Tsesarevich ALEXEY (1904-?) and Philip SEMENOV (1904-1979)

Several times I published here materials about the younger children of Nikolai and Alexandra, Anastasia and Alexei, who were saved on the night of July 17, 1918.
As for Anastasia (1901-?), her very rare bilateral congenital deformity of the feet (congenital bilateral Hallux valgus), which Anna Anderson (1901-1984) also had, allows us to state with a high degree of probability (1:17 million) that Anastasia Romanova and Anna Anderson are one and the same person. None of the other (more than 30) well-known contenders for the "role" of Anastasia had this foot deformity.
We also note that the medical statistics in this case are more than a thousand times higher than the reliability of DNA tests, which in 1994-1997 allegedly showed that Anna Anderson had nothing to do with the Royal Family and that the alleged remains of Anastasia were found near Yekaterinburg (in the Koptyakov forest ) and buried in St. Petersburg along with the remains of Nikolai, Alexandra, Olga and Tatyana in 1998.

HEMOPHILIA AND CRYPTORCHISM
As far as is known, there were a little more than ten contenders for the "role" of the rescued Alexei. One or two of them had the same blood disease - hemophilia, like Alexei, one or two - another rare disease, cryptorchidism (not omission of one testicle), which the Heir to the Throne also had.
However, only one of all applicants - Filipp Grigorievich Semenov - had both of these diseases, which is documented in his medical documents, in his medical history. By the way, the myths that none of the patients with hemophilia live long and that any severe wounds (external wounds) are fatal for them are false myths. There are cases of 50-year or more life expectancy of patients with hemophilia, and their survival after severe injuries:
http://tsarevich.spb.ru/hemo-about.php

As in the case of Anna-Anastasia, until recently it never occurred to any of the researchers to take an interest in the medical statistics of these diseases. Yes, everyone knew that both hemophilia and cryptorchidism are quite rare diseases, but none of the historians and researchers looked at the medical statistics.
Medical statistics of hemophilia, according to various sources, range from 1:8000 to 1:100,000; the medical statistic for cryptorchidism (for adults) is approximately 0.3%, or 1:333.
Therefore, at a minimum, only one person out of about 2,664,000 has both of these diseases (8000 x 333 = 2664000). Therefore, it is with this probability that we can assert that Filipp Semyonov was indeed, as he claimed, Alexei Romanov.

PHILIPP SEMENOV: 1949
It seems that Edward Radzinsky was the first to write about Philip Semenov in his book “Nicholas II. Life and death". On the Internet you can see articles about him:
http://www.trud.ru/trud.php?id=200205230862601

<<В январе 1949 года в республиканскую психиатрическую больницу Карелии с диагнозом «маниакальный депрессивный психоз» поступил Семёнов Филипп Григорьевич, заключённый одной из исправительных колоний, что вблизи города Медвежьегорска. В сопроводительных документах значилось, что он дважды перенёс инсульт с последующим параличом. Потом наступило улучшение в такой степени, что он мог даже ходить на работу. Однако 8 января заключённый внезапно почувствовал сильную головную боль, обратился в лагерный лазарет, где ему оказали помощь. А спустя некоторое время Семёнов засобирался куда-то ехать, ругал какого-то Белобородова, перестал узнавать окружающих, отказывался от пищи. Поэтому врач колонии и направил его в Петрозаводск, в психиатрическую клинику.
It is from this that the amazing story of this unusual patient, full of mysteries and mysticism, begins to be documented. His medical history has been preserved under number 64. The title page contains his last name, first name and patronymic, year of birth - 1904, nationality - Russian, profession - economist and financier. Further, the data of an objective examination are the same as in many patients of such clinics. If only this is somewhat distinctive - "consciousness is preserved, oriented in place and time."
After two or three days, the state of acute psychosis, with which Semyonov entered the clinic, completely disappeared. It was then that he told the doctors his "extraordinary" story, which they had heard a lot over the years of working with such a category of patients. In fact, he is Tsarevich Alexei Romanov, was rescued during the execution of the Royal Family, taken to Leningrad, lived there, then served in the Red Army as a cavalryman, after the war he studied at the institute, worked as an economist in Central Asia. All his life he has been pursued by a certain Beloborodov, who knows his secret, it was he who forced Semyonov to commit theft, because of which he ended up in places of detention ...
Resident doctors Yulia Sologub and Dalila Kaufman talked to the “unusual” patient at the hospital for a long time. As Dalila Abramovna later said, he was a highly educated person who knew several foreign languages ​​and read a lot, especially the classics. During the entire period of his stay in a psychiatric hospital, Semyonov was calm, quite communicative, with a clear mind and correct behavior. Kaufman characterized the patient's revelations in this way - in quotation marks - he did not impose on anyone, this did not affect his behavior in any way, as is usually the case with such patients, which baffled the doctors.
And what was especially striking: Semyonov's medical history included a blood disease - a consequence of hemophilia, as well as the failure of one testicle. Like Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov! Two such coincidences were already enough to seriously draw attention to this mysterious patient of a psychiatric clinic. And if we add to this the fact that Semyonov was born in the same 1904 as the Tsarevich, and on his buttock he had a cruciform mark from a wound ... And he knew well all the palace ceremonies, knew the location of the rooms of the Winter Palace, the names and titles of all members of the royal family, much more from the palace life of the Romanovs and pre-revolutionary high society.
According to Philip Grigorievich, during the execution in Yekaterinburg, the “father” hugged him and pressed his face to him so that the boy would not see the trunks aimed at him. He was wounded in the buttock, lost consciousness and fell into a general pile of bodies...

