A) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.

a) breaks the main clause with a subordinate clause and see if the subjects and predicates in each pair agree (this is

constructions like Those who ... Many of those who .... All who);

b) abbreviations, we define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;

c) geographical names, we determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), look,

whether the subject agrees with the predicate in gender.

d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), we look at whether these words are consistent with the predicate by gender.

Of all of the above in the sentences, we find only the construction of all who ... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully:

"All , who listened professor's speech, once again was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech. "Color

the bases of 2 sentences are highlighted. At the heart of the main sentence, the subject and the predicate "everyone was" are not agreed in number.

A - 2. After the decision, do not forget to cross out the options in KIMakheti so that they no longer interfere with you.

B) misuse case form of a noun with a preposition.

We are looking for derivative prepositions. Particularly common are thanks to, in spite of, in spite of . These prepositions require a dative

case. See if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: "Contrary to the recommendations of doctors

the athlete did not reduce the load during training." We look at the case in which the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations.

Genitive case, and d.b. dative.

B - 5

IN) wrong construction adverbial sentences

First of all, find sentences in which there is a participle. Their m.b. some. Recall the adjectival questions:

doing what? having done what?

We have 2 sentences with adverbial phrases:

3)Low on the horizon created incorrect performance about the size of the moon.

4)Caught in the house of strangers , wait when you are introduced.

Emphasizing the basics: "creating a view" and "wait". We make sure that the proposals are not impersonal. If

you will see the impersonal, there is definitely a mistake. Use participial phrases in impersonal offers are not allowed. Now we look

so that the action described in participle turnover, did the one who is named in the subject. View cannot be

low above the horizon. Waiting for you, you may find yourself in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.

IN - 3.

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words "said", "asked", thought, wrote", etc. We don't have quotes. But the word "asked" is.

7) I am surprised asked what where is the fortress?

The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid of

direct and indirect speech.

G - 7.

E) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

First of all, we take sentences in which there are generally homogeneous members. And pay attention to the presence of

sentences of double alliances (not only ..., but also ..., both ..., and ...., not so much ... as ... etc.)

Proposals 2, 5, 3, 7 have already dropped out. At 4, 6 no homogeneous members. Let's take a closer look at the remaining proposals:

1) Reserves are created How For maintenance, so for recovery the number of rare species of animals caught under

57 interactive exercises

skill automation

400 rubles

CE

Tse cop, tse bud, tse ly, tse rber, tse dra, tse on, about tse stupid, tse lulose, tse lofan, tse child, tse wisdom, tse ntner, tse foam, tse remonia.

CI

qi stubble, qi panties, qi fra, qi ferblat, qi rk, pan qi p, qi novka, qi nga, qi anit, qi clone, qi lindr, qi mbala, qi tadel, qi tata, qi rroz, qi rkul, kvar qi T.

TSY

Tsy c, tsy gan, on tsy kidneys tsy films, tsy pa, tsy kat.

(1)B Ancient Greece Agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<…>city ​​dwellers often had a household outside the city and used what it gave. (3) At the same time, the relief of Greece was not conducive to agriculture: about three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) About three quarters territories Ancient Greece occupied mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
2) Agriculture, despite the fact that relief did not contribute to the development agriculture, was the main Ancient Greece.
3) B Ancient Greece city ​​dwellers often used fruits of agricultural activity.
4) Main source of human existence V Ancient Greece was Agriculture, although relief was unfavorable for agriculture.
5) Main source of livelihood for city dwellers Ancient Greece was Agriculture.

In doing this, first of all try, without reading the text, to find two identical statements. If you find it difficult to catch the idea of ​​the text right away, highlight the key words, as we did. Look at the highlighted words. Obviously, the keywords completely matched in 2 and 4 sentences. In 1 there are no fruits of agriculture, in 3 and 5 there is no relief.
Now check your version by reading the text and make sure we're right.

