Mikhail Stepanovich Maslov(May 19, Narva - June 3, Leningrad) - Russian, Soviet pediatrician, doctor of medicine, professor, full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1945), Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR (1935), Major General of the Medical Service, Chairman of the Society of Children's Doctors of Leningrad, one of the founders of the Soviet pediatric school. Member of the First World War, resident of besieged Leningrad.

Biography

Born into a peasant family of Stepan Ustinovich Maslov and his wife Olga Yakovlevna. Elementary education received in a two-year school, where he showed unusually high abilities. After graduating from school, on the recommendation of a teacher, he was admitted to the Narva Gymnasium with an exemption from tuition fees. From the 6th grade, he worked part-time with private lessons. He graduated from the gymnasium in 1904 with a gold medal.

After successfully defending his dissertation “On the biological significance of phosphorus for a growing organism” on April 4, 1913 for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, MS Maslov was sent abroad for 2 years. He managed to get acquainted with the work of the best children's hospitals and clinics in Berlin, Munich, Zurich, Vienna. In the Austrian capital, Maslov was especially impressed by the K. Pirke clinic. There, with Professor O. Furth, he studied biochemistry, at the same time he attended a course of lectures on X-ray diagnostics and otorhinolaryngology. Unfortunately, the business trip had to be interrupted after 7 months. The First World War began. In August 1914, just 2 days after returning to Petrograd, Maslov was appointed head of Hospital No. 23 in Rybinsk.

The city was in the rear. The wounded from the front were brought here to the hospital, and not only Russians, but also captured Austrian and German soldiers and officers. In accordance with the requirements of the Hague Convention of 1907, the wounded prisoners of war in the hospital were surrounded by attention and care no less than the wounded soldiers Russian army. In addition to medical work, which in the hospital was mainly of a surgical nature, Maslov did not stop his scientific activity. For example, he studied the reaction of white blood during suppuration, studied the enzymatic value of human milk in comparison with the milk of domestic animals.

Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy

With the establishment of Soviet power in Rybinsk on March 2, 1918, which coincided with the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3 by the government, the hospital was disbanded, and Maslov returned to Petrograd. Since 1918, he was reinstated as an assistant at the Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy, which was still headed by A. N. Shkarin. In June 1920, after reading two trial lectures in front of the audience: "The essence and pathogenesis of childhood diathesis" and "Analysis of a patient with orthostatic albuminuria", M. S. Maslov was approved with the rank of Privatdozent.

On August 1, 1920, a tragedy occurred. Professor A. N. Shkarin, who was driving a motorcycle, had an accident. He lived a few more days and died on August 12, having managed to express his will. He saw M. S. Maslov as his successor as professor, head of the department of children's diseases. Elections for the position of professor, head of the department took place almost a year later - on May 28, 1921. Of the six eminent applicants, the will of Professor A. N. Shkarin was satisfied by a majority of votes, and after 3 days Mikhail Stepanovich turned 36 years old.

The beginning of M. S. Maslov's activity as a professor and head of the department coincided with the period of the end of the Civil War, devastation, famine and mass homelessness among children. The result of two wars was a serious shortage of personnel, which forced Maslov to direct his main efforts to the formation of the staff of the department. At the same time, he began to improve the children's clinic, which by 1921 had only 27 beds available. The clinic had its own clinical and biochemical laboratories, x-ray and physiotherapy rooms, a dairy kitchen and a children's consultation. In 1925, at the department, in a separate building, it was possible to open a nursery, then in 1929, a point for the protection of motherhood and infancy (the prototype of a women's consultation combined with a consultation for children under 3 years old). Later it was opened kindergarten. After a major overhaul of the building of the children's clinic of the Military Medical Academy, in 1938 it was possible to increase the number of beds to 53, while creating a box department for infectious children. In 1940, through the efforts of Maslov, a museum was opened.

At the same time, M. S. Maslov launched large-scale scientific research at the department. They were facilitated by the close ties that they managed to organize with other scientific institutions. So, at the invitation of V. M. Bekhterev, from 1923 to 1929. Maslov led scientific activity infant department. Since 1924, he was a consultant to the maternity hospital. V. F. Snegirev. results scientific research Maslova and his collaborators already in 1924 were summarized in the fundamental monograph "The doctrine of constitutions and anomalies of the constitution (diathesis) in childhood and their biological and pathological significance." Following this, in 1926-1927, a two-volume guide for doctors and students, "The Fundamentals of the Teaching about the Child and the Peculiarities of His Diseases", was published. These two classic works have not lost their relevance at the present time.

Being a member of the Society of Pediatric Doctors of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) since pre-revolutionary times, Maslov in 1923 was first elected its chairman. He held this post until 1926, then was re-elected for the periods: 1929-1930, 1934-1941, and after the war from 1946 until the day of his death in 1961. Thus, for almost 40 years Pediatricians of Leningrad recognized Maslov as his unconditional leadership as a doctor and scientist.

At the origins of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute

Despite the fact that the Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy turned out to be the very first in Russia, it was not intended to train future doctors in the specialty of pediatrics. In those years, it was possible to become a pediatrician only within the framework of postgraduate education. Understanding the whole need for training pediatricians already at the institute, M. S. Maslov became one of the most active fighters for the organization of specialized pediatric education in the USSR. There has never been such a practice in the world. The beginning was laid on January 22, 1925 with the opening of the Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy. V. I. Lenin (later renamed Clara Zetkin). At first it was a scientific and practical institute, where Maslov became the scientific director of the physiological department, and from April of the same year - deputy director for research work. Since 1928, the institute acquired the status of a research institute, which provided for the organization of professorial departments and associate professorships. Since that time, Maslov headed the Department of Physiology, Hygiene and Dietetics of Early Childhood, and since 1930, the Department of Pathology of Childhood. In 1932, a medical school was organized at the institute, and in March students appeared for the first time. In 1931, a parallel attempt was made to organize a pediatric faculty in , but in the end everything turned out differently.