PHILIPP SEMENOV: ROMANOV-IRIN-SEMENOV
But let us return to our Tsarevich from the hospice. He was saved and treated for a long time by some devoted person, possibly a monk. A few months later, strangers came and announced that from now on he would bear the surname Irin (an abbreviation of the words Name of the Romanovs - Name of the Nation).
Then the boy was brought to Petrograd, to some mansion supposedly on Millionnaya Street, where he accidentally heard that they were going to use him as a symbol of the unification of forces hostile to the new system. He did not want such a fate for himself and therefore fled from these people. On the Fontanka, they just signed up for the Red Army. Having added two years to himself, he joined the cavalry. Then he studied and worked as an economist. Married. I changed my last name to Semyonov, taking the documents of a relative of my wife ... Then there was a conclusion, a psychiatric hospital ...
Philip Semyonov was shown to one of the then best psychiatrists in the country, a professor from Leningrad, Samuil Gendelevich. The doctor, moreover, was also very competent in "royal" matters. He knew the location and purpose of the rooms of the Winter Palace and country residences of the beginning of the last century, the names and titles of all members of the royal family and its dynastic branches, all court positions, protocols of ceremonies adopted in the palace.
The trick questions that Gendelevich began to ask his patient did not lead to anything. Semyonov answered readily, without hesitation, giving more and more new details. Remain calm and dignified...
<…>
Here, however, the information about Semyonov, cited by Dalila Kaufman, somewhat diverges from the medical history of "Tsesarevich Alexei." From the entry made in it, it follows that F. G. Semyonov in April 1949, after a forensic medical examination, was sent to the psychiatric hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. And this may mean that the study of his mysterious and delusional, as it was then believed, the legend was continued under even greater secrecy.
About all this, Dalila Kaufman wrote to the famous writer Edward Radzinsky, who was preparing a book about Nicholas II. And he dedicated Semyonov in his book “Lord ... save and pacify Russia. Nicholas II: life and death" a whole chapter, which he called "Guest", where he talks about this strange and mysterious man.
<…>
Filipp Grigorievich Semyonov was released from Penitentiary No. 1 in 1951. He died in 1979, just when the remains of the royal family were first discovered in the Urals. His widow Ekaterina Mikhailovna was convinced that her husband was the emperor's heir. And as Semyonov's adopted son recalled, his stepfather liked to wander around the city, he could stay in the Winter Palace for hours, he preferred antiques. He spoke reluctantly about his secret, only with the closest people. He did not have any deviations; he did not end up in a psychiatric hospital after the camp. He was fluent in German, French, English and Italian, wrote in ancient Greek.
Philip Grigorievich Semenov has long been gone, but his secret remains. There are many questions left in this story. In what schools could he have been taught so many languages? Why such amazing physiological and medical coincidences between him and Tsarevich Alexei, whose remains have not yet been found? For what kind of faults was Semyonov hidden in Stalin's camps for a long time? Who is Beloborodov, because of whom, allegedly, Semyonov gets into them?>>
These were excerpts from an article by Alexander Popov. As for Beloborodov, it is very likely that this is the same A.G. Beloborodov - the chairman of the Ural Council in 1918 ...
***
GENDELEVICH and FEDOROV
The question that arose in me after reading the chapter on Philip Semenov (from the book by E. Radzinsky) and the article by A. Popov was where the doctor Samuil Gendelevich came from (namely, he was the main actor identification of Semenov as Tsesarevich) - how could he know about hemophilia and cryptorchidism of the heir Alexei, and also had such extensive knowledge about the Royal Family? Maybe Gendelevich was familiar with one of the life doctors of the Imperial family who remained after 1917 in Russia?
Several well-known doctors of the Royal Family did not emigrate after 1917 and worked in the USSR. In particular, Sergei Petrovich Fedorov (1869-1936) immediately after the abdication of Nicholas changed his attitude towards him and then collaborated with the Bolsheviks. The same doctor Fedorov, who advised Nicholas II on the health of Alexei on March 2, 1917 in Pskov. He continued his career in the USSR, he was director of the Institute of Neurosurgery in Leningrad in 1929-1936. He was buried at the "Communist site" of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.
There is no doubt that Professor S. Fedorov and Professor S. Gendelevich - two of the largest physicians in Leningrad of those years - knew each other and communicated on various issues. Fedorov also dealt with the problems of epilepsy and nervous diseases, where Gendelevich was the greatest specialist.
We can also confidently assume that Gendelevich had extensive knowledge about the life of the Tsar's court, about royal residences and palaces, about titles, etc. from Fedorov. Probably, they not only knew each other (as well-known doctors of Leningrad), but also were friends with each other.

