It is generally accepted that each new generation of children is smarter than their parents. Indeed, modern kids start walking and talking earlier, from a year, or even earlier, they visit developmental studios, where they actively train their memory, learn to communicate, read, draw, and count. Young parents have to match their children, mastering more and more new methods of teaching reading and other principles. early development.

Preparatory stage

A few decades ago, it was considered quite normal if a child came to the first grade of school without being able to write, read and count. But this time has passed, and now, in order to keep up with peers, you need to seriously prepare for the beginning of schooling. According to some teachers, it is necessary to start learning to read from 5-6 months. Others offer ways to teach reading to children as young as 5 years old. Listening to them or not is a personal matter for parents, but there are a few tips that will greatly simplify learning and make it an enjoyable pastime for mom and baby.

How to prepare your child for reading:

1. Develop speech skills. From the first days of a baby's life, it is necessary to talk with him. Within a few months after birth, the child will please the parents with the long-awaited “Agu!”. This will be the first step towards communication. Then the baby will begin to try to repeat sounds similar to the conversation of adults, then these sounds will form into simple syllables, words, and by 2-2.5 years into small sentences. Reading will be a great help in this process. Of course, not yet independent, but reading children's books by adults.
2. Develop a strong interest in reading in your child. Among all the toys and aids for early development, parents need to give a special place to books. Bright, colorful, with interesting drawings, baby books will arouse genuine interest in the child. The more often he reads, with expression, clearly, emotionally, the faster the baby will learn to figuratively, associatively think, which will facilitate further learning.
3. Set a positive example. Reading fairy tales to the baby, introducing nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes and jokes is, of course, good. But not enough. Only a child who sees books and magazines in the hands of his parents every day can develop a true love of reading. Indeed, in this case, the baby will perceive it as a common hobby for the whole family, bringing joy and comfort.

How do you know if your child is ready to learn to read?

• the little one speaks well, his speech is understandable, coherent;
• the baby is big lexicon, he has developed figurative and logical thinking;
• the child can speak in sentences;
• have the ability to retell what he heard from adults;
• the child is oriented in space and time, distinguishes cardinal points;
• there are no defects in diction (an individual approach is important, consultation with a speech therapist is necessary).

If you have thoroughly prepared for reading and by all indications the baby is already ready for new knowledge and skills, it is important to decide on the method of teaching a preschooler to read at home.

Traditional phonetic technique

To date, this technique is the most common, it is used in schools and kindergartens, according to its principles, the last few generations have learned to read. The technique is based on teaching sounds (phonetics), which are then gradually formed in the mind of the child into syllables, words, sentences and entire texts.

This technique is popular because, thanks to its consistency and clarity, it gives a 100% result. According to its principles, you can learn to read in several stages.

Learning letters and sounds

If you decide to deal with the baby according to the traditional method, you need to start by studying the letters. It is important to remember their spelling, learn to distinguish from each other, and only then proceed to reading. One of the most important recommendations is that when naming a letter, you should pronounce the sound that it stands for. This is done so that the child does not get confused, and over time he does not have to explain why "Es O Ka" is read as "SOK".

Transition to reading syllables

At this stage, children most often have certain difficulties. To help the child understand the connection between individual sounds, the syllable is presented as a whole. The adult conducting the lesson pronounces the syllable clearly and correctly, after which the child repeats after him. To overcome this stage as quickly as possible, it is recommended to use the advice from the methodology of Nadezhda Zhukova, which will be discussed later.

Reading words, sentences and text

When moving on to reading whole words, it is important that the child understands the meaning of the word read. Therefore, at this stage it is important to dwell on every word, to check with the baby whether everything is clear to him.

When the child has mastered the reading of words, you can proceed to last stage traditional methods of teaching children to read preschool age- reading texts. At this stage, parents should be patient, as children who easily read and understand individual words, may encounter difficulties in understanding the text.

Problems with reading texts:

• the child may not understand the meaning of a sentence or paragraph, fully concentrating on a complex word;
• sometimes children try not to read a word, but to guess its meaning by analogy with words with a similar spelling;
• some children replace letters in words, again based on images of other structures.

You can not force preschoolers to read, force them to re-read the same text. This can cause a negative attitude towards reading in general and will not bring the desired result. Also, do not wait too early for fluent reading - children 4-5 years old are most often not ready for this yet.

Author's methods

Having dealt with the main stages of learning to read, which are fundamental in any method, you can choose one of the many methods offered by domestic and foreign teachers, which is right for your child.

Cubes by Nikolai Zaitsev

This method is suitable for those parents who want their children to learn to read as early as possible. Learning with Zaitsev's cubes takes the form of a fun game: the guys can move freely around the room, stand or even lie down.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that warehouses are written on cubes of different colors and sizes - combinations of vowels and consonants, consonants and solid or soft sign, single letters. Children, playing with cubes, create various combinations of them, learn to make words. Another feature of these cubes is that an object capable of making sounds is placed inside each of them: in cubes with deaf sounds there are wooden sticks, if a vowel is written - a bell, and so on. Thus, the child develops not only the ability to read, but also an ear for music, intelligence, a sense of rhythm.

Glen Doman, Pavel Tyulenev, Masaru Ibuki

All these teachers are connected by one thing - they adhere to the point of view that the sooner you start teaching your child to read, the better.

According to the method of Glenn Doman, from the age of 3-6 months, the baby is shown cards on which the words are written in their entirety, without division into sounds and syllables. The method is designed to ensure that a child who regularly observes the same combinations of letters remembers them and eventually learns to read. It should be noted that this method works if you start training from the specified age. Children older than 1 year, although they remember the displayed words, in the future they try not to read them, but to guess what makes the method ineffective.