On February 15, 1935, the Research Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy was finally transformed into the world's first higher educational institution, intended for the training of children's doctors -. Separate pediatric departments and students of the pediatric faculty were transferred here from the 1st LMI, and already in 1936 the first graduation of pediatricians took place. At all stages of the development of pediatric education, Maslov was perhaps the main driving force behind this process. Looking ahead, back in 1933 he published “ Short Course children's diseases", which became the first textbook on pediatrics for future children's doctors. Under the leadership of Maslov, the entire methodology of the educational process was developed in advance. Maslov's role in the organization of pediatric education in the USSR was marked by conferring on him in 1935 the title of Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR.

The overall result of all the transformations was that by the end of the 30s, M. S. Maslov headed 2 departments of pediatrics in two universities: the Department of Childhood Diseases of the Military Medical Academy and the Department of Faculty Pediatrics (into which the Department of Pathology of Childhood was transformed in 1938) LPMI . This allowed him to essentially create a close-knit team from among the employees of two related departments, united by a common scientific problem. Big number employees and the availability of various clinical facilities allowed M. S. Maslov to widely maneuver forces and means and achieve significant success in developing the most actual problems pediatrics, but the Great Patriotic War intervened.

Leningrad - Samarkand - Leningrad. War years

From the first days of the war, employees of the Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy, under the leadership of Maslov, hastily developed issues of air and chemical protection of children. Lectures were given on these topics, classes were held. Until the blockade closed around Leningrad on September 8, 1941, there was a massive evacuation of industrial enterprises in the city. The Military Medical Academy was also in the evacuation plan, but the turn came to it only by the end of November, when traffic was opened along the ice "Road of Life" through Lake Ladoga. Together with the staff of his department and the equipment that survived after a shell hit the clinic building on November 5, M.S. Maslov was forced to go to Samarkand. He intended to go with his wife Alma Fedorovna, but in early January 1942 she died of exhaustion. The department of faculty pediatrics of the LPMI, which was not planned to be evacuated in 1941, was left by Mikhail Stepanovich to Professor E. I. Fridman.

Arriving in Samarkand, M.S. Maslov learned about the assignment to him on February 1, 1943. military rank Major General of the Medical Service.

In a new place, under the leadership of Mikhail Stepanovich, the department very quickly resumed educational process with students of the academy. It is located on the territory of the Republican Hospital, which was the base of the Samarkand Medical Institute. In connection with the requirements of wartime, the terms of training at the Military Medical Academy were reduced. In 1943, for some time, students were not taught pediatrics at all. Nevertheless, the staff of the department was actively engaged in medical and scientific work. Mikhail Stepanovich constantly consulted patients, repeatedly delivered lectures to doctors, studied research work. In total, during the years of evacuation, the staff of the department carried out about 40 scientific papers. Maslov himself completed the study of protein and fat metabolism in nephritis and hepatitis, begun back in peacetime. Together with N. A. Shalkov, he began to develop methods for the functional diagnosis of external respiration in children. great attention Together with his colleagues, Maslov devoted himself to the study of tuberculosis infection, which is very common in Uzbekistan. Finally, here, in Samarkand, in 1943, Mikhail Stepanovich began work on one of his most important monographs, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Children's Diseases.

At the end of January 1944, news came of the complete lifting of the blockade of Leningrad, and already in June the Military Medical Academy, and with it the Department of Children's Diseases, headed by Maslov, began to gather on the way back.

Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. S. Maslov

Leningrad met Mikhail Stepanovich with the ruins of houses, meager food rations and the enthusiasm of its inhabitants. For the second time in his life, he was faced with post-war devastation and the need to start almost all over again. But like after civil war, everyone understood that the worst was already over, it was necessary to restore the city and build a normal peaceful life. The pediatric institute was badly damaged by artillery shelling, which nevertheless continued to work all 900 days of the siege. Clinic of childhood diseases of the Military Medical Academy on Botkinskaya st. was completely disabled. The entire staff of the department, who arrived from Samarkand, set about its speedy restoration. Already in the autumn of 1944, the clinic accepted the first patients.

At LPMI, M.S. Maslov returned to the leadership of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics. He did not count many, very many employees of both the department and the clinic. The most peaceful profession in the war turned out to be the most vulnerable. Nevertheless, the clinic was gradually replenished with new equipment, new employees came. The process of student learning and scientific work Departments began to enter the normal course.

It was at this time, in the year of the victory over Nazi Germany, that M. S. Maslov's merits to Soviet pediatric science were appreciated. In 1945, Mikhail Stepanovich was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

In the postwar years, as before, M. S. Maslov was engaged in the improvement pedagogical process both at the Department of Children's Diseases of the Military Medical Academy and at the Pediatric Institute. Constantly developing new guidelines to work with students. Special attention was given to the development of future doctors of clinical thinking. The obligatory issues discussed at the cathedral meetings were the issues of teaching methods.

The campaign to combat cosmopolitanism and “cowling” to the West, which began in the country in 1948, did not bypass the LPMI either. In 1949, the rector of the institute, Professor Yu.A Mendeleva, was repressed, with whom Maslov, back in 1925, organized the Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy. In 1951, his closest student and assistant, Professor E. I. Fridman, was dismissed and exiled to Novosibirsk. True, Friedman was more fortunate than Mendeleva. In Novosibirsk, although under supervision, he was entrusted to lead the department of pediatrics at a medical institute. In science and art, well-known scientists, writers and artists got into the millstones of this campaign. It seemed that in such conditions it was natural, out of a sense of self-preservation, to stop any foreign contacts. Meanwhile, it was during these years that M.S. Maslov actively developed them. His archives contain letters from well-known Western pediatricians with whom he maintained a correspondence: G. Fanconi from Switzerland, A. Ilppe from Finland, A. Ross from Canada, M. Lelong from France. M. S. Maslov repeatedly headed the Soviet delegations at international congresses, in particular, at the V Congress of Pediatricians in New York in 1947, when he was elected a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association of Pediatricians, at the VI Congress of Pediatricians in Zurich in 1950. In subsequent years, after Stalin's death, he participated in the work of the VII Congress in Copenhagen and the VIII Congress in Montreal.

