Option number 1
| Mirages cannot be captured with a camera or video camera, because it is a game of the imagination, an optical illusion. |
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| Most often, travelers see water shimmering ahead in the desert, which is a distorted reflection of the sky in the lower layer of hot air. |
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| Mirages - optical illusions that occur in the desert - are the result of a special refraction of the sun's rays by superheated air. |
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| In the desert, superheated air can refract Sun rays in a special way, resulting in optical illusions called mirages. |
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| Optical illusions - mirages - arise as a result of the refraction of superheated air. |
Form start
End of form
Form start
| 3. Read the snippet dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word LOWER. Determine the meaning in which this word is used LOWER, -ya, -her. |
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: WRONG the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted. Write out this word.
locked
Answer: ___________________________.
5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing
to the highlighted word paronym. Write down the chosen word.
Sometimes rumors are generated by the lack of Awareness of employees at the enterprise.
Grishakov left, and now all questions concerning his life are becoming UNANSWERED.
Spread around boundless sea STONE desert, in which cacti grew in groups, covered with large pink flowers.
Despite the dawn hour, there were a lot of people: some kind of cavalry unit was moving towards the outpost.
IN holidays all the airports in the country are CROWDED with tourists.
Answer: ___________________________.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake spell the word correctly.
kilogram of APPLES
SEVENTY PERCENTAGE
FLAME tongues
Answer: ___________________________.
7. Match grammatical errors And
sentences in which they are allowed: to each position of the first
column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
| GRAMMAR A) violation in construction sentences with participial turnover B) build error C) violation in construction proposals with uncoordinated application D) disruption of communication between subject and predicate D) violation of the type of time verb correlations | OFFERS Everyone who visited the Crimea, after parting with him, took with him vivid impressions of the sea, mountains, southern herbs and flowers. S. Mikhalkov argued that the world of the merchant Zamoskvorechye can be seen on the stage of the Maly Theater thanks to the magnificent play of the actors. The heart stops for a moment and suddenly beats again. In 1885 V.D. Polenov exhibited at a traveling exhibition ninety-seven sketches brought from a trip to the East. In exile, Marina Tsvetaeva often recalled the poetry of Boris Pasternak and admired it. This book taught me to appreciate and respect friends, which I read as a child. At the heart of the work "The Tale of a Real Man" are real events that happened to Alexei Maresyev. Climbing up to the lookout The site, you see the city at a glance. The sisters were well versed in both music and painting. |
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
8. Identify the word that is missing unstressed alternating vowel root. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
g..mnazist
k.. satelnaya
d..likates
seduced..
unification
Answer: ___________________________.
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
and .. spent, ra .. woke up
pr..weird, pr..off
times..gral, over..day
n..load, once..took
under .. drive, once .. explained
Answer: ___________________________.
10. Write down a word in which a letter is written at the place of the gap E.
enamel..vy
sleepless..ca
compliant..out
honor
guilty..to
Answer: ___________________________.
11. Write down a word in which a letter is written at the place of the gap AND.
meaning..my
consolation..my
gained..
Answer: ___________________________.
12. Define a sentence in which NOT is written with a word ONE. Open the brackets and write out this word.
Lingonberry bushes are strewn with (NOT) RIPE berries.
Even the smell of gasoline (NOT) COULD drown out the meadow aroma.
In the (NOT) LARGE, but spacious hall, it was light and quiet.
Potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
(UN) REALIZING their destiny, the heroes of the plays by A.P. Chekhov often live their lives mechanically.
Answer: ___________________________.
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
(I) SO, Konstantin claimed that this trip added vitality,
I said the same thing.
TO be happy, you need to strive for success and at the SAME time you need to learn nobility in relation to the people around you.
Soon, the birds (CO) EVERYONE fell silent, except for one, which (ON) DIFFERENTLY chirped everyone.
The stranger disappeared around the corner AS (SAME) suddenly as he appeared, (FOR) THIS was not possible to consider him.
(AT) THE END the rain stopped, but SOME (WHERE) heavy masses of partly scattered clouds still crowded.
Answer: ___________________________.
14. spelled HH.
Alexander Blok created a special (1) poetic world, permeated (2) with blue and purple, weaving (3) of highlights and filled (4) with amazing melody.