Answer: 24

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
And although
If
Even
Just
If only

This assignment needs no explanation. Either you are a native speaker of Russian, or you are not. It is obvious that only the word even.

Answer: even.

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word SOURCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOURCE, -a; m.
1) What gives the beginning of something ., where something comes from. I. light. I. all evil.
2) written monument, the document on which the Scientific research. Sources for the history of the region. Use all available sources.
3) The one who gives any intelligence about smth. He is reliable and Information from the right source.
4) water jet coming to the surface from underground. Healing and. Hot and. I. mineral water.

So, we have a sentence "In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source human existence." and dictionary entry interpreting the word SOURCE. This task is about multi-valued words. You need to determine in what exact meaning the word is realized in this text. Highlight a keyword in each paragraph (scientifically, a categorical seme). No brainer that the source of existence can not be a written monument or someone who gives information. Options 2 and 3 are out. A water jet, in principle, can be a source of existence. But the text does not talk about water. But agriculture gives rise to the normal life of the ancient Greeks.

Answer: 1.

4

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

Busy
bottom
gave
calling
blinds

This easy question. Everyone knows that it is correct to "call them". In general, if question 4 causes difficulty for you, get our orthoepic simulator, and you will be happy. In an hour you will memorize all the correct stresses.

Answer: call.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing
to the highlighted word paronym. Write down the chosen word.

Soon SUBSCRIBERS of cellular communication will be able to pay for the metro from their phone.
HUMANISM as a concept and way of human being, having arisen in the Renaissance, passes through the entire history of mankind.
My classmate WEARED a Santa Claus costume and congratulated the residents of the town.
Even in the era of PRACTICAL people, there are those who fight against injustice.
FRIENDLY relations can be between people who are close in spirit.

To answer the fifth question of the test, you need to familiarize yourself with the paronymic minimum of 2016, posted on the FIPI website. Recall that paronyms are similar, but still different words. Their values ​​can be almost the same, or they can be very different. In order to catch the difference, you need to know well the meanings of all words from the paronymic minimum.
The word "dressed" is used incorrectly here. Although we often say so, it is still correct to put it on. Dress a person, put on clothes and shoes. It is easy to remember: "put on clothes, put on Nadezhda".

Answer: put on.

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

At their sister
drink from SAUCERS
no BOOT
even RICHER
about five hundred people

This task is about the form of words. There are a lot of rules governing the choice of the form of a word. They are studied in the courses of the stylistics of the Russian language and the culture of speech. In school textbooks, these rules pop up sporadically, so the full responsibility for preparing for this task lies with the school teacher and, of course, with you. If you understand that you do not know such material, immediately start studying. We have a recording of a webinar on this topic on our website. Buy a subscription to access webinars and recordings and watch the lecture, because we will not be able to quickly explain why there is such an answer.

Answer: saucer.

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first
column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Grammatical errors B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition D) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

Offers 1) Reserves are created How for supporting, so to restore the number of rare species of animals that are under the threat of extinction. 2) Everyone who listened to the speech of the professor, once again was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech. 3), creates an incorrect idea of ​​the size of the moon. 4), wait until you are introduced. 6) The article by A. Baushev attracted the attention of the Kursk governor, who wished to meet the young author. 7) I am surprised asked that where is the fortress. Not only nobility and honesty, A servility and servility. 9) All the work of the writer E. Nosov is a big wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul.

This is real difficult task. And, please note, the material is not included in school textbooks. Classification grammatical errors- University material. So, if you want to learn this topic seriously, take a guide to practical style for philologists and journalism faculty. Fortunately, not all types of errors were chosen at FIPI. So at least as a first approximation, you can study this topic before the exam. Again, you can watch recordings of our webinars in the Webinars section.

A) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
Are looking for:
a) breaks the main clause with a subordinate clause and see if the subjects and predicates in each pair agree (these are constructions like Those who ... Many of those who .... All who);
b) abbreviations, we define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
c) geographical names, we determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), see if this subject agrees with the predicate by gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), we look at whether these words are consistent with the predicate by gender. A list of such words in the same style guides or in our course Preparing for the Unified State Examination 2016.