CHILDREN OF F.SEMENOV
In addition to this article by A. Popov, I found my 1998 diary entries about documentary Impostors (directed by Alexander Gabnis):
Philip Semenov was married four times. The first time he married in 1930 (under the name Irin), his wife's name was Sophia. In this first marriage, three sons were born: Yuri, Vladimir and Konstantin. In Leningrad, he was found by A.G. Beloborodov - the same one who was the chairman of the presidium of the Ural Regional Council in 1918. He knew the secret and blackmailed Irina and demanded money. The family fled from his persecution to Samarkand, where Irin changed his surname to Semyonov. He worked as an accountant in Samarkand. However, Beloborodov found him in Samarkand as well and started extorting money again. Twice Semyonov informed Beloborodov of the location of the secret treasures of the Royal Family, but Beloborodov demanded money again and again. Semyonov began to steal government money and was sentenced to 3 years in prison. He escaped from prison. Then he was married a second time (to a certain Asya) and a third time (to a certain Anna Ivanovna). For some time he lived in Tbilisi, but Beloborodov found him there again. Traces of Beloborodov break off in 1938. In 1941 Semyonov was arrested again and this time he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Further events are described in the article above.
Semyonov had no children after his first marriage. The fate of Vladimir and Konstantin is unknown. Perhaps they disappeared in the whirlwinds of the war of 1941-1945. His son Yuri was alive in 1998. Alexander Gabnis said that in 1994 the British allegedly performed a genetic examination on him with Prince Philip.
I found confirmation of this in the newspaper "Arguments and Facts" No. 36, September 5, 2007:
http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1401/45_01
“In the late 1990s, at the initiative of the English newspaper Daily Express, the eldest son, Yuri, donated blood for a genetic examination. Peter Gil took her to the Aldermasten Laboratory (England). The DNA of the "grandson" of Nicholas II, Yuri Filippovich Semyonov, and the English Prince Philip were compared. From three tests two matched, and the third turned out to be neutral.”
As far as is known, Yuri Filippovich Semenov did not claim to Russian throne and a place in the House of the Romanovs. He only wanted to know the truth. It seems that in 1998 he was going to leave Russia forever (?).

FILATOV, KHAMMET, SEMENOV.
In total, since 1918, 11 “applicants-Alexeevs” were known. The most likely contenders are Philip Semyonov (died in 1979) and Vasily Filatov (died in 1988), as well as Heino Tammet (he had cryptorchidism, but did not suffer from hemophilia). The son of Vasily Filatov, Oleg lives in St. Petersburg to the present. Outwardly, he is very similar to Nicholas II. More details about the history of Vasily Filatov can be found in the book of O.V. Filatov himself “The History of the Soul, or a Portrait of an Epoch. The fate of Tsarevich Alexei, son of the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II ”(St. Petersburg, 2000). A genetic examination carried out in Germany seemed to confirm the relationship of the Filatovs with those victims whose remains were solemnly buried in St. Petersburg in 1998. However, the Russian Orthodox Church and several major domestic and foreign researchers still do not recognize these remains as the remains of members of the Royal Family. Some researchers (like V. Wiener from Yekaterinburg) have long argued that these are just the remains of members of the twin family of the Tsar's family - the Filatov family, which was also shot in Yekaterinburg in July 1918 ...
I do not know which of the three (F. Semenov or V. Filatov, or Heino Tammet) could be the surviving Tsarevich Alexei. However, medical statistics speak convincingly for Philip Semenov.

Boris Romanov

P.S. On October 20, 2015, I received a review of this article from journalist Vasily Veikka Ivanov. I reproduce it below in its entirety:
"In your publication, you refer to Alexander Popov. I only dare to assure you that his name is not Alexander, but Alexei. For me, he is no author<...>. The article, excerpts from which you are citing, was largely copied from my publications in 1997-98 and 99. Having visited the Karelian Republican Hospital, one might say, on my own initiative and on the instructions of the editors of the Sever magazine, I literally spent a whole month sitting in the medical archive of the hospital and manually copying many pages from the Case History (heir). My first publication was in August 1997 in the Gubernia weekly, and then in the May (1998) issue of the Sever magazine, and it was called Heir to the Throne or Impostor? Then I worked in the Archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Popov would not be allowed there - he is not a journalist, but a fan of collecting all sorts of things about UFOs). On Proza Ru, but relatively recently, I published these materials. Moreover, I also had photographs of F. Semyonov himself printed in a magazine and newspapers. Now, unfortunately, I have not preserved them, but the events of recent times make me think that I will resume my search."

The full review of V. Veikka Ivanov can be read in the reviews section of this article, and the article by V. Veikka Ivanov himself "Heir to the Throne or an Impostor?" can be read at Proza.Ru.

Tsarevich Alexei was a long-awaited child. Beloved by everyone, he grew up surrounded by family and servants, but his life was overshadowed by a terrible disease - hemophilia.

long-awaited child

Tsarevich Alexei was a long-awaited child. After the birth of four daughters, Olga, Tatyana, Maria and Anastasia (the difference between them was two years), the emperor and the empress really wanted a son who would become the heir to the throne.

Anastasia Fedorovna was especially worried. She was so worried that she developed pathological mysticism. All sorts of "advisers" began to revolve around her. One of them, the Frenchman Philip, was able to convince the Empress that he could provide male offspring. The empress, after his exhortations on a nervous basis, even had a false pregnancy.

Only a few months later, Alexandra Feodorovna agreed to a medical examination, which showed that the Empress was not pregnant. The charlatan was exposed by agents of the tsarist police in France.

Help Seraphim

Both Nicholas II and the Empress were deeply religious people. They fervently prayed for the birth of an heir to the recently canonized Seraphim of Sarov. The proposal to canonize Sarovsky was made by the emperor himself. In his family, the Sarov elder was revered for a long time: according to legend, Alexander I visited him incognito, and the 7-year-old daughter of Alexander II was cured of a serious illness with the help of the mantle of St. Seraphim.

About the role of the empress in this matter, Count Witte said: “They say that they were sure that the Sarov saint would give Russia an heir after the four Grand Duchesses. This came true and finally and unconditionally strengthened the faith of Their Majesties in the holiness of the truly pure Elder Seraphim. A large portrait appeared in His Majesty's study - the image of St. Seraphim.