Maslov devoted much time to advisory and academic work. Daily rounds in the clinics of the departments, lectures to students of the Military Medical Academy and students of the LPM filled most of the working time. In 1955-56 academic year Mikhail Stepanovich delivered a course of lectures to students of the 4th year of the LPMI on faculty pediatrics, which was published a little later as a separate publication. This course, along with his textbook on pediatrics, became for many years the main study guide for students of pediatric faculties of the USSR.

In scientific terms, during these years, Mikhail Stepanovich became interested in the problem of the reactivity of the child's body, including in the context of such diseases as dystrophy, sepsis and toxic-septic conditions, etc. In 1956 Maslov's truly philosophical work "Dialectics in application to pediatrics. Together with his monograph "Diagnosis and Prognosis of Childhood Diseases" (1948), he became a reference book for every thoughtful physician.

M. S. Maslov was distinguished by his versatility of interests: he loved chess, knew and appreciated fiction, theater, visual arts, music (he played the cello). Literary works and films devoted to medicine were often discussed at the meetings of the department. In 1960, due to deteriorating health, M. S. Maslov left the leadership of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics of the LPM, transferring it to his student A. A. Valentinovich. Mikhail Stepanovich lived for another year, continuing to lead his first department - pediatric diseases of the Military Medical Academy. A week before his death, which followed on June 3, 1961, it was exactly 40 years since he headed it.

Children's doctor Mikhail Stepanovich Maslov was buried in Leningrad at the Bogoslovsky cemetery (Academic site of the Military Medical Academy).

Heritage

More than 40 years of clinical, scientific and pedagogical activity M. S. Maslov managed to create his own pediatric school of like-minded people. An important achievement of MS Maslov was that he substantiated the need for primary pediatric education. This idea was embodied in the organization of the world's first specialized pediatric institute and pediatric faculties at a number of medical institutes.

The scientific interests of M. S. Maslov at first glance seem to be very diverse. You can name a long list of areas in pediatrics that M.S. Maslov and the teams he leads were involved in and where he said his word:

1. acute and chronic eating disorders;
2. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including digestive disorders;
3. hepatitis and hepatolienal diseases;
4. nephropathies;
5. respiratory diseases;
6. diseases of the cardiovascular system, including congenital heart defects;
7. sepsis and septic conditions.

Upon closer examination, it becomes obvious that the diverse problems dealt with by Mikhail Stepanovich and the teams headed by him, in fact, always had a common denominator. This determined the very concept of the “Maslov school”. The dialectical method of cognition in pediatrics professed by MS Maslov became a unifying platform. He considered it in three aspects:

1. dialectics in physiology;
2. dialectics in diagnostics;
3. dialectics of pathological conditions.

So, studying the characteristics of childhood, M. S. Maslov evaluated them from the point of view of the morpho-functional differentiation of organs and systems of a growing organism, and any pathological conditions - from the position of their possible negative impact on the process of this differentiation.

The study of the characteristics of childhood inevitably led M. S. Maslov to the problem of the constitution in children as "properties of the body to give the disease an individual character". M. S. Maslov thereby sought an internal connection between constitutional features - "acquired and inherited"- and features of the flow in different periods childhood of certain pathological conditions (in their pathophysiological and symptomatic expression). This allowed him to identify (which is not recognized by everyone) the concepts of constitutional anomalies and diathesis. M. S. Maslov wrote:

We speak about anomalies of the constitution when the functions of the body are in a state of unstable equilibrium, when the body has some individual congenital, inherited, as well as acquired permanent properties that predispose it to pathological reactions to external harms, make it to a certain extent prone, predisposed to certain diseases and to the severe course of his illnesses.

Studying the constitution, M.S. Maslov could not pass by reactivity, since "individual character" the course of the disease, due to the constitution, is realized primarily through the features of reactivity. It was from the point of view of altered reactivity that M. S. Maslov, together with M. G. Danilevich, for example, understood sepsis as a systemic bacterial process that had lost its connection with the primary infectious focus.

Taking into account the characteristics of childhood in its functional expression, as well as constitutional signs and reactivity, M. S. Maslov and his associates considered diagnostics as a form of cognition of the patient in the totality of manifestations of his pathological process. The end result of this knowledge is the formulation of an individual pathophysiological image of the disease. This is exactly what M. S. Maslov called clinical thinking.

For several decades, MS Maslov scrupulously collected biographical information about his colleagues. The handwritten archive of Mikhail Stepanovich, stored in the Military Medical Academy, in the department that bears his name, contains information about 107 Russian and Soviet pediatricians who have made a significant contribution to the development of domestic pediatrics.

Students and associates

Of the students and closest collaborators of Mikhail Stepanovich, 21 became professors and headed departments in various cities USSR: A. F. Tur (Leningrad / LPMI /), V. L. Styrikovich (Kishinev), E. I. Fridman (Leningrad / LPMI /, Novosibirsk), L. A. Yuriev (Kazan, Chkalov / Orenburg /) , R. M. Muravina (Leningrad / LPMI /), G. A. Nikolaev (Leningrad / GIDUV /), M. S. Bokeria (Tbilisi), L. G. Leyvikov (Karaganda), N. A. Shalkov (Moscow , Leningrad / GIDUV /), V. I. Morev (Leningrad / 3 LMI /), V. F. Znamensky (Leningrad / LSGMI /), Yu. A. Kotikov (Leningrad / LPMI /), P. I. Ilyinsky ( Leningrad, Simferopol, Kuibyshev), E. Yu. Poyurovskaya (Dzaudzhikau (Vladikavkaz)) Ata), E. S. Malyzheva (Leningrad /VMA/), A. A. Valentinovich (Leningrad /LPMI/), V.P. Davydov (Rostov-on-Don), M.S. Osetrinkina (Leningrad /LSMI/ ).

Already after the death of M. S. Maslov, the following students defended their doctoral dissertations: N. G. Zernov, A. I. Kliorin, O. L. Pereladova, M. G. Chukhlovina, K. F. Shiryaeva.