Of all of the above in the sentences, we find only the construction of all who ... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully: All , who listened professor's speech, once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech. "The bases of 2 sentences are highlighted in color. At the heart of the main sentence, the subject and the predicate "everything was" are not consistent in number.

A - 2. After the decision, do not forget to cross out these options in the KIMs so that they no longer bother you.

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Particularly common are thanks to, in spite of, in spite of. These prepositions require the dative case. See if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: "Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training." We look, in what case the word "recommendations". What? Recommendations. Genitive case, and d.b. dative.

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover

First of all, find sentences in which there is a participle. Their m.b. some. Recall the questions of the participle: what are you doing? having done what?

We have 2 sentences with adverbial phrases:
3) Low on the horizon, creates an incorrect idea of ​​the size of the moon.
4) Caught in the house of strangers wait until you are introduced.

Emphasizing the basics: "creating a view" and "wait". We make sure that the proposals are not impersonal. If you see the impersonal, there is definitely a mistake. Participle phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now we are looking for the action described in the adverbial turnover to be done by the one named in the subject. The performance cannot be low on the horizon. Waiting for you, you may find yourself in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words "said", "asked", thought, wrote", etc. We don't have quotes. But the word "asked" is.

7) I am surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid of direct and indirect speech.

E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences in which there are generally homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence of double unions in the sentences (not only ..., but also ..., both ..., and ...., not so much ... as ... etc.)
Proposals 2, 5, 3, 7 have already dropped out. In 4, 6 there are no homogeneous members. Let's take a closer look at the remaining proposals:

1) Reserves are created How for supporting , so to restore the number of rare species of animals that are under the threat of extinction.
8) In the Famus society, they are valued Not only nobility and honesty, Aservility and servility.
9) All the work of the writer E. Nosov is a big wise book that helps people to be kinder, generous soul.
We look at the meaning of homogeneous members and make sure that they do not correlate as part and whole, genus and species, did not turn out to be verbs different types or with different controls. Let's look at unions. So. There are no unions "not only ..., but ..." or "not only ..., but ...". Here is our mistake.

Answer: 25378

8.

Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Try.. fight
g..to be proud
bicycle..ped
national..onal
addr..poke

To answer this question, you need to remember. Here the root is ber-bir. Bir is written, because. has a suffix A.

Answer: get through.

Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

O .. gave, po .. crossed out - the prefixes from and under do not change
pr..fastened, pr..grad - learn the meanings of the prefixes PRE and PRI. Attached - the value is "attachment", barrier - a value close to PER
and .. tormented, ra .. burned - Tormented - deaf C in front of a deaf T, fired up - voiced Z before a bell F
pos..yesterday, r..zobral - pose, times - unchangeable prefixes
for..gral, pod..skat - played - the prefix ends in a vowel, in the root I, find - the Russian prefix ends in a consonant.

Answer: dismantled the day before yesterday

Doctor..vat
get upset
double up
unpretentious..vy
smiling..y

This and 11 tasks are best done by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct variant. But, of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with AND and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.

Answer: heal.

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

Dry..sh
vystel..sh
jump out..sh
independent..my
feed..sh

Here it was necessary to remember that the verbs "shave" and "lay" refer to 1 conjugation.

Answer: get out

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

M. Gorky received every day (NOT) LESS than five or six letters.
The air, still (NOT) BECOME sultry, pleasantly refreshes.
(NOT) SULI a crane in the sky, give a titmouse in your hands.
(NOT) CORRECT, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is a (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, but a thirst for power.

When completing this task, in order not to get confused, first number the sentences or put brackets:

1. M. Gorky received every day (NOT) LESS five or six letters.
2. Air, yet (NOT) BECOMING sultry pleasantly refreshing.
3. (NOT) SULI pie in the sky, give a titmouse in your hands.
4. (NOT) CORRECT, But pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
5. Ambition is (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, A lust for power.