Answer: ___________________________.
| 15. Arrange punctuation marks. Choose two sentences in which you want to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences. |
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which
Birds (1) choosing themselves (2) life partners (3) attach great importance shades of plumage. And if the feathered cavalier does not have (4) the hat inherent in (5) his brothers, then the chances of getting favor from the bride are small.
Answer: ___________________________.
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which
sentences must contain commas.
Encounters with the art of painting give the joy of discovery to (1) exclusively (2) an attentive and patient viewer. A visit to an art museum (3) for example (4) requires us to be able to
and willingness to perceive and experience what they see.
Answer: ___________________________.
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Gradually (1) the city (2) grew up in the name (3) of which (4) the (5) aroma of the red forests surrounding it was preserved.
Answer: ___________________________.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which
The sentence must contain commas.
At home, my guest immediately began to complain to me (1) that (2) while he was driving to me (3) he got lost in the forest (4) and was forced to spend the night in the forester's lodge.
Answer: ___________________________.
Read the text and complete tasks 20-25.
| (1) Man was created for centuries, judging by the huge, incomparable expenditure of strength. (2) The lion, having killed the antelope, rests in a well-fed slumber for a day. (3) The mighty elk, after an hour-long battle with an opponent, settles for half a day in the thicket, convulsively moving its failed sides. (4) Aitmatovsky Karanar saved up strength for a year to rage, rage and triumph for half a month. (5) For a person, such feats are the brilliance of the moment, for which he pays with such a small fraction of his reserves that he does not need to rest at all. (6) The purpose of the beast is to live the time allotted by nature. (7) The amount of energy embedded in it is correlated with this period, and a living being spends not as much as he wants, but as much as he needs, as if some kind of dosing device is provided in it: the beast does not know desire, it exists according to the law of necessity. (8) Isn't that why animals don't suspect that life is finite? (9) The life of animals is the time from birth to death: animals live in absolute time, not knowing that there is also relative time, only a person can exist in this relative time. (10) His life never fits into the dates on the tombstone. (11) It is larger, it contains seconds known only to him, which dragged on like hours, and a day that flew by like moments. (12) And the higher the spiritual structure of a person, the more opportunities he has to live not only in absolute, but also in relative time. (13) For me, the global super-task of art is its ability to prolong human life, saturate it with meaning, teach people to actively exist in relative time, that is, to doubt, feel and suffer. (14) This is about spirituality, but even in ordinary, physical life, a person is obviously given more “fuel” than is necessary in order to live according to the laws of nature. (15) Why? (16) For what purpose? (17) After all, in nature everything is reasonable, everything is verified, tested for millions of years, and even an appendix, as it turned out, is still needed for something. (18) And why is a huge supply of energy many times greater than the needs for which a person is given? (19) I asked this question in the fifth or sixth grade when I got to elementary physics and thought it explained everything. (20) And she really explained everything to me then. (21) Except human. (22) But I couldn’t explain it. (23) It was here that the straightforward logic of knowledge ended and the frighteningly multivariate logic of understanding began. − (25) For work. - (26) I see, - I said, not understanding anything, but did not ask. (27) This property - to agree with the interlocutor not when I understood everything, but when I did not understand anything - apparently, is inherent in me by nature. (28) In everyday life, it always bothered me, because I didn’t get out of triples, writing my theories, hypotheses, and often laws. (29) But there was still one beneficial side to this oddity: I memorized, not understanding, and I myself got to the bottom of the answers, now it’s not so important that most often the answer was wrong. (30) Life requires from a person not answers, but the desire to seek them. (31) I am writing about this only for the sake of my father’s two words, which determined for me the whole meaning of existence. (32) This has become the main commandment, the alpha and omega of my worldview. (33) And I became a writer, probably not at all because I was born with such a brilliance in my eyes, but only because I firmly believed in the need for hard, daily, frantic work. (According to B.L. Vasiliev*) * Boris Lvovich Vasiliev(1924-2013) - Soviet writer, prose writer, publicist, public figure, author of the works “The Dawns Here Are Quiet”, “Tomorrow there was a war”, “I was not on the lists”, etc.
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| Answer: ___________________________. 23. Among sentences 6-11, find one that is related to the previous one. Answer: ___________________________. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while doing tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number. Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form. |
Do not forget to transfer all answers to the answer sheet No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for doing the work. End of form
Part 2
Use the ANSWER FORM #2 to answer this question.