Name

As to why the boy was named Alexei, there are two points of view. According to one, the crown prince was named in honor of the Moscow Metropolitan Alexy, according to another - in honor of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. It is known that Nicholas II considered him one of the best Russian sovereigns. And it was for what. Aleksey Mikhailovich, although he was called the “quietest”, led a purposeful and tough policy, annexed the Left-Bank Ukraine and brought the borders of Russia to Pacific Ocean. At the costume ball in 1903 (a year before the birth of his son), Nicholas II was in the costume of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Hemophilia

The heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexei was born on July 30, 1904. However, the birth of a son did not bring peace to the imperial family. Two months after his birth, the crown prince began to bleed heavily, which could not be stopped for a long time. Then Alexandra Fedorovna heard a terrible word: hemophilia. In this disease, the lining of the arteries is so thin that any injury can cause the vessels to rupture. Before that, the three-year-old brother of Alexandra Feodorovna died from the consequences of hemophilia.

Hemophilia is inherited. The first carrier of the gene was British Queen Victoria. Children inherited the fatal gene from her. Her son Leopold died of hemophilia at 30, and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, carried the ill-fated gene.

Rasputin

Proximity to the court of Grigory Rasputin was also associated with hemophilia of the heir to the throne, who managed to quickly relieve her symptoms.

The maid of honor of the Empress, Anna Vyrubova, wrote about one of the most severe cases of bleeding of Tsarevich Alexei, who was bleeding from his nose: “Professor Fedorov and Dr. Derevenko fussed around him, but the blood did not stop. Fedorov told me that he wanted to try the last resort - to get some kind of iron from guinea pigs. The Empress knelt beside the bed, puzzling over what to do next. Returning home, I received a note from her with an order to call Grigory Efimovich. He arrived at the palace and went with his parents to Alexei Nikolaevich. According to their stories, he went up to the bed, crossed the Heir, telling his parents that there was nothing serious and they had nothing to worry about, turned and left. The bleeding has stopped."

Most often, Rasputin did not even touch the heir, but began to earnestly pray, after which the bleeding stopped. However, sometimes Rasputin also used natural remedies. Anna Vyrubova recalled that during one of the bleedings, the “old man” took out a lump of tree bark from his pocket, boiled it in boiling water and covered the entire face of the boy with this mass. The bleeding has stopped. In this case, it is obvious that Rasputin used the properties of oak bark to stop bleeding.

“The prince is alive as long as I am alive,” said Rasputin. He turned out to be right. Tsarevich Alexei survived the elder by only a year and a half.

With seven nannies

Due to the terrible illness of Alexei, to him with early years bodyguards were assigned: two sailors from the imperial yacht, boatswain Derevenko and his assistant Klimenty Nagorny.

At the age of seven, Tsarevich Alexei began to study. The empress herself supervised his studies, she also chose teachers for her beloved son. Archpriest Alexander Vasiliev, confessor of the imperial family, became the teacher of the law Alexei, he taught Russian Privy Councilor P.V. Petrov, arithmetic - State Councilor E.P. Tsytovich, tutor and teacher French was a French teacher and tutor - Pierre Gilliard, English language the heir to the throne was taught by Ch. Gibbs, as well as Alexandra Fedorovna herself.

In the classroom where the Tsarevich was trained, he liked to take his pets - a dog named Joy and a cat Kotik.

Alexey treated his mentors with great love. Anna Vyrubova recalled: “The heir took an ardent part if some grief befell the servants. I remember a case with a cook who for some reason was denied a position. Aleksey Nikolaevich somehow found out about this and pestered his parents all day until they ordered the cook to be taken back. He defended and stood up like a mountain for all his people.

Character

Tsarevich Alexei was a very active boy. He liked to fool around. Georgy Shavelsky writes in his memoirs: "Sitting at the table, the boy often threw
generals with lumps of bread; taking butter from a saucer on a finger smeared it
neck neighbor, so it was with the Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich. Once, for
At breakfast, the Heir smeared oil on his neck three times.

Doom

From March 8, 1917, the royal family was under arrest in Tsarskoye Selo. August 1 - exiled to Tobolsk. There, the royal family was under arrest in the governor's house.

Here, in exile, in the Tobolsk house, an old dream of Nicholas II came true - he himself was engaged in raising his son, taught him history and other sciences. Father's lessons continued for Alexei in the Yekaterinburg house, where royal family moved in the spring of 1918.

The disease of the Tsarevich followed him and worsened. In Tobolsk, he fell down the stairs and was badly hurt, after which he could not walk for a long time. In Yekaterinburg, his illness worsened even more.

Alexei adopted a deep religiosity from his parents, icons hung on a gold chain at the head of his bed (it was stolen by the guards after the execution of the royal family). The Tsarevich always, even when he could not walk, was present at divine services, sitting in an armchair.

Before his 14th birthday, the Tsarevich did not live only a few weeks. On the night of July 17, 1918, he was killed along with his parents and sisters in the basement of the Ipatiev House. In August 2000, the holy martyr Tsesarevich Alexy was canonized.

Case history of Alexei Romanov

The most infamous hemophiliac of the 20th century, the unfortunate crown prince, the sad boy, the heir to the throne of Moscow tsars… How would the story have turned out if he had been born healthy? What is the use of hysterical subjunctive exclamations, everything was as it was ...