Now we are discussing. Read all the underlined words and identify. whether all of them are used without NOT. Everything is here, but often the correct answer can be found even at this stage.
See if we have pronouns (other than negative ones). There are no such. Recall that pronouns are NOT written separately. For negatives, there is a rule.
Are there any words with hyphens (they are NOT always separated). There are no such.
Now let's see if there are unions A and BUT. Eat! in 4 and 5 sentences. We know that with the union A NOT is written separately, and with BUT - together. We have the correct answer, but we still need to check all the other options.
1. The value of the degree - separately.
2. Communion with a dependent word - separately.
3. Not with a verb - separately

Answer: wrong.

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

1. (B) CONTINUED She was mostly silent during the conversation, and it was difficult for me to understand WHAT (WHAT) she came for.
2. (BY) THE way this person holds himself, it is clear that he (IN) EVERYTHING is used to being the first.
3. Lake Beloye (FROM) THIS and it is charming that (IN) AROUND it is dense diverse vegetation.
4. It's hard to even imagine TO) happened to me IF (WOULD) the ship was late.
5. (FOR) BECAUSE L.N. Tolstoy, his relatives could guess (ON) HOW hard his brain is working now.

Again, we number or delimit the sentences and begin to reason.

First, find words that are exactly hyphenated (it's easier). But there are none here.
Look for the words "During(s)" and "during the continuation(s)". They are often given, and they are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such. Sentence 1 can be deleted.
See if there are words WHAT (WOULD), THAT (SAME) and SO (SAME). With them, too, everything is simple. See if you can remove the particle. There is such a thing in sentence 4. You can remove or rearrange the particle: what would not happen to me. Delete the 4th.
Now we have to think about the meaning. There is the way this person carries himself (that manner, that way). There is something about how tensely silent Tolstoy is. And here there is no reason. 2 and 5 are out. It remains 3. One can argue about (FROM) THAT, but we know everything else for sure. This task is solved by elimination method.

Answer: because around

Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written N.

In some paintings by Rembrandt there is a mean (1) festivity: even the shadowy (2) silhouettes of people are filled (3) with the warmth and breath of chiaroscuro.

1 - H + H (the root goes back to the old - tench - a stick for torture).
2. participle with a prefix - HH
3. short communion- H

Answer: 3

Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Generalizing words can stand either before homogeneous members or after them.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory, and he painted the laughing priest from memory.
3) You will run out of the gate and see the dazzling and primordial whiteness of the snow.
4) I anxiously examined both the house and the pictures in it and its inhabitants.
5) Your inner world tuned finely and correctly and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life.

Let's place the signs:

1) Generalizing words can stand either before homogeneous members or after them. - homogeneous members with a repeating union.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory, and he painted the laughing priest from memory. - share 2 simple sentences, SSP
3) You will run out of the gate and see the dazzling and primordial whiteness of the snow. - there are no signs, And in different rows of homogeneous.
4) I anxiously examined the house, and the pictures in it, and its inhabitants. - again repeating unions, but now 3 homogeneous members and 2 commas.
5) Your inner world is tuned finely and correctly and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life. - again And in different rows of homogeneous. The compiler of the test has no imagination.

Answer: 12

16

All events (1) considered (2) and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev(3) clothed them in artistic images (4) rising to the heights of philosophical generalization.

We have 2 here involved turnover after the defined words. Comma 2 is not placed between homogeneous with a single union I. Lightweight.

Answer: 134

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.

Pursuing literary creativity, IN AND. Dal (1) Certainly(2) considered the creation of the Dictionary of the Living
Great Russian language. First word for this book (3) according to contemporaries(4) he wrote at the age of eighteen.

The introductory word and the introductory expression are separated by commas on both sides. To learn introductory words, learn them. .

Answer: 1234

Put punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stopped at Demuth's (1) hotel (2) which (3) at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg.