Masaru Ibuki is famous for his motto: "After three years it's too late." According to his theory, up to 3 years is exactly the age when the child is most receptive to new knowledge and skills, because this is the time of the most active development of the brain.

Method of Nadezhda Zhukova

With many years of experience as a speech therapist behind her, Nadezhda Zhukova developed her own training system based on the traditional methodology, and even published her Primer. In Zhukova's methodology, the emphasis is on reading syllables, since it is easier for a child to single out a syllable in a word, and not a sound.

The teacher suggests learning not the entire alphabet in order, but individual sounds: first vowels, then consonants. Moreover, after getting to know the vowels, you can immediately put them into syllables (AO, UO, UA), and only then move on to consonants.

In the Primer of Nadezhda Zhukova, parents will find detailed guidelines on the application of the method.

Rebus method by Lev Sternberg

Of particular note is the comparative new technique learning to read - Lev Sternberg's rebus method. This learning approach works in the following way. The process begins with a vocabulary game, during which the baby is invited to “chop off” the words: the adult says “cow”, the child must say “ko ...”, “castle” - “for ...”, etc.

When the skill is mastered, the teacher's words are replaced by hint cards, on which words are depicted with the help of drawings. For example, a melon and a cancer are drawn on the card. The child "cuts off" these words, he gets the syllables "dy ..." and "ra ...", and if we add them up, we get a new word "hole". With each lesson, the pictures become more complicated, the number of drawings grows, the baby learns to compose longer words.

Maria Montessori Method

The peculiarity of this method is that learning to read does not begin with the study of letters or sounds, but with their writing. Special tables help the kids with this: letters cut out of rough paper and pasted on cardboard cards. Repeating the sound after the adult, the child “draws” it - circles the letter on the plate with his finger. After that, the guys learn to put sounds into syllables, words, sentences.

The Montessori method is recognized by educators around the world as very effective.. Unfortunately, it is intended for use in educational institutions professional educators, since it is designed for group lessons, and at home it will be quite problematic to prepare the necessary didactic material.

Learning to read by Olga Soboleva

The main goal of Olga Soboleva's method is to instill in children a love of reading, to minimize the rote memorization of words without interest and pleasure. This training system is built on associative thinking. studying new letter, the kid does not mechanically remember it, but connects it with some similar image or even the hero of his favorite fairy tale. The whole process is built in the form of a game, information is presented for all types of perception: visually, auditory and kinesthetically, that is, children hear, see and can physically feel new information in one lesson.

This technique is not suitable for parents who want everything to be clear and step-by-step. Such a fit will be appreciated, rather, by creative individuals.

Chaplygin Cubes

These wooden cubes are fundamentally different from Zaitsev's cardboard cubes. The set includes 10 cubes and 10 blocks, each of which consists of two cubes rotating around its axis. On each side of all the cubes there are letters that can be used to form words. The child is learning to read game form: holds the cubes in his hands, turns them over, rotates, adds words, pronounces them, remembers.

Modern pedagogy has dozens of different methods of teaching reading at home. According to Olga Teplyakova, it is much easier for children to start learning with familiar words that “live” around them than with unfamiliar letters and syllables. Recently, the so-called "66 Method" has been popular, promising that the baby will begin to read fluently in 66 days.

Whichever of the existing methods you choose, remember that your child is individual. You should not make excessive demands on him, consider the age and abilities of the baby, and the result will not be long in coming.

1. The child speaks fluently in sentences and understands the meaning of what is said.
2. The child distinguishes sounds (what speech therapists call developed phonemic hearing). Simply put, the baby will easily understand by ear where house And onion, And where - volume And Luke.
3. Your child pronounces all the sounds and has no speech problems.
4. The child understands directions: left-right, top-bottom. Let's omit the point that adults often confuse right and left. For learning to read, it is important that the baby can follow the text from left to right and from top to bottom.

8 tips to help your child learn to read

Set an example

In a family where there is a culture and tradition of reading, children themselves will be drawn to books. Read not because it is necessary and useful, but because it is a pleasure for you.

Read together and discuss

You read aloud, and then look at the picture together, encouraging the child to interact with the book: “Who is this drawn? Can you show me the cat's ears? And who is this standing next to her? Older children can be asked more difficult questions: “Why did he do this? What do you think will happen next?"

Go from simple to complex

Start with sounds, then move on to syllables. Let the words consisting of repeated syllables be the first: ma-ma, pa-pa, da-da, nya-nya. After them, move on to more complex combinations: ko-t, zhu-k, do-m.

Show that letters are everywhere

Play a game. Let the child find the letters that surround him on the street and at home. These are the names of stores, and memos on information stands, and even traffic light messages: it happens that the inscription “Go” lights up on green, and “Wait so many seconds” on red.

play

And play again. Stack blocks with letters and syllables, make up words, ask your child to read you some kind of sign or inscription on the packaging in the store.

Take every opportunity to exercise

Whether you are sitting in line at the clinic or driving somewhere, get a book with pictures and short stories to them and invite your child to read together.

Build Success

Repeat familiar texts, look for already known heroes in new stories. The runaway bunny is found in both "Teremka" and "Kolobok".

Don't force

This is perhaps the most important. Don't take away a child's childhood. Learning should not go through tears.

6 time-tested techniques

ABCs and primers

katarina_rosh/livejournal.com

Traditional, but the longest way. The difference between these books is that the alphabet fixes each letter with a mnemonic picture: on a page with B a drum will be drawn, and next to YU- Yula. The alphabet helps to remember letters and - often - interesting rhymes, but will not teach you how to read.