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
State one of the problems delivered the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
| For example |
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| locked |
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| rocky |
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| Louder or more sonorous |
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| tangent |
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| entrance explained |
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| enamel |
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| significant |
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| small |
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| quite contrary to |
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| alphayomega |
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Grade 11 Test#1 VOCABULARY
(1) Mirages - amazing optical illusions that occur in the desert - are not a game of the imagination: they can be captured with a camera or video camera. (2) These optical illusions arise because in the desert, superheated air can refract the sun's rays in a special way. (3)<…>travelers see water shimmering ahead, but in fact this water is a distorted reflection of the sky in the lower layer of hot air.
Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Mirages cannot be captured with a camera or video camera, because it is a game of the imagination, an optical illusion.
2) Most often, travelers see water shimmering ahead in the desert, which is a distorted reflection of the sky in the lower layer of hot air.
3) Mirages - optical illusions that occur in the desert - are the result of a special refraction of the sun's rays by superheated air.
4) In the desert, superheated air can refract the sun's rays in a special way, resulting in optical illusions called mirages.
5) Optical illusions - mirages - arise as a result of the refraction of superheated air.
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
Vice versa,
For example,
Despite this,
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word LOWER. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
LOWER, -ya, -her.
1) Downstairs. Lower step.
2) Located close to the mouth, to low places. The lower course of the river.
3) About clothing: worn under a dress or directly on the body. Underwear.
(1) Discussions about the state of the Russian language have been going on since the time of mighty ornate centuries of the past: A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutcheva, A.I. Herzen, V.G. Belinsky, F.M. Dostoevsky. (2) Now for us their disputes, reflections on the fate of their native language are the high lessons of Russian literature, human thought.
(3) And as for the "degradation", "weakening", and even the inevitable "death" of the Russian language, literature - this is nothing more than hyperbole, based quite often on sincere, natural and understandable anxiety for the fate of their people, especially in times of change, upheaval.
(4) The current upheavals and profound changes in Russia are taking place, in my opinion, rather in the minds and souls of people. (5) For the Russian language, they do not seem very significant to me, if we recall such trials as the “Mongol invasion” or Peter’s “window to Europe”.
(6) “East wind” and “west wind” come and go, unable to shake the mighty tree of the Russian language, rooted for centuries and in wide open spaces, only refreshing it, and therefore strengthening it.
(7) In such cases, trials, the mighty ocean of the great language (and not only Russian), with its incomparable mass, power, energy, measured and tireless work, will cut, polish other people's words, attaching them to their own needs, sprinkle them with living keys native land, taking in folk speech, writing, fiction. (8) So it was. (9) Apparently, it will be so. (10) Two hundred thousand words of V.I. Dalia - isn't it the ocean? (11) Someone else will grind, grind, and throw away the dirty with foam. (12) Private, current, orthographic dictionary, and that one is a hundred thousand words, each of which is not old mold, but living speech, which, of course, is richer than any dictionaries, it is not without reason that people draw generously from it, but the bottom, thank God, is not visible. (13) The Russian language not only lives, but gives life! (14) One of the chemical industries, of course, poisonous, has been pumping its waste into deep earth layers for a long time, destroying living waters. (15) They do not heed reproaches and reproaches. (16) The main thing for them is profit.
(17) On the same earth, keeping the waters alive, the schoolchildren of the farms of Malogolubinsky, Pyatnitsky and others, of course with teachers, take care of earthly springs and keys, clean them. (18) To each his own.
(19) The same is in our literature, journalism, which, of course, affect the state of the Russian language. (20) It's a matter of conscience and, most importantly, talent. (21) Tolstoy, Turgenev, Sholokhov, Shukshin did not set themselves the task of protecting the Russian language. (22) They did it naturally, because they were born by the Russian land, from which they received great gift and treated them well. (23) That's the whole explanation. (24) For me personally, it is thorough. (25) To the best of my ability and ability, I follow him, realizing my small strength. (26) But after all, on the farm of Malogolubinsky, springs are cleared at all by small children, from elementary school. (27) These springs and keys flow little by little, reviving the rivers Malaya Golubaya, Rostosh, Yeruslan, and then the Don, its mighty waters.
(According to B.P. Ekimov*)
*Boris Petrovich Ekimov (born in 1938) is a Russian prose writer and publicist.
Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) The changes taking place in the Russian language can, without exaggeration, destroy it.
2) The language accepts borrowed words into folk speech, polishing them.
