjects of law regarding the assignment of material goods to them.
2. The right of ownership is the broadest right in rem in terms of content. In the subjective sense, the right of ownership is the right of specific subjects, enshrined in law, to own, use and dispose of property by their own power, as well as to eliminate the interference of all third parties in the sphere of its economic dominance over such property, while acting at their own discretion, in their own interest, without contradiction. with applicable laws and without violating the rights and legally protected interests of third parties. In an objective sense, the right of ownership is defined as a set of rules of law that regulate relations in the possession, use and disposal by the owner of a thing belonging to him.
3. Under the method of protection of property rights are understood - ways to protect the subjective right of ownership and ways to protect the property interests of a person. The main, most effective methods of protection are those that provide for judicial protection provided to the subject of civil legal relations as a result of filing a lawsuit with a court to protect his violated or disputed property rights.
4. Civil law protection of property rights should be understood as a set of means provided for by civil law, applied in connection with violations committed against these rights and aimed at restoring or protecting the property interests of their owners.
5. The system of civil law means of protecting property rights is a combination of four groups:
   — proprietary means. These include vindication, negatory claims and claims for recognition;
   - legal means of obligations. These include claims based on the protection of the property interests of the parties in a civil transaction, as well as persons who have suffered damage as a result of non-contractual damage to their property;
   - funds flowing from various institutions of civil law. Such, for example, are the rules on protecting the property rights of an owner who is recognized as missing in the prescribed manner or declared dead, in the event of his appearance (Articles 43, 46 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), on protecting the interests of the parties in the event that the transaction is declared invalid (Articles 167-180 Civil Code of the Russian Federation), etc.;
   - funds that are aimed at protecting the interests of the owner in the event of termination of ownership on the grounds provided for in the law. These include, in particular, guarantees established by the state in the event of the conversion of property owned by citizens and legal entities (nationalization) into state ownership.

Based on the results of the study, we consider it appropriate to make some changes to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation:

1. The competition of vindication and restitution claims is inadmissible. Such competition (although this problem has been resolved in a certain way by the highest judicial bodies), as directed in circumvention of the rules of the law on the protection of a bona fide purchaser, should be expressly prohibited in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. To eliminate it, it is necessary to amend the articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on vindication, namely, to supplement Art. 302 with a new part, as follows: “In the cases provided for in Part 2 of this article, (the owner or other person having the right to a thing) does not have the right to bring an action on the application of the general rules on the consequences of the invalidity of transactions against a bona fide purchaser.”
2. The legal status of the long-term owner under our legislation cannot be considered satisfactory. In this regard, it should be recognized in the presence of the conditions provided for by Art. 302 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the immediate emergence of the acquirer's right of ownership by supplementing, for example, Art. 223 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with a new clause 3, approximately as follows: “The acquirer who received property from a person who did not have the right to alienate it becomes the owner if, in accordance with the rules of Article 302 of this Code, the property cannot be reclaimed from him.”
3. Due to the fact that at present the state registration authorities can refuse to register property rights on applications based only on documents confirming acquisitive prescription, since this is a “procedure not established by law”, a judicial procedure for recognizing the right can become a way out of this situation. carried out in accordance with Articles 11 and 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. If claims are satisfied, the right of ownership will arise on the basis of the court decision itself, which, in turn, is the basis for registration by the authorized body of the claimant's ownership of real estate.
4. It is necessary to expand the conditions for vindication of Art. 302 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, giving the owner the right to file a lawsuit against a bona fide purchaser when he is deprived of his property due to the presentation of false documents (false certificates and extracts from the USRR, etc.). To protect the rights of a bona fide purchaser, it is necessary to provide for civil code such a basis for the emergence of property rights as the paid acquisition of property by a bona fide purchaser from an unauthorized alienator.

Thank you for attention.

The above speech is not perfect. Once again I emphasize that I cite it only as a layout of the report.

I'll point out an obvious flaw. The report completely lacks reference to the practical part of the study.

• How are the conclusions of the author confirmed in practice?
• What can be said based on the analysis of judicial practice?
• What are the author's proposals not only on changing the legislation, but also on law enforcement issues?

The report does not provide answers to all these questions.

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