The primer consistently teaches the child to combine sounds into syllables, and syllables into words. This process is not easy and requires perseverance.

Parents agree that one of the most understandable methods for teaching preschoolers is Nadezhda Zhukova's primer. The author simply explains the most difficult thing for a child: how to turn letters into syllables, how to read Mother rather than start naming individual letters me-a-me-a.

toyskinadom.com

If, when learning from an ABC book, a child consistently masters letters and syllables, then in 52 Zaitsev cubes he is given access to everything at once: a single letter or combinations of a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a hard or soft sign.

The child effortlessly learns the differences between deaf and ringing sounds, because the cubes with deaf consonants are filled with wood, and the cubes with voiced ones are filled with metal.

The cubes also differ in size. The large ones depict hard warehouses, the small ones - soft ones. The author of the technique explains this by the fact that when we pronounce on(hard warehouse), mouth opens wide, neither(soft warehouse) - lips in a half smile.

The set includes tables with warehouses that the parent sings (yes, he doesn’t speak, but sings) to his child.

The child quickly masters warehouse reading with the help of cubes, but may begin to swallow the endings and will face difficulties already at school when parsing a word by composition.

Folders and Towers by Vyacheslav Voskobovich

toyskinadom.com

In Skladushki, Vyacheslav Voskobovich reworked Zaitsev's idea: 21 cards show all the warehouses of the Russian language with nice thematic pictures. Included is a CD with songs, the texts of which go under each picture.

Folders are good for kids who love looking at pictures. Each of them is an occasion to discuss with the child where the kitten is, what the puppy is doing, where the beetle flew.

You can teach your child using these cards from the age of three. At the same time, it should be noted that the author of the methodology himself does not consider it necessary Vyacheslav Voskobovich: “How to keep a child in yourself? Play!" boost early development.

toyskinadom.com

"Teremki" by Voskobovich consist of 12 wooden cubes with consonants and 12 cardboard cubes with vowels. First, the child gets acquainted with the alphabet and tries with the help of parents to come up with words that begin with each of the letters.

Then it's time to learn the syllables. In a teremok with a letter M invested A- and the first syllable is obtained ma. From several towers you can lay out words. Learning is based on play. So, when replacing a vowel house will turn into smoke.

You can start playing towers from the age of two. At the same time, parents will not be left alone with the cubes: the kit includes a manual with a detailed description of the methodology and game options.

umnitsa.ru

Evgeny Chaplygin's manual includes 10 cubes and 10 moving blocks. Each dynamic block consists of a pair - a consonant and a vowel. The task of the child is to twist the cubes and find a pair.

At the initial stage, as with any other method of teaching reading in warehouses, the child makes up the most simple words from repeated syllables: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba. The involved motor skills help to quickly remember the shape of the letters, and the search for already familiar syllables turns into exciting game. The cubes are accompanied by a manual describing the methodology and words that can be composed.

The optimal age for classes is 4-5 years. You can start earlier, but only in the game format.

steshka.ru

American doctor Glenn Doman suggests teaching children not individual letters or even syllables, but whole words. Parents call and show the child the words on the cards for 1-2 seconds. In this case, the baby is not required to repeat what he heard.

Classes start with 15 cards with the simplest concepts like mothers And dads. Gradually, the number of words increases, those already learned leave the set, and the child begins to study phrases: for example, color + object, size + object.

How to understand that the child understood and remembered the visual image of the word, if the author of the methodology recommends starting classes from birth? It is worth paying attention to an important detail that parents miss in an attempt to make their child the smartest, most developed, the best.

Glenn Doman in "The Harmonious Development of the Child" strongly emphasizes that it is not necessary to arrange tests and checks for the child: kids do not like this and lose interest in classes.

Better to remember 50 cards out of 100 than 10 out of 10.

Glenn Doman

But considering that parents will not be able not to check, he advises, if the child is willing and willing, to play the game. For example, you can put several cards and ask to bring one or point to it.

Today psychologists, neurophysiologists Steven Novella, MD, "Psychomotor Patterning" and pediatricians American Academy of Pediatrics "The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children" agree that the Doman method is not aimed at teaching reading, but at mechanical memorization of visual images of words. The child turns out to be an object of learning and is almost deprived of the opportunity to learn something on his own.

It is also worth adding: in order to proceed to the Doman reading stage, parents need to prepare cards with all (!) Words that are found in a particular book.

howwemontessori.com

Montessori reading comes from the opposite: first we write and only then we read. Letters are the same pictures, so you first need to learn how to draw them and only then engage in pronunciation and reading. Children begin by tracing and shading the letters, and through this, they memorize their outline. When several vowels and consonants have been studied, they move on to the first simple words.

Much attention is paid to the tactile component, so children can literally touch the alphabet, cut out of rough or velvety paper.

The value of the technique lies in learning through play. So, you can put a rough letter and a plate of semolina in front of the child and offer to first circle the sign with your finger, and then repeat this on the semolina.

The difficulty for parents is the purchase or preparation of a significant amount of handouts.

conclusions

On the Internet and on posters advertising "developers", you will be offered cutting-edge methods for teaching a child to read at three, two years old, or even from birth. But let's be realistic: a happy mother is needed a year, not developmental activities.

The myth that it’s too late after three is firmly planted in the minds and hearts of tired parents and is actively fueled by marketers.

The authors of the methods all insist that the most natural process of learning for a child is through play, and not through classes in which the parent plays the role of a strict controller. Your main assistant in learning is the curiosity of the child himself.

Some children will study for six months and start reading at three, others have to wait a couple of years to learn in just a month. Focus on the interests of the child. If he likes books and pictures, then primers and Folders will come to the rescue. If he is a fidget, then cubes and the Montessori system will help.

