Lesson type: combined

Target

– formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it on the basis of the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and emotional-value understanding of a child personal experience communication with people and nature;

Characteristics of students' activities

Understand learning objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.

Describe according to his observations of the shape of the earth's surface of his native land, find on the map of the region, the main forms of the earth's surface, large ravines and gullies, extract from local history literature information about the surface of the region. Discuss measures to protect the surface of its edge. Formulate conclusions from the studied material, reply for final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson

Planned results

subject

Know the concepts of "ravine", "beam".

Be able to show mountains, plains, rivers on a map, globe, distinguish between natural objects and products, objects of animate and inanimate nature.

Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. communicative)

P. - to build messages in oral form, to analyze objects with the allocation of essential and non-essential features.

R. - take into account the guidelines of action selected by the teacher in the new educational material in collaboration with the teacher. Learn to speak your mind.

K. - ask questions, seek help.

Personal Outcomes

A feeling of love for one's country, expressed in interest in its nature.

Cooperation skills in different situations, the ability not to create conflicts and find a way out of controversial situations.

Basic concepts and definitions

"ravine", "beam".

Preparing for the assimilation of new material

Based on your observations, as well as using a map of the region and local history literature, describe the main forms of the earth's surface in your region. Do not forget that the plains are flat and hilly, and the mountains are of different heights.

Learning new material

You already know that on the plains there are ravines. They have steep, crumbling slopes. There are usually almost no plants on the slopes of ravines.

The formation of a ravine begins with a small rut in the soil surface. Streams of melt and rain water wash it away, and therefore the ravine gradually increases. At the same time, it destroys large areas of fertile soil.

Over time (after many years) the slopes of the ravine become gentle, overgrown with grass, shrubs, and trees. The ravine stops growing. So he turns into beam. A beam is a depression with gentle slopes overgrown with plants.

If you saw a ravine during the tour, tell us about it. Are there many ravines in your area? Are there beams in your area? Tell me about the one you saw on the tour.

Comprehension and understanding of the acquired knowledge

Think about where it is easier to build cities, villages, build roads, work the land - on the plain or in the mountains. How do people use the surface in your area?

SHOULD THE SURFACE BE PROTECTED?

Maybe this question will seem strange. It is necessary to protect plants, animals, purity of air and water. And what about the surface of the edge?.. Does anything threaten it? Let's discuss.

During the excursions, you probably paid attention to the beauty of the surrounding area. What do you feel when you go out into the open, from where you can see far around? You probably feel joy and pride for your native land. How beautiful she is!

But it also happens that instead of these feelings you experience bitterness and resentment. For example, at an abandoned quarry. Once sand, clay or coal was mined here. Now the quarry is a wound on the surface of the earth. But people had to fill it up and plant a forest on this place or turn the quarry into a fish pond.

And in another place, the builders erected new houses and left a large dump. Here are broken bricks, and glass fragments, and much more. The people who worked at this construction site violated the law that forbids throwing garbage anywhere. And how many such dumps disfigure the surface of our earth!

The tractor driver does not behave in a businesslike manner if he plows the land on a slope so that the furrows descend along the slope. After the first rain, streams of water will flow along these furrows - this is the beginning of the ravine! Plowing can only be done across slopes. And steep slopes cannot be plowed at all.

To stop the formation of a ravine, small potholes are dug in and grass is sown in this place. Across a small ravine, low wattle fences are made of willow stakes and twigs. Over time, the stakes will take root, and a reliable living barrier will form for water flows. Trees and shrubs are planted along the edges and slopes of the ravine.

Correct and incorrect plowing of slopes

You, too, can participate in protecting the surface of your region. Explore with adults the surroundings of the city, village. If you find an abandoned quarry, an illegal dump, plowing along slopes, a pothole that can turn into a ravine, report it to the nature conservation society. Take part in garbage collection, in the fight against ravines

So it turns out that the earth's surface must be protected no less carefully than water and air, plants and animals.

Let's discuss!

What cases of irresponsible attitude of people to the surface of their region do you know? Is it possible to compensate for the damage done to nature in these cases? How to do it?

Independent application of knowledge

check yourself

1. Tell us about the surface of your region. 2. How is the surface used in your area? 3. What does it mean to "guard the surface"? 4. What participation can schoolchildren take in protecting the surface of their region?

Mountains that should not be

In some regions of our country, where many minerals are mined from the bowels of the earth, mountains have grown - waste heaps. They did not grow by themselves, they were poured by people. Extracting minerals, processing them, they dumped all the waste - waste rock - into heaps. The heaps grew, grew... And so it turned out that people, living on the plain, ended up... in the mountains.

Terricons are not at all harmless. After all, under them were huge areas of fruit native land taken from agriculture. The waste heaps themselves spread clouds of dust around them, which pollutes the air. It happens that ter-rikons light up, spreading acrid smoke. And the polluted water flowing down from them after the rains poisons the soil and reservoirs.

People are fighting with heaps. Somewhere they are leveled, soil is brought in and plants are planted. In some places, they learned how to extract valuable substances from waste heaps. So the mountains created by people are gradually disappearing.

Yes, these mountains did not exist before. It is necessary to try very hard so that they do not remain in the future.