Family

(adopted daughter from last marriage)

Selected writings

• Maslov M.S. On the biological significance of phosphorus for a growing organism. Pilot study influence of phosphorus on the development of the organism and on intracellular enzymes: Dis. ... Dr. med. - St. Petersburg. : type. Headquarters gendarme corps, 1913 . - 210 p. - (Ser. doctoral diss., admitted to defense in the Imperial Military Medical Academician in 1912-1913 academic year; No. 45).
• Maslov M.S. On changes in respiratory curves under the influence of irritation in children with manifestations of spasmophilia and the significance of these changes for the recognition of latent tetany: In extract. message in the Society of Pediatric Doctors in St. Petersburg on September 26, 1912 / From Det. Clinics of Professor A.N. Shkarin at the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg .. - St. Petersburg. : type. "I. Trey", 1913 . - 32 s.
• Maslov M.S. The doctrine of constitutions and anomalies of the constitution (diathesis) in childhood and their biological and pathological significance: Clinical. lectures for doctors and students in monographic. presentation. - L., 1924 . - 164 p.
• Abelman M. L., Kisel A. A., Maslov M. S., Lunin N. I., Mochan V. O. Collection of childhood diseases / Ed. M. L. Abelman (Leningrad), prof. A. A. Kiselya (Moscow), prof. M. S. Maslova and others - L .: About children. doctors in Leningrad, 1925 . - 64 p.
• The doctrine of constitutions and anomalies of the constitution in childhood: Clinical. lectures for doctors and students in monographic. presentation. - 3rd ed., add. - L., 1926 . - 256 p.
• Maslov M.S. Fundamentals of the doctrine of the child and the characteristics of his diseases. - L .: Practical. medicine (V. S. Ettinger), 1926-1927 . - Vol. 1, 2. - 220 p. || Fundamentals of the doctrine of the child and the characteristics of his diseases: A guide for doctors and students. - 3rd ed., Rev. and additional - M.; L.: Mrs. publishing house, 1930 . - T. 1. - 512 p. - 5000 copies.; . - L .: Leningrad. honey. publishing house, 1932 . - T. 2. - 335 p. - 5200 copies.
• Maslov M. S., Tur A. F. Disorders of nutrition and digestion in infants. - M.; L.: Mrs. publishing house, 1928 . - 248 p. - 4000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. Children's diseases: A short course for medical students. - L.; M.: type. print yard, 1933 . - 346 p. - 7200 copies. || . - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - L.: Biomedgiz, 1935 . - 440 s. - 10,200 copies.
• Maslov M.S. A short guide to pediatrics for a military doctor. - L .: Voyen.-med. acad. red army, 1934 . - 45 s. - 500 copies.
• Nephropathy of childhood in the light of new research / Collection scientific papers ed. Yu. A. Mendeleva, M. S. Maslova. - L., 1935 .
• Maslov M.S. To the centenary of the birth of K.A. Rauhfus. (1835-1915) .. - L .: B. m. : B. i., 1936 . - 65-70 s.
• Maslov M. S., Tur A. F., Danilevich M. G. Guide to pediatrics: For students and doctors. - L.: Medgiz, 1938 . - 739 p. - 20,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. A guide to emergency care delivery and medication dosing in children. - L .: Voyen.-med. acad. red army, 1939 . - 48 s.
• Maslov M.S. Textbook of childhood diseases: For higher honey. textbook establishments. - 3rd ed., Rev. and additional - M.; L.: Medgiz, 1939 . - 496 p. - 30,000 copies. || Textbook of childhood diseases: For medical facts, honey. in-comrade. - 6th ed., corrected. and additional - L.: Medgiz, 1953 . - 512 p. - 100,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. Children's diseases: A textbook for pediatric students. facts. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - L.: Medgiz, 1946 . - 552 p. - 80,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. Diagnosis and prognosis of childhood diseases (Theory and practice): A guide for physicians. - L.: Medgiz, 1948 . - 495 p. - 10,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. Diseases of the liver and biliary tract in children. - L.: Medgiz, 1951 . - 164 p. - 20,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. The pathogenesis of respiratory failure in pneumonia in children and its treatment: Report, read. at the plenum of the All-Union. about-va det. doctors in Moscow on November 26, 1952. - L .: Medgiz, 1953 . - 40 s.
• Maslov M.S. Pathogenesis and treatment of toxic dyspepsia. - L., 1955 . - 47 p. - (B-ka practical doctor). - 10,000 copies.
• Maslov M.S. Dialectics as applied to pediatrics: a lecture. - L .: Military medical. academy. S. M. Kirova, 1956 . - 30 s.

"Where did I see him?" - it flashed through my head as soon as the familiar detective in absentia crossed the threshold of the office. “Maybe at a press conference of some kind?” - picks up versions of the memory, while we are exchanging on-duty phrases. "No. Earlier. University? Even earlier..."

You didn't study at the 23rd school by any chance?
- Studied.

Well, of course, this is the same high school student on whom I had to hold my gaze for longer than usual when we met in the school corridors. No, he was not captivated by beauty. He already had, rather, a negative charm. Adult intelligent eyes...

Perhaps it was they who made me pay attention to the boy, whose name I did not know and did not seek to find out. And now the head of the criminal investigation department of the Kurchatov District Department of Internal Affairs, a police lieutenant colonel, a virtuoso detective and a writer with an amazing perspective, Mikhail MASLOV, is visiting me. He asks for permission to smoke, leaving no chance to answer in the negative, and after many years we begin to get to know each other.

moral core

So far, I have read only one of your books - "The Personal File of Major Savransky." But, to be honest, I didn’t understand what kind of character he is, your hero - good or bad?

And I do not know what he is, I only know that he is moral. When it comes down to it, he will show himself as a man with a capital letter. Because the moral core is not ostentatious, it is its essence.

Otherwise, he is the same as most of us: he likes to drink and have fun. But when the situation requires him to act, he does it. This is his moral principle. It just cannot be otherwise. When you need to reach out to someone who has stumbled, he does it without hesitation.