3) When creating their works, classical writers set themselves the goal of protecting the Russian language.
4) The actions of people to clean up springs and springs are akin to the actions of writers to preserve their native language.
5) By clearing the springs on the Malogolubinsky farm, the schoolchildren thereby contributed to the purification of the waters of the Don.
Which of the following statements are false? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Sentences 1-2 provide a description.
2) In sentences 4–5, reasoning is presented.
3) Sentences 12-13 present the narrative.
4) Proposition 16 explains the content of Propositions 14–15.
5) Sentences 21–22 illustrate the points put forward in sentences 19–20.
Write out synonyms (synonymous pair) from sentences 1–2.
Among sentences 17–25, find one that is related to the previous one.
using personal and demonstrative pronouns. Write the number of this offer.
“About the Russian language B.P. Ekimov tells very figuratively, colorfully. The emotional tone of his reasoning is set by the trope - (A) __________ (for example, in sentence 6), as well as the technique - (B) __________ (“not old mold, but living speech” in sentence 12). Speaking of changes in mother tongue, the author tries to convey their essence as accurately as possible, in which the lexical tool helps him - (B) __________ (“changes, upheavals” in sentence 3, “cut, polished” in sentence 7). However, the fate of the Russian language does not cause concern for the author, which is why he uses such a technique as (D) __________ (“of course” in sentences 14, 17, 19)”.
List of terms:
1) quoting
2) exclamatory sentences
3) lexical repetition
4) opposition
5) anaphora
6) extended metaphor
7) parceling
8) colloquial words
9) contextual synonyms
PREPARING for the Unified State Examination in Literature
Preparation materials can be found here
http://5litra.ru/ege.html
Grade 11 WORKS FOR LEARNING BY MEMORY
- One of the poems of V. Bryusov ( "Sonnet to Form", "For a Young Poet", "The Coming Huns")
- One poem by K. Balmont “I dreamed of catching the departing shadows ...”, “Speechlessness”, I came to this world to see the sun ...”) or Andrei Bely (“Meditation”, “Rus”, “Motherland”)
3. One poem by N. Gumilyov. ("Giraffe", "Magic Violin", "Lost Tram", "Captains", "The Word")
4. An excerpt from A. Blok's poem "The Twelve" (1 chapter)
5. One poem by S. Yesenin (“The feather grass is sleeping. The dear plain ...”, “Sorokoust” (ch. 3) “Soviet Russia” (from the words “That's the country! Until the end), “Kachalov's dog”)
6. An excerpt from a poem by V. Mayakovsky “A conversation with the financial inspector about poetry” (from the words “Poetry is all a ride into the unknown ... to the words “Of course, they are different ...)
- One poem by A. Akhmatova “I learned to live simply, wisely ...”, Creativity (“It happens like this: some kind of languor ...”), an excerpt from the poem “Requiem” (Epilogue ch.2).
Literature for summer reading
Incredible Facts
In nature, there are phenomena, looking at which, you can not believe your eyes. Mirages and optical illusions found in nature amaze our imagination.
Since ancient times, people have been faced with visions of ships, buildings, mountains and could not find an explanation for this. Unlike hallucinations, mirages are real optical phenomena that can be photographed. Another thing is that these phenomena do not occur by order. However, there are places on our planet where the chances of seeing a unique optical illusion are much greater.
1. Fata Morgana, Antarctica
In Antarctica, the clear and clean air brings distant objects into sharp focus. Depth perception becomes impossible and the world takes on an amazing two-dimensional appearance. The early explorers of Antarctica meticulously mapped islands, capes and mountain ranges that no one else has ever seen.
A funny example of this phenomenon was the case of a Swedish researcher who in his notebook described a rocky promontory with two unusual symmetrical valley glaciers. As it turned out, he was actually looking at a walrus.
Fata Morgana is caused by reflections from water, ice and snow, and combined with temperature inversion, this creates the illusion of a distinct, defined appearance that doesn't really exist.
2. St. Elmo's Fire, Edinburgh, Scotland
Physically, St. Elmo's lights are a bright blue or purple fire-like glow from tall, pointed structures such as lightning rods, masts, spiers, and chimneys. They are a mixture of gas, plasma, as well as fire and stars. The electric field around the object causes the ionization of air molecules, which leads to the appearance of a faint glow, which is clearly visible in dimly lit conditions.