Waste heaps

Conclusion

When doing housework, people use the top of its edge. This must be done carefully so as not to violate the beauty of the native land, to prevent the formation of ravines and illegal dumps.

Homework assignments

1. Write in a dictionary: ravine, beam.

2. Draw what the surface of your edge looks like. You can fashion a model of some part of it (hill, ravine, mountain range) from plasticine, clay or raw sand.

3. If there is a ravine in your area, ask adults if it has existed for a long time, how it has changed during this time, what people are doing to stop its growth. Think about how you can help adults.

Kirov: SecretsEarthVyatka

Vyatkaravines

Razderikhinskyravine

hidden treasuresVyatka - Podchurshinskysettlement

ancientdumpsAndwaste heapsBashkiria

Planet Earth is a giant worked-out quarry?

Information sources:

A. A. Pleshakov textbook, workbook The world around Grade 3 Moscow

"Enlightenment" 2014

Presentation Hosting the world

We remember: What is the lithosphere? Earth's crust? What are the origins of the earth's crust? Give examples. What minerals do you know? How and where are they used?

Keywords: earth's crust, minerals, subsoil protection, land reclamation, waste heaps.

1. Protection of the wealth of the lithosphere. Annually for the globe a wide variety of minerals are mined. Useful minerals- These are natural mineral formations that occur and are mined by people from earth's crust. Among them are combustible, metallic and non-metallic. Minerals are necessary for human life, the development of industry, agriculture, and transport.

Useful substances are not always fully extracted from mined minerals. So, for example, at some enterprises, copper was extracted from the mined ore, and the remaining rock was considered unusable, empty and thrown away. During the analysis, it turned out that this rock, in addition to copper, contains a significant amount of zinc, gold, silver, lead and other valuable metals. The introduction of new methods of processing minerals will allow extracting valuable substances from ore almost without loss.

Each of you will agree that it is necessary to carefully treat minerals. However, how can this be done if a huge amount of them is mined from the lithosphere all over the world every year? The surface of the Earth is indented by large quarries - huge pits, workings of rocks. A quarry is like a huge wound in the body of the lithosphere. The wind carries dust from here, which covers the fields for many kilometers. Around mine workings, such as coal mines, large cone-shaped mountains often form - waste rock heaps, which are called t e r r i k o n a m i. In Belarus, examples of such human activities are the waste from potash mining in the Soligorsk region and the production of phosphate fertilizers in the Gomel region. Millions of hectares of fertile land are occupied by such dumps in many countries. Plowlands are covered with dumps of mine workings. What to do? Maybe stop mining? What would you do?

Underground treasures should not be treated wastefully. We need to make good use of these resources. Minerals are not renewed, like, for example, a forest after cutting down. This means that the time may come when the deposits of oil, coal, ores of various metals will dry up. Indeed, according to experts, now oil reserves around the world can last for about 50 years, and coal - for 500. There is something to think about.

It is necessary to carefully extract and economically use minerals. When oil is extracted, for example, up to half of its total amount remains in the bowels of the Earth. A lot of coal and various ores are also lost.

When developing deposits, all rocks should be used. In dumps of quarries, for example, a lot of clay, sand, chalk is lost. Therefore, the laws of many countries oblige enterprises for the extraction and processing of minerals in such a way to conduct production in order to extract all the useful substances contained in this type of natural raw material.

When deforestation, the destruction of natural vegetation, soil erosion increases and the formation of ravines begins. They cause great harm to agriculture, so they are being fought.

2. Cultivation of disturbed lands. To restore lands disturbed by human activities, special work – r e c u l t i v a c and y. Thus, the surface of dumps formed during open-pit mining is leveled. Soil is poured onto the leveled surface. After that, bushes, trees are planted, grasses are sown, crops are grown. Sometimes the slopes of waste heaps are greened.

Quarries are dug in open pit mining. After the development of fossils, large quarries are flooded with water, turned into artificial reservoirs - ponds, their banks are greened. Recreation areas are being created. In addition, fish and waterfowl can be bred in reservoirs.

The rocks that make up the waste heaps are used for the manufacture of building materials and for the production of fertilizers. Until recently, mountains of slag towered around metallurgical plants, which occupied large areas of land. Now, from metallurgical slag, an excellent building material is produced - slag concrete.

Protecting the earth's surface means waging a constant struggle against ravines, economically allocating land for the construction of cities, factories, factories, railways and highways.

1. What should be considered when extracting and processing minerals? 2. How is the cultivation of dumps, abandoned quarries and waste heaps carried out?

Ivanova Daria

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

Russian-Paevskaya middle comprehensive school

Insarsky municipal district RM

Information project

“To protect nature means to protect the Motherland”

Completed by: Ivanova Daria Nikolaevna

11th grade student

Head: Gordeeva Olga Ivanovna

Biology teacher

With. Russian Payovka

year 2013

Introduction 3

Environmental education activities 6

Forestry activities 10

Forest protection activities 11

Environmental activities 11

2. Results 14

3. Findings 14

Conclusion 15

Literature 16

Introduction

Tree, grass, flower and bird

They don't always know how to defend themselves.

If they are destroyed

We will be alone on the planet.