In learning to read, everything is simple and difficult at the same time. If your child often sees you with a book, you have a tradition of reading before bed, your chances will increase significantly.

Among the huge selection of methods, teaching reading according to the method of Nadezhda Zhukova is very popular. Her method is adapted for self-study of parents with children at home. N. Zhukova's textbooks are affordable, they can be purchased in almost all bookstores. Let's try to figure out what is special about this technique and why it is so popular.

From the biography

Nadezhda Zhukova is a familiar domestic teacher, candidate of pedagogical sciences, has extensive speech therapy experience. She is the creator of a whole series of educational literature for children, which is published in millions of copies. Many of her scientific works published not only in Russian, but also in specialized editions of other countries.

Nadezhda Zhukova conducted a lot of research with preschool children, carefully studied the progressive processes of the development of their speech. She has created a unique method by which children can quickly learn to read and easily move from it to writing. In her methodology, N. Zhukova teaches children to correctly add syllables, which she uses as a single part in reading and writing in the future.

Sales of her modern Primer exceeded 3 million copies. From these figures, according to statistics, we can conclude that every fourth kid learns to read according to him. In 2005, he was awarded the title of "Classic Textbook".

In the 1960s, Nadezhda Zhukova was an active member of the initiative group, which dealt with the creation of specialized groups for children with speech problems and disorders. Now such speech therapy groups and entire kindergartens with this bias are widespread not only in our country, but also in the CIS countries.

Features of the technique

In creating her own special method, N. Zhukova used her 30-year speech therapy work experience. She was able to build a successful combination of literacy education with the ability to prevent children from making mistakes in writing. The textbook is based on the traditional approach of teaching reading, which is complemented by unique features.

In speech activity, it is psychologically easier for a baby to single out a syllable than separate sound in the spoken word. This principle is used in the method of N. Zhukova. Reading syllables is offered already in the third lesson. In view of the fact that at the very beginning of learning to read, this process for children is a mechanism for reproducing the letter model of a word into a sound one, by the time learning to read, the baby should already be familiar with the letters.

It is not worth teaching with a child all the letters of the alphabet at once. The first acquaintance of the baby should be with vowels. Explain to the baby that vowels are singing letters, they can be sung. Start by learning the so-called hard vowels (A, U, O). After the kid got acquainted with them, you already need to start adding up: AU, AO, OU, UA, UA, OA, OU. Of course, these are not syllables, but it is on this combination of vowels that it is easiest to explain to the baby the principle of adding syllables. Let the baby himself, helping himself with his finger, draw paths from letter to letter, singing them. So he can read a combination of two vowels. Next, you can start memorizing consonants.

Then, when you begin to teach the baby to read, explain to him how to determine by ear how many sounds or letters you have pronounced, which sound in a word sounds first, last, second. Here you can help in learning "Magnetic alphabet" N. Zhukova. With its help, you can ask the baby to lay out the syllables pronounced by you.

You can also feel the letters, circle them with your finger, which will contribute to their tactile memorization. When the baby learns to merge syllables, you can offer him to read a word of three letters, a word of two syllables. (O-SA, MA-MA).

In Zhukova's "Primer" parents will be able to find mini-summaries of classes for the study of each letter, recommendations for teaching the folding of syllables. Everything is written in accessible language. In order to use them, parents do not need to have Teacher Education. Any adult can take the course.

A preschooler is able to perceive information only in a playful way. The game for him is a calm environment where no one will scold or criticize him. Do not try to force the child to quickly and immediately read syllable by syllable. For him, reading is hard work. Be patient, show affection and love for the baby during training. It matters to him now more than ever. Showing calmness and confidence, learn to add syllables, simple words, sentences. The child must master the technique of reading. This process is not fast and difficult for him. The game diversifies learning, relieves the boring obligation to study, and helps instill a love of reading.

Your patience and calmness will help your child learn to read faster.

Starting age

You should not rush things. It is quite normal that a 3-4-year-old child is not yet able to learn at all. During this age period, classes can only be started if the child shows great interest in reading activity, shows a desire to learn to read.

A 5-6-year-old child will react to this in a completely different way. IN preschool institutions educational programs are designed to teach children to read by syllables. However, not always the kids can learn the information received in a large team. Many guys need individual sessions so that they understand the principles of folding syllables and words. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to work out with your child at home. Having come to school well prepared, it will be easier for the baby to endure the adaptation period.

It is important to consider psychological readiness to learning to read. Children are ready to start reading only if they already speak well, correctly form sentences in their speech, phonemic awareness developed to the right level. Babies should not have problems with hearing and vision, speech therapy problems.

Learning to read should begin at the age when you see the interest of the baby and feel that he is ready.

Sounds or letters?

Acquaintance with letters should not begin with memorizing their names. Instead, the child must know the sound that is written by a particular letter. No EM, ER, TE, LE, etc. should not be. Instead of EM, we learn the sound "m", instead of BE, we learn the sound "b". This is done to make it easier for the child to understand the principle of folding syllables. If you learn the names of the letters, then the child will not understand how the word PAPA is obtained from PE-A-PE-A, and the word MAMA is obtained from ME-A-ME-A. He will add not the sounds that are indicated by letters, but the way he learned - the names of the letters and, accordingly, will read PEAPEA, MEAMEA.

Learn the correct vowels and consonants

Don't start learning the letters in alphabetical order A, B, C, D... Follow the sequence given in the Primer.

First of all, learn the vowels (A, O, U, S, E). Next, the student should be introduced to the solid voiced consonants M, L.

Then we get acquainted with deaf and hissing sounds (K, P, T, W, H, etc.)