In everyone he sees first of all a person, and then a criminal, a witness, a victim ...

- Why did you start writing?

There was a need. Or maybe something in life was left unsaid, I wanted to tell, but it didn’t work out in another way.

- So, in Moscow it was decided that your stories will form the basis of a new television series. Do you want fame?

When I started writing, I did not think about fame. I don't think about her now. But I will be pleased if people find out about my hero and people like him.

When my books appeared on the shelves of Chelyabinsk, Tyumen and Yekaterinburg stores, I was pleased. I saw my work embodied, I experienced joy.

Now my mother, talking with her girlfriends, to the question “And what does yours do?” proudly replies: "Mine is a writer." Now she has such a trump card.

business as usual

- You are 45 years old. Not far off retirement pension...

Yes, I think that they will send me earlier for my books (laughs).

But explain: why does a smart and talented person live with his wife and child in a one-room apartment? Not tired? Don't you want to no longer think about where to find money for your daughter's studies and what your wife will wear to a social event?

To say I don't care about all this... would be a lie. But you have to pay for everything in life. For the right to honestly do their own thing, too. I left the bodies, did not work for four years. Was in business. Not that unsuccessful.

So, neither shaky nor rolls. I had the opportunity to live better and lived better. But all this time he was worried, sick and ... returned. Everyone has his own path. You had to try something else in life to understand where you belong.

When I left, all four years I looked longingly at the rusty UAZ cars passing by and understood that I should be there. That's why he returned.

- You can be deceived?

Why not? I'm a living person. I always trust people, regardless of whether they want to deceive me or not. I believe until I am firmly convinced that I am being deceived. I never see a liar in a person until he proves the opposite to me.

- So, you proceed from the fact that the criminal always tells the truth?

I proceed from the fact that there is a person in front of me. But how he will behave... Of course, you can deceive me, and deceive me. I do not know people who would have passed this fate.

You know, when I was an opera, solving murders was common and easy. But now it’s much harder to send people “to the front line”. I want it myself.

- And when you only write books with such a load at work?

Oh, it's hard to explain. Employment at work, fatigue, and sometimes a crisis comes when you don’t feel like writing ... - everything happens. But when you want to write, the time itself is.

At night, you don’t consider him at all, you just sit and work for pleasure. My "extreme" story is called "Resignation". It also has some real basis. It is written with such pleasure! .. I am rewriting it for the fourth time (laughs).

- Do you want to retire?

- Will you go?

Where will I go? We'll all be there sooner or later. But when we start directing the series, I think we'll have to choose.

Who has a certificate in his pocket

- What is the proportion of fiction in your stories?

50 to 50. This is not a chronicle and not a documentary. The book is fiction, and, of course, not without fiction. Events are compressed in time. In fact, the principle of one day is laid down. It even looks like a diary. By the way, initially the book was called “Stories from the life of Major Savransky”.

- Are you a strict boss?

Maybe yes. For all his cheerfulness, he is strict. I would like to hope that it is fair.

- Do you know what your subordinates call you behind your back?

I don't know and I don't want to know. I'm afraid I won't like it (laughs).

- Did you learn psychology from life?

Differently. You see, you need to study to the grave. Tomorrow to die, but today - to learn. The psychology itself is interesting.

And it all started with the psychology of communication. I needed her for work.

- How much time do you need to understand who is in front of you?

If a person has a certificate from a psychiatrist in his pocket - five minutes. If this is a normal person with his own inner world, it will probably take a lot of time.

And criminals... Do you have any special methods of working with them? Well, to solve crimes as quickly as it happens in the book.

- Crown number ... There is no such thing. And not everyone is "injected" at once. There is no one pronounced technique, like a football player, for example, "hit with the right from the curb." There is experience, a whole set of techniques that is used in interrogation tactics.

Insidious test

- Do you want to play in the future series?

That's what I didn't think about. However, if this is some kind of negative character ...
But in the episode I will play with pleasure.

- You have a really negative charm. Do not offend such an assessment?

And why should she offend me, if she is? More visible from the side. Besides, it still never ceases to be a charm.

- In our country, for some reason, it is customary to dislike policemen. Does it bother you?

So after all I serve not for love and not for money. I'm not a prostitute. This is a calling. Every person has their own. Why are you working as a journalist? I receive my fixed salary. Now I'm entering a new television stage own life- and everything will be different.

- On this path there is such an insidious test as star disease ...

Why should my roof be torn down?

I'm not a girl who at the age of 18 came to conquer Moscow. If outstanding people see a perspective in me, then it is there. And I will be proud. I am proud that such masters are found with me. I don't think the roof will blow. I'm no longer the age to take it down.

But there is another danger as well. Serious money will appear, which you have never seen before in your life. And all your friends will turn away from you, and some of them will even start talking terribly bad about you ...

Childhood friends, I'm sure, will not turn away. Familiar - perhaps. And there will certainly be envious people. We talked about resignation. So, most of all I am afraid of forgetting.

Today you take out an officer's certificate from your pocket - a symbol of power, in return you receive a "pension" and ... for the first time you are remembered a year later on October 5 on your professional holiday. God willing, even on Police Day they will remember.

And then it will happen less and less and less. Yes, and God be with him. You say when glory comes, they will turn away. But I know for sure: the same thing will certainly happen when I put the certificate of an active officer on the table. Most of those people who are around now, they will all leave.

- In the meantime, do you consider yourself the best detective in Chelyabinsk?

Of course not. What do you! My ego is not over the top. But among the detectives, I'm the best writer! (Laughs.)

beautiful legend

- Finally reveal the secret of the pseudonym. Why do you need it, by the way?

Over time, a whole legend was invented about the pseudonym. She is very beautiful too. Feather grass - grass in the steppe. Such a funny one. It rained - she lay down, the snow - died. And the sun came out ... once - and unbent. It's beautiful, right?

I didn't come up with this. Readers. In fact, Victor is in honor of my father. And Kovyl is a derivative of my mother's maiden name - Kovylin. That's all. Banal, in general.