These lines become a bitter truth for all mankind. And we need to talk about it out loud!

The earth is our common home, we live here, drink this water, breathe this air. Everything on this earth should be native to us: a small stream, and a curly birch, and a lark at its blue zenith. And around so much cruelty, indifference to nature. Forests, rivers, meadows are on the verge of destruction. And the task of the younger generation is to prevent this.

2013 was announced by the President of the country V.V. Putin Year of Environmental Protection.

Relevance.

In our time, the relevance of the topic of nature conservation is clear to every sane person. But today it is also noteworthy that almost a hundred years ago, among the functions of the state, first of all, ecological and only then financial were singled out, that is, the problem of environmental protection was relevant even in those years far from us, although at that time there was no Chernobyl , neither the tragedy of the Aral Sea, nor sick agricultural lands, nor the problem of clean water, air. It turns out that people who lived in past centuries already saw and understood the problem of protecting the environment and showed ways to solve it.

At present, in the age of global environmental issues, we are inhabitants of the planet Earth, we are aware that our life takes place in an environmentally unfavorable environment. But at the same time, we often blame enterprises, the exhaust gases of passing cars, and much more. At the same time, we see the reason less in ourselves, in the lack of our personal interest in solving these important problems.

Nature is our wealth: to preserve this wealth for future generations is our task and duty. Think about the content of the call to you by the writer Mikhail Prishvin: “Fish needs clean water - we will protect our reservoirs. Various valuable animals live in forests, mountains, steppes - we will protect forests, steppes, mountains. Fish - water, bird - air, beast - forest, steppe, mountains. And a man needs a homeland. And to protect nature means to protect the Motherland.

Practical significance.

The famous writer M. M. Prishvin said: “Take care of nature! If there is water and not a single fish, I won’t believe the water. And even if there is oxygen in the air, but birds don’t fly in it, I won’t believe the air either. forest...".

In past centuries, when the number of earthlings was small, and industry was poorly developed, people rarely thought about the consequences of gross interference with nature. And gradually, with the development of scientific and technological progress, the attack on nature led to the depletion of soils, the shallowing of rivers and lakes, the death of vegetation, and the formation of deserts. Behind last years the ecological situation has deteriorated sharply, many species of plants and animals are disappearing and becoming rare, many corners of nature are losing their value. Many people began to worry about the deterioration environmental situation on the ground. And then they began to create entire territories in the world, on which they began to protect entire natural ingredients, including in Russia. In 1916 January 11th in history Russian state The first Barguzinsky nature reserve was established. At present, there are already 100 nature reserves, 35 national parks and 68 reserves in Russia.

Humanity has been living on planet Earth for almost a million years, but people at present do not think much about the fact that all the riches of the earth are not eternal, that they need protection, replenishment and careful handling.

Target: Everything that surrounds us, we must learn to love, protect and protect.

Tasks:

• Learn to collect information from scientific literature and periodicals about the problems of environmental pollution by humans. Use it for practical research work.
• To study the rules of behavior in nature and measures for the protection of nature;
• Learn how to properly assess situations in the environment, make the right decisions and actively participate in nature conservation.

Hypothesis - I believe that all people can provide all possible assistance in protecting nature.

Methods:

• formulation of the purpose and objectives of the project;
• hypotheses and its solution;
• systematization and analysis practical activities school forestry "Birch".

Project Description

Type of project - educational and practical, collective, long-term.

Performers - the team of the school forestry "Birch".

The nature of the project is informational.

The dominant activity in the project is educational and practical, creative and search.

Project stages

1. Preparatory stage.

Collect information from scientific literature and periodicals about the problems of environmental pollution by humans. Use it in practical, research work.

2. Organizational-theoretical. Practical.

Formulation of the goal and objectives of the project, hypotheses and its solution, systematization and analysis of the practical activities of the Beryozka school forestry.

Questions guiding the project.

Fundamental question“Who, if not us, will protect nature?

Problem questions:

2. Is it possible to survive in modern society without ecological knowledge?

4. How can I help nature?

I try to preserve our nature, do good deeds, help wildlife, together with the staff of the Beryozka school forestry.

A Brief History of the Beryozka School Forestry

We consider February 8, 2012 to be the birthday of the school forestry "Berezka" of the Russian-Paevskaya secondary school. On this day, order No. 6 “On the organization of school forestry” was signed, guided by the agreement of the MBOU “Russian-Paevskaya Secondary School” with the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Mordovia dated December 22, 2011, in order to educate the students of the school environmentally, to form a careful attitude to natural resources native land. At the school line of students, schools received information about the creation of a school forestry. The school held a competition for the approval of the emblem, motto, anthem of the school forestry. 16 students of the school voluntarily wrote an application to join its ranks. In February, a general meeting was held, at which the students were accepted as members of the school forestry. We chose the Council of the SL, developed the charter, regulation, plan for further work forestry. Students unanimously voted for the name of the forestry - "Birch". After all, it is precisely the alley of 25 birches that meets each student at the gates of the school. This picturesque corner always gives children and adults a lot of joy and extraordinary beauty at any time of the year, and it is also a living corner for phenological observations.