In this task, the subordinate clause is always introduced by the pronoun "which", which is not in the first place in the subordinate clause. This is an easy task. As a rule, there are no commas before and after the word "which". But it is better to analyze and draw a diagram if in doubt.

Answer: 1

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

[ Sergeev came ashore ] (1) but ((2) when at the pier on a huge pile of oranges I saw an unfamiliar Chinese ) (3) [ then suddenly, piercingly and clearly felt ] (4) ( how far is his homeland from him ) .

This is a difficult task. Be sure to parse and draw a diagram, or at least place brackets around the sentence to deal with each union.
We should be alerted by the construction BUT WHEN, because often the junction of conjunctions connecting sentences looks like this.
Before BUT always zapyataya.
Whether to put a comma between BUT and WHEN is debatable. If we assume that BUT connects sentences 1 and 3 (as we did), then you need to try to take out the subordinate clause and read the sentence without it: Sergeev went ashore, but then he suddenly felt piercingly and clearly ... In general, it sounds crooked. Since the subordinate clause is not removed painlessly, we do not put a comma between BUT and WHEN.
However, there is another way of reasoning. What if BUT connects not sentences, but homogeneous predicates: Sergeev came out, but felt "? Then a comma is needed. If BUT does not participate in the connection of sentences, the rule about the junction of unions should not be applied.
We still settled on the first option, part of the union TO prevents the proposal from being integral. If someone offers their arguments in favor of the 2nd comma, we will listen with great attention. Write in the comments.
Commas 3 and 4 are needed anyway. They share the proposals, and there is no reason not to put them.

Answer: 134

20

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

2) The narrator does not agree with the opinion of Lazar Borisovich that only knowledge of life will help to become a real writer.

5) A real writer must be a real worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.

Many were alerted by paragraph 4, because. the text did not explicitly state that the narrator wanted to go to university to become a writer. But the text shows that the pharmacist has known the boy for a long time and, most likely, knows about the boy's intentions to go to university. See Proposition 10. The point is slippery, but we still choose 4.

Answer: 345

21.

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentences 4-6 contain a description of a person's appearance.
2) Sentences 7-9 contain a description.
3) Sentences 30-32 contain reasoning.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning.

(4) He wore a student coat. (5)On his wide nose barely holding on pince-nez on a black ribbon. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very caustic man. - it is obvious that there is a description of a person.

(7) Somehow I went to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy for powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She has migraine started. (9)Rubbing powders for aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked with me. - the actions of the characters are listed, there is no description.

(30)He must there is so much to know that it is even scary to think. (31) He must understand everything! (32) He must work like an ox, and do not chase glory! - we are talking about duty, and not about real actions, there is no description: this is reasoning.

(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I know almost nothing and have not yet thought about many important things. - the boy agrees with the pharmacist, there is no opposition.

(55) I knew that never and no one I will not believe, Who would to me neither said, what is this life- with her love, the desire for truth and happiness, with her lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night - devoid of meaning and reason. (56)Every from U.S must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of his days. - we are not talking about real actions, but about hypothetical and obligatory ones, reasoning about the meaning of life confirms the hypothesis: here is reasoning.

Answer: 135

22.

From sentences 1-6 write out the phraseological unit.

(1) Sometimes a rural pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist's name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first sight he was a rather strange apothecary. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, pince-nez on a black ribbon barely held. (6) The pharmacist was short, stocky and very sarcastic.

We are looking for stable expressions. There is one thing here, you can't confuse it.

Answer: at a glance.

Among sentences 1–6, find one that is related to the previous one with possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Sometimes a rural pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) called this pharmacist Lazar Borisovich. (3)At a glance This was a rather strange apothecary. (4) He wore a student coat. (5)On his His wide nose barely held on to his pince-nez on a black ribbon. (6) The pharmacist was short, stocky and very sarcastic.