July 30 (August 12 n.s.), 1904 in the family of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II and Alice of Hesse (Alexandra Feodorovna), the long-awaited (after 4 daughters) heir, Tsarevich Alexei, was born. No one knows how many hours the royal couple spent, begging for their long-awaited son, but the joy was great - three hundred artillery salvos met the Tsarevich (and "saw off" rifle and revolver!). The first “bell” sounded immediately after birth - the blood from the umbilical cord did not clot longer than usual (for three days!), But then everything seemed to normalize ... The Tsarevich began to crawl, began to get up and, naturally, fell. But unlike ordinary children, these banal episodes began to turn into a problem, bruises: “Within a few hours ... they increased in size, turning into bluish tumors. The blood under the skin did not coagulate. The terrible guess of the parents was confirmed. The child turned out to have hemophilia,” writes the biographer. From that moment on, the disease constantly reminded of itself - at the age of three and a half years, Alexei hit his face (slightly!), But the resulting hematoma closed both eyes. The illness of the Tsarevich was considered a state secret, but rumors about it, nevertheless, were widespread.

Where did this misfortune fall on the family of the last Russian “anointed one”, already offended by God? The fact is that the family of Queen Victoria, whose granddaughter was Alice of Hesse, became the "supplier" of this terrible disease to the royal families of Spain, England and Russia. Victoria's son, Leopold, Duke of Albany, died of hemophilia at the age of 31. His daughter, of course, was the conductor of the disease, and his grandson, Ruprecht, Prince of Athlone, is ill. Victoria's daughter, Princess Beatrice, was the carrier of the gene, and her sons Leopold and Moritz, Princes of Battenberg, had hemophilia. Another daughter of Victoria, Princess Eugenia, was a carrier, her sons Alfonso, Juan and Gonzalez, Spanish Infantes, are sick. The third daughter of Victoria, Princess Alice is a conductor, her son Friedrich died of hemophilia at the age of three, her daughter Irena was a carrier, her sons: Prince Heinrich died at the age of four from hemophilia, Prince Voldemar "lasted" up to 56 years, but died of hemophilia, daughter Alice (Hesse) - the conductor, married our Tsar Nikolasha, their son, by definition, was doomed to get sick. Total in the Victorian dynasty - 6 female carriers and 11 male hemophiliacs. The pedigree of the Victoria family has been traced for hundreds of years and no hemophilia has been noted. Where did it come from? Spontaneous mutation on the X chromosome in Victoria's father or herself? Or (seditious thought) Victoria's mother sinned with a hemophiliac... Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm avoided such a fate by refusing to marry Victoria's granddaughter, Ella. "Queen Victoria, through her progeny, has declared biological war of annihilation on the royal families of Europe", - sounds a witty and evil aphorism! Nowhere did she hit the mark, except for the already frail Russian dynasty ... It is curious that in the fifth generation of the descendants of Victoria, to which Elizabeth also belongs II, there are no more hemophiliacs! Did Alice know about evil fate? She was twelve when Uncle Leopold died, she knew about the torment of Prince Friedrich, her older brother, she knew that the children of her older sister, Princess Irene of Prussia, were hemophilic. Doctors then already knew about hemophilia. The famous German doctor K. Nasse wrote back in 1820: “The disease is transmitted by a carrier woman who does not herself suffer from it.” TO late XIX centuries, doctors no longer recommended women from bleeding families to marry or not have children. Did Nicholas II know about the danger that lay in wait for his family? Some believe that he could assume, but hoped for the help of John of Kronstadt or one of the church fathers. None of the doctors, no matter how authoritative and respected he was, could not verbally or through the press warn the autocrat about the undesirability of his marriage to Alice! “Kings are carefully protected from unwanted reality… The Tsarevich’s hemophilia was a manifestation of the gap between royal life and reality,”- writes the biographer, and you can not argue with that.

The Tsarevich grew up, surrounded by completely exclusive attention. His fate is somewhat similar to the fate of the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Dimitri, who was ill with epilepsy. But they didn’t save him, and Alexei was guarded from all sides. It is understandable: in the case of hemophilia, the only guarantee against external and internal bleeding is to protect the child from injury. The Spanish Infantes, great-grandchildren of Victoria, were taken out for a walk, dressed in wadded suits, and even the trees in the garden were carefully wrapped in wadding!” The Tsarevich grew up, but the illness did not go away, and could not go away ... During the stay of the royal family in Spala (Belovezhskaya Pushcha), while riding a boat, the Tsarevich stumbled and hit the upper third of his thigh on an oarlock. On examination, E.S. Botkin found a slight swelling below the inguinal fold. After a week of bed rest, the swelling subsided, his condition improved, and Botkin decided that the danger was over. The Tsarevich is taken for a car ride through the terrible Russian roads, which and healthy person do not transfer. Immediately upon return, there was a sharp deterioration: “Internal hemorrhage in the iliac and lumbar regions. Temperature 39.4 0, pulse 144 beats / min. One of the most insidious features of hemophilia is precisely the remoteness of the moment of bleeding from the injury itself. The state of the Tsarevich was critical, the hematoma squeezed the neurovascular bundle, and he screamed in pain day and night. For twenty days, the crown prince was on the verge of life and death, and the life physician S.P. Fedorov warned the emperor that a lethal outcome was very possible. In the churches they prayed for the health of the Tsarevich, and G.E. Rasputin sent a reassuring telegram to the Empress, assuring that everything would work out! And it worked! In this regard, it should be said about the role of Rasputin in the "treatment" of the Tsarevich.