In the "Primer" N. Zhukova proposed the following order of studying letters: A, U, O, M, C, X, R, W, Y, L, N, K, T, I, P, Z, Y, G, V , D, B, F, E, b, I, Yu, E, H, E, C, F, W, b.

The sequence of studying letters presented in Zhukova's primer will help you easily adjust to the school curriculum

Reinforcing learned material

The repetition of previously studied letters in each lesson will contribute to the faster development of the mechanism of literate reading in children.

Reading by syllables

Once you and your child have learned a few letters, it's time to learn how to add syllables. A cheerful boy helps in this in the "Primer". It runs from one letter to another, forming a syllable. The first letter of the syllable must be pulled until the baby traces the path along which the boy is running with his finger. For example, the syllable MA. The first letter M. We put a finger at the beginning of the track near it. We pull the sound M while we run our finger along the track, without stopping: M-M-M-M-M-A-A-A-A-A-A. The child must learn that the first letter stretches until the boy runs to the second, as a result they are pronounced together, without breaking away from each other.

Starting with simple syllables

The child must understand the algorithm for folding syllables from sounds. To do this, he needs training first on simple syllables, such as MA, PA, MO, PO, LA, LO. Only after the child understands this mechanism, learns to read simple syllables, you can proceed to more difficult syllables - with hissing and deaf consonants (ZHA, ZHU, SHU, XA).

The stage of learning to read closed syllables

When a child learns to fold open syllables, it is necessary to start learning to read closed syllables, i.e. those with a vowel in the first place. AB, US, UM, OM, AN. It is much more difficult for a child to read such syllables, do not forget about regular training.

Reading simple words

When the child understands the mechanism of folding syllables, begins to read them with ease, it's time to read simple words: MA-MA, PA-PA, SA-MA, KO-RO-VA.

Pay attention to pronunciation and pauses

In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pronunciation of the child. Pay attention to the correct reading of the endings of words, the child should not guess what is written, but read the word to the end.

If at the initial stage of training you taught the child to sing syllables, now, the time has come to do without it. Make sure your child pauses between words. Explain to him what punctuation marks mean: commas, periods, exclamation and question marks. At first, let the pauses between the words and sentences that the baby makes be long enough. Over time, he will understand and shorten them.

By following these simple rules, you can teach your child to read pretty quickly.

Popular books for children by N. Zhukova

In order for parents to be able to teach their child to read and write using her methodology, Nadezhda Zhukova offers a whole series of books and manuals for children and parents.

This includes:

"Primer" and "Recipes" for children 6-7 years old in 3 parts

Copybooks are a practical application to the Primer. The syllabic principle of graphics is adopted as a basis. The syllable is a separate unit not only of reading, but also of writing. The recording of the vowel and consonant letters acts as a single graphic element.

"Magnetic alphabet"

Suitable for both home use and for classes in children's institutions. A large set of letters allows you to make not only individual words, but also sentences. Methodical recommendations for work are attached to the "ABC", they are supplemented with exercises for teaching children.

"I write correctly - from the Primer to the ability to write beautifully and correctly"

The textbook is suitable for children who have already learned to read syllable by syllable together. It is also necessary that the kids can determine the first and last sounds in a word, can name words for the sound that they were called, indicate the place of a given sound in a word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. The book is designed to express the creativity of the teacher who deals with it. The proposed sections can be expanded or narrowed, the number of oral and written exercises varies by the teacher. At the bottom of some pages you can see guidelines for conducting classes. A lot of plot pictures offered as illustrations for the textbook will help the child not only easily learn the basic principles of grammar, but also develop oral speech.

"Lessons of Right Speech and Right Thinking"

The book is suitable for children who already read well. Here, texts of the classical genre are offered for reading. For parents, there is a detailed methodological description of classes based on the book. For each work, a system of work on the text is attached for its analysis. With its help, children learn to reflect, understand the hidden subtext, explain, discuss. Also you can see the value unknown to the child words that are in the dictionary for children. Also the author introduces kids to famous poets and writers, teaches them to read this or that work correctly.

"Lessons of calligraphy and literacy" (teaching copybooks)

A manual that complements the rest of the elements of N. Zhukova's system. With the help of it, the child will be able to learn how to navigate on the sheet, work according to the model, circle and independently write various elements of letters and their connections. Jobs are offered for sound-letter analysis words, adding missing letters in a word, writing uppercase and lowercase letters, etc.

"Speech therapist lessons"

This textbook is characterized by a system of classes that is understandable not only for teachers and speech therapists, but also for parents, with the help of which children can achieve pure speech. The proposed exercises focus on working out only one specific sound. Thanks to this, classes are carried out with great effect. The level of speech development of the child with whom they begin to study is not so important. For all children, classes will have a positive result. Great for activities with kids of all ages.

"The first book to read after the Primer"

For children who have completed the study of the Primer, it is recommended as the first book - "The first book to read after the Primer". It will soften the transition from the Primer to ordinary literature. The main purpose of this teaching aid is to develop curiosity in children, the desire to learn new things, develop intelligence and perseverance.

1 part are fables and stories. They continue the texts that are given in the Primer, only a more complex version is proposed.

part 2- information for the young naturalist. It offers data from encyclopedias about the main characters of stories or fables.

part 3 is fragments of poems of great poets. Each passage traces the relationship with any fragment of the 1st part of the book. This may be a poem about the seasons of one of the stories, about the animals of one of the fables, the weather, etc.

Thus, with the help of the teaching methodology of Nadezhda Zhukova, parents will be able to perfectly prepare their child for school on their own. Using its methodological and teaching aids you can not only teach a child to read well and correctly, but also teach him to write, introduce him to the basics of competent written speech, and avoid many speech therapy problems.