We circle all the pronouns and everything that looks like them. See which word answers whose questions? whose? whose? Such a word in the 5th sentence. There are no options here. But HIS word is not always possessive pronoun. Please note: there may be an OH sentence in genitive case. For example: only his and saw! Whose question? won't fit anymore.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Paste
on the gaps (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write in the table under each letter
the corresponding number. Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with those given in the form.
samples.

“The author's speech is emotional, figurative, convincing. So, the trails: (A) _________ (“strange pharmacist”, “stingy person”) and
(B) _________ (sentence 39), reception - (C) _________ (sentence 12) - not only create an external image of a pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person's place in life. To understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich to a young interlocutor, such a syntactic means of expressiveness as (D) _________ (for example, sentences 48, 49) helps.

List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members
2) interrogative sentences
3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litote
6) metaphor
7) exclamatory sentences
8) opposition
9) epithet

To complete this task, first look for clues. In the text with gaps, there may be terms: tropes, syntactic means, lexical means, device. These are the hints. If you decide on a match, you will have to choose not from 9, but from 2-4 terms.

Hints given:
“The author's speech is emotional, figurative, convincing. So, trails:(A) _________ (“strange pharmacist”, “snarky person”) and
(B)_________ (proposition 39), reception- (B) _________ (sentence 12) - not only create an external image of a pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. To understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich to a young interlocutor, this helps syntactical device expressiveness, like (D) _________ (for example, sentences 48, 49).

Let's define terms:

1) a number of homogeneous members - a syntactic means
2) interrogative sentences - a syntactic means
3) irony - trope
4) introductory words - syntactic means
5) litho - tropes
6) metaphor - trope
7) exclamatory sentences - a syntactic means
8) opposition - reception
9) epithet - trope

Download term correspondence table

It is immediately clear that only opposition can be a technique. You don't even have to look at the text. AT 8.
Now choose:
“a strange pharmacist”, “a sarcastic person” - either irony, or litote, or a metaphor, or an epithet. The litote disappears immediately, there is no understatement here, the litote in general is extremely rare in texts. Metaphor and irony are associated with transfer by meaning; there are no transfers here. The epithet remains. A - 9.

(39) So that life saturates you!. What remains is metaphor, irony and litotes. The litote again immediately disappears. There is no irony here, but there is a metaphor. B - 6.

(48) I'm glad! (49) You see!
In these 2 short sentences, we are looking for rows of homogeneous members, introductory sentences, interrogative words and exclamatory sentences. In order to recognize exclamation marks, you do not need to finish school at all. Of course, G - 7.

Answer: 9687

25.

Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

1) Lazar Borisovich was a rural pharmacist, although all his life he dreamed of doing literary work and even published some of his works.
2) The narrator does not agree with the opinion of Lazar Borisovich that only knowledge of life will help to become a real writer.
3) A village pharmacist came to the house of the narrator's relatives.
4) The narrator graduated from the gymnasium and was going to enter the university in order to become a writer in the future.
5) A real writer must be a real worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations..

There are only 2 theses, but they are about the same thing.

Of course, this text is also about the importance of choice life path, and the complexity of this choice.
And at the end there is about the meaning of life, but this will already be very far-fetched.

Nevertheless, we would dwell on the theses from task 20. The author's position for K3 is clearly expressed there.
What arguments to give. We need examples of real writers who have studied life. The novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" and the biography of its author are ideal. You can take M. Gorky "Childhood", "In People". As a negative example, Ryukhin from "The Master and Margarita" (a little stretched, but it will do). The second example would be the biography of any writer who, in your opinion, studied life and then wrote about it. For example, Vladislav Krapivin created the Caravel detachment, built yachts with his children, taught the members of the detachment how to fence, and went on hikes. Of course, it was easy for him to write for children. "The Boy with the Sword" is a novel about detachment life. A.S. Makarenko writes the novel "Pedagogical Poem" about the re-education of juvenile delinquents in a children's labor colony, the creator and leader of which in the 1920s was the author himself. The well-known story of the same Paustovsky "Telegram" is written according to real history, which Konstantin Georgievich learned about while traveling around the country. Remember the writers who went through the war and wrote about the war. Examples - mass.