At that time, doctors were powerless over hemophilia, and everything often depended on elementary luck. In the first third of the last century, hardly 20% of patients survived to adulthood. S.P. Fedorov believed that the heir would not live to be 18 years old ... With the impotence of official medicine, the appearance of a “miraculous” healer was a foregone conclusion ... E.S. Botkin said that if Rasputin did not exist, he would still be invented from someone. Under conditions of emotional stress, a hemophilic bleeds much more strongly, this is very well known to doctors. Bleeding has a depressing effect on any person, and when a person knows that life is leaving him with every drop of blood, this fear is much stronger for him. In the hysterical Alexandra Feodorovna, every bleeding of her son caused a generalized panic attack, which she could not hide from him. The decisive, unshakable behavior of Rasputin in the most critical situations, his play on the public had a calming effect on the empress, who had plunged into medieval superstitions and mysticism (she was a doctor of philosophy at Oxford!). She ceased to irritate Alexei, who, according to many testimonies, behaved quite courageously. He calmed down, and in many cases local thromboplastic factors had an effect, or the hematoma itself squeezed the bleeding vessels and the bleeding stopped. V. Pikul, in one of his delusional inventions, reports (the novel "Unclean Power") that the Tibetan doctor, Pyotr Badmaev, gave a powder that increased bleeding to the heir (Vyrubova mixed it into food), the bleeding increased, Rasputin appeared with another, "hemostatic" powder in his pocket, they poured it again on the heir, and the bleeding stopped supposedly through the elder's prayer! Pikul's only excuse is that he has a bad idea of ​​hemophilia. Chinese or Tibetan doctors were just as helpless before her as European doctors! Well, okay, that's how it was. But what about after 1917, when there was neither Rasputin nor Vyrubova, but the Tsarevich continued to bleed? Tales, fairy tales!

The famous Russian doctors treated the crown prince: professors S.P. Fedorov, E.S. Botkin, K.A. Raukhfus, doctors V.P. Derevenko and I.P. Korovin. What could the then medicine offer the child? It was recommended to raise the limb from which bleeding occurred, a pressure bandage with gelatin, a tourniquet or a ligature to the afferent artery. Subcutaneous injections of a 2% gelatin solution, oral preparations of ergot, iron, adrenal glands, infusion of sterile saline into the veins. Joint rest, plaster bandage, bandaging, massage, active and passive movements. W. Osler recommended the introduction of fresh blood serum or citrated blood in 20-30 ml ( Factor VIII is found in fresh blood, although in small quantities). But that was seven years after the death of the Tsarevich. By the way, the doctors of the Tsarevich treated him correctly: for hemarthrosis, they used temporary immobilization and warming of the joint, but by no means cooling! The Tsarevich had undeniable hemophilia A, and without the use of coagulation factors, he would not have become a long-liver. So E. Radzinsky's fantasies about his miraculous salvation under the guise of F. Semenov are perfect fantasy, and unscientific at that! Be that as it may, the brutal reprisal of the Bolsheviks over a defenseless family does not become less terrible from this ...

Nikolay Larinsky, 1996-2012

From the first days of his reign, Nicholas II dreamed of an heir. The Lord sent only daughters to the emperor.

The Tsesarevich was born on August 12, 1904. The heir to the Russian throne was born a year after the Sarov celebrations. The entire royal family fervently prayed for the birth of a boy. Alexei inherited all the best from his father and mother.

His parents loved him very much, he answered them with great reciprocity. The father was a real idol for Alexei Nikolaevich. The young prince tried to imitate him in everything.

How to name the newborn, the royal couple did not even think about it. Nicholas II had long wanted to name his future heir Alexei.

The tsar said that "it's time to break the line of Alexandrov and Nikolaev." Also, Nicholas II was a nice person, and the emperor wanted to name his son in honor of the great ancestor.

The young prince had beautiful hair, large gray-blue eyes, the skin of his face was soft pink, and charming dimples could be seen on his plump cheeks. When a smile shone on his face, it could not be called anything other than angelic. He was a beautiful child. Those who saw the heir in the first years of his life unanimously noted this.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova devoted much time to her son. She bathed him, played and looked after him. The sensitivity and care of the mother were necessary for the child. As it turned out later, the prince was sick with hemophilia. The disease was a serious blow to the royal family and the entire state.

In order to protect the child from bruises and other injuries that, due to illness, could cause severe pain to the child, a nanny, Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova, was assigned to him. Later, the boatswain Derevenko was engaged in the upbringing of the prince, and Nagorny and footman Sednev helped him. All three were assigned to the child as uncles. It was the responsibility of these people to constantly be with the child and monitor his actions.

Despite his illness, the prince grew up as an unpretentious child. He did not act up, did not show any malice or irritation. He was surrounded by ordinary Russian people who had a great influence on the formations inner world heir.

Alexey loved people very much, tried to help them, never remained indifferent. He especially pitied those who, in his opinion, were unfairly offended, saying that when he reigns, there will be no poor and unfortunate in Russia. He said, "I want everyone to be happy."

In communication, Alexei was sincere and simple. Most of all he disliked lies. He had a decisive, but at the same time soft and affectionate character. He really loved everything Russian, he was a real patriot. The prince was the chief of all Cossack troops. The Cossacks loved their young ataman and their future emperor.

Describes one case that occurred at a time when the heir was only a year and a half. In January 1907, Nicholas II decided to show his heir to the Life Guards Ataman Regiment. Krasnov was the commander of one of the hundreds. When the Emperor and his son passed by the Cossacks, Krasnov noticed how the sabers of the Cossacks from his hundred swayed. Annoyance shrank in Krasnov's heart, "are you really tired!" he thought.

Peter followed the sovereign, and saw how the standard bent, and tears flowed down the face of the stern wahmister. The sovereign with the heir walked along the Cossacks. The Cossacks were crying, the sabers were swinging in mighty Russian hands... “I could not and did not want to stop this swinging,” Krasnov recalled. This incident shows the devotion and love of the Cossacks to Tsarevich Alexei.