But a reader came up with a wonderful version, and I use it all the time. The first stories were in electronic form. The guys came and downloaded them from my computer at work. Read and pass from hand to hand. Why is an alias needed? Honestly? At first, there was probably fear: what if people don’t like it! Here's the insurance.

It all started as a joke. Wrote a few short stories, and then it became a necessity. 90 stories are already in the piggy bank today, I am finishing the sixth book. When I realized this, I was horrified!

Have you tried writing love stories? Such a surprise effect...

And I won't try, because I'm not interested. A person is happy when he does what he likes. Probably, I could write, but I could not put my soul into it. In principle, in my books - the whole personal life of Savransky.

His work is his personal life. However, there is not only about how he investigates crimes. There is also about how he washes in the bath. On the Internet, readers often ask Savransky to marry. They say: enough, this dog has already worked up!

But if you marry him, he will become immoral, begin to cheat on his wife. And he will start cheating on his wife (laughs). Now he is a moral person and bypasses these sharp corners. Does not communicate with married women, thus protecting family values.

- Who were you at school: a hooligan or a quiet one?

No, I have never been quiet, but also a pronounced hooligan who frantically protests without mind and memory, too. He could and did give back. And they gave me, be healthy. Everything went like a normal kid.

- Are your classmates surprised by your achievements? Firstly, the boss, and secondly, the writer.

Childhood friends, they're just happy for me. What's amazing? And the fact that the writer ... they are proud. That's their verdict, and I was afraid. Suddenly praise is forced? It is somehow inconvenient for a friend to say: "You Mr. wrote."

- So, all the laurels after the series will be given to Viktor Kovyl, and not Mikhail Maslov?

But nothing prevents Andrei Kivinov from being Andrei Pimenov. The author somehow shares the glory with his pseudonym.

- And in conclusion - psychological test. I love you. As an author. Am I telling the truth now?

P.S. Mikhail was discouraged by such a high assessment of the film producer. It even seemed to me that the detective was ready to fall through the ground. He said only one phrase: “You are making a superhero out of me. In vain. But I'm the most ordinary person ... "

Instead of an afterword

The version of the filming of the television series was confirmed by our famous countryman, the general producer of the Konstanta-Film film company, Konstantin Filimonov:

Mikhail Maslov's book was read with great interest by NTV producers. So far, we have only made an offer to this channel, but, believe me, other channels will grab such a series with pleasure. The invoice is original.

There is no show in Mikhail's works, here everyone recognizes himself: both the unemployed and the tough businessman. And how do the cops recognize themselves! (Laughs.) ... There was such a lieutenant colonel Maslennikov, whose memorial is now regularly held, including with my support, although I personally did not know this person.

Returning from work, he rushed to calm down the drunken brawler. Could not do this, could pass by, but rushed "to battle." So, I am sure that Mikhail would have acted in the same way, and without hesitation, reflexively. This is at the level of his energy, his attitude.

There is a state of mind in a man, which today characterizes far from everyone.
But that is why such people look like superheroes against the background of all other men.

Tatiana STROGANOVA
Photo by Valery BUSHUKHIN

Mikhail Evgenievich Maslov(1867-1936) - Russian officer, Major General of the Retinue of His Imperial Majesty.

Biography

Mikhail Evgenievich was born into the family of the Honorary Guardian of the Board of Trustees of the Office of Empress Maria Feodorovna (Petersburg Presence), Privy Councilor Yevgeny Dmitrievich Maslov (10/23/1840 - 8/24/1914) and Maria Vasilievna, nee Obukhova, daughter of a retired collegiate assessor Vasily Vasilyevich Obukhov. Baptized on November 4 in the Sorrowful Church with. Ostrominki Ryazan district; recipients: retired guards. Colonel Mikhail Dmitrievich Maslov and his daughter Ekaterina Mikhailovna.

After graduating from the Nikolaev Cadet Corps, he entered service on 10/01/1888.

Married to the daughter of Prince Evgeny Nikolayevich Volkonsky, Princess Anastasia Evgenievna Volkonskaya (1879 - 1970).

• August 10 - He graduated from the Nikolaev Cavalry School in the 1st category, released as a cornet in Her Majesty's Lancers of the Life Guards Regiment.
• August 30 - Lieutenant.
• December 6 - Staff captain.
• September 9 - Head of the regimental training team.
• November 8 - Commander of Her Majesty's Squadron.
• June 14, 1904 - Assigned to help with the production of experiments on cables and telephones as part of the combined equestrian sapper team formed at the regiment.
• December 6, 1904 - Captain.
• November 10 - Was sent to Livadia to bring congratulations to Her Imperial Majesty the Chief of the regiment on the 15th anniversary of his appointment as Chief.
• August 7 - Chairman of the regimental court.
• December 6 - Colonel.
• March 12 - Assistant to the regiment commander for the economic part.
• October 13, 1912 - Assistant commander of the regiment for combat units.
• October 22, 1912 - Chairman of the Regiment's Court of Officers' Honor and Chairman of the Administrative Committee of the Officers' Assembly.
• February 3 - Chairman of the commission to check the accounts for 1913
• July 22, 1914 - Made a speech with the regiment in the theater of operations of the First World War.

From a letter from Empress Alexandra Feodorovna: - Beloved, I saw my Knyazhevich and we talked about Maslov. In August it will be 25 years since he was in the regiment. He coped very well there with everything when the commander was sick. But still there are many difficult questions for him. If he was given another regiment, he would lose his lancer's uniform and probably not be a good commander. He feels tied to the regiment, while at the same time hindering the production of others. Could you make it flig.-adyut.? That would be a mercy, as he is very honest and good man, but better soon. Prince. delayed all the papers on his appointment as regiment commander. This will enable him to remain without harming anyone. There are a lot of old colonels in the cavalry guard regiment who somehow get along with all this. Tsarskoye Selo. June 18, 1915

- Platonov O.A.. - M .: Rodnik, 1996. - S. 800.