Review the primer of Nadezhda Zhukova in the next video.

Teaching preschoolers to read in a playful way is a fascinating and unusual option for conducting classes. Children in entertaining lessons do not just memorize letters and put them into syllables. They are completely immersed in the process, trying to complete as many interesting tasks as possible, acquiring the skill of reading without pressure from their parents and teacher. What reading games for older preschoolers to choose, we will tell in our article.

Age features of preschoolers

Future first graders aged 5-7 years - interesting creatures. They are curious about everything new, they absorb information well, but this period has its own characteristics. They should be taken into account before planning the load, drawing up a work plan for a reading lesson:

• Kindergarteners speak well, constantly replenish their vocabulary.
• Attention becomes arbitrary.
• Kids love to talk, to delve into the essence of the matter, the question.
• Self-esteem grows, awareness of oneself as a person.
• The game remains the main form of knowledge acquisition.

The following simple recommendations from teachers and experienced parents will help to achieve success in teaching reading:

1. Keep classes interesting but full of new information. If the child gets bored, then the attention will quickly switch to extraneous matters, conversations, objects. But this does not mean that a preschooler should only be entertained. Alternate games, serious tasks every 5-7 minutes.
2. A variety of forms of lessons will ensure high-quality assimilation of knowledge. Do not use the same games. The same type of coloring, puzzles, walkers bother the crumbs, make up a rich game library.
3. It is better to practice every day for 15 minutes than 2 times a week for an hour. Short daily lessons are more effective than long ones educational process occasionally. Learning to read involves regular practice.
4. Don't pressure children. Swearing, shouting, explanations on the verge of hysteria and misunderstanding of the causes of mistakes, difficulties in assimilation of information lead to rejection. The kid will hate school, books even before a thorough acquaintance with them.
5. Take breaks for gymnastics. Switching attention is necessary for resting the brain and eyes.
6. Use different submission forms. presentations, interactive games, online testers.
7. Play in the classroom not for fun, but for the sake of an accessible form of presenting information. It is necessary to approach the choice of tasks taking into account the progress of children in reading, the speed of grasping a new one, and the level of general development.

Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching a child to read at the age of 5-6, built in a playful way, has a lot of positive aspects. The effectiveness of the lessons can be explained age characteristics older preschoolers, increased level curiosity for everything new and bright.

Advantages of the method:

• The child does not get tired, does not lose interest in the process of obtaining new information.
• Each lesson can be built on individual plan, choosing diverse tasks from a rich file cabinet.
• The preschooler is directly involved in the creation of handouts and demonstration material for the lesson. For example, draws letters, sculpts or cuts out of paper for appliqué.
• Reading is not brought to the forefront of the main lesson plan. Letters, syllables, words are gradually learned by the child.
• baby on game lessons develops intellectually, creatively, psychologically.
• The children's team is rallying.
• If the lesson is conducted in a group, you can focus on the competitive moment in the games. Children have a desire to keep up, read and learn better than others.

Disadvantages of the method:

• The teacher may have problems with discipline. Excited children often flirt, do not hear the instructions of the teacher, parent.
• Games, puzzles take a lot of time.
• The transition to traditional ways of presenting the information necessary for teaching reading is perceived by preschoolers with difficulty, it takes time to switch attention.

This is interesting! In America and Israel, the game moment is necessarily included in every lesson with kindergarteners and younger students. Teachers even pass a special exam for the “ability” to teach while playing.

Before starting a reading course, write rough plan work, program for 6 months or a year:

1. Start by learning and memorizing the letters. As an assistant, use the Zaitsev cube technique.
2. Automate their search, naming. Make crafts from plasticine, decorate letter symbols, select words for one sound.
3. Gradually combine sounds into syllables, invite the child to compose simple words on their own, look for them in pictures, write. Play, search for letters, associations. This helps to blend the sounds.
4. Read the words separately from each other and in small sentences. At this stage, use tasks with the search for names for pictures, solving puzzles, crossword puzzles.
5. Try reading small texts. At the initial stage, select stories in the card index to read with your mother together, with pictures instead of words. Make the task more difficult gradually. Take Zhukova's primer to help.

Important! At 5-6 years old, do not demand reading speed from your child. The main task of teaching in the preschool period is skill automation. Pace and technique will come on their own or with the help of special lessons later.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching children 6-7 years old to read. We have collected the most fascinating, those that preschoolers will definitely like. Download assignments from the site, print on your home printer and practice.

Learn letters

The task of the preschooler is to find pictures for a certain letter.

You need to select images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. At 2-3 lessons, after getting acquainted with a few letters, you can arrange competitions.

Read in first letters

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking, reading in the future. The kid needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, putting a card with a letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the letterhead. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. A preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print pictures for each pair of students, not per class. Gradually make the game harder. Give the children words of 4-5 letters.

Find a letter

The child is offered didactic cards, where the letters are mixed, printed in different fonts and formats. The task of the preschooler is to find the desired sign and circle it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words for a given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for class.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in the right order, sign the picture.
Baby calls correct word, then he listens to himself and selects letters for writing in the cells.

Create Handout need with the kids. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of clean paper, pencils. Under each syllable is hidden a “surprise”.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and reading a syllable. The game is suitable for kids from 4 years old.

Board games

It can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. Best of all, children perceive it is rpg games on the desktop field. The game is addicting, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out these walkers for class:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they do not get confused and play by the rules.

Reading together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. The text is printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost. During the game, the baby develops attention, reading skills, vocabulary.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, creative workshops increase the preschooler's interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Tasks for teaching reading have one important feature - they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, speech. It is simply impossible to do without interesting ideas for exercises and games for teaching preschool children to read.