Once, at the age of six, the heir was playing enthusiastically with his sisters. And then he was informed that the Cossacks had come and wanted to see him. He immediately stopped all games, and received guests.

Of the toys, the prince recognized only soldiers. He really liked to mess around with them. He also liked soldier's food. What was given at the royal table, Alexei did not always eat. Secretly from his parents, he ran away to the royal kitchen, where he asked for black bread and ordinary cabbage soup. My favorite soldiers eat such food - the prince said, I want it like they do.

The prince grew up, he had to study. But illness prevented him from taking up science seriously. One day, he carelessly jumped into a boat and began to bleed internally. The disease was very difficult, but he survived.

Recovery was slow. After the final recovery, the prince seriously sat down for science. As the teachers noted, the heir was very smart, and like his sister, he grasped everything on the fly.

Soon the revolution broke out. After it was the basement of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, where the heir to the Russian throne, together with his family, was brutally murdered on 07/17/1918. Tsarevich Alexei, like other members of his family, canonized as a saint.

The royal family spent the summer of 1904 at their summer residence at the lower dacha in Peterhof. On the calendar it was July 30 (August 12, according to a new style), the weather, as befits a St. Petersburg midsummer, turned out to be sunny and hot. However, this day promised to be different from others from the very morning: the court doctors noted signs of an early birth in Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The future baby was not long in coming - during breakfast, the empress began to have contractions and she barely made it to the bedroom. It was there that one of the greatest events in the history of the 20th century took place - the birth of the heir to the throne.

The ruins of the Lower Dacha in Alexandria Park, Peterhof - the birthplace of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich

Alexei became the fifth child in the family of Emperor Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna.

Almost ten years have passed since the marriage of the king and queen. Olga was born in 1895, Tatiana in 1897, Maria in 1899 and Anastasia in 1901. However, according to Russian laws, all the great princesses could not become the head of the empire, only a boy could be the heir. Therefore, the birth of the Tsarevich was expected for many years, and not only by the royal family, but by the whole world. With his very appearance, he began to play important role in big politics.

GOD'S MERCY
WE, NICHOLAS II,
EMPEROR AND AUTOGRAPHER
ALL-RUSSIAN,
Tsar of Poland, Grand Duke of Finland.
and other, and other, and other.

We declare to all OUR faithful subjects:

On the 30th day of this July, OUR Most Beloved Spouse, THE EMPRESS ALEXANDRA FYODOROVNA, was safely relieved of her burden by the birth of our Son, named Alexei.

Accepting this joyful event as a sign of the grace of God pouring out on US and OUR Empire, together with OUR faithful subjects, we offer fervent prayers to the Almighty for the prosperous growth and prosperity of OUR Firstborn Son, who is called to be the Heir of the God-given State and OUR great service.
By the Manifesto of June 28, 1899, WE called upon OUR Most Beloved Brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich to inherit US until the birth of our Son. From now on, by virtue of the basic State Laws of the Empire, OUR Son Alexei holds the high rank and title of the Heir of the Tsarevich, with all the rights associated with it.
It was given at Peterhof on the 30th day of July in the year nineteen hundred and four from the Nativity of Christ, but in the tenth of OUR reign.

On the original Own of HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY it is written by hand:

"NICHOLAS".

Published in St. Petersburg, under the Senate
July 30th day 1904

The news of the birth instantly spread to all corners of the world. Fireworks thundered in the Peter and Paul Fortress of St. Petersburg and the military harbor of Peterhof, bells rang all over the country, St. Petersburg and Peterhof were festively illuminated, festivities began in the streets, they sang the royal anthem and prayed for the prince. Congratulatory telegrams poured into Peterhof.

"His Majesty
Tears of joy respond to your touching suggestion. I can't express my feelings in words. God bless you and dear little Alexei. I tenderly embrace you and my future godson.

“I am infinitely happy to have the opportunity to convey to Your Imperial Majesty and Her Imperial Highness my loyal congratulations on the greatest joy of the birth of His Imperial Highness, the Sovereign Heir to the Throne, Tsarevich.

Prince Chakrabon of Siam"

“May the great master not reject my sincere expression of joy and the most heartfelt congratulations on a happy day when providence sent you a son. May God bless Him, sending happiness and long years to the joy of Your Majesty and mighty Russian Empire. Devoted to Your Imperial Majesty, the heir to the throne of Persia

Prince Mohammed Ali Mirza

Alexey was born at 1.15 in the afternoon. Weight 4660 g, height 58 cm, head circumference - 38 cm, chest 39 cm. Immediately after birth, he received whole line titles and ranks: Commander of the Finnish Guards Regiment, 51st Lithuanian Infantry Regiment, 12th East Siberian rifle regiment. In addition, he was included in the lists of all guards regiments and military units, commanded by the king, as well as regiments of horse guards, guards cuirassiers of Her Majesty the Queen Mother, Lancers of Her Majesty Queen Alexandra Feodorovna and the 13th Yerevan Infantry Regiment of the Tsar. Alexey also became the chieftain of the entire Cossack army.

In honor of significant event amnesty and benefits were announced. All Russian soldiers who fought in distant Manchuria became honorary godfathers of the boy. Nicholas II sent a telegram to General Kuropatkin, commander of the army: “Today the Lord granted Her Majesty and me a son, Alexei. I hasten to inform you about this mercy of God to Russia and Us ... May He have a special spiritual connection for the rest of his life with all those dear to Us and to all of Russia, from the highest commanders to the soldier and sailor, who expressed their ardent love for the Motherland and the Sovereign selfless feat, full of deprivation, suffering and mortal dangers.