• July 25 - Adjutant Wing of His Imperial Majesty.
• September 21, 1915 - Commander of the Guards. Her Majesty's Lancers Regiment.
• April 28 - Major General of the Retinue of His Majesty.
• In March of the year, he retired due to illness and has not served in the army since. Until November, Mikhail Evgenievich lived as a carpenter and locksmith manual labor in the Nikolaev German colony of the Novgorod province.
• November 8, 1919 - March 1 - Head of economy at the Savino state farm, Department of Fuel and Forestry Development of the Novgorod section of the North-Western Railway. Dismissed due to the liquidation of the state farm.
• March 15, 1922 - March 1 - Head of the horse yard of the Novgorod Association of Trade and Agricultural Cooperative Unions. Dismissed due to the upcoming liquidation of the institution.
• April 24, 1924 - Arrested in Novgorod under Art. 67 "for participation in the suppression of the liberation movement in the Baltic states in 1905-1906 as part of the punitive expedition of General Orlov"Together with regiment officers Markov S.A., Krylov A.E., Yakovlev A.A. and Krotkov G.A.
• September 12, 1924 - According to the decision of the Special Meeting of the Collegium of the OGPU at the LVO, Maslov was sentenced to exile with a ban on living for three years in six points and frontier provinces. On September 27, 1924 he was released from custody and on November 19 of the same year he was exiled with his family to Kaluga.
• February 20 - Convicted by a troika at the PGPU of the Moscow Region under Art. 58 p. 10, 11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR for 5 years ITL.
• - passed away (before April 18).

Awards

• Mecklenburg-Schwerin Order - Order of the Vulture 4th degree (1894);
• Order of the Legion of Honor Cavalier's Cross (1895);
• Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree (1898);
• Order of the Lion and the Sun, 3rd degree (1906);
• Order of St. Anne, 3rd class (1906);
• Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd class (1906);
• Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree (1913);
• Order of St. Anne, 2nd class (1910);
• Swords and Bow to the existing Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree (1914);
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd class with swords (1915);
• St. George's weapon (VP 05/05/1915).

On June 5, an order for the Ulansky regiment was announced: “Order No. 324. In addition to § 3 of the order for the regiment of June 3 of this year. for No. 322, Colonel Maslov was awarded the St. George weapon for the fact that in the battle on November 20, 1914, at a position near the village of Velepole, when the division was withdrawing, under the onslaught of the enemy, he united 3 squadrons under his command, together with horse grenadiers, held the onslaught enemy and made it possible to carry out this withdrawal. M. E. Maslov was awarded for the same fight for which Gumilyov received his first St. George Cross.

• Swords to the existing Order of St. Anne 2nd degree (1915).

Bibliography

• Volkov S.V."Generality Russian Empire. encyclopedic Dictionary generals and admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2009.
• Volkov S.V. Generals and staff officers of the Russian army. Martyrology experience. T. 1-2. FIV, 2012. ISBN 978-5-94862-007-6.
• RGVIA, F. 970 Op. 3 D. 2275 l. 45 - 56rev
• List of colonels by seniority. Compiled on 03/01/1914. St. Petersburg, 1914
• List of generals by seniority. Compiled on 07/10/1916. Petrograd, 1916
• Valkovich A. M., Kapitonov A. P. Russian Guard: 1700-1918: a handbook. New chronograph, 2005
• Gafifullin R. R. Costume ball in the Winter Palace: In 2 volumes. Album with photographs and biographical articles. M.: Publishing House"Russian antiques", 2003. - 464 p.
• Makarevich E. Unforgotten graves. Russian abroad: obituaries 1917-1997 in 6 volumes, 8 books. Volume 4. - M.: Pashkov Dom, 2004.
• Deryabin A., Dzys I."First World War 1914–1918 Cavalry of the Russian Imperial Guard. M.: AST, 2002. ISBN 5-237-04420-4
• Bobrovsky P. O."History of the Life Guards of Her Majesty Empress Alexandra Feodorovna's Ulansky Regiment". - St. Petersburg: Expedition for the preparation of state papers, 1903.

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An excerpt characterizing Maslov, Mikhail Evgenievich

At the glow of the first fire that broke out on September 2 from different roads the fleeing and leaving inhabitants and the retreating troops watched with different feelings.
That night the Rostov train stopped at Mytishchi, twenty versts from Moscow. On September 1, they left so late, the road was so cluttered with wagons and troops, so many things were forgotten, for which people were sent, that that night it was decided to spend the night five miles beyond Moscow. The next morning we set off late, and again there were so many stops that we only reached Bolshiye Mytishchi. At ten o'clock, the Rostovs and the wounded who were traveling with them all settled in the yards and huts of a large village. The people, the coachmen of the Rostovs and the batmen of the wounded, having removed the gentlemen, had supper, fed the horses, and went out onto the porch.

How did you become the first face of a PR agency - by founding it or as a result of a promotion? What do you think is more interesting?
I co-founded Maslov, Sokur & Partners in the fall of 1993. The company actually started working in September 1994. At that time, I had about four years of work experience in my specialty. After 12 years - in early 2006, this agency ceased to exist, and I founded another company - Maslov PR.

Since I've been self-employed for over 14 years, it's hard for me to compare. I think it's more interesting to become a founder. But it's also more difficult. Too much had to come to his mind; too many mistakes were made that could have been avoided. Although, maybe this is more interesting?

Is it possible to learn the profession of a PR specialist? Or is it a calling? How was it for you?
Rather, it's a calling...complemented by years of study. If you are unsociable, conservative, do not accept anything new, and do not know how to clearly express your thoughts, then I am afraid it will be difficult to learn. But even without studying and many years of practice, becoming a real professional will not work.

I got into the profession quite by accident - in the late 80s, even the concept itself was new and there was nowhere to study. So I went to study international journalism, and ended up in the middle of a nascent PR industry. I read books, talked with foreign specialists who then began to come to Moscow, I learned something from my teachers at MGIMO. However, the real defining moment for me was the year spent in the USA, where I trained in various PR agencies. Upon returning from there, I realized - exactly mine.