American writer Herman Melville called this phenomenon "God's flaming finger". Caesar saw him on the spears of his troops the night before the battle. This impressive effect, which is caused by an electrical discharge from thunderclouds to the earth, has always inspired the idea of divine intervention. The fires of St. Elmo can be seen on the masts of ships during a storm, and sailors are in awe of this phenomenon, which often occurs at the moment when the storm begins to subside. This a natural phenomenon often seen on the heights of Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock.
3. Aurora Borealis, Alta, Norway
The aurora borealis is an incredibly spectacular sight in the Arctic and Antarctica. Colorful layers of light turn endless winter nights into real lava lamps. The aurora borealis, more specifically the northern and southern aurora, occurs when solar particles ejected by solar flares are attracted magnetic field Earth towards the north or south pole, colliding with atmospheric gases and emitting photons or particles of light. The result is luminous patches of green, red, white, purple and blue light.
The Norwegian city of Alta, which is located on the 69th parallel of the northern latitude, is known as a great place from where you can admire the northern lights.
4. Brocken Ghost, Goslar, Germany
For thousands of years, anyone who was lucky enough to observe this supernatural optical phenomenon believed that he was in the presence of God or was undergoing his own spiritual rebirth. This is because the observer is presented with an image of a shadow surrounded by a halo of light, usually around the head. This phenomenon most often occurs near mountain peaks, where the air is humid and the sun is low. The name of the phenomenon owes its origin to the Broken peak, which at an altitude of 1141 m is the most high point Harz Mountains, located in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. You can go to the top of the Harz mountains from the city of Goslar in Germany.
5. Green beam, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France
A favorite phenomenon among those who are not alien to romantic fantasies, the green ray seems to capture the very frailty of existence. This effect, which can be seen at the end of a sunset, appears as a green dot or green beam that appears to flare from the sun. The reasons for the appearance of this illusion are quite complex and are associated with the refraction of light, the thickness of the atmosphere and the curvature of the Earth. You have small chances to see the green beam, for example, by going to the city of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, which is captured in the French film "Green Ray".
6. Young conifers, Mount St. Helens, USA
As you get closer to Mount St. Helens in Washington state, you may notice new growth of pale green shoots on dark green conifers. This creates the shape of the curve of the eye, similar to a work of optical art. In May 1980, the massive eruption of Mount St. Helens occurred, causing the collapse of its northern side and a large cloud of ash. Many people died, and the area took on the appearance of a featureless lunar landscape. Since then, this area has been protected and restored.
7. Magnetic hill, Ladakh, India
Ladakh is a land of high snowy passes and ancient structures - gopms. Here you may encounter a phenomenon called a magnetic hill or gravity hill, where the vehicle appears to be going up with the gear disengaged. This startling effect has been the subject of speculation that the magnetic force is causing aircraft to go off course. In fact, it's all just one big illusion: the descent is slightly downward, but the shape of the surrounding landscape and the mountain horizon cause our usual landmarks to become unclear. This magnetic hill can be found 30 km from the historical capital of Lech, and the place itself is marked with a large sign.
8. Inferior Mirage, Nullarbor Plain, Australia
This is a fairly common phenomenon - a haze that makes the air shimmer and it seems that the roads look wet. In fact, this is just an illusion. An imaginary lake in the distance, which weary travelers in the desert see, gives them an imaginary hope. In fact, the water illusion is an image of the sky in the distance, which appears from the refraction of light rays through the air. On the other hand, if you stock up on a bottle of water and head to Australia's tree-free Nullarbor Plain, you can see the mirage with your own eyes in a calm atmosphere.
9. Devils of Paasselka, lake Paasselka, Finland
Paaselk's devils is a phenomenon called "wandering lights" in which light appears at night, mainly on swampy soil. If you follow them, they retreat. It also often seems that they are following you. In many cultures, such lights were considered evil spirits that lure travelers and lead to their death, or harbingers of natural disasters. Lake Paasselka is known for its mysterious balls of light, and in Finnish folklore, these lights indicated where treasures were located.
10. Parhelion, Timbuktu, Mali
Parhelion is an effect that can be observed around the sun. It appears as bright spots or "false suns" located on either side of the sun itself. This phenomenon can last for hours. Previously, this was seen as a frightening omen of bad times. However, these are all just ice crystals that create a prism in the air. You have a good chance of seeing parhelion on the flat horizon of Timbuktu in Mali.