Professional categories for teachers were introduced in the first half of the 1990s: 16 ranks, the 14th corresponded to the highest category ... This system is still being modified and improved, but almost always the certification procedure itself causes at least anxiety among teachers, and for someone real fear and panic. How to make sure that certification objectively confirms the pedagogical and personal maturity of the teacher, and does not serve as a punishing sword? Honored Teacher of Russia, Candidate of Psychological Sciences Alexander Snegurov shared his thoughts.

Returning labor education to schools is a requirement of life itself. But now in curriculum technology instead of labor lessons. The topics are close, in fact - boring theoretical subject. And children need hands-on experience of real work with real tools. The country also needs this, because in three or four years the market will experience an acute shortage of young and ready-to-work personnel. What needs to be changed for this? The answer is in the article by Vladimir Semenikhin.

Being athletic is just as prestigious and fashionable as being well-read and witty. At least this is the case in English schools. And in Japan, more than 40% of high school students go in for sports for at least nine hours a week ... At the same time, in Russian schools, it’s not shameful to “skip physical education” if there would be a convincing excuse or reference. Sergey Rykov reflected on why foreign teachers manage to motivate schoolchildren much more effectively to strain not only the convolutions, but also the muscles.

The national examination in the discipline "history" is not among the mandatory ones - this subject is taken at the choice of the graduate. According to official statistics from previous years, history is chosen by about a fifth of schoolchildren. First of all, these are students who have chosen for themselves future profession in the field of jurisprudence, linguistics, design and architecture.

This subject cannot be classified as easy - exam questions require excellent memory and the study of a large array of information. Past research suggests that GPA in this discipline ranges from 45 to 55. The number of students who could not cope with the tasks submitted for the national examination is quite large and amounts to approximately 10% of the total number.

The exam in history is considered difficult - 10% of students cannot pass it!

Demo version of the exam 2016

USE dates in history

early period

• March 23, 2016 (Wed) - Main exam
• April 22, 2016 (Fri) - Reserve

main stage

• June 16, 2016 (Thu) - Main exam
• June 24, 2016 (Fri) - Reserve

History Exam Changes

In 2016, tasks in which students were supposed to choose one answer out of four offered were completely excluded from the history exam. A number of tasks were added to the first part of the exam ticket for knowledge of dates, processes, historical figures and facts from the history of culture, as well as for working with textual historical sources. In the second part, a task was added to write a short historical essay. Exam time has been increased compared to 2015.

General information

The time allotted for the history exam in 2016 is 235 minutes. During this time, students will have to solve 25 tasks, of which 19 - with a short answer, and 6 - with a detailed one.

• Part 1 (tasks 1-19)- serve to test basic and advanced knowledge of the subject. The solution of each of them should take 3-7 minutes;
• Part 2 (tasks 20-24)- characterized by more high level complexity and require the student to formulate the correct answer, which must be entered on a special sheet. 5-20 minutes are allocated for each of these tasks;
• Part 2 (task 25)- a historical essay (VIII - the beginning of the XXI century; the examinee can independently choose three periods in the history of Russia, which will appear in the essay). You can spend 40-80 minutes on this task.

To get a good grade for an essay, you will need:

1. Indicate the main events of these periods;
2. Mention row historical figures and explain their role in the above events;
3. Observe causal relationships;
4. Assess how this period influenced the history of Russia;
5. Correct use of historical terminology;
6. Avoid factual errors;
7. Keep the form of presentation acceptable to readers.

For a successful USE exam in history, get ready to write an essay!

Each of the items will be evaluated separately, and in total the essay can bring 11 primary points. By the way, the minimum test score, which is required to score in this subject, is 32 (which is equal to 13 primary scores out of 53 maximum). The time allotted for students to pass the test is 235 minutes.