The first steps of the Tsarevich, photo 1905

But soon the most terrible fears were confirmed: the prince was ill with incurable hemophilia - a disease that is expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of blood clotting.

Hemophilia constantly caused hemorrhages in the joints - they caused unbearable pain, turning Alexei into an invalid. During the celebrations dedicated to the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the Heir was only carried in his arms through the front halls. He returned to his room in a state of complete exhaustion. His parents considered his presence at the celebrations necessary. But even brief appearances of the prince at the ceremonies were harmful to his health.

Tsesarevich Alexei on board Imperial yacht"Standard". Photo 1907

Alexei in naval uniform. Petersburg, photo 1909

Tsesarevich Alexei, photo 1909 Tsarskoye Selo

Photo 1910

One of the strongest attacks of the disease occurred in the autumn of 1912 in Spala. Severe bleeding began, which the doctors could not stop. On October 19, the temperature rose to 39°, two days later it reached 40°. This case seemed hopeless to doctors. Alexei was unctioned, and a bulletin was sent to Petersburg, drawn up in such a way as to prepare everyone for the announcement of the death of the prince. Alexandra Feodorovna sent a telegram to Rasputin and asked him to pray for the boy. The next day the bleeding stopped and the pain subsided...

During an attack of illness in Spala, photo 1912

The aggravation in Spala did not only damage his body. The disease broke his spirit. Alexey became thoughtful, withdrew into himself. In the summer of 1911, Pierre Gilliard became Alexei's French teacher and mentor. This is how Gilliard spoke about his pupil: “Aleksy Nikolayevich was then nine and a half years old, for his age he was quite tall. He had an oblong face with regular, soft features, brown hair with a reddish tinge, and large gray-blue eyes, like his mother. He sincerely enjoyed life - when she allowed it - and was cheerful and playful ... He was very resourceful, and he had a penetrating, sharp mind. Sometimes I was simply amazed at his age-old serious questions - they testified to subtle intuition. It was not difficult for me to understand that everyone around, those who did not need to force him to change his habits and teach him discipline, constantly experienced his charm and were simply fascinated by him .... I found a child with a character that was naturally kind, sympathetic the suffering of others precisely because he himself experienced terrible suffering ... "

The boy's character was complaisant, he adored his parents and sisters, and they, in turn, doted on the young crown prince, especially the Grand Duchess Maria. Aleksey was capable in studies, like the sisters, he made progress in learning languages.

The heir Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolayevich was a boy of 14 years old, intelligent, observant, receptive, affectionate, cheerful. He was lazy and did not particularly like books. He combined the features of his father and mother: he inherited the simplicity of his father, was alien to arrogance, arrogance, but had his own will and obeyed only his father. His mother wanted to, but could not be strict with him. His teacher Bitner says of him: "He had a great will and would never submit to any woman." He was very disciplined, withdrawn and very patient. Undoubtedly, the disease left its mark on him and developed these traits in him. He did not like court etiquette, he liked to be with the soldiers and learned their language, using in his diary purely folk expressions he had overheard. His stinginess reminded him of his mother: he did not like to spend his money and collected various abandoned things: nails, lead paper, ropes, etc.

ON THE. Sokolov. The murder of the royal family

At the end of October, the tsar, Alexei and his retinue departed for Headquarters in Mogilev. Alexandra Feodorovna, like Nicholas II, believed: if the soldiers could personally see the Heir, this would raise their morale. The sovereign hoped that such a trip would broaden the horizons of the Tsesarevich, and in the future he would understand what this war had cost Russia.

At the review of the troops in Rezhitsa, Gilliard watched Alexei, who did not leave his father and listened attentively to the stories of the soldiers... - this made him equal to any young man who was on military service”, writes Gilliard in his diary.

I. Stepanov recalls: “The Heir visited the infirmary several times. Here I cannot write calmly. There is no emotion to convey all the charm of this appearance, all the unearthlyness of this charm. Not of this world. They said about him: “Not a tenant!” I believed in it even then. Such children do not live. Radiant eyes, clean, sad and at the same time glowing at times with some amazing joy.

The prince was given the new rank of sergeant major, and he was awarded the St. George Cross for visiting hospitals near the front line ...

Visit to a military hospital

photo 1915

photo 1916

On March 2, 1917, Emperor Nicholas II signed a manifesto on abdication. The family was told they were under house arrest. At the end of August, the royal family was transferred to Tobolsk.

Alexey and Olga Romanovs.
Tobolsk, photo 1917

Alexei's illness worsened again - never after the nightmarish days in Spala had he been so ill. “Mom, I want to die. I'm not afraid of death, I'm afraid of what they can do to us here. If they kill, then just don’t torture ... ”- said Alexei.

By May 20, 1918, it was decided that Alexey was strong enough, and the prisoners were taken under escort to a new place of detention - to Yekaterinburg. Here the royal family first encountered such open hostility.

In vain were attempts to influence the British consul and take measures to save the imperial family. The only hope was the Russian white army Admiral Kolchak, who was rapidly advancing in the direction of Yekaterinburg.

On July 13, the Ural Council decided to shoot the imperial family and their entourage. The execution of the order was entrusted to the new commandant of the Ipatiev House - Yakov Yurovsky.

Tsesarevich Alexei. Life and death of an heir

A documentary film about the son of Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarevich Alexei. It consists mainly of newsreels from the beginning of the 20th century. In one of the episodes of the film, we have a unique opportunity to see a live participant in the Battle of Borodino. The authors made an attempt to reconstruct the last minutes of the life of the heir Alexei, his parents and sisters - the execution of the royal family in the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg.

Please or to view hidden links