Brief description of the school forestry "Birch"

The school forestry "Berezka" of the Russian-Paevskaya secondary school was formed in February 2012.

In 2012, a regulatory framework was developed: an agreement on cooperation between the MBOU "Russian-Payovskaya secondary school" and the GKU RM "Kovylkinskoe territorial forestry", an order, regulation and charter on school forestry, the main forms of the direction of work, symbols. All this made it possible to transfer the activities of the school forestry to “legal work”.

The territory of the forest area is assigned to the school forestry "Beryozka": block No. 80, allotments from 5 to 20, with an area of ​​39 hectares of the Insarsky section of the Kovylkinsky interleskhoz of the Insarsky district. The forest is located 6 kilometers south of the school, and students have the opportunity to travel regularly by bicycle or by school bus for forestry and environmental work. In the first days of the work of the school forestry "Birch", the symbolism of the school forestry was approved. At the moment, the school forestry has an emblem, an anthem, an oath, a charter, a regulation on the SL, a work plan, as well as a uniform with the logos of the school forestry. The form was provided by the GKU RM "Kovylkinskoye Territorial Forestry".

Motto: In the name of life, beauty, harmony, love.

Normative base

Agreement between MBOU "Russian-Paevskaya secondary school" with the State Institution of the Republic of Moldova "Kovylkinskoe territorial forestry"

Order of the director on the creation of a school forestry

Regulations on school forestry

Charter of the school forestry

2. Is it possible to survive in modern society without ecological knowledge?

It's no secret that our world is on the verge of an ecological catastrophe. The state of nature begins to threaten the existence of man himself. For violating the laws of the biosphere, a person is already paying with his health. But the worst thing is that future generations will have to pay for it. The only salvation is to hear the voice of nature, to obey its laws, to abandon the consumer attitude towards the Earth and its riches. The only salvation is in ecological culture. And the most important sign ecological culture- knowledge and implementation of environmental laws. Unfortunately, many do not know these laws and pollute the Earth, violate the fragile ecological balance in nature.

Environmental education activities

As you can see, nature very severely punishes those who do not comply with its laws. And yet there are only four of these laws. They are so easy to remember! So, four laws of ecology. They were formulated by the American scientist Barry Commoner. We try to fulfill these laws, and every member of the school forestry knows these laws.

The first law: "Everything is connected with everything." One fisherman for the rest of his life remembered the lesson of ecological culture, which was given to him by an old Even - a resident of the Kolyma taiga. They fished on the banks of the river, but there were clouds of mosquitoes in the taiga. “Oh, there would be a scientist who would exterminate all this “evil spirits”!” - the fisherman exclaimed in his hearts. Even, who was sitting nearby, without saying a word, took a freshly caught grayling and cut its thick belly with a knife. The stomach of the fish was filled with... mosquitoes. If you destroy mosquitoes, then the fish that feed on them will also disappear. And if the fish disappear, people will starve. In nature, everything is in balance, everything is connected. Nature is very intelligent. She herself regulates the number of all living organisms.

The second law says: "Everything has to go somewhere." Nothing disappears without a trace, including garbage that is buried or burned. From one substance, another arises, while the air is poisoned, the climate changes, people get sick.

The third law: "Nothing comes for free." Everything that we have won by taking from nature, she will take from us in other ways. Sparrows were destroyed - pests ate the entire crop, birds of prey were shot - partridges disappeared. You have to pay for everything.

Fourth law: "Nature knows best." Man, arrogantly wanting to "improve" nature, disrupts the course of natural processes. Nature has no waste: for any substance in nature there is an enzyme that can decompose this substance. Well, man has created and continues to create a huge number chemical substances and materials that, getting into the natural environment, do not decompose, accumulate and pollute it.

In order to convey knowledge and the implementation of the laws of nature to school students, their parents, villagers, we study literature, armed with knowledge, conduct environmental classes in elementary and middle grades, organize environmental campaigns in our village, promoting the ideas of nature conservation through the performances of our events. The main theme is environmental protection and the main idea always remains: nature protection is everyone's duty.

For a short period of existence, our school forestry "Beryozka" has already developed its own traditions. This is a holiday of autumn, birds, quizzes, a drawing competition, excursions and educational trips, monthly councils of foresters. The guys started and research activities with the subsequent development and protection of projects.

Forestry activities

Unfortunately, today few people remember that the forest is the green gold of our country. Everything that makes up the forest today needs protection now more than ever.

The forest management activity of the school forestry this year was minimal, due to the large number of snakes in this area of ​​the forest. Students of the school forestry "Beryozka" carried out only forest care, on an area of ​​1 hectare of forest. The territory of the forest has been cleared of dry land and debris. The schoolchildren planted trees and shrubs for landscaping the streets of their native village, school grounds.

The collection of hardwood seeds took place as follows: having learned about the collection of birch seeds, the students were divided into three groups. The first group collected seeds in the village of Russkaya Paevka. Place of collection of seeds: forest plantations and birches growing near houses. Responsible Queen Victoria. The second group is the village of Kulmezh. Responsible Inozemtseva Alina. The third is the village of Yamshchina. Responsible Sukharkova Tatyana. We collected birch seeds from the school birch allele.