Do you choose employees based on personal qualities (like-minded people) or professionals? What is more profitable?
Like-minded professionals. Otherwise it is impossible. It is easier and, most likely, more profitable to focus only on the professional side of the matter, but then there is a great risk that you will end up with an inanimate mechanism, an “automatic customer service”, a money-making machine.

Of course, I'm exaggerating a little, but the essence of the issue is that the emotional side of the issue is equally important to me, whether I get satisfaction from what I do or not. Money is important, I don't argue, but 'fun' is just as important. And here it already matters who I work with, whether it is pleasant for me to deal with these people, and this applies not only to employees, but also to clients - we allow ourselves to choose which clients we work with.

How do you answer the question, for example, of strangers or relatives or friends - "what do you do?" Speak honestly and hold a mini-lecture "what is PR" or in some other way?
In more than 15 years of my work in PR, friends and relatives in general have already figured out what it is. When communicating with people who are little known and far from the profession, I try to get by with a general answer according to the circumstances - if a person understands the parallel with advertising, let it be “something like that”. I am not engaged in popularization, and in any case, I try to do without mini-lectures.

Please define as briefly as possible three times:
PR is: communication

PR is: passion

PR is: respect

What do you enjoy at work? Have you lost interest and taste in business? Is it your favorite?
Unfortunately, I don’t have an alternative profession, so in the event of a sudden cooling off in my favorite business, I can go, perhaps, only as a taxi driver - I drive a car well, I know the city as a whole.

But seriously, as long as I have the opportunity to learn something new and meet interesting people, I will not lose my taste for business.

Would you like your children to follow in your professional footsteps?
Why not? I have an interesting job and in 15 years it will not become boring, but they will choose for themselves. If they decide to become someone else, I will only be happy for them - the main thing is that this business should be loved.

Holy-no-mu-che-nick Mi-kha-il was born on July 8, 1874 in the village of Scheg-la-tie-vo Starits-ko-go county-yes Tver- of the gu-ber-nii in the family of the dog-lom-schi-ka Gri-go-ria Mas-lo-va. Mi-ha-il graduated from the church-kov-but-parish school and studied for one year in the spiritual school, then he could tsu in the peasant economy. In 1895, he was drafted into the army and sent to the city of Be-lo-stock. At the end of the cha-nii in 1899, the mi-kha-il Gri-gor-e-vich returned to the ro-di-nu and began to serve temple in the village of Koz-mo-de-Myan-sky, Tver province. In 1907, he was ru-ko-po-lo-wives in dia-ko-na to the temple in the village of Mel-ko-in the Tver province, where he served until 1924, and then he was sent to the Ar-khan-ge-la Mi-ha-i-la temple in the village of Mi-ku-li-no Lo-to-shin-sko th paradise-o-on the Moscow region.
In 1930, dea-con Mi-ha-il was ru-ko-po-lo-zhen in the sacred-no-ka to the temple of se-la Gu-rye-vo. Since 1935, he began to serve in the temple of the native village of Scheg-la-tie-vo.

Priest-nick Mi-ha-il Mas-lov.
Moscow, Taganskaya prison. 1938

On November 11, 1937, the local party org from-prav-vil to the district department of the NKVD said that the priest Mi-kha-il Mas-lov said that life under the Soviet government and leadership has become-li-on-sta-la cha -zhe-loy, there’s nothing, yes, the unfortunate kar-tosh-ki-kol-hoz-ni-ki and then they don’t get better, but if it’s better cha-yut, then rot-luyu. At the expense of fear-ki, he said in a mean-ing that the Soviet authorities only pay money, and if you burn out, then lu-chish ku-quish. Not that it’s built-in, but you can’t buy a few de-re-views. Earlier, under the old system, in a go-re-letz goes to-bi-army, he will have pants, and a shirt, and de-neg, and products will be given - dut - sgo-re-lo less than what he lu-cheats.
February 1, 1938, pre-se-da-tel sel-so-ve-ta co-sta-vil a certificate of the priest-nick and presented her to heaven he is a department of the NKVD. In it, he wrote that the priest-nick influenced the labor-to-vuyu dis-qi-pli-well-ho-ho-call by way of be-se-to-va-nia from old-rush -ka-mi at the window-shek and at home, the deadlines for the state-state positions were not fulfilled and was an-ti-so-vet-ski on-stro- en. On the same day, following-do-va-tel do-pro-force one of the swi-de-te-lei, someone said: “I know that Mas-lov agi-ti -ru-et kol-hoz-ni-kov, so that they go-di-whether to the church and pray to God. Personally, he told me to go to church, God will give you health for this.
On March 10, 1938, Father Mi-ha-il was are-sto-van, imprisoned in the city-ro-de Vo-lo-ko-lam-ske and on the same day before-pro-shen. On the question of the next-to-va-te-la, he replied that his an-ti-so-vet-de-I-tel-ness was for-key-cha-et-sya in the fact that he is under-in-followed by the Soviet authorities, in a way he said that under the Soviet authorities there are no shoes, no clothes, earlier, under the tsar, there was a lot of everything and everything was cheap, but now there is nothing. All done-la-whether ni-shi-mi, car-to-fe-la and that is enough.
- Citizen-da-nin Mas-lov, during the time you-bo-ditch in the Ver-khov-ny Council you conducted an-ti-so-vet-sky agitation and go-in -ri-li: “To whom-mu-ni-sta-go-vo-ryat that under Soviet power there will be de-mo-kra-tia; it is only in words, but in de-le it is not; you see how hit-ro Stalin na-pi-sal, that now there are no deprivation of bi-ra-tel-ny rights, but in reality it’s alive there is no deception, there is no de-mo-kra-ty under Soviet power and there will never be.” The consequence of the pre-la-ga-et you give is-rolling for-ka-for-niya on this question.
- I don’t recognize myself in this wine. I can’t say anything anymore.
On March 15, 1938, a trio of the NKVD brought-go-vo-ri-la from Mi-ha-i-la to the race. The priest Mi-kha-il Mas-lov was shot on March 22, 1938, and in the nameless general mo-gi-le on the li-gon Bu-to-vo near Moscow.