How to prepare?

A large number of tasks requires a competent distribution of time for their solution. This is one of the main difficulties of this discipline. It is difficult for students to set themselves up for passing the test in stressful conditions, and the number of questions can cause panic even in a well-prepared student. To solve this problem and successfully prepare for the delivery of this subject, you should work out a demo version of the test.

The materials that you can download on our website are fully consistent with the real exam in terms of their complexity, edition and structure. Competent and systematic preparation for the exam in history will give you the opportunity not to waste precious exam time studying the instructions for the ticket and will immediately set you up for the correct interpretation of the questions.

Good day, dear applicants. Many of you are interested in what happened behind the scenes of the early Unified State Examination 2016. This was preceded by dozens of messages in my personal VKontakte and I will lift the veil of secrecy for you, tell you about my impressions of checking the second part and we will analyze with you the real version of the second part and tell you about how it looks early USE history of this year

Early stage impressions

Let's start with my impressions of the first part, which, I confess, I saw briefly. But with a quick run through the option, I can say the following: the early exam was not difficult. I'll base it on real tasks. As you know, this year the structure of the entire work has been radically redesigned - the test part has been removed and the tasks of the current first one have been reworked. According to a quick analysis of the option, the first five tasks and No. 7-9, 11 were given without any difficulties to those who worked out the dates and worked with official documents, including the list of dates from FIPI. Surprises, as I believe, for a prepared person, would not be found here

Then you are met by the following type of tasks: work with a map and illustrative material. From the maps, I can remember the map of the settlement of tribal unions Eastern Slavs, was a map by era feudal fragmentation, met Battle of Kursk, the socio-economic development of Russia in the 19th century ... Something, of course, could cause difficulties, but there were no surprises from the compilers, like the names of merchants / names of plants and factories, as last year

"Pictures" pleased most of the applicants. The only difficulty was caused by a friend whose famous children's song is attached below. Whoever found out, write in the comments 🙂 It was necessary to choose 2 positions for him and the composer with whom he / she collaborated (-a-). I'm waiting for your suggestions. Otherwise: Vysotsky, Tsoi, the main architectural monuments of the 18th century, posters from the 20-30s of the 20th century

Well, now let's move on to the analysis of the tasks of the second part:

Tasks No. 20-22: early exam in the history of 2016

No. 20. What period in the history of the USSR is discussed in the article? Name, using knowledge from the history course, the two main opposition I.V. Stalin directions among the party elite of the described time. What were the features of their views?

No. 21. What is the purpose of the repressions organized by I.V. Stalin against authoritative party and statesmen. Give at least two facts and phenomena related to this process in the army.

No. 22. Indicate at least five reasons that, according to S.A. Kislitsyn, led to the destruction of the inner-party opposition to Stalin

Test solving

So how can you complete this task? Naturally, reading the text 🙂 Kirov's murder, for knowledgeable boys and girls, already says that this is the 1930s. Groups are secretly highlighted in the text: S. Syrtsova and T. Ryutin (supporters of liberalization Soviet Union and moderate transformations). Well, let's touch on the "party boyars", tell us who it is and get 2 points for the twentieth task

Purpose: establishment of a centralized system of state power and control of the masses

Facts and phenomena:
1) Many representatives of the Red Army were repressed (example: Tukhachevsky, Blucher)
2) In years Soviet-Finnish war dealt a serious blow to the country's defense

1. Fetishization of the CPSU (b)
2. Infantilism
3. Separation from the people
4. Ambition of party members
5. Suspension from human values

We will continue to work on the option in the following articles, very, very soon, if this article receives a response. Like, share articles in social networks, so you help the project and then we will analyze the early exam in the history of 2016 as soon as possible. See you soon, Ivan Nekrasov was with you. Bye everyone!

Do you want to understand all the topics of the history course? Sign up to study at the school of Ivan Nekrasov with a legal guarantee of passing the exam for 80+ points!