Campaign "Clean Forest"

We have taken care of the assigned forest area and carried out biotechnical measures aimed at attracting and protecting birds. It is gratifying to note that there is less garbage in the forest. The most common garbage in the forest, which is sometimes left behind by numerous vacationers in the course of our study, were: plastic bottles, plastic bags and cans. The situation is worse with forest plantations, where there is much more garbage: food waste, various rags, and scrap metal is found. This can be explained by the complete indifference of some people to nature. We plan to treat this "indifference" in the new year with explanatory work about the dangers of garbage among the population. Garbage that was found in the forest was dropped into pits: plastic bottles, plastic bags and cans.

Forest protection "Green Patrol"

Ecologically clean areas of our forest serve as a source of medicinal raw materials, and the craze of people for the treatment of various diseases with wild medicinal plants will lead to the fact that many of them will simply be destroyed. Oregano, St. John's wort and many others break out medicinal plants, branches of blossoming linden are breaking. The disappearance of plants will also have a detrimental effect on the animal world, since plants are at the very beginning of the food chain, and oregano is already becoming a rare species in our area. It is necessary to direct all efforts to preserve the natural wealth of our region. We carry out educational work among the younger generation and the local population, in order to preserve the biogeocenoses of our area, and this great work on the protection of forest cultures was carried out by the Green Patrol, a faithful protector of plants, a watch forest, saved more than one plant.

Nature protection activity.

The work of the school forestry "Beryozka" provides for the environmental activities of young lovers of the forest. They promote certain rules of behavior in the forest, organize a widespread study of nature, the forest community, which instills in every student a sense of responsibility - to stand up for it.

Operation Anthill

In early spring, Operation "Anthill" was carried out, within which we identify anthills in the territory of the forest plot assigned to us. The studies carried out by the children were mainly of a exploratory and educational nature. The operation was carried out with a specialist Tyurina G.V.

This year we found 5 anthills. All anthills turned out to be giants, the height was more than 70 cm. But the most important thing is that we fenced 2 anthills to save forest animals and humans from destruction.

A living stream runs, carries leaves, insects, needles. And all these are our red forest ants, forest orderlies, hard workers. They work from day to day, build their towers. But the trouble is, forest animals tear anthills too often. Then schoolchildren come to the aid of forest ants, they enclose anthills, protect them from ruin.

Action "Our wintering birds"

Winter is the most severe time for birds, as there is less and less food available to them, which means that almost all birds go hungry during the harsh season, and some of them even die of starvation.

A good tradition of our school is holding the action "Our wintering birds". Every year we make feeders, hang them up and help the birds with pleasure.

In our school, the work consists of three stages. The first stage is the "Bird Pantry" campaign. We have collected rowan berries, seeds of various plants, watermelon seeds, pumpkins for feeding birds in the winter. Children bring pieces of unsalted fat from home - a delicacy for titmouse, unroasted seeds, millet, sunflower seeds.

The second stage of the action "Feeder" - the manufacture of feeders and regular feeding of birds in winter. On the territory of the school, feeding of birds is carried out at 10 feeders according to the schedule drawn up by the assets of the SL "Berezka", starting from primary school, ending with 11. Sparrows and tits were frequent visitors to the feeders. Bullfinches also flew to school birch trees, waxwings were also seen. The children observed the arriving birds and photographed them.

In March, the final stage is held - the Birdhouse campaign. Schoolchildren make and hang artificial bird nests. In total, we hung 21 houses and 3 titmouses. Conclusion: the students of our school, actively participating in actions, saved more than one flock of forest dwellers.

Campaign "Clean Spring"

Work on the study and conservation of springs in this area is currently relevant. Rational use of water is one of the most important contemporary problems conservation for all mankind.

The guys from the school forestry "Beryozka" this year studied the history of the appearance of a spring in the village of Zasechnaya Sloboda, made an excursion in order to familiarize themselves with the location of the spring, study its taste. They also cleaned up the springs located on the territory of the village of Russkaya Paevka. During the excursion, the children gained knowledge about water purification, a boost of energy in communication with nature.

4. How can I help nature? Educational research work

Korolyov Artem conducted research on the study of the animal world of nearby forests. The purpose of the study: to study the features of the animal world of our region. In the investigated area of ​​the forest, Artem found traces of a wild boar, a fox, a hare, a badger and its hole, a population of hazel grouse. He also took photographs of the forest, forest landscapes.

Takazina Tatyana studied the product of the vital activity of bees - honey. Tanya conducted many experiments to study the quality of honey. Her research work was called - "In the apiary of grandfather."

Zarubina Irina in her poems sang beauty native nature, their small homeland. In the research work "Dedicated to Chelmodeevsky Maidan" in the nomination "Test of the pen" Irina presented poems of her own composition.

The students of our school are active participants in the regional and republican competition - "Let's protect the forest", All-Russian competition- "CHIP", school and district Olympiads in biology and ecology.

Project result: Students have not yet solved big problems in the field of nature conservation, but we were able to: plant trees, take care of the forest, make feeders and feed birds in winter, make artificial bird nests - birdhouses, protect an anthill, a clearing, medicinal herbs . We did all this from the bottom of our hearts in the name of preserving our Motherland. School students have an idea about environmental work, about ways to protect the environment, learn to take care of natural environment, keep clean on the streets of our villages and cities, and in natural conditions.