Find the letters and color

Choose themed coloring pages. They may Additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, decorate small images of letters, do not touch capital characters, etc.

Find the letters in the picture

Look at the picture and read

This task is suitable for children learning letters, reading syllables. Pictures with familiar objects can be shown in large numbers. Kids remember words well, use associations when reading without images.

After learning the words and their relationship with objects, invite the preschooler to read the words without pictures. Familiar syllables add up faster.

Reading in syllables

For children who have mastered the syllables well, small fairy-tale texts are suitable. They can be read together with parents or taking turns in class. After reading, be sure to ask the child what he understood, whether he can retell the text.

It is very important not to take boring, serious works for the lesson. The kid will be interested in 3-4 sentences to learn the whole story of the characters from beginning to end. In the process of reading such fairy tales, the teacher forms an interest in books among young students, a love for independent study of literature.

Video

Children like game forms of learning much more than tedious sitting in front of the alphabet and writing down the inscriptions of Russian letters in a notebook. If you want to teach your child to read quickly, get the most out of the lessons positive emotions and benefits, do not neglect this method of working at home, in additional classes in preparation for school.

Anna Rovenskaya

Teacher of Russian language and literature, employee Education Center early development.

Often junior schoolchildren study goes neither shaky nor rolls, because they read very slowly. The low speed of obtaining information affects the speed of the entire work as a whole. As a result, the child sits over a textbook for a long time, and academic performance is at the “satisfactory” mark.

How to teach a child to read quickly and at the same time be aware of what they read (more in the article:)? Is it possible to achieve that reading becomes cognitive process, giving a lot of new information and will not become a "stupid" reading of letters and syllables? We will tell you how to teach a student to speed reading and not lose the true meaning of the lesson. We read quickly, but qualitatively and thoughtfully.

How to start teaching short reading?

Speaking about the classic method of speed reading, we emphasize that the basis in it is a complete rejection of internal pronunciation. This technique is not suitable for younger students. It should start no earlier than 10-12 years. Before this age, children better absorb information that is read at the same speed as when speaking.

Parents and educators can still learn for themselves a number of useful principles and techniques that are included in this methodology. A child's brain at the age of 5-7 years has all the possibilities for full disclosure and improvement - many teachers of venerable schools say this: Zaitsev, Montessori and Glen Doman. All these schools begin to teach children to read at this age (about 6 years old), only one Waldorf school known to the whole world begins the process a little later.

All teachers agree on one fact: learning to read is a voluntary process. You can't force a child to read against their will. Parents can help the baby find inner strength to master a new skill by using games.

Ready for preschoolers to read

Today on the shelves of stores there is a huge range of manuals for learning to read. Moms and dads, of course, begin this process by learning letters, for which they buy alphabets in the most different types: talking books and posters, cubes, puzzles and much more.

The alphabet comes to the aid of the youngest children

The goal for all parents is extremely important, but it should be remembered that you need to teach right away so that you don’t have to relearn later. Often, without knowing it, adults teach using the wrong methods, which ultimately creates confusion in the child’s head, which leads to mistakes.

The most common parenting mistakes

• Pronunciation of letters, not sounds. It is a mistake to name alphabetic variants of letters: PE, ER, KA. For correct learning, their short pronunciation is required: P, R, K. An incorrect beginning will lead to the fact that later, when compounding, the child will have a problem in the formation of syllables. So, for example, he will not be able to identify the word: PEAPEA. Thus, the baby cannot see the miracle of reading and understanding, which means that the process itself will become absolutely uninteresting for him.
• Erroneous learning to combine letters into syllables and read words. The following approach would be incorrect:
  • we say: P and A will be PA;
  • spelling: B, A, B, A;
  • analysis of the word only with a glance and its reproduction without taking into account the text.

Learning to read correctly

You should teach your baby to pull the first sound before pronouncing the second - for example, MMMO-RRPE, LLLUUUK, VVVO-DDDA. By teaching your child in this way, you will see positive changes in learning much faster.

Reading skill is closely related to the correct pronunciation of sounds.

Very often, reading and writing disorders take their basis in the pronunciation base of the child. The kid pronounces sounds incorrectly, which affects reading in the future. We advise you to start visiting a speech therapist from the age of 5 and not wait until speech is established on its own.

Classes in first grade

The famous professor I.P. Fedorenko developed his own method of teaching reading, the main principle of which is that it is important not how much time you spend on a book, but how often and regularly you study.

You can learn to do something at the level of automatism even without exhausting long sessions. All exercises should be short-term, but carried out with a regular frequency.

Many parents, unwittingly, put a spoke in the wheel of the child's desire to learn to read. In many families, the situation is the same: “Sit down at the table, here is a book for you, read the first fairy tale and until you finish, do not leave the table.” The reading speed of a child studying in the first grade is very low and, therefore, for reading one short story it will take him at least an hour. During this time, he will be very tired from mental hard work. Parents use this approach to kill the child's desire to read. more gentle and effective method working on the same text is a portion work on it, for 5-10 minutes. Then these attempts are repeated two more times during the day.

Children who are forced to read usually lose interest in literature completely.

When a child sits down at a book without pleasure, it is important to use a gentle reading regimen in this case. With this method, between reading one or two lines, the baby gets a short break.

For comparison, one can imagine viewing slides from a filmstrip. On the first frame, the child reads 2 lines, then studies the picture and rests. Then we switch to the next slide and repeat the work.

Great pedagogical experience has allowed teachers to apply various effective methods for teaching reading, which can be used at home. Below are examples of some of them.