The work of our school forestry "Beryozka" was awarded a diploma of the Ministry of Forestry, Hunting and Nature Management of the Republic of Mordovia, in the republican competition of school forestries, which was held on March 25 in the city of Saransk and a gift - an electronic book.

Conclusion: My project brought to your attention specific cases in the field of nature protection. Each step to preserve nature is our indicator of love for the Motherland. And such steps are within the power of all people. These can be a variety of actions: to save a meadow flower, to save a forest from a fire, not to destroy bird nests, to pick mushrooms and medicinal herbs correctly, just not to throw garbage anywhere, thus we will preserve and save our nature, and hence the Motherland.

And the hypothesis is confirmed in the course of the project: each person can contribute all possible assistance in the preservation of nature and the Motherland.

My project is the voice that calls on all of you to create a favorable living space around you from childhood, learn to plant trees, flowers, follow the rules of behavior in nature, in a word, understand and love the world around you, and therefore protect the nature of your native land - Motherland.

What needs to be done to protect nature? Our recommendations.

1. Learn and comply with environmental laws. Observe and comply with the rules of behavior in nature.

2. To draw the attention of the villagers to environmental problems.

3. Carry out environmental campaigns, create ecological trails.

4. Carry out activities that instill respect for nature.

5. Create and organize the work of the school forestry.

6. Plant green areas: plant trees, shrubs, flowers.

7. Help wintering birds and meet migratory birds.

8. Take hikes and excursions into wildlife.

9. Protect the forest and follow the rules of behavior in the forest.

10. To spend holidays of an ecological orientation.

11. All that surrounds us, learn to love, cherish and protect.

Conclusion:

In the future, we will continue the work of the school forestry, thereby making a feasible contribution to the cause of nature protection.

So let's protect and love our nature, increasing its natural wealth, everywhere, at every step, all together and each separately. Another, to us, is not given.

Perhaps our God was an artist,

There are so many beauties on the planet.

He created millions of miracles for us

And we are responsible for all this!

Literature:

1. Visiting nature. E.I. Lemanskaya. Mytishche. JSC Print Express.
2. Book for reading on nature conservation. Zakhlebny M. Enlightenment, 1986
3. Organization of research activities in the classroom. M: School press. 2003
4. Internet resources.

If you saw a ravine during the tour, tell us about it. Are there many ravines in your area? Are there beams in your area? Tell me about the one you saw on the tour.

Answer. There are a lot of ravines in our region. A ravine is a relief form in the form of relatively deep and steeply sloping hollows formed by temporary streams. Ravines occur on elevated plains or hills composed of loose, easily eroded rocks, as well as on the slopes of gullies. The length of the ravines varies from several meters to several kilometers. There are young (intensively developing) and mature ravines. The ravines are most within the forest-steppe and steppe zones. The ravines cause great harm agriculture, dismembering and destroying fields. To combat ravines, dams, retaining walls, etc. are used, and vegetation is planted, which delays soil erosion. Also in our region there are many beams. Balka is a valley with gentle overgrown slopes. During snowmelt and heavy rains, a temporary watercourse can move along the bottom of the beam. Especially many in the steppe zone.

Think about where it is easier to build cities, villages, lay roads, cultivate the land - on the plain or in the mountains. How do people use the surface in your area?

Answer. There is little land suitable for agriculture in the mountains, which means mining, hunting and cattle breeding will prevail in the mountains. In the open spaces of the plains, in the presence of good soils and sufficient moisture - agriculture, in an arid climate - cattle breeding.

The resettlement of people, their way of life is greatly influenced by the terrain, the richness of the subsoil with minerals. Most of humanity lives on the plains, where it is easier to build cities, lay roads, and farm. In the mountains there is a danger of earthquakes and other natural phenomena that are not found on the plains.

However, in the mountains natural conditions more diverse and richer resource base than on the plains.

In our region, most of the population lives on the plain, where cities, industrial enterprises, and mines are being built. In the villages, people are engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. In the mountains they are small industrial cities associated with the extraction and processing of minerals. They do not have agriculture. But tourism is well developed.

What cases of irresponsible attitude of people to the surface of their region do you know? Is it possible to compensate for the damage done to nature in these cases? How to do it?

Answer. There is a problem with abandoned mines in our region. For example, in the city of Kopeysk Chelyabinsk region in the center of the city is the most dangerous mine in the Chelyabinsk region. Every hour, 250 cubic meters of water arrives in it, which at any moment can come to the surface of the earth. When water fills the abandoned mine to the brim, part of the machine-building plant and hundreds of residential buildings will slide into the quarry. The problem is very serious, as there are many such mines around the city. The problem can be solved by recultivating the mines, although this costs a lot of money.

check yourself

1. Tell us about the surface of your region.

Answer. The relief of the Southern Urals is different great variety. It has been formed over millions of years. Within the Chelyabinsk region there are various forms relief - from lowlands and hilly plains to ridges, the peaks of which exceed 1000 m.

A mountain section of the conditional border "Europe-Asia" passes through the territory of the region: along the Ural-tau and the Ural ridge. The longest ridge in the Chelyabinsk region is Urenga, its length is about 65 km. The ridge is decorated with ten peaks over 1000 m high.

2. How is the surface used in your area?

Answer. In our region, most of the population lives on the plain, where cities, industrial enterprises, and mines are being built. In the villages, people are engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. In the mountains, these are small industrial cities associated with the extraction and processing of minerals. They do not have agriculture. But tourism is well developed.

3. What does it mean to protect the surface?

Answer. This means it is necessary to minimize the harm that mining causes to the environment, it is necessary to more fully withdraw all the useful from the already extracted raw materials. This will provide more necessary substances and reduce waste dumps.

To restore lands disturbed by quarries and waste rock dumps, special work is carried out - reclamation. To do this, the dumps are leveled, soil is poured on top and trees and bushes are planted. Quarries are turned into stakes, on the banks of which recreation areas are created.

To decrease Negative influence agriculture to the surface, it is necessary to carefully cultivate it. The growth of ravines is stopped by planting plants on their slopes.

4. What participation can schoolchildren take in protecting the surface of their region?

Answer. Protecting the surface means fighting against ravines, planting vegetation on their slopes, informing the administration of the settlement about abandoned quarries and dumps discovered. Take part in environmental cleanups.

Homework assignments

1. Write in the dictionary: ravine, beam.

A ravine is a relief form in the form of relatively deep and steeply sloping hollows formed by temporary streams.

Beam - a depression with gentle slopes overgrown with plants.

2. Draw what the surface of your edge looks like. You can fashion a model of some of its sections (hill, ravine, mountain range) from plasticine, clay or raw sand.

3. If there is a ravine in your area, ask adults if it has existed for a long time, how it has changed during this time, what people are doing to stop its growth. Think about how you can help adults.

Answer. We have several ravines. They have been around for a long time. Ravines cause great harm mainly to agriculture, dismembering and destroying fields. To prevent the growth of ravines, obstacles are made that delay the flow of water into the ravine, perennial plants are sown on the slopes, and if necessary, some slopes are covered with earth. In our region, the ravines are constantly monitored. Due to this, the growth of ravines almost does not occur.

Remember what seas, lakes, rivers there are in Russia. What do you know about the water resources of your region?

There are a lot of seas, lakes and rivers in Russia. Seas: Black, White, Baltic, Okhotsk, Laptev, Azov and others. Lakes: Caspian Sea, Baikal, Ladoga, Onega. Rivers: Volga, Yenisei, Lena, Oka, Irtysh, Amur.

Our region has significant reserves of water resources, most of which are lakes and ponds. We also have rivers. And reservoirs.

Most of the names of the lakes come from the Tatar and Bashkir language. In the names of reservoirs, the word “kul” is often found, which means “lake”. Such, for example, are the names of the lakes Abatkul, Bolshoi Kremenkul, Tabankul, Bolshoy Terenkul, Zyuratkul. Largest lakes Territories: Uvildy, Turgoyak, Big Kisegach, Itkul, Irtyash.

Lake Uvildy is the largest lake located at the foot of the Ural Mountains. The water in it is slightly mineralized, very clean and transparent. For the unusual shade of water, the lake is called the blue pearl of the Urals.

Another beautiful lake in the Southern Urals is located near the village of Turgoyak, north of the station of the city of Miass. This large and deep lake Turgoyak, surrounded by mountains and coniferous forests, has an area equal to 25 square kilometers. Lake Big Kisegach is located 8 kilometers northeast of the city of Kasli, and has a tectonic origin. The source of the lake is the river Chartonyshka.

Many lakes are places of recreation, used as a place for fishing.

Nature lesson. 5th grade

Subject. The surface of our region.

Lesson type: Lesson learning new material .

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: To form in students an idea of ​​​​the surface of their native land.

Developing: Develop the ability to work with a geographical map and other sources of information, cognitive activity, observation, the ability to compare, analyze and draw conclusions. Develop critical thinking.

Educational: To educate students in the need for knowledge, to ensure a close connection between learning and life. To cultivate patriotism, responsibility, initiative through the formation of one's own judgments. Contribute to the development of a culture of behavior in the classroom.

Teaching methods: verbal, visual, practical.

Forms of educational activity: frontal, individual, group.

Lesson equipment: textbook, computer, multimedia projector, presentation for the lesson, atlases, physical map of Russia, task cards.

During the classes.

1. CHALLENGE STAGE.
1) Updating knowledge. Mood.
The lesson starts.
So that he goes to the children for the future,
Compasses, pencil and map -
Everything should be on the desk.
Plus a little effort.
And great attention.
Guys, any athlete, having come to training, does not grab the barbell without a warm-up. So now we will do a little warm-up, we will solve a crossword puzzle, and the result of the warm-up will be a word that directly relates to the topic of the lesson. When solving a crossword puzzle, you can use atlases, a physical map.
Ready? Then go ahead!