Exercises

Syllabary speed reading table

This set contains a list of syllables that are repeated many times in one reading session. This way of practicing syllables trains the articulatory apparatus. First, the children read one line of the table slowly (in chorus), then at a slightly faster pace, and for the last time - like a tongue twister. During one lesson, one to three lines are worked out.

The use of syllabic tablets helps the child remember combinations of sounds more quickly.

Studying such syllable tables, children begin to understand the principle by which they are built, it is easier for them to navigate and find the required syllable. Over time, children understand how to quickly find a syllable at the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines. The combination of vowels and consonants becomes clear to them from the point of view of the sound-letter system, in the future it becomes easier to perceive words as a whole.

Open syllables must be read both horizontally and vertically (more details in the article:). The principle of reading in the table is twofold. The horizontal lines display the same consonant with different vowel variations. The consonant is read lingeringly with a smooth transition into a vowel sound. In vertical lines, the vowel remains the same, but the consonants change.

Choral pronunciation of the text

They train the articulatory apparatus at the beginning of the lesson, and in the middle they relieve excessive fatigue. On the sheet, which is issued to each student, a number of tongue twisters are offered. First-graders can choose to work out a tongue twister they like or related to the topic of the lesson. Whispering tongue twisters is also an excellent exercise for the articulatory apparatus.

Performing articulation exercises improves the clarity of speech and helps speed reading.

Comprehensive Reading Program

• repeated repetition of what was written;
• reading in fast rhythm Tongue Twisters;
• continuation of reading unfamiliar text with expression.

Joint implementation of all points of the program, pronunciation in a not very loud voice. Everyone has their own pace. The scheme of conduct is as follows:

The read and conscious content of the first part of the tale / story continues with choral reading in an undertone of the next part. The task lasts 1 minute, after which each student makes a mark to which place he has read. Then the task is repeated with the same passage, the new word is also noted and the results are compared. In most cases, the second time shows that the number of words read has increased. An increase in this number creates a positive attitude in children and they want to achieve new successes. We advise you to change the pace of reading and read it as a tongue twister, which will develop the articulatory apparatus.

The third part of the exercise is as follows: a familiar text is read at a slow pace with expression. When children reach an unfamiliar part, the pace of reading increases. You will need to read one or two lines. Over time, the number of lines needs to be increased. You will notice that after a few weeks of systematic training, the child will notice a clear progress.

In training, the sequence and ease of exercises for the child is very important.

Exercise Options

1. Task "Throw-serif". When performing the exercise, the students' palms are on their knees. It begins with the words of the teacher: “Throw!” Having heard this command, the children begin to read the text from the book. Then the teacher says, "Serif!" It's time for rest. Children close their eyes, but their hands remain on their knees all the time. Having heard the “Throw” command again, the students look for the line where they stopped and continue reading. The duration of the exercise is about 5 minutes. Thanks to this training, children learn visual orientation in the text.
2. Task "Tugboat". The purpose of this exercise is to control the ability to change the pace of reading. First graders read the text together with the teacher. The teacher chooses a pace that is convenient for the students, and students should try to keep up. Then the teacher moves on to reading “to himself”, which is also repeated by the children. After a short period of time, the teacher starts reading aloud again, and the children, with the right tempo, should read the same thing with him. You can increase your reading level by doing this exercise in pairs. A better reading student reads “to himself” and at the same time runs his finger along the lines. The neighbor reads aloud, focusing on the partner's finger. The task of the second student is to keep up with the reading of a stronger partner, which should increase the speed of reading in the future.
3. Find a soul mate. The task of schoolchildren will be to search in the table for the second half of the word:

Program for children over 8 years old

1. Search for words in the text. In the allotted time, students must find words that begin with a certain letter. A more difficult option when teaching the technique of speed reading is to search for a specific line in the text. Such an activity helps to improve the visual search in the vertical direction. The teacher begins to read the line, and the children must find it in the text and read the continuation.
2. Insert missing letters. The proposed text is missing some letters. How much? Depends on the readiness level of the children. Instead of letters, there may be periods or spaces. Such an exercise helps speed up reading, as well as help combine letters into words. The child correlates the initial and final letters, analyzes them and makes up a whole word. Children learn to read the text a little ahead in order to correctly select the right word, and this skill is usually formed already in children who read well. A simpler version of the exercise for children over 8 years of age is a text with missing endings. For example: Veche ... step ... into the city .... We moved… along the paths… between the garage… and mind you… little… kitty… etc.
3. The game "Hide and Seek". The teacher begins to randomly read a line from the text. Students must quickly orient themselves, find this place and continue reading together.
4. Exercise "Word with an error." While reading, the teacher makes a mistake in the word. It is always interesting for children to correct inaccuracies, because in this way their authority increases, as well as self-confidence.
5. Self-measurements of reading speed. Children, on average, should read about 120 words per minute and even more. It will be easier and more interesting to achieve this goal if they begin to independently measure their reading speed once a week. The child himself counts the number of words read and puts the results on a tablet. Such a task is relevant in grades 3-4 and allows you to improve your reading technique. You can find other examples of speed reading exercises and videos on the Internet.

Reading speed is an important indicator of progress and should be monitored regularly

We stimulate results

Evaluation of positive dynamics is very important. The child will be well motivated to further work if will see that has already made some progress. Above the workplace, you can hang a table or graph that would display progress in learning to speed reading and improving the reading technique itself.

It is especially important to pull up reading by the end of the third grade. At this age, the child should read at least 120 words per minute. Speed ​​reading for children is a great option to teach your child to speed up the pace of reading and at the same time understand what they read by reading "silently".

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