1. What is the name of the state located in two parts of the world? (Russia)
2. I, the Siberian river,
Wide and deep.
Change the letter "e" to "y" -
I will become a satellite of the Earth. (Lena - Moon).
3. Great Russian river. (Volga)
4. The highest peak of the Caucasian ridge. (Elbrus)
5. City that "flies". (Eagle).
6. Shape of the Earth. ( Sphere)

Keyword RELIEF

2) Work with the map.
Guys, what do you understand by the word RELIEF? (Irregularities of the earth's surface)
Using a physical map, name the irregularities of the earth's surface. (Mountains, plains, ravines, hills).

3) Compiling a cluster.
Try to distinguish two types of large landforms for yourself.
Exercise . Make a cluster in your notebook, fill in the empty cells. (Students independently complete tasks in a notebook).

Teacher: What color are the mountains on the map, and what color are the plains? (Mountains in brown and plains in green).
Teacher: What colors on the atlas map indicate the territory in which we live?
(Mostly green, but there is also brown).
Teacher: So, what is the surface of our region? - This will be the topic of the lesson.

On the board and in notebooks there is an inscription: "The surface of our region."

Is there enough knowledge on this subject?

1. Stage Comprehension.

Learning new material.

Teacher: So, we have determined that the territory in which we live is mainly marked in green.

Make a conclusion, what kind of territory is it: mountainous or flat? (Plain)

Teacher: But the territory is painted over not only in green, but also in shades of brown. What does it say? (There are mountains and hills in our territory”

Teacher: Guys, let's turn to the physical map of Russia again. What mountains are located in our district? (Ural Mountains, Blue Mountains, Chalk Mountains)

The "Pivot Table" technique is used. Children are offered an image of a mountain and a hill on presentation slides.

Exercise. Consider mountains and hills and compare them with each other. Record the results of the comparison in the table. (Students independently complete the task in a notebook).

Hill	comparison lines	Mountain
	1. Outsole
	2. Slopes
	3. Top
up to 200 m	4. Height	over 200 m.

Teacher: Conclude: What are the similarities and differences between a hill and a mountain? (Resemblance: they rise above the earth's surface, have the same parts: sole, slopes, top. Difference: hill and mountain differ in height, mountains above 200 m, hill up to 200 m.)

Reception "Fishbone" (fish skeleton).

Teacher: In farming, people use the surface of the earth. Should the surface of the earth be protected? Perhaps this question sounds strange. We all know about the protection of rare plants and animals, about the protection of water and air. How important is surface protection?

Continuing the work in the lesson, we will fill in the diagram. (Work in a notebook). Write in the upper triangle (head) the question: What are the consequences of human use of the earth's surface? On the left branches we will write: how a person uses the surface of the earth. And on the right: what does it lead to.

Demonstration of photographs on presentation slides (ravines, beams, quarries, landfills, heaps). Working with the text of the textbook, talking with students. (In the course of working with the textbook and in the process of conversation, the formation of concepts takes place: a ravine, a beam, a waste heap).

During the work, students enter into the diagram:

Left branches:

1. Mining

2. Construction of houses, buildings

3. Plowing plains (slopes)

Right branches:

1. Quarry, waste heap

2. Landfills

3. Destruction of soil, potholes, ravines, beams.

Teacher: How does a person use the surface of our region? What are the consequences of the development of oil and gas fields in the district? (children's answers)

Teacher: What conclusion can be drawn after completing the scheme?

Conclusion (tail) students formulate: Using the surface of the earth, people cause damage to nature.

Teacher: It turns out that the surface must be protected and as carefully as water and air, plants and animals.

What does it mean to protect the surface? (children's answers)

What part can you take in this? (children's answers)

Teacher: I really hope that when you grow up, you will try to do everything to make our native land even more beautiful, and there were no such places that cause pain and resentment in the soul!

"See and know your land

you can either with your own eyes,

or with a book

Teacher: Guys, how do you understand this statement? What will we need for the next stage of the lesson?

(Photos of the native land and locality, books, map, dictionary, etc.)

Students look at photographs that show the most beautiful corners of their native land).

Reflection. Creative work in groups on composing syncwine
Using the Sinkwine technique.
- Let's compose a cinquain about our native land as a keepsake of our lesson.

1 word: theme (noun)

2 words: signs of the topic (im. adj.) (If I don't have time - at home)

3 words: topic actions (verbs)

4 words: sentence on this topic

1 word: synonymous with topic

For example: Edge!

Unique, Saratov

Pleases, develops, grows.

We admire your beauty!

Motherland!

edge
Steppe, native
Pleases, excites, inspires
My small motherland
Steppe

6. Summary of the lesson

Did you like to travel around your native land and study it?

What was especially memorable, interesting?

Of course, in the lessons of the world around you, so far you have received only the most basic information about your native land, but in our area there are still a lot of secrets and mysteries that you have not discovered. You can find answers to all your questions in additional local history literature.

Homework will be writing an ESSAY on the topic: "Tomorrow of my land."

I would like to end the lesson with the words of the writer Yu.K. Efremov:

And with pride I will say to my native land:

“I love and know. I know and love.

And the more I love, the deeper I know.

Keep exploring your land, your small homeland. Love her, protect her and remember that it depends on you what our Saratov region will be like in the future.

Lesson over, thanks.

http://nsportal.ru/sites/default/files/poverhnost_nashego_kraya.doc